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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rainwater harvesting systems (RHS)'

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Published: 9 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Quadros, Carlos Schmidt. "Rainwater harvesting case study: FCT/UNL campus." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/4799.

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Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, Perfil Engenharia Sanitária<br>With increasing pressure on the environment, particularly on water resources, due to outside forces such as climate change and population growth, water is nowadays a scarce and a valuable resource. With the need to find new alternatives, rainwater harvesting should be seen as an important strategy for better management of water resources, once it constitutes a free source of potable water. Rainwater harvesting systems, which already have a global implementation, are a recognised

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2

Vargas, Parra María Violeta. "Optimizing rainwater harvesting systems in urban areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322068.

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El aprovechamiento de agua de lluvia, a pesar de ser una antigua técnica para recoger escorrentía para uso doméstico, agricultura y gestión ambiental, no tiene una amplia aplicación. Potencialmente, los sistemas de aprovechamiento de agua de lluvia (RWH) pueden jugar un papel clave en el abastecimiento de la demanda de agua urbana como una alternativa a las tecnologías convencionales de tratamiento de agua como son la desalinización y otras tecnologías costosas Esta tesis doctoral pretende encontrar las configuraciones de RWH más eficientes, primero cuantificando el consumo de recursos e impa

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O, Brien Olivia. "Domestic water demand for consumers with rainwater harvesting systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86514.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of the study is to theoretically assess tank-water demand and employ methods to establish the actual tank-water demand at selected houses in a case study area. This study also examines the influence of domestic rainwater harvesting systems when used in combination with a municipal water distribution system. The case study comprises of 410 low cost housing units in the Western Cape. The system demand patterns of low cost housing units are uncharacteristic, when compared with suburban system demand patterns, and cannot

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Morales, Pinzón Tito. "Modelling and sustainable management of rainwater harvesting in urban systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117610.

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En esta dissertación se desarrolló un modelo para evaluar técnica, económica y ambientalmente sistemas de recogida de agua de lluvia para aprovechamiento doméstico urbano. Se analizaron diferentes tipologías de vivienda (vivienda tipo casa y vivienda tipo apartamento) y diferentes sistemas (vivienda unifamiliar, edificio de apartamentos y barrio). Se encontraron los escenarios de viabilidad económica y ambiental y se desarrollaron submodelos específicos para la evaluación directa en un amplio rango de condiciones climáticas, precios y calidad del agua para sistemas de diferentes escalas urbana

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Young, Mark Damion Bede. "Development and application of PARCHED-THIRST : a user-friendly agrohydrological model for improving dryland cropping systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251294.

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Pauls, Linnéa. "How Rainwater Can Transform Cities : An Evaluation of Success Factors for Urban Rainwater Harvesting Projects in Europe." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254601.

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Changing weather patterns challenge societies globally and at multiple levels related to amongst others health, the environment, disaster management and mitigation. There is a need for greater flexibility and resilience, which in turn can be enabled through a transition towards increased sustainability in governance and infrastructure. Urban rainwater harvesting (URWH) is a term used in this paper to collect various approaches to the sustainable handling of rainwater in cities, a practice becoming increasingly common in some areas of the world. Global experiences can be useful learning opportu

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Schlea, Derek Alan. "Retention and management of stormwater runoff with rain gardens and rainwater harvesting systems." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306853271.

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8

Siddall, Omolara Oyewumi. "A multi-criteria decision analysis framework for sustainable rainwater harvesting systems in Ibadan, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602351.

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The approach to water management worldwide is currently in transition, with a shift from centralised infrastructures to greater consideration of decentralised technologies, such as rainwater harvesting (R WH). Initiated by recognition of drivers, including water demand, increasing risk of ground-water pollution and flooding, the value of R WH is filtering across the academic-policy boundary. However, in Nigeria, implementation of sustainable water management (SWM), such as R WH systems, is inefficient social, environmental and technical barriers, concerns and knowledge gaps exist, which curren

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9

Egyir, Selina Naana. "Climate change, rainwater harvesting and private water systems : perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours in Scotland." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3323.

