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Zhu, Ying, Yanjun Duan, Zhiguo Liu, Mengjun Liu, and Ping Liu. "Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Sour Jujube Seedlings in Different Substrate Formulations." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (2023): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071797.
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The raising of container seedlings with light substrates has become an important method of seedling raising, without delaying the seedling period. In order to reduce reliance on non-renewable peat and to promote the reuse of organic waste, this study compared the growth of sour jujube seedlings in different substrate formulations (i.e., different proportions of vermicompost instead of peat), using a semi-subterranean placement of root control bags, and explored the application of vermicompost in the raising of sour jujube seedlings. The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth and the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of sour jujube seedlings treated with different substrates, among which substrates A2 (peat: vermicompost: vermiculite: garden soil = 0.5:0.5:1:1) and A3 (peat: vermiculite: garden soil = 1:2:1) were suitable for sour jujube seedling raising. The seedling height, the seedling ground diameter, the number of secondary branches, the length of the longest secondary branch, the total fresh weight, the aboveground fresh weight, the total root length, the root projection area, and the root surface area were all significantly greater than those of jujube seedlings grown on other substrates. Especially in A3, vermicompost can replace peat as the nursery substrate for sour jujube seedlings, removing dependence on non-renewable peat resources, reducing costs, and providing more prospects for application. The suitable substrate conditions for sour jujube seedlings were as follows: soil porosity 44.0–54.0%, electric conductivity (EC) value 0.2 mS/cm, organic matter 40.39~54.05 g·kg−1, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of 1.67~1.91 g·kg−1 and 0.95~1.20 g·kg−1, respectively, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen 139.75~154.69 mg·kg−1, and available phosphorus 137~224 mg·kg−1.
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Nie, Yingbin, Lu Jiang, Xiran Liu, Lei Feng, and Zhihong Li. "Study on the Use of Soda Saline–Alkali Soil as a Rice-Seedling-Raising Soil After Short-Term Improvement." Applied Sciences 15, no. 9 (2025): 4638. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094638.
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In western Jilin Province, China, the presence of soda saline–alkali soil poses a significant threat to the raising of rice seedlings due to its harsh soil properties. The scarcity of suitable seedling-raising soil resources has become increasingly pronounced. A short-term soil-improvement experiment was conducted using the original saline–alkali soil sourced from the rice-growing region of Jilin Province, followed by the rice-seedling-raising test in the improved soil to identify an effective soil-improvement strategy. Four distinct treatments were established: no amendment (JCK); gypsum and straw (JCW); gypsum, straw, and sulfuric acid (JCWH); and gypsum, straw, and chemical fertilizer (JCWF). The effects of these amendment treatments on the soil physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium, total alkalinity) were evaluated, as well as the effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its components including humic acid carbon (HAC), and fulvic acid carbon (FAC). The results indicated that, compared to the control group, all amendment treatments effectively reduced the average soil pH by 0.53 to 0.79 units and decreased exchangeable sodium by 56.7% to 74.8%. Furthermore, the average SOC, HAC, and FAC increased by 48.3%, 89.4%, and 56.0%, respectively. Among the treatments, JCWH proved to be the most effective. After two years of improvement, the rice seedlings in the JCWH-treated soil exhibited the highest dry weight and plant height, surpassing those grown in the farmer’s seedling-raising soil. The scheme of utilizing soda saline–alkali soil for rice-seedling raising, following a short-term improvement treatment with corn straw, gypsum, and sulfuric acid (JCWH), provides technical support and an effective solution to the soil scarcity issue faced by seedling farmers in saline–alkali regions.
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Sojitra, M. A., R. M. Satasiya, P. M. Chauhan, H. V. Parmar, D. V. Patel, and G. V. Prajapati. "Economics of Raising Seedling of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) in Protected Structure." International Journal of Economic Plants 9, Nov, 4 (2022): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0499.
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The experiment was conducted during 2020−21 and 2021−22 at Green house complex, AICRP on Plastic Engineering in Agriculture Structure and Environment Management, Departmental of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh, Gujarat, India to study the economics of vegetable seedling nursery for high valued broccoli crop for profitable entrepreneurship. Timely sowing and optimizing plant population significantly increase vegetable production. The availability and required seedling in time play a major role in vegetable cultivation. The seedlings of broccoli are transplanted in the rabi season, therefore, farmers have to prepare seedlings in the late monsoon. The germination percentage and survival of seedlings are reduced due to extreme weather condition like frosting, freezing, heat wave, high temperature and excess soil moisture in the open field. Therefore, present work was carried out on the economic feasibility of seedling raising of broccoli in a natural ventilated net-cum-poly house. The seeds of broccoli of Namdhari seeds of F1 were sown in a plug tray in the month of September of the year 2020 and 2021. Plug trays were filled with the mixture of cocopeat and vermicompost in an equal proportion of 1:1 (V/V). The germination was recorded at 94% and each seedling of broccoli was sold for ` 1.60. The Gross Return (GR), Net Return (NR), and benefit-cost ratio of the seedling raising of broccoli were recorded as Rs. 556.80 m-2, Rs. 262.69 m-2 and 1.89, respectively.
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Дашзэвэг, Ц., та С. Амартүвшин. "СИБИРЬ ХУШ, СИБИРЬ ГАЦУУРЫН ТАРЬЦ УРГУУЛСАН СУДАЛГААНЫ ДҮН". Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 52, № 2 (2014): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.360.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.360 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.53-61SOME RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT TO RAISE SEEDLING OF PINUS SIBIRICA MAYR. AND PICEA OBOVATA LDB.Abstract: In Mongolia, Picea obovata Ldb. grows along the river basin and stream line in mixture with main species of trees. The area of forest dominated by Picea obovata Ldb. is 31.92 thousand hectare in total, which equals to 0.3% of total forest of the country (excluding Saxsaul forest).Experiment to raise Picea obovata seedling has been conducted in forest-vegetational zone of Western Khentii, first time in Mongolia. Experiment found that the most suitable period Picea obovata seeds are between 25 May and 5 June. This paper also presents agro-technique of raising Picea obovata Ldb. seedlings, linear parameters of above and below ground parts of seedling and biomass.Distribution of Siberian Pine forests (Pinus sibirica, Mayr.), basic characteristics, types and present status of Siberian Pine forests of Mongolia are been given in detail. Research of raising seedlings of Siberian Pine was conducted in Tunkhel area of Mandal soum, Selenge aimag, 2003 onwards, and the agrotechnique of raising seedlings of Siberian Pine is been determined.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.360 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.53-61
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Lin, Jiaqi, Dongling Li, Zhenghui Pan, Dou Feng, and Weiyan Xuan. "Effect of the Floating Seedling Technique on Banana Seedling Growth." HortScience 57, no. 3 (2022): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16303-21.
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Floating seedling technology was used to propagate banana seedlings. The effects of different substrates, such as wood bran, vermiculite, and Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient solution, at different concentrations on the survival rate of banana floating seedlings and the growth of seedling stem, leaf, and root systems were compared. The results showed that banana seedlings treated with MS nutrient solution at one-half or one-third concentration or hydroponically with controlled slow-release fertilizer (0.5–0.6 g/plant) directly added to the wood bran substrate grew the fastest and had the largest number of roots. At 50 days after transplanting, these banana seedlings reached the standard of first-grade packaged seedlings, with the number of expanded leaves reaching 6.6 to 7.6, the width of leaves reaching 6.5 cm to 7.3 cm, and the root system relatively developed. The comprehensive characteristics of the seedlings were all better than those of other treatments. The results of this study have certain reference significance for accelerating seedling growth in greenhouses and large-scale production of disease-free banana seedlings. The banana floating seedling system we developed did not need watering every day and may be simpler than other seedling raising methods.
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Ma, Guoxin, Hanping Mao, Quan Bu, Luhua Han, Abdul Shabbir, and Feng Gao. "Effect of Compound Biochar Substrate on the Root Growth of Cucumber Plug Seedlings." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (2020): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081080.
