Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rainfall variability

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rainfall variability'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rainfall variability"

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Stefanidis, Stefanos, and Dimitrios Stathis. "Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Variability over the Mountainous Central Pindus (Greece)." Climate 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli6030075.

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In this study, the authors evaluated the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall over the central Pindus mountain range. To accomplish this, long-term (1961–2016) monthly rainfall data from nine rain gauges were collected and analyzed. Seasonal and annual rainfall data were subjected to Mann–Kendall tests to assess the possible upward or downward statistically significant trends and to change-point analyses to detect whether a change in the rainfall time series mean had taken place. Additionally, Sen’s slope method was used to estimate the trend magnitude, whereas multiple regression models were developed to determine the relationship between rainfall and geomorphological factors. The results showed decreasing trends in annual, winter, and spring rainfalls and increasing trends in autumn and summer rainfalls, both not statistically significant, for most stations. Rainfall non-stationarity started to occur in the middle of the 1960s for the annual, autumn, spring, and summer rainfalls and in the early 1970s for the winter rainfall in most of the stations. In addition, the average magnitude trend per decade is approximately −1.9%, −3.2%, +0.7%, +0.2%, and +2.4% for annual, winter, autumn, spring, and summer rainfalls, respectively. The multiple regression model can explain 62.2% of the spatial variability in annual rainfall, 58.9% of variability in winter, 75.9% of variability in autumn, 55.1% of variability in spring, and 32.2% of variability in summer. Moreover, rainfall spatial distribution maps were produced using the ordinary kriging method, through GIS software, representing the major rainfall range within the mountainous catchment of the study area.
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B. AJITHKUMAR and P.P. SREEKALA. "Rainfall variability over Kerala." Journal of Agrometeorology 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v17i2.1027.

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Wang, Hui, Rong Fu, Arun Kumar, and Wenhong Li. "Intensification of Summer Rainfall Variability in the Southeastern United States during Recent Decades." Journal of Hydrometeorology 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 1007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1229.1.

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Abstract The variability of summer precipitation in the southeastern United States is examined in this study using 60-yr (1948–2007) rainfall data. The Southeast summer rainfalls exhibited higher interannual variability with more intense summer droughts and anomalous wetness in the recent 30 years (1978–2007) than in the prior 30 years (1948–77). Such intensification of summer rainfall variability was consistent with a decrease of light (0.1–1 mm day−1) and medium (1–10 mm day−1) rainfall events during extremely dry summers and an increase of heavy (>10 mm day−1) rainfall events in extremely wet summers. Changes in rainfall variability were also accompanied by a southward shift of the region of maximum zonal wind variability at the jet stream level in the latter period. The covariability between the Southeast summer precipitation and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is also analyzed using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. It is shown that the increase of Southeast summer precipitation variability is primarily associated with a higher SST variability across the equatorial Atlantic and also SST warming in the Atlantic.
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Yang, Song, and Eric A. Smith. "Convective–Stratiform Precipitation Variability at Seasonal Scale from 8 Yr of TRMM Observations: Implications for Multiple Modes of Diurnal Variability." Journal of Climate 21, no. 16 (August 15, 2008): 4087–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2096.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the variability of convective and stratiform rainfall from 8 yr (1998–2005) of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) and TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) measurements, focusing on seasonal diurnal variability. The main scientific goals are 1) to understand the climatological variability of these two dominant forms of precipitation across the four cardinal seasons and over continents and oceans separately and 2) to understand how differences in convective and stratiform rainfall variations ultimately determine how the diurnal variability of the total rainfall is modulated into multiple modes. There are distinct day–night differences for both convective and stratiform rainfall. Oceanic (continental) convective rainfall is up to 25% (50%) greater during nighttime (daytime) than daytime (nighttime). The seasonal variability of convective rainfall’s day–night difference is relatively small, while stratiform rainfall exhibits very apparent day–night variations with seasonal variability. There are consistent late evening diurnal peaks without obvious seasonal variations over ocean for convective, stratiform, and total rainfall. Over continents, convective and total rainfall exhibit consistent dominant afternoon peaks with little seasonal variations—but with late evening secondary peaks exhibiting seasonal variations. Stratiform rainfall over continents exhibits a consistent strong late evening peak and a weak afternoon peak, with the afternoon mode undergoing seasonal variability. Thus, the diurnal characteristics of stratiform rainfall appear to control the afternoon secondary maximum of oceanic rainfall and the late evening secondary peak of continental rainfall. Even at the seasonal–regional scale spatially or the interannual global scale temporally, the secondary mode can become very pronounced, but only on an intermittent basis. Overall, the results presented here demonstrate the importance of partitioning the total rainfall into convective and stratiform components and suggest that diurnal modes largely arise from distinct diurnal stratiform variations modulating convective variations.
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Singh, Vishal, and Xiaosheng Qin. "Rainfall variability in Malay Peninsula region of Southeast Asia using gridded data." E3S Web of Conferences 81 (2019): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198101002.