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Water resources in Scotland are under immense pressure despite the perception that it rains a lot and there are abundant water resources. High amount of energy is utilized for the transport and treatment of water for consumption which contradicts the UK government’s carbon neutral agenda. Climate change is also expected to alter precipitation patterns in the UK especially Scotland despite the perception that it rains a lot and there are abundant water resources. There is the need to adapt to water-related changes by ensuring reliable water supply to households whilst protecting the natural env

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Neibaur, Elena E. "Sustainability Analysis of Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Current and Future Water Security in Rural Mexico." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2245.

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Rainwater harvesting, the act of capturing and storing rain, is an ancient practice that is increasingly utilized today by communities to address water supply needs. This thesis examines whether domestic rainwater harvesting systems (DRWHS) can be a sustainable solution as defined by social, water quality, and technical feasibility for water security in semi-arid, rural environments. For this study, 50 surveys and 17 stored rainwater analyses were conducted in San Jose Xacxamayo, Mexico, in conjunction with my Peace Corps work of implementing 82 DRWHS. Results showed that all DRWHS were social

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Bertrand, Nathalie Marie-Ange. "Impacts of scaling up water recycling and rainwater harvesting technologies on hydraulic and hydrological flows." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4003.

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In recent years, the increasing awareness of scarcity of water resources, indications of likely climate variability, and the increasing pressure to use available fresh water resources more efficiently have together reinforced the need to look at infrastructure solutions with due regard to environmental considerations and social impacts, present and future. There is a vital need to apply an integrated approach to catchment management to implement sustainable solutions to resolve issues such as water supply and sewerage, drainage and river flooding. Many potentials solutions are available to con

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Dobrowsky, Penelope Heather. "Quality assessment of domestic harvested rainwater in the peri-urban region of Kleinmond, Western Cape and the optimisation of point-of-use treatment systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86278.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) refers to the collection and storage of rainwater for domestic purposes and in an effort to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MGD), the South African government has started an initiative where DRWH tanks are financed in sustainable housing schemes in an aim to provide an additional water source directly to households. Although many provinces, including parts of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu Natal, have been using harvested rainwater as a potable water source, there are a limited number

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Saraiva, Sandra Manuela Liz. "Potencial económico do aproveitamento das águas pluviais para uso doméstico na Região de Lisboa." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9208.

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Devkota, Jay P. "Life Cycle Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Systems at Building and Neighborhood Scales and for Various Climatic Regions of the U.S." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1449871956.

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Green, Kaitlin Elinor. "Embodied Energy Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Primary School Settings on La Peninsula Valiente, Comarca Ngobe Bugle, Republic of Panama." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3127.

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The United Nations Millennium Development goals aim to make improvements in access to potable water. In the Bocas del Toro region of Panama, rainwater harvesting systems are making that goal more attainable. Rainwater harvesting, especially in rural, difficult access areas, may be a viable water source improvement that will allow a greater population to access improved water. This study uses the Carnegie Mellon University Economic Input-output Life Cycle Assessment tool to assess the embodied energy of plastic and ferrocement rainwater harvesting systems in rural Panama. Rainwater harvesti

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Alamdari, Nasrin. "Modeling Climate Change Impacts on the Effectiveness of Stormwater Control Measures in Urban Watersheds." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84940.

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Climate change (CC) science has made significant progress in development of predictive models. Despite these recent advances, the assessment of CC impacts in urban watersheds remains an area of active research, in part due to the small temporal and spatial scales needed to adequately characterize urban systems. Urban watersheds have been the focus of considerable efforts to restore hydrology and water quality, and the aquatic habitat of receiving waters, yet CC impacts threaten to reduce the effectiveness of these efforts. Thus, assessing the impacts of CC in urban watershed assessment are ess

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Hernandes, André Teixeira. "Diretrizes para o gerenciamento da água pluvial nas edificações escolares municipais da cidade de Ribeirão Preto." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4608.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissATH.pdf: 18368287 bytes, checksum: b45251643897100029d341df26cf3598 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-31<br>The current projects of rainwater plumbing systems are extremely simple and present only one exclusive concern: to divert the rainfall from the place where it occurs to the drainage public system. In general, it s possible to verify that they do not attend even the word semantic meaning. The no existence of a coordinated set of action aiming at ampler results makes rainwater plumbing system unconcerned wi