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Since plug seedling plays a key role in automatic transplanting, this work aimed to explore the effect biochar has on the root growth of plug seedlings. The physicochemical properties tests showed that the addition of biochar in the peats could increase the porosity, pH, and EC values of the substrate, and the substrates treated with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% biochar could meet the requirements of seedling raising. The water retention of the substrate was superior with the increase of biochar proportion, and the nitrogen release significantly decreased with the increase of the biochar proportion. Our results demonstrated that the substrate with 10% biochar-treated apparently promoted the growth of seedlings and root systems, even the length of the root-tip cells. However, the substrates with 40% and 50% biochar-treated obviously inhibited the growth of seedlings and root systems. It was noticed that the strength of substrate with appropriate biochar proportion was enhanced, as well. Under the interaction of strong root system and solid substrate, the compressive strength of the substrate with 20% and 10% biochar-treated was much better than others, especially that of 40% and 50% biochar-treated, which efficiently satisfied the requirements of automatic seedling picking. The biochar may have a good application prospect in seedling raising.
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CHENG, S. R. "DIFFERENT SEEDLING RAISING METHODS AFFECT CHARACTERISTICS OF MACHINE-TRANSPLANTED RICE SEEDLINGS." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 16, no. 2 (2018): 1399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1602_13991412.
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Memon, N., I. S. E. Bally, F. S. Fateh, M. Memon, and L. Kumar. "Raising healthy seedling rootstocks of mango." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1183 (November 2017): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1183.19.
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Sharma, R., and D. Rana. "Effect of growth media, seed size and depth of sowing on growth and quality of seedlings of physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn.)." Indian Journal of Forestry 30, no. 4 (2007): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2007-9r89qz.
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A field experiment was carried out during summer season of 2004 to assess the effect of growth media, size and weight of seed and depth of seed sowing on the growth and quality of seedlings of Physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn.). The analysis of data revealed that germination percentage (80.5%), final seedling stand before transplanting (75.6%), seedling height (90.50 cm), number of branches per seedling (1.93), collar diameter (2.61 cm), root total length per seedling (608 cm), leaf area per seedling (10597 cm2), total dry weight per seedling (164.2 g), total chlorophyll content (2.92 mg/g of tissue) and quality index (Dickson’s quality index and sturdiness quotient) of seedlings were significantly higher under raised seedbed of soil + FYM mixture (3:1 ratio) closely followed by raised seedbed of soil alone. Seedlings grown on polythene bags filled with soil + FYM mixture (3:1 ratio) recorded least values of all these parameters. Cost of nursery raising based on 5000 seedlings (Rs. 7660) was highest under polythene bags filled with soil + FYM mixture (3:1 ratio) while net returns (Rs. 6120) and benefit: cost ratio (1:21) was highest under raised seedbed of soil alone followed by raised seedbed of soil + FYM mixture (3:1 ratio). Negative net returns (Rs 1315) and benefit: cost ratio (-0.17) were recorded under polythene bags filled with soil + FYM mixture (3:1 ratio). Bold seeds sown at 3 to 4 cm depth produced significantly superior seedlings in terms of growth and quality parameters over the normal seeds sown at 5 to 6 cm depth. Bold seeds sown at 3 to 4 cm depth also improved economics of nursery raising over normal seeds sown at 5-6 cm depth.
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Negi, Pitambar, Ashwani Tapwal, Jawala Prasad, Monika, and Anu Sharma. "Influence of seed sources on germination and seedling vigour of Pinus gerardiana." Indian Journal of Forestry 45, no. 1 (2022): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2022-08x864.
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An experiment was conducted to study the influence of seed sources on seed germination and seedling vigour of Pinus gerardiana seeds collected from 23 seed sources during October, 2018 in Kinnaur and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh. The seeds were subjected to germination testing to identify the best seed source for raising Pinus gerardiana seedlings in the nursery. Significant differences were observed in germination percent, average seedling length and seedling vigour of seeds collected from different seed sources. The maximum germination of 83.00% was recorded in seeds collected from Jangi seed source followed by 74.00% germination in seeds collected from Purbani, 71.00% germination in seeds collected from Moorang in Kinnaur Forest Division whereas minimum germination of 36.00% germination was recorded in seeds collected from Luj in Pangi Forest Division. Similarly, maximum seedling length of 11.10 cm was recorded in seeds collected from Jangi followed by 10.50 cm in seeds collected from Purbani and 10.21 cm in seeds collected from Moorang in Kinnaur Forest Division whereas minimum seedling length of 7.70 cm was recorded from seeds collected from Luj in Pangi Forest Division. The maximum seedling vigour index of 921 was recorded in seeds collected from Jangi followed by seedling vigour index of 777 from Purbani and seedling vigour index of 724 from Moorang in a decreasing order whereas minimum seedling vigour index of 277 was recorded in seeds collected from Luj in Pangi Forest Division. It is recommended on the basis of present investigation that seeds of Pinus gerardiana should be collected from Jangi seed source in Kinnaur district for raising quality seedlings in the nursery.
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Mondal, Mousumi, Benukar Biswas, Sourav Garai, et al. "Raising Climate-Resilient Embolden Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings during the Cool Season through Various Types of Nursery Bed Management." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (2021): 12910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212910.
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Facing cold stress is amajor constraint in seedling production during the winter season as, most particularly in recent times due to uncertain climatic conditions, no sustainable technology has been reported that could be easily adopted by farmers withlimited resources. Therefore, field experiments were carried out during winter 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 at the Central Research Farm of Bidhan Chandra KrishiViswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India to study the growth, survival potential, yield and nutritional and biochemical properties of boro rice seedlings as influenced by two seedbed management practices viz. conventional seedbed (farmers’ practice) and improved seedbed (polythene protected with micronutrient supplementation). The major objective was to lower the nurserybed duration without compromising seedlings’ health and to studythe economic viability during the winter season. The experiment was laid out in ten experimental units and deployed anindependent-sample t-test to compare the performance of the seedlings. The microclimatic changes were also itemized from both seedbeds. The seeds sownunder improved nursery conditions resulted in better seedling emergence (~90%) and survival percentage (~85%) as compared to the conventional seedbed (~70% and 65%). Growth attributes in terms of plant height, biomass accumulation, root characteristics, tiller count, and growth rate were observed to be better from the polythene-protected nursery bed. Theimproved nursery bed accounted for 20% higher seedling count at the time of transplantation over the conventional bed. The microclimatic situation under a polythene covering was also favorable for germination and seedling growth. Maximum nutrient (N, P, and K) concentrations, as well as chlorophyll content, wererecorded from improved seedlings. Results suggested that the improved seedbed management was apotential alternative toearly embolden seedling production during the winter to avoid climatic abnormalities. Most importantly, improved seedbeds ensured a comprehensive route from germination to healthy seedling production without any failure in thesmalltime window, which involvedless input as well as cost involvement. This technique could diffusethe problem oflate sowing conditions in the rice–rice cropping system.
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Li, Hailiang, Chun Wang, Huafen Zou, et al. "Structural Design and Performance Test of Biomass-Based Nursery Trays." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (2022): 9101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159101.