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Southeast Asia is recognized as a climate-change vulnerable region as it has been significantly affected by many extreme events in the past. This study carried out a rainfall analysis over the Malay Peninsula region of Southeast Asia utilizing historical (1981-2007) gridded rainfall datasets (0.5°×0.5°). The rainfall variability was analyzed in an intra-decadal time series duration. The uncertainty involved in all datasets was also checked based on the comparison of multiple global rainfall datasets. Rainfall gap filling analysis was conducted for producing more accurate rainfall time series after testing multiple mathematical functions. Frequency-based rainfall extreme indices such as Dry Days and Wet days are generated to assess the rainfall variability over the study area. Our results revealed a notable variation existed in the rainfalls over Malay Peninsula as per the long historical duration (1981-2007).
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Alhamshry, Asmaa, Ayele Almaw Fenta, Hiroshi Yasuda, Reiji Kimura, and Katsuyuki Shimizu. "Seasonal Rainfall Variability in Ethiopia and Its Long-Term Link to Global Sea Surface Temperatures." Water 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010055.

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Investigating the influence of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on seasonal rainfall is a crucial factor for managing Ethiopian water resources. For this purpose, SST and rainfall data were used to study a wide range of inhomogeneous areas in Ethiopia with uneven distribution of rainfall for both summer (1951–2015) and spring (1951–2000) seasons. Firstly, a preliminary subdivision of rainfall grid points into zones was applied depending on spatial homogeneity and seasonality of rainfall. This introduced new clusters, including nine zones for summer rainfall peak (July/August) and five zones for spring rainfall peak (April/May). Afterward, the time series for each zone was derived by calculating the rainfall averaged over grid points within the zone. Secondly, the oceanic regions that significantly correlated with the Ethiopian rainfall were identified through cross-correlations between rainfalls averaged over every homogeneous zone and the monthly averaged SST. For summer rainfall as a main rainy season, the results indicated that the Gulf of Guinea and southern Pacific Ocean had a significant influence on rainfall zones at a lag time of 5–6 and 6–7 months. Besides, for summer rainfall zones 8 and 9 at lag time 5–6 months, the common SST regions of the southern Pacific Ocean showed the opposite sense of positive and negative correlations. Thus, the difference in SSTs between the two regions was more strongly correlated (r ≥ 0.46) with summer rainfall in both zones than others. For the spring season, the results indicated that SST of the northern Atlantic Ocean had a strong influence on spring rainfall zones (3 and 5) at a lag time 6–7 months, as indicated by a significant correlation (r ≥ −0.40). Therefore, this study suggests that SSTs of southern Pacific and northern Atlantic oceans can be used as effective inputs for prediction models of Ethiopian summer and spring rainfalls, respectively.
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Brigadier, Libanda, Nkolola Barbara, and Musonda Bathsheba. "Rainfall Variability over Northern Zambia." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 6, no. 6 (January 10, 2015): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2015/16189.