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Campos, Marcus André Siqueira. "Aproveitamento de água pluvial em edifícios residenciais multifamiliares na cidade de São Carlos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4636.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMASC.pdf: 3170204 bytes, checksum: 83bd0768232793a648b29a0d4da7f753 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-05-06<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>The potable water scarcity afflicts the begging of the 21st Century, being today, one of the main worries of the manhood. This way, it becomes necessary to reduce the per capita consumption. From the actions that promote the racional use of water, the technological ones seems to be , in the most of the cases, the most recomended to reduce the consumption without being

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Filho, Anabi Resende. "Esgotamento sanitário a vácuo: descrição e comparações econômicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-12012010-140706/.

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A escassez de água no planeta já é uma realidade pontual, inclusive já despontando no horizonte, em nosso país, fora do polígono da seca: na região metropolitana de São Paulo, o modelo de adução, a partir de bacias circunvizinhas, está perto de exaurir, pelos custos que esse tipo de solução adotada desde a época do império romano acarreta nas tarifas para o consumidor final. Assim, a busca pelas chamadas soluções racionais têm, cada vez mais, ganhado adeptos e, dentre estas, a que se tem mostrado mais eficiente e mais eficaz é a tecnologia do esgotamento sanitário a vácuo, visto ser

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Yang, Tzu-Chun, and 楊子群. "Economic Evaluation for Existing Rainwater Harvesting Systems." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/esbhcw.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>河海工程學系<br>107<br>Due to global climate change, the United Nations treats rainwater harvesting systems as an adaption alternative toward water shortage problem. In domestic, Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Development, has listed rainwater harvesting as an alternative new water resources in the water law. But, research in the subject of economic assessment of rainwater harvesting systems is rare. The purpose of this study is to establish the economic assessment framework of rainwater harvesting systems and apply this framework to the cases completed in 2018 in the

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Chiang, Yu-Chuan, and 江育銓. "Regional Based Rainwater Potential and Storage Volume for Rainwater Harvesting Systems and Rainwater Management Strategy." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47190476649028537572.

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博士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>河海工程學系<br>103<br>The average annual available water resource per capital in Taiwan is 1/5 of the world’s average. Water shortage problem becomes worse because water demand increases along with rapid urban development. To increase water supply, rainwater harvesting has been adopted as an alternative water resources by Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs. Also, rainwater harvesting technology has been included in the water resources indicator which is one of the evaluation indicators in green building rating system published by Architecture and Building Researc

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Wang, Di-Yuan, and 王帝元. "Small-Scale Rainwater Harvesting Systems - A Case Study." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69400804009522322446.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>化學工程系<br>101<br>This study aimed to investigate the effects of typhoon and dust storm on harvested rainwater quality. Total of 192 rainwater samples were collected from two rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs) on a campus in northern Taiwan between January 2011 and April 2013. There were five typhoons and one dust storm invaded Taiwan during the period. Harvested rainwater was analyzed, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, alkalinity, total organic carbon (TOC), acute biotoxicity test, concentration of 13 metals (Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb

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Pinto, Eduardo Jorge Costa. "Rainwater harvesting systems : implementation inside Karunya University Campus." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/59239.

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Pinto, Eduardo Jorge Costa. "Rainwater harvesting systems : implementation inside Karunya University Campus." Dissertação, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/59239.

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Lin, Chun-Hung, and 林俊宏. "A probabilistic approach to rainwater harvesting systems design and evaluation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93221405802603675143.

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博士<br>臺灣大學<br>生物環境系統工程學研究所<br>97<br>The imbalance among water supply and demand becomes a more and more serious problem in Taiwan owing to rapid growth of population and socio-economic activities. Rainwater harvest is an alternative water supply source to relieve this water shortage pressure in urban area. Since the effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting System (RHS) design is heavily dependent on rainfall characteristics, both optimization and simulation were used to approach this problem of storage design for RHS. In the past, most of the studies present the average successful rate under a sp

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Terêncio, Daniela Patrícia Salgado. "Decision support systems for rainwater harvesting and runoff control in watersheds." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/10214.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Agronómicas e Florestais<br>Pressure on water resources have been increasing over time, due to external forces such as population growth, irregular distribution, water waste, aquifer contamination and also climate change. Global climate change is expected to intensify current and future tensions over water resources and will increase the frequency and intensity of droughts and floods. Thus, in addition to extreme events such as floods and droughts, water quality and forest fire problems are also a concern. Therefore, some methodologies have been tested to impro

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Roebuck, R. M., Crina Oltean-Dumbrava, and Simon J. Tait. "Whole life cost performance of domestic rainwater harvesting systems in the United Kingdom." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6157.