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To realize sustainability in agricultural production, structure design and performance testing of biomass-based nursery trays was carried out in this study. Starting from meeting the agronomic requirements of rice seedling raising and mechanical transplanting, the method of combining theoretical analysis with experimental verification was used to clarify the design ideas and structural design basis of the biomass-based nursery tray. Key structural dimension parameters, such as the lateral dimensions of the seedling tray, the longitudinal size of the nursery tray, and the depth of the pothole bowl, were optimized. Meanwhile, developed biomass-based nursery trays and plastic flat nursery trays were used as seedling carriers, and a non-woven fabric and a plastic film were used as isolation materials for seeding trials. The experiment consisted of three treatments: a non-woven fabric under plastic flat nursery trays (CK), a non-woven fabric under biomass-based nursery trays (CK1), and a plastic film under biomass-based nursery trays (CK2). Comparative analysis of the seedling emergence rate, seedling quality, and yield under different nursery methods was carried out in the experiment. The results showed that the seedling emergence rate of CK1 and CK2 increased by 9.1% and 9.5%, respectively, compared with the traditional seedling raising method (CK). In terms of seedling quality, the overall quality of the seedlings cultivated with biomass-based nursery trays improved, and the improvement in traits was particularly obvious in the group of seedlings with a plastic film as isolation materials (CK2), with final results showing a 5.8% increase in yield. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for establishing a rice cultivation technology system suitable for China’s national conditions, and can also provide technical support for increasing the use of biomass-based nursery trays to achieve the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Park, Sung-Tae, Woo-Jae Kim, Woon-Chul Shin, et al. "Effect of Seedling Raising Shelf Size on Seedling Growth of Rice." Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture 25, no. 2 (2013): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12719/ksia.2013.25.2.165.
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Periasamy, Vivek, Duraisamy, and Kavitha. "Development of a picking and dropping mechanism for protray grown vegetable seedlings." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, SI (2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13isi.2776.
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In India, manual transplanting of vegetable seedlings was the commonly adopted method for raising vegetable crops, but it is laborious, time-consuming and costly. Therefore, mechanical transplanters are developed to overcome the problems in manual transplanting. The present work was to develop multiple seedlings picking and transferring mechanism for protray grown vegetable seedlings. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), chilli (Capsicum annuum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena) seedlings were raised in portrays with coir pith as a growth media and used for transplanting operation. The mechanism was to pick seven numbers of seedlings in one row at a time and transfer them into lateral conveying system, which could deliver the seedlings one by one on to the ground at regular interval. Programmable Logic Controller was used to controlling entire operations of seedlings picking and dropping. At the time of evaluation, a totally 196 number of seedlings were used with 98 cell protray. From the test results, the success rate of 89.28 per cent, missing seedling of 3.57 per cent, damaged seedling of 4.08 per cent, seedling delivering failure of 3.06 per cent were recorded for tomato seedlings. Similarly, in chilli and brinjal the success rate of 95.40 and 91.83 per cent, the missing seedling of 2.04 and 2.55 per cent, damaged seedling of 1.53 and 3.06 per cent and seedling delivering failure of 1.02 and 2.55 per cent respectively were observed. Transplanting frequency of developed mechanism was 2520 seedlings h-1. As a whole, this work was able to develop a working model of vegetable seedling transplanting mechanism, which can eject seven seedlings at a time from portray cell and transfer them into the slotted conveyor.
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Ramasamy, P., Sandip Ghate, Poonam Shinde, and I. Sekar. "Study the effect of Inm on Seedling growth and quality parameters of Bixa Orellana L. Seedlings at different stages." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 21, no. 3 (2014): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2014-9f28k6.
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An investigation was undertaken with Bixa orellana the test tree species to standardize ideal Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) techniques for improving the growth of B. orellana seedlings, so as to obtain the best quality seedling within a shortest nursery period. A nursery experiment was conducted by raising Bixaorellana Linn., seedlings in polybags filled with standard soil mixture 2:1:1 (Soil: Sand: FYM) with three levels of nitrogen (100, 200 and 300 mg N per seedling) as urea, three levels of phosphorus (200, 300 and 400 mg P2O5 per seedling) as single super phosphate and three levels of potassium (100, 200 and 300 mg of K2O per seedling) as muriate of potash along with Farm Yard Manure (100g) per seedling, Azospirillum (5g) per seedling, Phosphobacteria (5g) per seedling and Vermicompost (5g) per seedling. The results revealed that the shoot and root length, collar diameter and number of leaves were increased by INM treatments. Application of N, P2O5 and K2O (200: 300: 200 mg) along with Vermicompost (5g), Azospirillum (5g) and Phosphobacteria (5g) per seedling (T11) proved to be the ideal dose to improve above said parameters. The same treatment was also the best in enhancing the dry matter production, volume index, quality index and total chlorophyll.
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Ramasamy, P., Poonam Shinde, Sandip Ghate, and I. Sekar. "Economics of Nursery Nutrient Management for Bixa Orellana." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 21, no. 4 (2014): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2014-658glh.
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An investigation was undertaken with Bixa orellana the test tree species to standardize ideal Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) techniques for improving the growth of B. orellana seedlings, so as to obtain the best quality seedling within a shortest nursery period. A nursery experiment was conducted by raising seedlings in polybags filled with standard soil mixture 2:1:1 (Soil: Sand: FYM) with three levels of nitrogen (100, 200 and 300 mg N per seedling) as urea, three levels of phosphorus (200, 300 and 400 mg P2O5 per seedling) as single super phosphate and three levels of potassium (100, 200 and 300 mg of K2O per seedling) as muriate of potash along with Farm Yard Manure (100g) per seedling, Azospirillum (5g) per seedling, Phosphobacteria (5g) per seedling and Vermicompost (5g) per seedling.The cost analysis revealed a positive trend in reducing the nursery period. The observation of this study showed that the production of 1000 seedlings in control incurred a total cost of Rs.800.00 and the seedlings took 120 days to reach a height of 24.10 cm, collar diameter of 0.65 cm and shoot-root ratio of 0.97 but the application of treatment T11 incurred Rs.1030.47 to produce the seedlings with same as that of control and it took 74 days only. Though the treatment T11incurred little bit higher cost than other treatments it produced good quality seedlings and also reduced the nursery period.In the present investigation, application of 200 mg of N, 300 mg of P2O5 and 200 mg of K2O along with Vermicompost (5g), Azospirillum (5g) and Phosphobacteria (5g) per seedling (T11) has produced healthy seedlings of 38.69 cm height in 74 days.
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Masilamani, Poomaruthai, P. Saravanapandian, K. Annadurai, and Velanganni Albert. "Study on moderating influence of FYM on pH of nursery medium for raising Teak stumps." Indian Journal of Forestry 39, no. 1 (2016): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2016-0zu328.
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A study was conducted to find out the influence of soil pH on sprouting and survival of one year old Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) stumps. The stumps were planted in different pH of the soil (8.1, 9.0, 10.2 and 10.5) along with red earth, sand and farmyard manure mixture. Twenty eight days after planting the results revealed that stumps planted in soil with a pH of 8.1 + sand + farmyard manure at 2:1:1 ratio gave more number of sprouts (2.35), leaves (11.10), secondary roots (4.42) and dry matter production (4.11 mg seedling–1) per stumps, which was on par with stumps planted in 10.2 pH soil + sand + farm yard manure mixture. Stumps planted in higher soil pH (10.5) alone inhibited the seedling growth. The species is able to tolerate extreme soil pH of 10.5, when the soil is mixed with sand and farmyard manure at 2:1:1 ratio, in terms of survival, seedling growth and chemical attributes of 180 days old seedlings.
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Song, Yuqiu, Yingjun Han, Lulu Wang, et al. "Parameters optimization for compressing a mixture of decomposed rice straw and biochar into a seedling-raising mat." BioResources 17, no. 4 (2022): 6293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.6293-6302.
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Transplanting is the prime growing pattern for rice production, and seedling raising is an essential step of the process. However, the massive soil source and the complicated treatments needed for seedling raising are major issues. This study explored the possibility of using compressed-decomposed rice straw and biochar from rice husk into a seedling-raising mat, to replace the soil and simplify the seeding process. A quadratic rotation-orthogonal combination experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of moisture content, pressure, and residence time on the formation of seedling-raising mat. The regression models between the compressing indicators and the process factors were established. The results showed that the following factors had significant effect on bending strength of the formed mat (P < 0.01): the pressure and residence time have extreme effects on dimensional stability (P < 0.01); but the influence of moisture content was insignificant (P > 0.05). The process parameters for compression were optimized and verified using Design-Expert software 8.0.6. The optimized parameters were moisture content of 33%, pressure of 23.0 MPa, and residence time of 61 s. The prediction error is less than 6% under this condition. The results may provide a reference for biomass seedling-raising mat compression.