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Farmer, Graham. "Rainfall variability in tropical Africa." Land Use Policy 3, no. 4 (October 1986): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(86)90029-3.

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Macron, Clémence, Yves Richard, Thomas Garot, Miloud Bessafi, Benjamin Pohl, Adolphe Ratiarison, and Andrianaharimanana Razafindrabe. "Intraseasonal Rainfall Variability over Madagascar." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 5 (May 2016): 1877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0077.1.

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Using daily rain gauge records for Madagascar and nearby islands, this paper investigates rainfall intraseasonal variability at local and regional scales during the austral summer season (November–February), as well as the respective influences of recurrent convective regimes over the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The results show a general consistency between local-scale rainfall variability in Madagascar and regional-scale features of climate variability. The influence of tropical temperate troughs in their mature phase and/or their easternmost locations is first underlined. The development of such systems over southern Africa and the Mozambique Channel can be considered as precursors for Malagasy wet spells, especially over the southern part of the island. Regional and local effects of the MJO are weaker on average, and only concern the northwest of the island and the north of the Mozambique Channel. MJO and convective regimes are finally shown to explain distinct fractions of regional rainfall variability.
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Nicholls, Neville, Wasyl Drosdowsky, and Beth Lavery. "Australian rainfall variability and change." Weather 52, no. 3 (March 1997): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1997.tb06274.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rainfall variability"

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Driver, Penny Meredith. "Rainfall variability over southern Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12830.

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Southern Africa is subject to high inter annual rainfall variability and the factors influencing southern African rainfall are not fully understood. The variability has been linked with various sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in each of the three major ocean basins as well as variability in the strength and position of regional atmospheric features. One of the atmospheric factors that may play a substantial role in southern African rainfall variability is the Botswana high, a high pressure cell which exists at the 500hPa level and is centred over central Namibia and western Botswana during austral summer. 20th Century reanalysis data is used to further investigate this feature and analysis reveals an association between the strength of the Botswana high and ENSO. Further analysis indicates that a connection between the Botswana high and rainfall over southern Africa not only exists during ENSO years, but is also apparent during neutral years that display ENSO-like characteristics in the Botswana high. This result may assist in producing better rainfall forecasts for non-ENSO years. The frequency of dry days over southern Africa during austral summer is investigated using GPCP observational data. Correlation analysis is generally in agreement with previous studies and showed that dry day frequency(DDF) over the Limpopo and North East Zambia regions is correlated with ENSO, while DDF over coastal northern Angola and central South Africa is correlated with SSTs in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The possible role played by DDF during JFM 1998 and JFM 2010 is investigated and results indicate that the distribution of DDF over southern Africa was notably different during these two seasons and may have contributed to the unexpected rainfall experienced over southern Africa.
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Preece, David John. "Decadal rainfall variability over Southern Africa." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17232/.

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Southern Africa is a region of vulnerability, with high seasonal and interannual rainfall variability combined with rain-dependent agriculture. This variability is underpinned by influences from ENSO and other oceanic forcing, and known to exhibit quasi-decadal variability at 16-20 years (Tyson, 1975). This study uses a combination of proxy, observed and climate model data to explore the nature, mechanisms and anthropogenic forcing of rainfall variability at decadal scales. The spatial nature of rainfall variability, demonstrated through EOF analysis and composite decadal events, is similar to that at interannual scales. Spectral analysis of observed data confirms the presence of variability at ENSO-related timescales, combined with influences in the 10-12 year and 16-20 year band. Subtle differences appear in model simulated rainfall. The mechanisms of quasi-decadal variability are also shown to be similar to interannual forcing patterns: showing links to ENSO, the tropical and South Atlantic oceans, and the South West Indian Ocean. Rainfall correlation at decadal scales is dominated by the SW Indian Ocean, but the ‘dipole’ like forcing observed at interannual timescales is notable less coherent at quasi-decadal scales. Model-specific differences are explored, and though to be the result of the interaction between a weak (strong) decadal ENSO signal and a strong (weak) Southern Annular Mode influence at multi-decadal timescales. Using state of the art model simulations (Gonzales-Rouco et al., 2003; Tett et al., 2007) that incorporate anthropogenic forcings, the study also explores the impact of climate change on the quasi-decadal signals over the region. Results show that quasi-decadal variability is damped under anthropogenic forcing. The spatial structure appears unaltered, and many of the mechanisms are consistent with those in unforced simulations. A key change occurs in the tropical Indian Ocean, which substantially alters in relationship with the southern African rainfall. Implications for decadal predictability over the region are discussed and evaluated.
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Washington, Richard. "Interannual and interdecadal variability of African rainfall." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396138.