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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) can be used to reduce the demand for potable mains water. At the single-building scale, previous research has focused on water-saving potential, while financial assessment has either been omitted or considered in an ad hoc manner. This paper reports on the application of a more rigorous financial analysis of domestic RWH systems than had been conducted previously. Whole life costing was selected as the most appropriate financial assessment technique. A total of 3840 domestic system configurations were assessed at a daily time step, taking into account various stakeho

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Kim, Hyun Woo. "Equitable cost allocation for rainwater harvesting system : framework analysis : case of Austin,TX." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3546.

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The limitation of urban water supplies is becoming worse each year. Several studies estimate that 2 billion of the world’s population will suffer from water scarcity by 2050; and urbanization rates is placing an even greater challenge in providing the infrastructure needed to serve growing populations. At this point, rainwater may be considered as the most critical, untapped water resource in a global aspect. Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHS) have tremendous potential, not only to provide sufficient water supply, but also to serve as a valuable stormwater management tool. Despite these benef

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Liao, Ming-cheng, and 廖明誠. "Regional rainfall level zoning and an evaluation indicator of rainwater harvesting systems in northern Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97231679598235006397.

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博士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>建築系<br>97<br>Rainwater harvesting systems had been widely accepted as solutions to alleviate the problems of water shortages. The main objective of this study is to construct an effective management framework of rainwater harvesting systems by means of regional rainfall level zoning and an evaluation indicator. First, a rainfall station system based on a point concept was converted to one based on a spatial concept in order to cope with the problems of rainfall data. A two-step cluster analysis was used to classify the sample area into several regions in accordance with rainf

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Cheng, Wei-Wen, and 陳偉文. "Application of Google Earth in Estimating the Storage Volume of Roof-top Rainwater Harvesting Systems Planning." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09033338356865898319.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>河海工程學系<br>103<br>Taiwan is a rainfall abundant nation but with small land area and densely population. Therefore, average annual available water resources per capital is only 1/5 that of world average. Furthermore, with rapid urbanization, land development and more impervious pavement prevent rainwater from infiltrating into the ground. Water resources problem becomes serious than that of before. Therefore, alternative water resources development becomes significant issue. Water Resources Agency of Ministry of Economic Affair has listed rainwater harvesting as one of alternat

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Evans, Craig Andrew. "Phylogenetic diversity and spatial and temporal variability in the bacterial populations of domestic rainwater harvesting systems." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1418349.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Rainfall landing on the rooftops of major urban centres is a potentially valuable, but largely unexploited resource. Research indicates that widespread rainwater harvesting may provide a relatively cost competitive, energy efficient and environmentally sustainable contribution to the stabilisation of urban water supply. Current utilisation of rainwater tanks is nonetheless limited by uncertainty over quality, in relation to which a poor understanding of the general microbiology of harvested rainwater is a key factor. Predicated on a hypothetic

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Kosgei, Job Rotich. "Rainwater harvesting systems and their influences on field scale soil hydraulic properties, water fluxes and crop production." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/632.

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"On the statistical nature of daily rainfall and the Storage-Reliability-Yield behavior of rainwater harvesting systems in the United States." TUFTS UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1449722.

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Amos, Caleb C. "Rainwater storage systems and household agriculture for the sustainable provision of food & water in developing and developed countries." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:59525.