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Nam, Hyo Hoon, Kwang Seop Kim, and Beung Sung Kim. "Seed Harvesting and Seedling Raising Methods for Seedling Production in Angelica dahurica." Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 30, no. 3 (2022): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7783/kjmcs.2022.30.3.180.
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Sharma, Ritu, R. Kothari, and V. Ramamurthy. "The role of potting media in raising Acacia auriculiformis plantlets in nursery." Indian Journal of Forestry 27, no. 1 (2004): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2004-66146y.
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Different potting matrices using soil, sand and farm yard manure in different ratios were evaluated for raising Acacia auriculiformis seedling in nursery. Soil alone as a potting matrix for nursery growth of A. auriculiformis prevented germination of the seedlings and their subsequent growth. Although the root length was not influenced by the matrix composition, the growth of the secondary and tertiary roots were inhibited in soil in the absence of sand or FYM. Addition of a mixture of fertilizers, however, did not have any significant effect on the parameters monitored except for the dry weight of the seedlings. Soil, sand and FYM at a volumetric ratio of 2:1:2 was found to be the best among the tried combinations for A. auriculiformis seedlings.
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Qaisar, K., P. Khan, and M. Khan. "Container type and growing media for raising quality seedling stock of Cedrus deodara." Indian Journal of Forestry 31, no. 3 (2008): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-3u5c9k.
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A Nursery study has been done on Cedrus deodara with four containers (normal polybag, bottom perforated polybag, root trainer 150 cc and root trainer 250 cc) and three growing medium (Soil, Sand, FYM- 1 : 2 : 3, Soil, Sand, FYM, Dalweed – 1 : 2 : 3 : 2, and Soil, Sand, FYM, Rice husk- 1 : 2 : 3 : 2). Deodar seedlings raised in bottom perforated polybag recorded best morphological parameters and Dickson quality index. The root trainer raised seedlings depicted better seedling quality parameters viz, sturdiness, root/shoot ratio and ratio of fibrous + lateral root to total root. Among the growing medium tried the best growth and quality parameters of Deodar seedlings were observed in M2 (soil, sand, FYM, Dalweed - 1 : 2 : 3 : 2). The combination of C2M2 (Bottom perforated polybag + Soil, Sand, FYM, Dalweed) resulted in maximum Dickson quality index.
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Tatsuno, Junya, Kiyoshi Tajima, and Masayoshi Kato. "Automatic Transplanting Equipment for Chain Pot Seedlings in Shaft Tillage Cultivation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 34, no. 1 (2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2022.p0010.
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The study aims to develop automatic transplanting equipment for chain pot seedlings. We intend to practice the shaft tillage cultivation using an autonomous farming robot. We had developed an autonomous working vehicle and automatic transplanting equipment for plug seedlings used in shaft tillage cultivation. To reinforce the robot system’s versatility, we developed transplanting equipment for the chain pot seedlings. We experimentally investigated the transplanting performance. Approximately 84% of the seedlings were automatically transplanted using the developed equipment. Since the equipment was performed well in the failure samples, we assumed that the cause of such failures was attributed to seedling quality. In addition, we measured the power consumption of the equipment used to build an electrical power supply system. Consequently, we calculated the power requirements for each process. Compared with the plug seedling equipment developed in the previous study, the chain pot seedlings’ power requirement was lower because the conveying actions of seedlings were different. In the next stage of our research, to construct a fully automatic system, we will consider the seedling raising method in which seedlings can become uniformly high-quality and investigate the plant establishment performance using the developed equipment.
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Challam, Dawan Arkini, and Rijubanki Challam. "Case Studies on Nurseries Raising of Turmeric Var ‘Lakadong’ in Jaintia Hills Meghalaya India." Asian Research Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 3 (2024): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arja/2024/v17i3486.
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Meghalaya is home to a variety of spices, among which turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) is one of the most prominent. The Jaintia hills districts of Meghalaya are a native to one of the finest varieties of turmeric in the world namely ‘Lakadong’ which is considered one of the world's best varieties due to its curcumin content of around 6.8 to 7.5 per cent. Following single bud rhizome plugtray method developed by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, for rapid multiplication of seeds, Lakadong rhizome were raised in two types of agro-shade net nurseries in Kyrwen Village. Model 1 is a poly-cum-shade net house covered with translucent 200µ UVS plastic on top and 50% green shade net on the sides, while Model 2 is completely covered with 50% shade net. Studies indicate that while the poly-cum-shade net achieved a higher sprouting rate for Lakadong rhizomes, it led to poor seedling development and lower survival rates when transplanted to the field, especially for seedlings grown in plug trays. Conversely, transferring seedlings from poly-cum-shade net to shade net for a week significantly improved their field performance. Shade net nursery demonstrated better and healthier seedling development, with higher survival rates when transplanted. Additionally, Lakadong seedlings grown near the 50% shade net wall in poly-cum-shade net showed similar positive outcomes as those in shade net nurseries.
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Thorat, Amol, Poonam Shinde, Sandip Ghate, and K. Suresh. "Assessing the Nutrient Uptake and Fixing Up Appropriate Dose of INM for Bambusa vulgaris (S) Seedlings." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 22, no. 1 (2015): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2015-ug24m0.
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An investigation was undertaken with Bambusa vulgaris (S.) as the test tree species to standardize ideal Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) techniques for assessing nutrient uptake and fixing appropriate dose of INM for growth of tissue cultured seedlings, so as to obtain the best quality seedling within a shortest nursery period. A nursery experiment was conducted by raising tissue culture B. vulgaris seedlings in polybags of size 25 cm x 15 cm filled with non-calcareous, red sandy loam soil (Typic Ustropept), sand and FYM with two levels of urea (500 and 1000 mg seedling-1), two levels of single super phosphate (1000 and 1500 mg seedling-1), two levels of muriate of potash (250 and 500 mg seedling-1) and micronutrient mixture (5g) along with Azospirillum (5g) seedling-1, phosphobacteria (5g) seedling-1 and VAM (10g) seedling-1.The results revealed that INM treatments were found to improve the N, P and K content of B. vulgaris seedlings. The significant increase in the total N, P and K uptake was noticed due to the incorporation of Urea, Single super phosphate and Muriate of potash (500: 1000: 250 mg) along with VAM (10g), Azospirillum (5g), phosphobacteria (5g) and micronutrient mixture (5g) seedling-1(T9) over the control at 120 DAP. The total N, P and K uptake was increased by 5.00, 1.89 and 3.19 mg seedling-1, more than the control by the same treatment. The available nutrient status was positively influenced by INM treatments compared to the application of organic, inorganic and biofertilizer alone and the control. Application of urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash (1000: 1500: 500 mg seedling-1) along with VAM (10g), Azospirillum (5g), phosphobacteria (5g) and micronutrient mixture (5g) seedling-1(T10) recorded more available of N, P and K due to application of higher dose of fertilizers.
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Imogie, A. E., S. Inikio, M. M. ,. Ugbah, A. Eruaga, O. Aondona, and A. K. Nwawe. "Impact of newly introduced liquid fertilizer as fertilizer for raising oil palm seedlings." Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice 7, no. 4 (2022): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasp2022.380.