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Williams, Charles Jonathan Roger. "Rainfall variability and extremes over southern Africa." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437453.

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Randriamahefasoa, Tsinampoizina Marie Sophie. "Variability of summer rainfall over southwestern Madagascar." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9809.

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This study investigates the interannual variability of the frequency of wet days during the rainy season over southwestern Madagascar, and its associated regional and global circulation patterns. The number of wet days was counted for each summer season (December to March) of the period 1971 to 2000 at four rainfall stations in southwestern Madagascar. For each station, the frequency of wet days was correlated with ENSO indices, SIOD index, SST, 850 hPa geopotential height, zonal and meridional winds at the surface. Composite anomalies of moisture flux and moisture flux convergence at 850 hPa, 500 hPa omega and velocity potential at .995 sigma level, using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, associated with El Niño events, La Niña events that occurred during the period of study were examined. Also, circulation anomalies during neutral years having anomalously high frequency of wet days or anomalously low frequency of wet days were analysed separately. It was found that the number of wet days rarely exceeds half of the total days in summer for each station. Inverse relationship between the equatorial Pacific SST anomalies and the frequency of wet days anomalies was identified. Statistics showed that years characterised by high frequency of wet days often occur with La Niña seasons whereas years having low frequency of wet days tend to occur with El Niño seasons. A strong relationship between the southern Indian Ocean SST and the frequency of wet days was found at Ranohira (45.3° E, 22.5° S) and Toliara (43.72° E, 23.38° S). Increased number of wet days over southwestern Madagascar is associated with low atmospheric pressure over the southern Mozambique Channel. Neutral years having anomalously high (low) frequency of wet days are marked by northwesterly (southeasterly) moisture flux anomalies at 850 hPa over southwestern Madagascar.
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Gamoyo, Majambo Jarumani. "Rainfall variability characteristics over the East African coast." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10571.

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This study explores inter-annual rainfall variability over the East African coast region (Kenya and Tanzania) for the period 1980-2010 and focuses on dry and wet spell characteristics during the two rainy seasons. The atmospheric and ocean conditions associated with the rainfall variability are also considered. Extreme occurrences of rainfall variable can result in droughts and floods which in turn may lead to socioeconomic disruptions. East Africa is highly dependent and vulnerable to the amounts and timing of rainfall.
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Owusu, Kwadwo. "Analysis of rainfall variability in sub-humid Ghana." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007041.

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Potts, Daniel Lawrence. "Rainfall Variability and Carbon Cycling in Semi-Arid Ecosystems." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1338%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Lei, Yonghui. "Decadal variability in Chinese summer rainfall and climate change." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515737.

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Courtney, Shaun. "Latent heat flux and South African summer rainfall variability." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19252.

