Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rainfall Uniformity

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Academic literature on the topic 'Rainfall Uniformity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rainfall Uniformity"

1

Green, Daniel, and Ian Pattison. "Christiansen uniformity revisited: Re-thinking uniformity assessment in rainfall simulator studies." CATENA 217 (October 2022): 106424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106424.

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2

Silveira, Alexandre, Jorge M. G. P. Isidoro, Fábio P. de Deus, et al. "Enhancing the spatial rainfall uniformity of pressurized nozzle simulators." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 28, no. 1 (2017): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-07-2015-0140.

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Purpose Rainfall simulators are used on experimental hydrology, in areas such as, e.g., urban drainage and soil erosion, with important timesaving when compared to real scale hydrological monitoring. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to increase the quality of rainfall simulation, namely, for its use with scaled physical models. Design/methodology/approach Two pressurized rainfall simulators are considered. M1 uses three HH-W 1/4 FullJet nozzles under an operating pressure of 166.76 kPa and was tested over a 4.00 m length by 2.00 m width V-shaped surface. M2 was prepared to produce artificial rainfall over an area of 10.00 m length by 10.00 m width. The spatial distribution of rainfall produced from a single nozzle was characterized in order to theoretically find the best positioning for nozzles to cover the full 100 m2 area with the best possible rainfall uniformity. Findings Experiments with M1 led to an average rainfall intensity of 76.77-82.25 mm h−1 with a 24.88 per cent variation coefficient and a Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CUC) of 78.86 per cent. The best result with M2 was an average rainfall intensity of 75.12-76.83 mm h−1 with a 21.23 per cent variation coefficient and a CUC of 83.05 per cent. Practical implications This study contributes to increase the quality of artificial rainfall produced by pressurized rainfall simulators. Originality/value M2 is the largest rainfall simulator known by the authors worldwide. Its use on rainfall-runoff studies (e.g. urban areas, erosion, pollutant transport) will allow for a better understanding of complex surface hydrology processes.
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3

Bateni, Norazlina, Sai Hin Lai, Frederik Josep Putuhena, Darrien Yau Seng Mah, and Md Abdul Mannan. "A Rainfall Simulator Used for Testing of Hydrological Performances of Micro-Detention Permeable Pavement." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.18 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16671.

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A rainfall simulator for laboratory experimentation is developed to test hydrological performances of micro-detention pond permeable pavement, MDPP. Rainfall characteristics consisting of rainfall intensity, spatial uniformity, raindrop size, and raindrop velocity show that natural rainfall is simulated with sufficient accuracy. The rainfall simulator used pressure nozzles to spray water for rainfall intensity from 40 to 220mm/hr. Uniformity distribution test gives coefficient of uniformity of 95% over an area of 1m2. The raindrops falling at velocity ranging from 0.5 to 15m/s with drop sizes diameter between 2 to 5mm. Free drainage system below the rainfall simulator is accompanied with outlet tanks attached with ultrasonic sensor devices to record the outflow data. During the experiments, the outflow received is 98% in average. Experiment results in typical runoff hydrograph and percolation rate of the MDPP system. This shows the ability of the rainfall simulator to obtain initial hydrology data to aid in the design of the MDPP prototype.
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Naves, Juan, Jose Anta, Joaquín Suárez, and Jerónimo Puertas. "Development and Calibration of a New Dripper-Based Rainfall Simulator for Large-Scale Sediment Wash-Off Studies." Water 12, no. 1 (2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010152.

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Rainfall simulators are useful tools for controlling the main variables that govern natural rainfall. In this study, a new drop-forming rainfall simulator, which consists of pressure-compensating dripper grids above a horizontal mesh that breaks and distributes raindrops, was developed to be applied in wash-off experiments in a large-scale physical model of 36 m2. The mesh typology and size, and its distance to drippers, were established through a calibration where rain uniformity and distributions of raindrop sizes and velocities were compared with local natural rainfall. Finally, the rain properties of the final solution were measured for the three rain intensities that the rainfall simulator is able to generate (30, 50 and 80 mm/h), obtaining almost uniform rainfalls with uniformity coefficients of 81%, 89% and 91%, respectively. This, together with the very suitable raindrop size distribution obtained, and the raindrop velocities of around 87.5% of the terminal velocity for the mean raindrop diameter, makes the proposed solution optimal for wash-off studies, where rain properties are key in the detachment of particles. In addition, the flexibility seen in controlling rain characteristics increases the value of the proposed design in that it is adaptable to a wide range of studies.
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5

Dey, Pankaj, and P. P. Mujumdar. "On the uniformity of rainfall distribution over India." Journal of Hydrology 578 (November 2019): 124017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124017.

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6

Kim, Haksoo, Teakjo Ko, Hyangseon Jeong, and Sungje Ye. "The Development of a Methodology for Calibrating a Large-Scale Laboratory Rainfall Simulator." Atmosphere 9, no. 11 (2018): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110427.