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Impact of newly introduced liquid fertilizers on growth and development on oil palm seedlings was investigated at the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research Main Nursery, Benin City for two cropping seasons 2013 and 2014 respectively. The fertilizers investigated are Operon 22:0:0, Advantage 20:20:10, Boost Xtra 20:20:20 and conventional fertilizer NPKMg 12:12:17:2. The trial consists of 9 treatments laid down in Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) in three replicates at zero application (control), 28 g, and 56g per seedling respectively. Treatments were applied at 3, 5 and 8 months after planting and data were collected on seedling height, girth, number of frond production, dry matter yield and percentage of transplantable seedlings at 3, 6 and 12 months after planting. Data collected were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and their mean compared with Turkey’s Honest Significance Difference (THSD) at 5% level of probability. At 3 and 6 months after planting, seedlings treatments had no significant effects on palm height, girth and number of frond production. However, at 9 and 12 months after planting, applied treatments had significant effects on palm height, girth, dry matter yield and the number of transplantable seedlings. The highest palm height (138.5 cm), girth (23.5cm), number of frond production (12), transplantable percentage (97.7%) and dry matter yield (198.5.7 g) were obtained in seedlings that received application of 28 g NPKMg 12:12:17:2, while the least palm height (75.5 cm), number of frond production (11), transplantable percentage (68%) and dry matter yield (105.8 g) was obtained from the control. The performance of seedlings that received fertilizers were all significantly different from the control, this is an indication that the liquid fertilizers Operon 22:0:0, Advantage 20:20:10 and Boost Xtra 20:20:20 could be used as an alternate fertilizer for raising oil palm seedlings when the conventional NPKMg is not readily available.
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Arthur, Alfred, Solomon Acquaye, and Jerome Agbesi Dogbatse. "Effect of some organic, inorganic and foliar fertilizers on the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings raised in soils of contrasting characteristics." Greener Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 6, no. 1 (2019): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3401505.
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<strong>The establishment of cocoa farms has been popular with the use of nursed seedlings in polybags. Availability of fertile topsoil for nursing cocoa seedlings is becoming limited and poor seedling growth of cocoa in the nurseries has been ascribed to the use of unsuitable potting media. A search for an alternative means of raising healthy seedlings at the nursery that will accelerate seedling growth is what this trial investigates. The experiment was laid out in 2 x 5 factorial arranged in Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Two soils, ‘Black soil’ obtained from a refuse dump and topsoil of Wacri series, collected from an old cocoa farm were used. Five fertilizer sources, control, inorganic, organic and two foliar fertilizers were used. Seedlings were raised from mixed hybrid cocoa and assessed at bi-weekly intervals for 14 weeks for growth. Initial soil analyses showed that the Black soil was relatively fertile compared to the Wacri series. Percent seedling emergence was initially higher with the unfertilized soil than the fertilized. Dry matter yields of roots and leaves were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the fertilizer. Application of fertilizers had no significant (p>0.05) effect on stem dry matter yield. Finally, seedlings from the Black soil which had higher initial fertility status performed better than those of Wacri series. With the different fertilizers on the growth performance and dry matter production, foliar fertilizer treatments performed better compared with the organic and inorganic fertilizers. From the experiment, it is concluded that the well decomposed Black soil from the refuse dump remains the best medium for the nursery work, but in the absence of this medium, less fertile topsoil could be used for raising cocoa seedlings and the growth boosted with foliar fertilizers.</strong>
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Arthur, Alfred, Solomon Acquaye, and Dogbatse Jerome Agbesi. "Effect of some organic, inorganic and foliar fertilizers on the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings raised in soils of contrasting characteristics." Greener Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 6, no. 1 (2019): 08–14. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjsspn.2019.1.061819111.
Full textAbstract:
The establishment of cocoa farms has been popular with the use of nursed seedlings in polybags. Availability of fertile topsoil for nursing cocoa seedlings is becoming limited and poor seedling growth of cocoa in the nurseries has been ascribed to the use of unsuitable potting media. A search for an alternative means of raising healthy seedlings at the nursery that will accelerate seedling growth is what this trial investigates. The experiment was laid out in 2 x 5 factorial arranged in Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Two soils, ‘Black soil’ obtained from a refuse dump and topsoil of Wacri series, collected from an old cocoa farm were used. Five fertilizer sources, control, inorganic, organic and two foliar fertilizers were used. Seedlings were raised from mixed hybrid cocoa and assessed at bi-weekly intervals for 14 weeks for growth. Initial soil analyses showed that the Black soil was relatively fertile compared to the Wacri series. Percent seedling emergence was initially higher with the unfertilized soil than the fertilized. Dry matter yields of roots and leaves were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the fertilizer. Application of fertilizers had no significant (p>0.05) effect on stem dry matter yield. Finally, seedlings from the Black soil which had higher initial fertility status performed better than those of Wacri series. With the different fertilizers on the growth performance and dry matter production, foliar fertilizer treatments performed better compared with the organic and inorganic fertilizers. From the experiment, it is concluded that the well decomposed Black soil from the refuse dump remains the best medium for the nursery work, but in the absence of this medium, less fertile topsoil could be used for raising cocoa seedlings and the growth boosted with foliar fertilizers.
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Gao, Lulu, Jinqiang Bai, Jingyao Xu, et al. "Detection of Miss-Seeding of Sweet Corn in a Plug Tray Using a Residual Attention Network." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (2022): 12604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412604.
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With the promotion of artificial intelligence in agriculture and the popularization of plug tray seedling-raising technology, seedling raising and transplanting have become the most popular planting modes. Miss-seeding is one of the most serious problems affecting seedling raising and transplanting. It not only affects the germination rate of seeds but also reduces the utilization rate of the plug tray. The experimental analysis of traditional machine vision-based miss-seeding showed that because of uneven lighting, the plug tray was wrongly identified as a seed under bright light, but the seeds in the dark were not easy to identify. When using the seeding area to identify seeds and noise, sweet corn seeds in a small area can be easily screened out. This paper proposes a method using the ResNet network with an attention mechanism to solve the above-mentioned problems. In this paper, the captured image was segmented into the images of a single plug tray, and a residual attention network was built; the detection scheme of miss-seeding was also converted into a dichotomous picture recognition task. This paper demonstrates that the residual attention network can effectively recognize and detect the seed images of sweet corn with very high accuracy. The results of the experiment showed that the average accuracy of this recognition model was 98%. The feature visualization method was used to analyze the features, further proving the effectiveness of the classification method of plug tray seedlings.
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Parajuli, Monika, Ishan Gautam, Pravin Kumar Mishra, and Prakash Ghimire. "VARIETAL PERFORMANCE OF SPRING RICE SEEDLINGS AGAINST COLD STRESS IN WESTERN TERAI OF NEPAL." Reviews In Food and Agriculture 3, no. 2 (2022): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.02.2022.100.104.
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Rice is an important commodity in Nepalese agriculture occupying 1.46-million-hectare area, where 92% area falls under main (Barkhe) season and 7% under spring (Chaite) season. Among various constraints for spring rice seedling raising, cold stress during early seedling establishment is the major one. To address the problem, an on-station trial entitled “varietal performance of spring rice seedlings against cold stress in Western Terai of Nepal” was conducted from February to March, 2021 at Horticulture research farm of Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi. Research was carried out in Completely Randomized Design with two growing environment (inside and outside polyhouse) as main factor and seven varieties as sub-factor, each replicated three times. Spring rice varieties includes five released varieties (Hardinath-1, Hardinath-3, Hardinath Hybrid-1, Hardinath Hybrid-3, Chaite-5) and two promising varieties (IR-1008 and PR 126). Data related to growth of seedling were collected at one week interval up to 5 weeks. Significant difference was observed within two environmental conditions on days to germination parameters, shoot length, root length, seedling dry weight and leaf area. The values for all the parameters were found maximum in seedlings inside the polyhouse as compared to that of outside polyhouse and in the variety Hardinath – 1. For early transplanting of spring rice, it was found better to choose Hardinath- 1 variety and raise seedlings under polyhouse nursery to escape cold stress.
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Booij, R. "Effect of nitrogen fertilization during raising of cauliflower transplants in cellular trays on plant growth." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 40, no. 1 (1992): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v40i1.16528.