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The main purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between oceanic latent heat flux and the summer rainfall of South Africa. Such a link would be useful for a better understanding and the prediction of monthly variability in the summer rainfall for South Africa. In order to investigate possible relationships between oceanic latent heat flux and summer rainfall in South Africa, point to point and point to field statistical correlations were made between gridded monthly COADS derived bulk oceanic heat fluxes and area averaged rainfall for the period 1950 to 1988. Correlations with the oceanic latent heat flux were not significant when the summer area averaged rainfall was divided into early and late summer seasons. This is due to the fact that different oceanic latent heat flux regions correlate with a different rainfall region each month. The results of monthly latent heat flux and summer rainfall demonstrated that there exists a statistical link between oceanic latent heat flux and summer rainfall and that this link could prove useful in the prediction of summer rainfall patterns. These results of the correlation between monthly latent heat flux and summer rainfall show that summer rainfall can be grouped into an all-area index that can be used as a proxy for the entire summer rainfall region. Results of these correlations further show that there are three major mechanisms that are at work over the six month summer rainfall period. These mechanisms show a link between the oceanic latent heat flux and summer rainfall variability. This study has shown that various oceanographic areas in the surrounding oceans correlate at different lags with South African summer rainfall. These correlations can be useful as precursors in predicting wetter or dryer rainfall events. Areas identified by correlation of oceanic latent heat flux regions as important as precursors for summer rainfall prediction are similar to those areas other researchers have identified in studies using OLR, SST and upper level winds (Jury 1995). This study adds weight to the already existing knowledge of these precursors of rainfall predictability.
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Books on the topic "Rainfall variability"

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Nicholson, Sharon E. Atlas of African rainfall and its interannual variability. Tallahasee, Fla: Florida State University, Department of Meteorology, 1988.

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Doi, Ram. Analysis of rainfall variability and drought occurences in Rajasthan. Reading: University of Reading Department of Geography, 1993.

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Doi, Ram. Analysis of rainfall variability and drought occurrences in Rajasthan. Reading: Department of Geography, University of Reading, 1993.

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An examination of precipitation variability with respect to frontal boundaries. Middletown, Del: Legates Consulting LLC, 2006.

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Hermance, John F. Historical Variability of Rainfall in the African East Sahel of Sudan. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00575-1.

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Kulkarni, Ashwini. Examining Indian monsoon variability in coupled climate model simulations and projections. Pune: Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, 2010.

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Mastura, Bte Mahmud. Mechanisms of winter monsoon rainfall variability across the eastern coast of peninsular Malaysia. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1991.

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Feddema, Johannes J. Evaluation of terrestrial climate variability using a moisture index. Elmer, N.J: C.W. Thornthwaite Associates, Laboratory of Climatology ; Newark, Del., 1994.

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Morris, Susan E. Variability in storm rainfall over an upland catchment and its implications for storm runoff. Huddersfield: The Polytechnic, 1989.

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Hulme, M. The tropical easterly jet and Sudan rainfall 2: Inter- and intra-annual variability during 1968-85. Salford: University of Salford Department of Geography, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rainfall variability"

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Sharma, R. S., and B. K. Mandal. "Rainfall Variability and Extreme Rainfall Events Over Jharkhand State." In Wastewater Reuse and Watershed Management, 401–14. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429433986-34.

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Awange, Joseph. "Decadal Rainfall Variability: Link to Oceans." In Food Insecurity & Hydroclimate in Greater Horn of Africa, 177–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91002-0_8.

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Gupta, V. K., and E. Waymire. "On Lognormality and Scaling in Spatial Rainfall Averages?" In Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics, 175–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2147-4_12.

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Tesfaye, Argaw, and Arragaw Alemayehu. "Climate Change and Variability on Food Security of Rural Household: Central Highlands, Ethiopia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 379–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_188.

