Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ralentissement de la productivité'
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Verlhac, Rudy. "Macroeconomic dynamics : employment, productivity, and the role of frictions." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E041.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with two major economic challenges of the past decade. The first two chapters deal with the employment effects of financial crises and the third one focuses on the secular productivity slowdown and rising firm inequality. The first chapter investigates the role of financial conditions for employment dynamics, by revisiting Okun’s law relationship and its potential asymmetry. It shows that Okun’s law asymmetry doesn’t occur during all recessions but only when these episodes are associated with financial disruptions. This chapter suggests that the asymmetry in Okun’s law is possibly related to the directeffects of financial constraints on firms’ labour demand, in line with the mechanism discussed by Jermann and Quadrini (2012).The second chapter focuses on the 2008-9 global financial crisis and identifies the effect of liquidity constraints on employmentrelated to the aforementioned mechanism. This chapter uses unique data from the DynEmp project (OECD), and exploits thesemicro-aggregated data based on the universe of firms for 13 countries. This chapter shows that liquidity constraints affect employment mainly through the job destruction margin. The third chapter focuses on the recent productivity slowdown, taking into account firm hetero geneity, thanks to the MultiProd dataset (OECD) that provides a detailed accounting of productivity dynamics for the universe of firms in a large number of countries. This chapter focuses on firms at the bottom of the productivity distribution, laggards, and highlights a slow diffusion of technology and knowledge, due to barriers related to the digital transformation
Lemelin, Sophie. "Ralentissement cognitif dans la dépression majeure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60730.pdf.
Full textDantchev, Nicolas. "Facteurs circadiens et ralentissement psychomoteur depressif." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066640.
Full textBrand, Gérard. "A propos du ralentissement chez l'enfant depressif." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA2026.
Full textMiazza, Patrick. "Simulation numérique du ralentissement d'ions dans la matière /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=932.
Full textFribergh, Alexander. "Marches aléatoires en milieux aléatoires et phénomènes de ralentissement." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653469.
Full textBret, Antoine. "Ralentissement d'agrégats chargés par les électrons libres d'un plasma." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112482.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of vicinity in the slowing down of an aggregate in a free electron gas at any temperature. We first introduce the linear response formalism used for the problem. We then determine the distances for point-like and separated behavior, as well as some analytical expressions for the stopping power in various limits of temperature and velocity. This formalism is then applied to calculate the stopping of a di-cluster, an extended ion, a C60 molecule, and finally an N-ions chain. We then examine vicinity effects on the energy dispersion and establish a simple model for the deformation of an ion ring crossing the plasma vacuum interface. Finally, the stopping power is studied for an electron gas confined in a plane. After having calculated the dielectric constant at any temperature in the Random Phase Approximation, we calculate the stopping power such a gas
Smith, Mark. "Pathophysiologie cognitive du ralentissement depressif : description clinique, analyse, mesure." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066635.
Full textTetaert, Marlène. "Frustration dynamique et ralentissement critique dans un cristal vitreux." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-289.pdf.
Full textCERECEDA, CARLO. "Ralentissement de particules chargees d'origine thermonucleaire dans un plasma magnetise." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112065.
Full textPICHON, MAURICE. "Ralentissement depressif et systemes noradrenergiques : resultats d'un essai metapramine versus fluvoxamine." Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET6026.
Full textBonin-Guillaume, Sylvie. "Etude clinique et comportementale du ralentissement psychomoteur chez le sujet âgé dépressif." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20655.
Full textPsychomotor retardation (PMR) is a fundamental feature of depressive illness but also atypical clinical presentations of depression in the elderly. It is poorly recognized because of the common confusion with age-related slowing. We hypothesized that PMR associated to depression differed from normal aging. We performed two reaction time experiments using an additive factor analysis in healthy and depressed old individuals. Age-related slowing affects all the central nervous system information processing stages while only response-selection and motor-adjustment stages are functional targets prolonged by depression. As in younger adults, depression spares stimulus preprocessing in old individuals. Then, we validated the Retardation Rating Scale (RRS) in 165 old inpatients (107 were depressed). The RRS, an objective tool that measures psychic and motor aspects of PMR, shows good psychometric properties and allows a better detection of depression than standard depression scales in this geriatric sample. We also validated a short version of the RRS, considering the four most relevant items. The identification and the measure of the PMR in geriatric depression will improve our knowledge about neurobiological pathways underlying depressive illness, the treatment efficacy evaluation and the detection of depression in the elderly
Royer, Jimmy. "Productivité et rétention de travail." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31790.pdf.