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The effects of N fertilizer applied by overhead irrigation, on cauliflower cv. Andes seedling growth during raising in cellular trays and on plant growth after field transplanting were studied during 1986-87. Increased N concentration (0-1.55 g/litre, applied twice a week) generally increased plant DW, plant height and leaf area, but significantly reduced percentage DM. DM production was greatest at 0.47 g N/litre, but leaf area expansion rate continued to increase beyond this N rate. A linear relationship between leaf area and plant height was observed which was independent of N fertilizer regime and duration of the seedling raising period (6 or 8 weeks). The large differences in plant attributes observed at the end of the seedling raising period had almost disappeared 3 weeks after transplanting in the field. At the final harvest, no significant differences between N treatments was detected for harvesting date, duration of the harvest period, curd quality or yield. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Yulin, Han, Ha Huiquan, Xin Huipu, Zhao Pengxiang, and Shi Xinwei. "STUDIES ON SOILLESS RAISING OF SEEDLING OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 664f—664. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.664f.
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Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni was hydroponically raised on the matrices of sand or slag and sprinkled periodically with three different nutrient solutions (BD, KO, Knop) respectively. The conventional raising method of Hailin state farm was used as the control. The results showed that the seedlings grown on the matrix of sand and sprinkled with Knop nutrient solution were stronger with well-developed root systems, obvious spindle-shaped root tubers, and less plant diseases, no insect pests, and weeds, which was significantly better than the control method in respect to the root length, root fresh weight, stem height, shoot fresh weight, and number of leaves, and significantly better than other treatments in respect to the root length, root fresh weight and stem height. This raising method is worth extending.
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Dai, Jixun, Quanqi Zhang, and Zhenmin Bao. "Genetic breeding and seedling raising experiments with Porphyra protoplasts." Aquaculture 111, no. 1-4 (1993): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90032-t.
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Sarker, Antara, Swadesh Chandra Samanta, and Gopal Saha. "Effect of nitrogen management and seedling raising methods on the productivity of Aus rice under tidal ecosystem of Bangladesh." International Journal of Applied Biology 4, no. 1 (2020): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v4i1.10114.
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The low productivity of Aus rice in the tidal ecosystem of Bangladesh is mainly due to the difficulties in nitrogen (N) management under high tidal water along with unavailability of irrigation water during the onset of rice cultivation. Our present study demonstrated how the productivity of Aus rice could be improved using appropriate seedling raising methods and N management practices. The study was laid out in split plot design consisting two factors viz., seedling raising methods (wet seed bed and dry seed bed) and N management practices (six N treatments) in three replications. Results indicated that both the seedling raising methods and N management practices had significant effect on all the yield contributing characters of transplanted Aus rice under tidal condition. Specifically, the combination of seedlings raised in wet seed bed and fertilized with urea super granule (USG) at 10 days after transplanting (DAT) i.e., N3W showed the best values for plant height (110.33cm), number of effective tillers hill-1 (14.60), days required 50% flowering (53.00 DAT), days to maturity (84.33 DAT), panicle length (23.37 cm), number of filled grain panicle-1 (88.13), 1000-grain weight (43.17 g), grain yield (4.62 tha-1), straw yield (6.07 tha-1), biological yield (10.67 tha-1), and harvest index (43.17%). However, in considering the productivity/ grain yield, besides N3W, the whole urea application at land preparation along with wet seed bed (N1W) and USG application along with dry seed bed (N3D) also produced statistically similar results (p<0.01) and thus all these three combinations may be practiced for improving productivity and ensuring horizontal expansion of Aus rice in the tidal ecosystem of Bangladesh.
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Sharma, Ajay, Bhupal Singh, and Krishan Kumar. "Survival is Critical in Clonal Plantation." Indian Journal of Forestry 28, no. 1 (2005): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2005-459pic.
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Allured by the potential productivity of clonal plants, various agencies including Forest Department are increasingly raising such plantation for boosting productivity of marginal forests and reclaiming degraded lands as well as other difficult sites. The ‘True to the type’ genotype of the clonal plantation dictates productivity but it is ensured by survival per cent in a plantation. In sites having a poor survival history, the well-perceived yield advantages of clonal plantations may dwindle significantly, if its survival dips. Comparison between 8.5-year-old clonal and seedling plantations in a site having deterring physical and chemical soil properties revealed poor survival of clonal plants. Thriving clonal plants grew as per the popular notions and accumulated non-significantly higher G50, GBH, height and wood biomass per plant than seedlings, till 7.5 years age. In ninth year, rising casualty in clonal plants reversed the growth pattern and higher wood biomass yield was observed in seedling plants. Also, GBH:G50 ratio, which usually indicated similar growth in clonal and seedling trees, titled in favour of seedling plans.
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Kwon, Hyuck-Hwan, Hye-Jin Oh, Jin-Ho Kim, and Sang-Yong Kim. "Development of Raising Seedling Technology for Veronica pyrethrina Nakai Using Plug Trays." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 24, no. 5 (2021): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2021.24.5.499.
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Background and objective This study was carried out to develop an effective technique for raising seedlings of <italic>Veronica pyrethrina</italic> Nakai, a native plant species in the Korean Peninsula, in plug trays. Methods To investigate the optimum plug cell size and sowing media, we sowed seed in to plug trays with 34, 21, and 10 mL cells and filled with a commercial horticultural substrate and mixtures of peatmoss and perlite in 1:1, 3:1, and 4:1 ratios. Fertilization levels were set at 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg • L<sup>−1</sup>. Results Plug cell size did not significantly influence the seedling growth of <italic>V. pyrethrina</italic>. By substrate type, the growth rate was highest in the horticultural substrate, followed by 4:1, 3:1, and 1:1. Growth by fertilization level was higher in all fertilized treatment groups than in the control group, and there was no difference among 500, 1000, and 2000 mg • L<sup>−1</sup>. Conclusion The results of this study proved that it is most suitable for raising seedlings of <italic>V. pyrethrina</italic> to sow the seeds in a 10 mL cell plug tray filled with horticultural substrates, and apply fertilizers with less than 500 mg • L<sup>−1</sup> concentration.
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Ren, Maofei, Shanzhen Liu, Chengzhu Tang, et al. "Photomorphogenesis and Photosynthetic Traits Changes in Rice Seedlings Responding to Red and Blue Light." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (2023): 11333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411333.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of red and blue lights on the photomorphogenesis and photosynthetic traits of rice seedlings. The rice seedlings were cultured with red light (R), blue light (B), combined red and blue lights (R3B1/R1B1/R3B1), and white light (CK) as the control. The combined application of red and blue lights could promote the growth of rice seedlings to varying degrees; enhance photosynthesis by increasing the seedling leaf area, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence; improve root characteristics by increasing root number, root volume, and root activity; and thus increase the dry matter accumulation of rice seedlings. In addition, the combination of red and blue lights could regulate the expression of genes related to photosynthesis in rice leaves, affect the activity of the Rubisco enzyme, and then affect the photosynthesis of rice seedlings. These results indicate that red and blue lights have direct synergistic effects, which can regulate the growth of rice seedlings and promote the morphogenesis of rice seedlings. The combined application of red and blue lights can be used to supplement the light in rice-factory seedling raising.
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K.N. SINGH, PARMEET SINGH, LAL SINGH, RAIHANA H. KANTH, and FAROOQ A. AGA. "Influence of nursery raising methods, age of seedling and planting dates on rice (Oryza sativa) under temperate Kashmir." Indian Journal of Agronomy 57, no. 4 (2001): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v57i4.4649.
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Field experiments were conducted during 2006 and 2007 to study nursery raising methods, seedling age and transplanting dates of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under temperate Kashmir valley. Treatments comprised two trans- planting dates (25 May and 20 June), two nursery types (Protected and Modified protected) and three seedling age (20, 35 and 50 days old), which were evaluated by split plot design. Simultaneously in the same medium (as in field conditions) pot study was carried out. All the defined seedling ages along with direct seeding were evalu- ated under pot conditions by CRD. 25 May transplanting out yielded 25 June transplanting by 58.5% and 58.3% during both the years. Similarly, modified protected nursery out yielded protected nursery by 3.5 % and 4.25 %. 20 and 35 days old seedling recorded grain yield increase over 50 days seedling by 9.78 and 6.14 % in 2006 and 10.64 and 7.51 % in 2007. However, older seedling performed better under late transplanting than younger seed- lings. Under pot studies, root length, root weight and root volume recorded significant decreasing trend with in- creased seedling age. Early transplanting, modified protected nursery and younger seedling recorded less trans- planting shock, which in turn increases net profit and B:C ratio.