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AbstractThis chapter analyzes the impact of climate change and variability on food security of rural households in the central highlands of Ethiopia taking Basona Werana district as a case study site. Data were obtained from 123 households selected using simple random sampling from three agro ecological zones. Key informant interviews and focus group discussion (FDG) were used to supplement the data obtained from household survey. The monthly rainfall and temperature data are for 56 points of 10 × 10 km grids reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite observations, which cover the period between 1983 and 2016. Standardized rainfall anomaly (SRA), linear regression (LR), and coefficient of variation (CV) are used to examine inter-annual and intra-annual variability of rainfall. Annual and seasonal rainfalls show decreasing trends over the period of observation. The decreasing trends in annual and March–May (Belg) rainfall totals exhibit statically significant decreasing trends at p = 0.05 level. Kiremt (June–September) shows statically significant decreasing trends at p = 0.1 level. Mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures show statically significant increasing trends at p = 0.05 level. More than 80% of households perceived that the climate is changing and their livelihoods (crop and livestock production) are impacted. The district belongs to one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change and variability in the country where large proportions of households (62%) are under different food insecurity classes. Results suggest that local level investigations are useful in developing context-specific climate change adaptation.
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Parry, Martin L., Timothy R. Carter, and Nicolaas T. Konijn. "Village-Level Farm Adjustment to Rainfall Variability." In The Impact of Climatic Variations on Agriculture, 557–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2965-4_27.

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Parry, Martin L., Timothy R. Carter, and Nicolaas T. Konijn. "Village-Level Farm Adjustment to Rainfall Variability." In The Impact of Climatic Variations on Agriculture, 557–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2967-8_27.

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Haris, H., M. F. Chow, and L. M. Sidek. "Spatial Variability of Rainfall in Urban Catchment." In GCEC 2017, 1075–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8016-6_76.

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Malyse, Majoumo Christelle. "Rainfall Variability and Adaptation of Tomatoes Farmers in Santa: Northwest Region of Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 699–711. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_138.

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AbstractThe Santa agrarian basin being one of the main market gardening basins in Cameroon and one of the producers of tomatoes in the country is vulnerable to the impact of rainfall variability. The spatiotemporal variability of rainfall through the annual, monthly, and daily fluctuations has greatly affected the market gardening sector in general and tomatoes production in particular. Thus, given rise to the research topic “Rainfall variability and adaptation of tomatoes farmers in Santa North west region of Cameroon,” its principal objective is to contribute to better understanding of the recent changes occurring in tomatoes production and productivity in Santa. To attain this objective, a principal hypothesis was formulated that rainfall variability instead of unnatural conditions or human constraints justifies changes observed in tomatoes production in Santa and resulting adaptation strategies developed by peasants and stakeholders.Our study came out with several findings, among which includes rainfall events in Santa fluctuate in time and in space with reduction in the number of rainy day and increase in the intensity of rainfall events causing soil erosion, infertility, and frequent crop diseases, insects, and pests. Extreme events such as drought and flooding have equally become frequent in the area especially during the different cycles of tomatoes production disrupting the agricultural calendar and causing crop failure and decrease in yields with Pearson’s correlation of 0.017. This positive value shows that there is a relationship between annual rainfall and tomatoes output in Santa. Tomatoes farmers in Santa are struggling to adapt locally to this situations, but their efforts are still limited especially due to their low level of education and poverty. Finally, it was seen that the output of tomatoes over the years in Santa has a strong correlation with rainfall. Based on the findings of this study, the government is called upon to assist farmers in their adaptation options.
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Sedrique, Zoyem Tedonfack, and Julius Tata Nfor. "Rainfall Variability and Quantity of Water Supply in Bamenda I, Northwest Region of Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 713–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_139.