Full textBoumlak, Hind. "Vieillissement et ralentissement psychomoteur : effet de l’âge sur une activité psychomotrice fine : l’écriture." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082830.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to investigate the effect of cognitif aging on a fine psychomotor activity. We focused on handwriting speed that we measured in several handwriting tasks requiring progressively psychomotor and complex cognitive processes. One-hundred and thirty-four participants aged 20 to 80 years old carried out four tasks that differently engaged psychomotor and cognitive processes. The aim of the first expriment, Letter Production («llll», «eeee», «lele»), was to study the effect of aging on motor processus. Experiment 2: Word Copy (80 words: short and long length; low and high frequency), Experiment 3: Word Production (high familiar words and alphabetic numbers) and Experiment 4: Word Production embedded in a Working Memory Task (alphabetic numbers), aimed to acess the effect of aging in words handwriting. The results show depending on the units to write (letters or words), and the processus involved in the handwriting task, a handwriting slowing speed appears from 50 years old. The findings of this work on handwriting evidences a psychomotor slowing associated with increased age
Francois, Pierre. "Etude du mecanisme de ralentissement de vitesse de chute de spheres en ecoulement oscillatoire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13213.
Full textRascol-Boutard, Sylvie. "La performance dans un contexte interorganisationnel : une approche interprétative et interactionniste du pilotage : Le cas des dispositifs d'aide à l'insertion." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20174.
Full textLe, Maître Didier. "Evaluation de la performance et comportements opportunistes dans les centres de responsabilite." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN11014.
Full textA department manager can benefit from convenient opportunities so as to obtain a favourable appreciation of his activity which does not correspond to his effort. The aim of this thesis is to answer the following question : does the functioning of french firms in the field of performance evaluation allow them to effectively limit the consequences of such behavior? Its first part, devoted to a study of four theories (theories of agency, of cost transaction, of regulation and of public choice) and of two management tools (quality and activity-based costing), shows a capacity of responsibility centers to adopt efficient opportunistic attitudes, but also an aptitude of the hierarchy to reduce their effects and to use its power to satisfy its own interests. The second part, devoted to empirical studies, includes an overview of state-of-the- art research (the ten studies analysed reveal divergent points of view concerning the efficiency of the departments opportunistic behavior) and the results of our two research surveys (one conducted in three companies in 1992 and the other is a post inquiry survey concentrating on responsibility center managers in 1993). Those two research surveys reveal a reduced liberty of the departments and the hierarchy's use of its power to increase its performance. Our thesis concludes on the ineffectiveness of opportunistic practices of the department managers to change the level of their appreciation, because of the attitudes of their hierarchy and the firm's management. The latter seem more able to use opportunistic practices to satisfy their own interests
Buisson, Marie-Laure. "La légitimité intra-organisationnelle des pratiques de gestion : le cas de l'introduction de l'évaluation et de la rémunération des performances dans les organismes de sécurité sociale français." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32074.
Full textThis research aims to contribute to the construction of the concept of intra-organizational legitimacy of business practices. Even though several theories and empirical studies on organizational legitimacy have been carried out, the legitimacy conferred by internal stakeholders remains unexplored. However, neo-institutionalism emphasizes the intra-organizational difficulties caused by searching for an external legitimacy, and calls for further developments. The study of the introduction of performance and incentive management practices within three French public organizations enables us to observe the intra-organizational legitimacy at work. The results, which are obtained through a qualitative-type study, put forward a diversity and a variability of the different types of legitimacy depending on the organization in question, but a relative homogeneity regarding individual’s characteristics. Consequently, there may be a relationship between organizational values and intra-organizational legitimacy. Moreover, the results confirm that intra-organizational legitimacy is a real management issue. Indeed, the way managers introduce new HRM tools into specific organizational contexts is more important than the tools themselves. Furthermore, cognitive intra-organizational legitimacy of new practices seems essential. Without it, the appropriation of new tools won’t take place. Finally, by adopting management tools from the private sector, public organizations adapt themselves to institutional pressures and try to acquire a new kind of “business legitimacy”. But this diffusion of tools among organizations directly questions their transferability, and puts forward the importance to manage intra-organizational legitimacy of recently adopted tools
Lauro, Romain. "protocoles adiabatiques pour le ralentissement et le stockage de la lumière dans un cristal de Tm:YAG." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550157.