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Yang, Wang, Jian Yang, Hui Ruan, Zhao Xin Liang, and Jian Lin Mo. "Vibration Parameters Optimization Experiment on Seeder of Rice Bud-Seed for Field Seedling Raising Based on Virtual Prototyping Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.456.
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The seeder of rice bud-seed for field seedling raising is a new seedling equipment for field seedling raising, which is a complicated vibration system with multi-freedom. And the effect of the vibration parameters and interactions on the vibration velocity at different locations of the moving rail of two electromagnetic vibration metering devices which are installed side by side is large, and the passing rate of seeding is affected. In this paper, the virtual prototype of seeder of rice bud-seed for field seedling raising is established by ANSYS and ADAMS. The virtual prototype is developed to carry out dynamics simulation by using four-factor quadratic regression orthogonal rotary combination design. Mathematical models of influencing factors of vibration and variation coefficient of vibration velocity, and the factors and average velocity of seeding are established. The factors are optimized. And optimal combination of vibration influencing factors and the variation coefficient of vibration velocity interval with 95% reliability are achieved. The result shows that optimal combination of factors is achieved under the condition that the excitation force amplitude is 39.8N, vibration frequency is 32.7Hz, the velocity is 58.5mm/s, stiffness of vibration isolating rubber pad is 1167N/mm. The corresponding variation coefficient of the vibration velocity is 6.287%, and the average seeding velocity is 18mm/s. The variation coefficient of the vibration velocity interval with 95% reliability is from 2.909% to 9.665%.
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Bhat, Gh, Vaishnu Dutt, J. Mugloo, Gowhar Parray, and Amerjeet Singh. "Use of organic manure and microbial Inoculants for production of qualitative containerised seedlings of Cedrus deodara and Cupressus torulosa." Indian Journal of Forestry 34, no. 1 (2011): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2011-zrgr6a.
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The containerised seedling production technology, especially use of polypacks/root trainers is dependent on suitable growing media for raising quality seedlings. In the present investigation, experiments were carried out to find out the suitable potting mixture for raising Cedrus deodara and Cupressus torulosa seedlings. Out of eight media used M6 (Forest Soil: Sand: Pisolinthus tinctorius) supported maximum survival of (75.05 and 78.40) percent, plant height (14.60 and 17.46) cm, collar diameter (1.96 and 1.99) mm, shoot to root ratio (3.82 and 3.92), plant dry weight g/plant of (1.82 and 1.91) in Cedrus deodara and Cupressus torulosa respectively. In root trainers the morphological characters viz. Plant survival (80.00 and 79.15) percent, plant height (13.16 and 17.23) cm, collar diameter (2.25 and 2.47) mm, shoot to root ratio (2.82 and 3.36), plant dry weight g/plant of (1.76 and 1.77) were maximum in Cedrus deodara and Cupressus torulosa respectively in 300 cc root trainer size.
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Ruan, Shaoyi, Feida Wu, Rifang Lai, Xiangru Tang, Haowen Luo, and Longxin He. "Preliminary Application of Vermicompost in Rice Production: Effects of Nursery Raising with Vermicompost on Fragrant Rice Performances." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (2021): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061253.
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Vermicompost is an excellent organic fertilizer, but the application of vermicompost in fragrant rice production has not yet been reported. Seedling nursery is an important component of rice production. The present study firstly applied vermicompost in fragrant rice production through nursery raising. The seedlings of three fragrant rice cultivars were raised in matrix with different rations of vermicompost (the treatment without vermicompost was taken as the control), and the growth parameters and physiological characters of seedlings were investigated. The results showed that, compared with the control, the application of vermicompost significantly (p < 0.05) increased the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of fragrant rice seedlings by 11.22–24.73%, 38.34–65.87%, 16.74–30.46%, and 16.61–35.16%, respectively. Nursery raising with vermicompost significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the net photosynthetic rate by 5.99–12.93%, relative to the control. Higher contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll were recorded in vermicompost treatments than in the control. Compared with the control, vermicompost treatments also increased root length, surface area, mean diameter, root volume, root tip number, and root activity of fragrant rice seedlings by 12.42–27.82%, 15.04–38.65%, 12.64–23.12%, 42.41–63.58%, 18.62–24.95%, and 12.01–26.29%, respectively. Moreover, nursery raising with vermicompost enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide, peroxidase, and catalase by 7.97–24.21%, 17.11–44.99%, and 7.37–15.95%, respectively, relative to the control. Moreover, 7.92–29.40% lower malondialdehyde contents were recorded in vermicompost treatments compared with the control. Therefore, nursery raising with vermicompost could be a good agronomy practice in machine-transplanted fragrant rice.
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Mi, Ze-yuan, Ding-hao Lv, Guang-hui Jiang, Jun-feng Niu, Shi-qiang Wang, and Zhe-zhi Wang. "Establishment of a Rapid Breeding System for Bletilla striata." HortScience 56, no. 4 (2021): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15598-20.
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Bletilla striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Rchb. f., a species of perennial herb of orchidaceae that has remarkable effects and high economic value, has been intensively studied by many scholars. Although this herb has many seeds, the germination rate is exceptionally low, which leads to decreased germplasm resources and increased market demand every year. To solve this problem, this study examined the aseptic germination system and the direct seeding technology system. On Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 2.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 1.0 mg/L naphthylacetic acid (NAA) were added before seed germination, and 70 g/L banana juice and 0.5 mg/L NAA were added when rooting. Then, the seedlings were transplanted to a mixed substrate of humus, river sand, and bark (volume ratio of 3:1:1). The direct seeding system consists of substrate treatment, sowing, seedling raising, seedling growth, and transplanting. Turfy soil, Huangjiang residue, and river sand were selected as the substrate. The results revealed that the germination rate was increased to 91.8%, whereas the plantlet regeneration was increased to 82.0%. After 180 days of cultivation, the plants could be transplanted as finished seedlings. The establishment of B. striata seedling system provides a safe, rapid, reliable production technology route for industrial development.
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Singh, Devi, and Vijay Bahadur. "Effect of Various Nursery Media on Onion Seedlings Development." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 2, no. 2 (2007): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v2i2.628.
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A field experiment was conducted to standardize the nursery raising technique for onion at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University, Allahabad, during 2005-2006. The treatments comprised combinations of soil, sand, FYM and vermicompost. Altogether, 14 treatments were applied in a randomized block design with three replications. Hundred percent germination was found with a combination of soil, sand and FYM in proportions of 2:1:2&2:2:1, and, 1:1:1&2:2:1 Soil:Sand:Vermicompost. Among all the treatments, the combination of soil 2 parts, sand 1 part and FYM 2 parts, significantly influenced growth and health of seedlings and produced the maximum seedling height (11.42 cm), stem diameter (0.33 cm), root length (10.86 cm), shoot fresh weight (6.96 g), root fresh weight (3.22 g), total seedling fresh weight (10.18 g), shoot dry weight (3.95 g), root dry weight (1.53 g) and total seedling dry weight (5.48g). Highest benefit:cost ratio of 3.72 was also seen in this treatment combination.
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Usman Bashar, Zubairu, Aimrun Wayayok, M. S. M. Amin, and Mohammad Razif Mahadi. "Single Seedling Nursery Tray: An Innovative Breakthrough to Quality Seedling Raising Technique for SRI Transplanting Machine." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 10, no. 11 (2015): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.10.1820.