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AbstractBamenda I municipality found in the humid tropic is endowed with a dense hydrological network which makes it a water catchment for the entire region. Paradoxically, the region still suffers problems of water shortage. This is due to the spatial and temporal variability in rainfall that greatly affects water supply through its impacts on surface and groundwater. For this reason, we came up with the research topic “Rainfall variability and quantity of water supply in Bamenda 1, Northwest Region of Cameroon.” The objective of this study is to examine the manifestations of rainfall variability, and how it affects quantity of water supply in the humid tropics. Rainfall data use for this study comprised of annual, monthly, and daily rainfall over a period of 55 years. Water supply data was made of monthly and annual supply. With these data, a Pearson’s correlation was computed, and it gave a value of 0.701, with a rainfall proportion of 49.14% and 50.86% for other factors. The seasonality and the Standardized Precipitation Index were equally analyzed. At the end of the study, results showed that rainfall events in Bamenda I fluctuates with time and in space. It equally presented a reduction in the number of rainy days from 204 days in 1663 to 155 in 2018. This led to a reduction in length of rainy season and in rainfall amounts. In addition, the area has witnessed sedimentation of riverbeds and water reservoirs due to erosion and deposition during high rainfall peaks. Equally, floods observed during high rainfall episodes have become a potential threat to water infrastructures imposing exceptional water shortages during the rainy seasons. Due to these, actors in the water supply sector are putting in measures to remedy the situation.
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Villamayor, Julián. "Contribution of the SST Modes to Rainfall Variability." In Influence of the Sea Surface Temperature Decadal Variability on Tropical Precipitation: West African and South American Monsoon, 161–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20327-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rainfall variability"

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Leonard, M., and M. Lambert. "Spatial Variability of Stochastically Generated Rainfall." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.200.

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Benarroch, A. "Time variability of rainfall rates in Spain." In Ninth International Conference on Antennas and Propagation (ICAP). IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19950415.

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Pushpa Tuppad and Kyle R Mankin. "Watershed Modeling Uncertainty from Spatial Rainfall Variability." In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24235.

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Siemens, Kimberly O., Eric D. Loucks, Sydney J. Kase, and Steven R. Heinz. "Spatial Variability of Rainfall in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Area." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479162.111.

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Gader, Khouloud, Ahlem Gara, Mohamed Slimani, and Mahjoub Mohamed Raouf. "Study of spatio-temporal variability of the maximum daily rainfall." In 2015 6th International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmsao.2015.7293556.

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Cure, Marcio, Bernardo Flores, Rafael Oliveira, Matheus Pamplona, and Marina Hirota. "Savannas are more sensitive to rainfall variability than riparian forests." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Forests — Forests for a Better Future: Sustainability, Innovation, Interdisciplinarity. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-07878.

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"Wetland vegetation – hydrology co-evolution in response to rainfall variability." In 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.h9.coletti.

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Suryanti, Krisna, Marzuki, Robi Muharsyah, Mutya Vonnisa, and Fredolin Tangang. "Diurnal rainfall variability in West Sumatra from rain gauge observation." In THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS AND APPLIED PHYSICS (THE 1ST ICP&AP) 2019: Fundamental and Innovative Research for Improving Competitive Dignified Nation and Industrial Revolution 4.0. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0003182.

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Iskandar, Iskhaq, Azhar K. Affandi, Dedi Setibudidaya, and Fadli Syamsuddin. "Climate change and variability in the palembang city: Long-term trends and variability of palembang rainfall." In PADJADJARAN INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2013 (PIPS-2013): Contribution of Physics on Environmental and Energy Conservations. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4820326.

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Wride, Derek, Mi Chen, and Ralph Johnstone. "Characterizing the Spatial Variability of Rainfall Across a Large Metropolitan Area." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)155.

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Reports on the topic "Rainfall variability"

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Rainfall and rainfall variability. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298460_17.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Yields. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298460_19.

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McCartney, Matthew, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Water storage in an era of climate change: addressing the challenge of increasing rainfall variability. Blue paper. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2010.012.

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McNulty, Steven, Sarah Wiener, Emrys Treasure, Jennifer Moore Myers, Hamid Farahani, Lisa Fouladbash, David Marshall, and Rachel F. Steele. Southeast Regional Climate Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies. United States. Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7279978.ch.

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Climate-related variability in rainfall, temperature, and extreme weather (e.g., drought, flood, unseasonal frost) pose significant challenges to working land (i.e., range, forest, and agricultural) managers across the southeastern United States. This document outlines the type of risks that southeastern agriculture and forestry currently face and, in some cases, options to address these risks. Finally, this document looks forward to providing direction on the priority needs of Southeast working land managers and an outline of how the USDA Southeast Climate Hub will address those needs.
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