Full textHerault, Joël. "Etude expérimentale du ralentissement d'ions lourds de 20 à 100 MeV par nucléon dans la matière." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614256q.
Full textHérault, Joël. "Etude experimentale du ralentissement d'ions lourds de 20 a 100 mev par nucleon dans la matiere." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30075.
Full textLauro, Romain. "Protocoles adiabatiques pour le ralentissement et le stockage de la lumière dans un cristal de TmYAG." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112137.
Full textMany laboratories work on the development of quantum memories, a key element of the quantum information systems of the future. The quantum memories for light should play an important role in quantum communication networks over long distances. The memory consists in a set of atoms where the state of the light signal is transferred, the memory must be able to save this state for a sufficiently long time, then to return it with efficiency and fidelity. To date, the effort has focused on protocols related to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), implemented in clouds of atoms cooled by laser. I worked on an alternative system, the rare earth ions in crystalline matrix (RIMC). Ln these materials, ions are strictly motionless. Moreover, the Iifetime of quantum superposition states, carrying the information stored is very long at low temperatures. The inhomogeneous broadening of optical transitions, however, clearly distinguishes the RIMC laser cooled atoms. Taking advantage of this feature, I propose an original storage protocol, that we investigate both experimentally and theoretically
Zheng, Yu. "Productivité de l'agriculture française et volatilité des prix." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARE051/document.
Full textThe EU has adopted many reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the past decades. Price support has decreased, and decoupled payments have been introduced. As a result, European agricultural prices have become more volatile, in line with world prices.This dissertation measures the evolution of the productivity of French agriculture in a dynamic stochastic farm decision model in the new economic context with increased price volatility. On this basis, it studies the dynamic link between price risk, farmer decisions, and productivity in the structural estimation framework. The literature review in Chapter 2 describes productivity as a residual and emphasizes the measurement issues from the unobserved capital data series and the endogeneity problem in primal estimation.Chapter 3 compares the numerical methods to solve and estimate nonlinear dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) or DSGE-like models, in which capital and productivity are latent state variables. Chapter 4 estimates productivity in a dynamic stochastic decision model based on the generalized maximum entropy (GME) approach. We show that the productivity growth in French agriculture has slowed down and become more volatile following the rise in price volatility. Overall, price risk has an impact on productivity in the way that when exposed to high risks, farmers change their production, consumption, investment and financial borrowing decisions, which in turn affects the realized productivity negatively. Chapter 5 simulates the market impacts of the CAP instruments in a dynamic GTAP-AGR CGE mode
Doumbia, Abdoulaye. "La relation entre productivité et exportation des firmes." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0011.
Full textThis thesis discusses the links between exporting and firms’ productivity. Precisely, we characterize the differentiated behaviours of firms that enter for the first time into export markets. This work has been carried in the context of a North-South comparison in order to reveal whether the effects of self-selection and learning-by-exporting differ between industrialized countries (IC) and less developed countries (LDC). In Chapter 1, I propose a selective review of the recent theoretical models of international trade with heterogeneous firms. In Chapter 2, I pursue with a review of the empirical literature that focus on the comparison between IC and LDC in terms of ex ante and ex post export premia. Finally, in Chapter 3, I propose an empirical analysis using a large database on French firms in order to detect, in the case of France, the learning to export effects beyond the traditionally studied effects of self-selection and learning-by-exporting. This research covers 24 manufacturing sectors that differ in their technological intensities. Our main result is that the learning to export effects do indeed exist in French Low Tech industries where competition is essentially done by “costs”. We thus show that French firms, which operate in those sectors, have experienced large structural transformations prior to their entry into the export markets
Boussemart, Jean-Philippe. "Production capital productivité et endettement de l'agriculture française." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010048.
Full textRey-robert, Benoit. "Étude des marqueurs communs du vieillissement cognitif et sensori-moteur : l'exemple du ralentissement du traitement de l'information." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4038/document.