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The objective of this study was to establish a method to calibrate a large-scale laboratory rainfall simulator through developing and implementing an automated rainfall collection system to assess the reliability and accuracy of a rainfall simulator. The automated rainfall collection system was designed to overcome the limitations caused by the traditional manual measurement for obtaining the rainfall intensity and the spatial rainfall distribution in a large experimental area. The developed automated rainfall collection system was implemented to calibrate a large-scale laboratory rainfall simulator. The adequacy of average rainfall intensities automatically collected from the miniature tipping bucket rain gauges was assessed by comparison with those based on the volumetric method using the flowmeter. The functional relationships between the system variables of the rainfall simulator and the simulated intensity and uniformity distribution of rainfall (i.e., operation models) were derived based on a multiple regression approach incorporating correlation analysis on linear and logarithm scales, with consideration of a significance level. The operation models exhibited high accuracy with respect to both the rainfall intensity and the uniformity coefficients.
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7

Seong, Hoje, Dong Sop Rhee, and Inhwan Park. "Analysis of Urban Flood Inundation Patterns According to Rainfall Intensity Using a Rainfall Simulator in the Sadang Area of South Korea." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031158.

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An urban flood in the Sadang area located in South Korea was reproduced using a rainfall simulator. The rainfall simulator was developed to be able to demonstrate the rainfall intensity in range of 80–200 mm/h, and the artificial rainfall was created using 42 full cone type nozzles in the urban model. The uniformity coefficient of the rainfall distribution was 89.5%, which indicates the rainfall simulator achieved the high requirements for spatial uniformity. The flood experiments in the 1/200 scale model of the Sadang area were conducted using the rainfall simulator, and the flood patterns were investigated by changing the rainfall intensity. The rainwater mainly accumulated in the lowland of the crossroad where the entrances to the subway station are located. The flow velocity and the inundation depth were sharply increased until the rainfall intensity became 160 mm/h. Furthermore, the unstable human activities based on the moment and the friction instabilities also occurred from 160 mm/h. These results suggest that the study area requires flood damage mitigation facilities considering a rainfall intensity exceeding 160 mm/h.
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8

Si, Zhen Jiang, Yan Meng, and Yan Huang. "Development of a Mobile Rainfall Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.118.

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in order to solve the rainfall simulator single control operation currently used in the experiment of soil erosion. A mobile rainfall simulator was designed. The device adopts a rainfall simulator and Longmen mobile support integration mode, which is controllable and mobile and easy to move. The results show that the equipment is advanced in technology, stable performance, flexible movement, rainfall uniformity high, effective rainfall area is 1.5×4.5m with rainfall intensity ranging from 9.5 to 100mm/h. and to a greater extent meets the needs of rainfall simulation. This rainfall simulator can be used in indoor and outdoor experiment of soil erosion in different slope, which improves the efficiency of utilization of rainfall simulator.
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9

Mendes, Thiago Augusto, Sávio Aparecido dos Santos Pereira, Juan Félix Rodriguez Rebolledo, Gilson de Farias Neves Gitirana, Maria Tereza da Silva Melo, and Marta Pereira da Luz. "Development of a Rainfall and Runoff Simulator for Performing Hydrological and Geotechnical Tests." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063060.

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Laboratory apparatuses for the analysis of infiltration and runoff enable studies under controlled environments and at reduced costs. Unfortunately, the design and construction of such systems are complex and face difficulties associated with the scale factor. This paper presents the design, construction, and evaluation of a portable rainfall and runoff simulator. The apparatus allows the evaluation of unsaturated soils with and without vegetation cover, under a wide range of simulation scenarios. The apparatus also enables the control of the intensity, size, and uniformity of simulated raindrops for variable surface slope, specimen thickness, and length conditions. The monitoring of the volumetric water content and matric suction and a rigorous computation of water balance are ensured. The obtained results indicate that the automated rainfall generator produces raindrops with Christiansen uniformity coefficients higher than 70%, and with an adequate distribution of raindrop sizes under a range of rainfall intensities between 86.0 and 220.0 mm h−1. The ideal rainfall generator conditions were established for a relatively small area equal to or lower than 1.0 m2 and considering rainfall events with return periods of 10 to 100 years.
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10

Lappas, I., I. Tsioumas, and V. Zorapas. "Spatial-temporal analysis, variation and distribution of precipitation in the water district of Central-Eastern Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 2 (2017): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11110.

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In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in the Water District of Central – Eastern Greece is investigated for the 42-year period (1968 – 2009) by using monthly mean data from 35 rainfall gauges, with adequate spatial coverage. The basic objective is to infer the pattern of spatial variation of rainfall over the study area based on meteorological observations. The accurate estimation of rainfall’s spatial distribution is needed whenever hydrological modelling is undertaken at the watershed scale for model calibration and validation. By using timeseries analysis and geostatistical methods, the regional and seasonal precipitation change and regime of this region during over 40 years is analyzed. However, this input is subject to uncertainty due to the random nature of rainfall. For all stations, uniformity checking and appropriate completion (where needed) took place and it appears that orography plays significant role as far the amount of rainfall is concerned. The results indicate that high variations in regional rainfall estimation occur in the mountainous areas, while the variance decreases in shadow areas in all seasons. The analysis of rainfall showed that there exists a wide variation in the rainfall amounts with variation from 382.4mm to 1397mm with a significantly decreasing trend.
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