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Food and water are at the heart of every community, form significant aspects of cultural identity, and must be in good supply for healthy and sustainable development. Not surprisingly, food and water feature directly as part of the recent UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) as Goal 2, Zero Hunger, and Goal 6, Clean Water and Sanitation. Household agriculture (HA) and rainwater storage systems (RSS) have grown in popularity in recent years and have the potential to increase yields and supplement household nutrition. Yet there is a significant lack of research into this potential. Domestic R

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Pinho, Luis Manuel de Castro Rosas Costa. "Sistemas de aproveitamento de águas pluviais: a influência da localização e da utilização tipo de um edifício." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/34949.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Urbana (área de especialização em Hidráulica Ambiental)<br>Os sistemas de aproveitamento de águas pluviais são hoje em dia uma realidade cada vez mais discutida na fase inicial de elaboração de um projeto de engenharia civil. Contudo, muitas vezes verifica-se que estes sistemas nem sempre são implementados em obra, ou que são abandonados durante o processo de definição de projeto, por não haver uma análise económica eficaz e/ou por não serem transmitidas claramente aos decisores as mais-valias, económicas, sociais ou ambientais, da implementação deste

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Cruz, Susana Manuela Sousa da. "Contribuição para a avaliação de técnicas de aproveitamento de água da chuva em comunidades urbanas." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/47040.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil<br>Nas últimas décadas o crescimento populacional acelerado, aliado à progressiva impermeabilização de áreas inicialmente com características rurais, tem originado um significativo decréscimo da capacidade de infiltração das águas no solo, que tem como consequência direta o incremento do volume de água pluvial afluente à rede de drenagem. Esta realidade tem acarretado grandes modificações no ciclo hidrológico natural, conduzindo à ocorrência de situações de risco que chegam a pôr em causa a vivência humana. A presente dissertação dedi

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(11199507), Christiane J. Ley. "Evaluating the Impacts of Sustainable Water Use Measures on Drinking Water Microbiology and Chemistry." Thesis, 2021.

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<div>This dissertation focused on examining the potential unintended consequences of sustainability on drinking water quality at the tap. The rising trend in water conservation awareness has given rise to the use of water-efficient appliances and fixtures for residential potable water systems. The first study (Chapter 1) characterized the microbial dynamics at a water-efficient residential building over the course of one year and examined the effects of water stagnation, season, and changes in physicochemical properties on the occurrence of opportunistic pathogen markers. When rainwater harves

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Machado, Ana Sofia Pereira. "Aplicação da metodologia TRIZ a um sistema de aproveitamento de águas pluviais de uma unidade hospitalar." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/40603.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil<br>Atualmente, a gestão eficiente de recursos naturais do planeta torna-se cada vez mais urgente e necessária, uma vez que a utilização descontrolada dos mesmos pode conduzir à escassez de alguns, que poderão já não se encontrar disponíveis para as gerações futuras, como é o caso da água potável. Esta é um bem essencial para a Humanidade e fundamental para a saúde, alimentação e para a economia. De modo a satisfazer a sua procura futuramente devem criar-se e desenvolver os meios e as soluções necessárias para o seu uso eficiente, uma v

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Torres, Filipe Miguel da Silva. "Implementação de um sistema de previsão e controlo para operação otimizada de um sistema de recolha e armazenamento de água pluvial." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/40686.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil<br>A água é um recurso natural, indispensável para a existência de vida na Terra, que tem sido utilizado de forma exaustiva e pouco controlada. Os Sistemas de Aproveitamento de Água Pluvial, SAAP, pelas vantagens económicas e ambientais que apresentam, e também pela simplicidade da sua implementação apresenta-se como uma medida com algum potencial para reduzir a utilização de água potável em usos onde a qualidade da água pode ser inferior. Esta técnica consiste em recolher as águas pluviais, que caem naturalmente nas várias superfície

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Silva, Ana Isabel Ribeiro da. "Sistemas de aproveitamento de águas pluviais em habitações unifamiliares: funcionamento hidráulico de um sistema de drenagem sifónica." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/36089.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil<br>Os sistemas de aproveitamento de águas pluviais permitem substituir a água de uso doméstico, sem exigência de potabilidade, por água pluvial devidamente recolhida, tratada e fornecida. Para que um sistema de aproveitamento de águas pluviais seja considerado sustentável, é preciso que seja: ecologicamente correto, economicamente viável, socialmente justo, e culturalmente diverso. O elemento chave num sistema de aproveitamento de águas pluviais é o dispositivo first-flush, que permite desviar as primeiras chuvas, que transportam cons

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