Full textThe starting point of this work was to realize that, when looking at aging research, studies are split in a multitude of domains, paradigms and theories resulting in a vast puzzle of knowledge. However, at the behavioral level, despite obvious differences between field of studies, there are empirical results showing common evolution between functional systems during the aging process. It is notably the case for cognitive and sensorimotor tasks. For example, when speed is the performance criterion, elderly are slower than their younger counterparts; there are also more variable and less adaptable as difficulty increases. These phenomenons can be observed in both cognitive and sensorimotor domain. More generally, correlation between performance in different functional domain increases through aging, and most notably between the cognitive and sensorimotor domain (Schäfer et al., 2006 ; Lindenberger & Ghisletta, 2009). We thus wanted to understand how and why those common behavioral phenomenon were observed. A considered hypothesis is that there would come from structural and functional modifications of the central nervous system which would become less and less differentiated through the course of aging (Reuter-Lorenz & Park, 2010 ; Heuninckx et al., 2005). We wanted to explore this hypothesis. At the start of our work, to our knowledge there was no theoretical framework explaining the compression of the cognitive and sensorimotor system in one less differentiated
Bouland, Olivier. "Amelioration du calcul de l'autoprotection des resonances resolues par un traitement quasi exact du ralentissement des neutrons." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112073.
Full textComes, Christine. "Analyse des mesures de l'efficacité." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020117.
Full textBen, Salah Wided. "Contrats incitatifs, pratiques organisationnelles, TIC et productivité du travail." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491975.
Full textRondé-Oustau, Isabelle. "Coût et productivité de la navigation aérienne en France." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10018.
Full textThis doctoral thesis comes with the scope of researches in economy of air traffic control. In a context of airspace congestion it is necessary to understand and analyse economic environment of air navigation services. A cost frontier estimation allowing this analyse realsation is applied to the French case
Nedjahi, Abdellah. "La cedraie de chrea (atlas Blidéen) : Phénologie, productivité, régénération." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10196.
Full textVoropanova, Ekaterina. "Productivité du consommateur dans son magasinage et technologies mobiles." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G002.
Full textThis PhD dissertation explores consumer shopping productivity under the influence of mobile technology. First, a multidisciplinary review of productivity literature emphasized the polysemy of productivity concept and some specific features of its definition in service industry. A comparative analysis of consumer productivity literature highlights the diversity of approaches to the analysis of consumer productivity and of its measures, and the relevance to revisit this concept in the digital world, taking into account the specific features of mobile technology.To do so, we realized a qualitative study by 31 semi-structured interviews. The verbatim analysis by means of NVivo software resulted in an extended conceptualization of consumer productivity, including temporal efficiency, monetary efficiency, and efficacy. Based on the literature review and the qualitative study results, we proposed a conceptual model of consumer productivity under the influence of mobile technologies, presenting the antecedents of consumer productivity dimensions and their impact on consumer satisfaction.Finally, a sample of 300 individuals was used to test this model in the context of apparel shopping. The data were analyzed by the structural equations modelling partial least squares with Smart PLS software. The results of the quantitative study confirm the positive impact of consumer productivity on satisfaction. The relations between efficacy and temporal efficiency were moderated by the frequency of the use of smartphone in apparel shopping. The results allowed us to identify the antecedents of consumer productivity: polychronic orientation, time consciousness, price consciousness, implication, attitude towards mobile technologies, and the choice of marketing channels in shopping trips. In the light of the results of the two studies, we argue for the relevance of consumer productivity management approach for retailers exploiting the vast opportunities offered by mobile technologies
Ben, Abed Jalila. "Présence étrangère - Productivité - Salaire : tests économétriques sur données individuelles temporelles des industries manufacturières en Tunisie." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0088.
Full textWe evaluate impact of foreign presence on productivity and wage levels in the Turusian manufacturing sectors. A production function model is developed using a panel data set. Two statistical models: Hausman and Taylor (198 1) and system GMM were used. Our estimates have confirmed that FDI plays a positive role in increasing industrial productivity, implying that the government should increase their efforts to encourage inward investment. A more intensive foreign presence in a local labor market does not seem to be associated with levels of higher wages in domestic enterprises
Vankeersbilck, Aurélie. "La productivité dans les services publics locaux : le cas du Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12019/document.