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Ko, Ba-Ul, 바울 고, Jong Hyang Bae, et al. "Seedling Qualities of Watermelon as Affected by Different Raising Seedling Period and Growth Characteristics after Planting." Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory 26, no. 2 (2017): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12791/ksbec.2017.26.2.56.
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Biswas, Benukar, S. R. Patra, J. Timsina, et al. "Climate Change-Resilient Rice Production Technology: A High Yielding, Water Efficient and Remunerative Option for South Asian Farmers." Global Journal of Agricultural and Allied Sciences 1, no. 1 (2019): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35251/gjaas.2019.003.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in South Asia is increasingly threatened by the erratic nature of onset of monsoon rain and climate change. Wide variance in rainfall pattern affects the timing of nursery raising and transplanting later in the main field. Existing rice cultivation practices such as direct seeded rice using drum seeder (DSR), system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional transplanting (CT) are not able to address the production problems adequately. Therefore, we developed a package of practices - Climate Change-Resilient Rice Production Technology (CRRPT) - which allows keeping rice seedlings in the seedbed for an extended period to synchronize with the onset of monsoon rain. On-station trials during 2015-2016 comparing CRRPT with DSR, SRI and CT demonstrated that in CRRPT the seedlings can be maintained successfully in the seedbed for up to 55 days while achieving the equivalent yield of CT (30 days seedling) because of improved plant vigour. The CRRPT seedlings of 25 d and 35 d gave 22% and 11% more yield compared to CT (30 d seedling). Total water requirement in CRRPT was reduced by 20%, 14% and 13% in case of 55d, 45d and 35 d seedling, respectively, compared to that for CT (30 d seedling). In an on-farm study with 120 farmers’ fields in West Bengal during 2017-2018, average yield increased by 32% and net profit increased by 96%. Thus, CRRPT is remunerative, water efficient, climate change-resilient and can be easily adopted in the farmers’ fields. Results demonstrate that there is wide scope for its adoption for sustainable rice production in West Bengal and South Asia.
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Yi, Shujuan, Ge Zhang, Yifei Li, Bohai Li, Laisheng Luo, and Peng Wang. "Design and Experiment of a Fully Automatic Plate Lifting Machine for Rice Hard Disk Seedling Cultivation." Agriculture 13, no. 10 (2023): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101929.
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To mitigate the challenges associated with labor intensity and labor expenses in the rice seedling-raising process within greenhouses located in northern China, a comprehensive solution was developed in the form of a completely automated rice seedling-raising machine. The investigation of the first procedure was carried out through the utilization of EDEM software to ascertain the most favorable range of parameters. Performance tests were conducted on the automatic lifting machine designed for rice hard disk seedling cultivation. Based on the findings of the regression model, it can be inferred that when the rake angle is set at 21.278°, the locomotive speed is 0.333 m/s, and the longitudinal conveyor speed is 0.17 m/s, the completeness rate of seed trays reaches 99.48%. Additionally, the lifting efficiency is measured at 510 trays per hour, while the disk jam rate stands at 0.4%. These results indicate that the lifting machine satisfies the specified requirements.
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Badshah, M. A., M. R. Hasan, T. K. Roy, and M. A. Rahman. "Effect of Polythene Covering on Seedling Quality and It’s Carryover Effect on Field Duration and Grain Yield of Rice." Bangladesh Rice Journal 26, no. 1 (2023): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v26i1.66595.
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Boro rice cultivation is often limit due to lack of a farmer's friendly technique for raising quality seedling in irrigated ecosystem. Experiment was conducted in Boro 2019-20 at R/S Rangpur to compare different polythene covering treatment on raising quality seedling of BRRI dhan88 and BRRI dhan89 and to measure it’s carryover effect on growth duration and grain yield of rice. The treatments were as T1: Day polythene cover (from10:00 am to Sunset), T2: Night polythene cover (Sunset to Sunrise), T3: Day-night polythene cover but round shape opening (30 cm diameter) at both sides and T4: No polythene cover (control). Seedbed was covered by transparent polythene from seeding to 30 days after seeding (DAS). Seedling strength was higher on 01 December seeding than 15 December in both the tested varieties. Day cover always had the lowest seedling strength in both varieties. Day-night polythene cover treatment (T3) produced significantly tallest seedling than other polythene covering treatments for both the plantings dates. Seedling mortality was higher in 30 January planting than 15 January planting for both the tested varieties due to prevailing low temperature (below 10°C for eight days). In 15 January planting, BRRI dhan88 and BRRI dhan89 produced higher number of tillers with day cover and night cover treatment, respectively. In 30 January planting, BRRI dhan88 produced higher tiller with day-night and control treatment but day cover had the lowest. Tiller production rate was sharply increased from 35 – 45 DAT and then decreased. Up to 45 DAT, it was statistically similar in both the varietiers with all treatments. Although, tiller number was higher in T1, T2 and T4 than T3 but productive tiller (%) was satistically similar among the treatments for both the varieties and planting dates. There was no significant difference in grain yield among the treatments for planting dates and varieties. Day-night polythene cover treatment (T3) reduces growth duration by 2-3 days over other treatments. This treatment (T3) is farmer's friendly for raising quality seedling in cold prone areas of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice J.26 (1): 59-68, 2022
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KUWABARA, Tutomu, and Yosihisa ISII. "The inter-relationship among the kinds of seedling pot, seedling operation and planting operation in raising lettuce." Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research 24, no. 3 (1989): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.24.282.
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Alam, M. Z., M. Ahmed, M. S. Alam, M. E. Haque ., and M. S. Hossin . "Performance of Seedling Ages and Seedling Raising Techniques on Yield and Yield Components of Transplant Aman Rice." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 11 (2002): 1214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2002.1214.1216.
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Dulal, Puspa Raj, Santosh Marahatta, Shrawan Kumar Sah, and Lal Prasad Amgain. "Modified Nursery Structures: An Approach to Grow Rice Seedlings in Winter for Early Spring Planting." Agronomy Journal of Nepal 7 (July 10, 2023): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v7i.62269.
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Raising rice seedlings in cold winter months for subsequent early spring transplanting has a great challenge in rice-rice cropping system in Nepal. An essential technological intervention involves modifying the rice nursery structure to create an optimal environment that supports proper germination and seedling growth during the cold season. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of different nursery structures on the germination and growth of rice seedlings in the farmer’s field at Sunwal-12, Bhumahi, Nawalparasi West, from 21st of January- 19th of February, 2021, 2021. The experiment was executed in randomized complete block (RCB) design with 8 different raised bed (1m × 1m) structures as treatments, namely T1: open uncovered beds, T2: plastic tunnel covered beds, T3: mat bed under plastic tunnel, T4: plastic trayunder plastic tunnel, T5: Plastic tray under open condition, T6: Open bed with removal of dew, T7: Ash covered beds and T8: Plastic sheet covered beds. Each treatment was repeated three times. The spring rice variety Chaite-5 was sown at the rate of 60 g m-2, with dry seeds being evenly distributed in rows spaced 10 cm apart. The beds were fertilized at the rate of 1 kg N, 0.8 kg P2O5 and 0.8 kg K2O 100 m-2. Soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm were monitored regularly at two time points each day, specifically at 8 am and 4 pm, until 30 days after sowing (DAS). The results revealed that the germination index, average height, and above ground weight were significantly higher (40.57, 9.81 cm and 78.67 gm-2, respectively) for the beds under tunnel (T2). Seedlings grown in trays under tunnel exhibited statistically similar plant heights. The highest seedling population m-2 (288% more compared to open beds) was obtained in trays (both open and under tunnel). Trays and mat beds under tunnel recorded higher soil temperature in the morning and evening, as well as higher air temperatures and relative humidity. These favorable conditions were met approximately 16-17 days earlier compared to the uncovered beds. Therefore, the practice of covering seedling beds with plastic tunnels, growing rice seedlings in plastic trays and utilizing mat beds were the better ways for raising rice seedlings in cold environments for early spring transplanting. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v7i1.62269