Full textThe performance evaluation in public services has become an important issue in our society today. In industrial and agricultural economies, the concept of productivity was one of the key concepts to measure the performance because it describes a technical performance that poses few problems when dealing with standardized products. However, the advent of the service economy has helped to undermine, if not the relevance of this concept, at least its measurement methods. Indeed, in services, the "real product" is often difficult to grasp. The aim of this subject is to study the productivity issue in services activities to account for the difficulties encountered. We try also to show that this application of this concept presents news obstacles in regard to public services, including local public services, because the specificities of these services. For this, we will try to take stock of various debates on the issue of productivity in services. Then we will take an empirical investigation on the local public services of Nord-Pas-de-Calais area with three main objectives: identify the main "products" in these services, identify performance indicators used and their limits and identify strategies implemented to improve performance. With helps of meetings and researches, we will try to propose new indicators to evaluate the performance of services and new strategies to improve performances
Dosmagambet, Yergali. "Capacité d'absorption technologique et dynamique de productivité. Application au Kazakhstan." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00306570.
Full textAl, Masri Kamal. "Les impacts de l'E-biseness sur la productivité des entreprises." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21004.
Full textOur research is aimed at studying the impact of e-business on industrial performance. As an indicator of performance, we retain the measure of productivity. Our work suggests that e-business leads to a reorganization of economic activities, which is a factor of productivity. We studied the theoretical foundations of productivity gains obtained by e-business. The main analytical tool used is the theory of transaction costs. To verify the contribution of e-business in the industrial world, we studied two sectors: electricity and vehicle manufacturing. The results of our analyses show that e-business allows for significant productivity gains, particularly because of the improved coordination between the economic agents. To be able to measure exactly the contribution of e-business in terms of productivity gains, we propose a model in the form of a Cobb-Douglas production function. This model is adapted from several works based on the theory of endogenous growth. The main idea is that e-business constitutes an organizational change (similar to technological change) which can act on the production function. The model thus integrates a variable representing this technological change. We replace this variable by an indicator representing the degree of e-business in a particular business unit (the firm). This indicator is built from a certain number of selected criteria, which are supposed to represent the e-business reality of the firm
Rieber, Arsène. "Impact du capital public sur la productivité et la croissance." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131034.
Full textThis thesis considers the relationship between public capital stock and aggregate productivity and growth. We define "public capital" as community facilities, or "core infrastructure" (streets and highways, water supply. . . ) which function as an input to the private production function. A first part contains the theoretical framework of our research: public capital stock fits into the core of the dynamic of endogenous growth models. The discussion center first on fiscal distortions generated by infrastructure financing: in this perspective, our formalization results on a contradiction between long term and short term view of government policy. In a second model, the interaction between public capital accumulation and revenue growth leads to an endogenous dynamics with multiple equilibria: this result allows tentative interpretations of economic divergence between countries. The empirical studies, linking productivity and growth to public capital, are expounded in a second part. On one hand, we estimate the theoretical relationship between public infrastructure and growth by a "solow augmented" model: the results offer a statistical reliability of the important role of the former on the latter. On the other hand, the pattern of causality discerned in our theoretical framework are empirically studied: it exhibits a bi, directional causality. The last part of our research considers the impact of public infrastructure on industrial location. In this perspective, a model of economic geography is exhibited: trade integration implies that firms tend to locate in countries with better infrastructure. In other words, differentials of public capital endowments can magnify polarization of industrial activities. This dynamic spatial model is confirmed by our empirical results: for this purpose, we have estimated the determinants of foreign direct investment within the european community
Jemaa, Adel. "Processus d’absorption, Innovation & Productivité : Analyse empirique sur données d’entreprises." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN0504.
Full textThe thesis deals with the conceptualization and assessment of the ability of firms to absorb external knowledge. It also discusses the impact of this capability on innovation and productivity. The first contribution of this thesis consists in modeling the absorption capacity as an integrated process in the innovation of the company processes. This process of absorption is defined and modeled in an original way through a network of interactions between different activities or capacities: the capacity for internal absorption, the access to external knowledge and the ability to cooperate capacity. The second contribution is to analytically treat the issue by integrating the absorption capacity and the cognitive distance through an innovation function simultaneously. This model allows to distinguish between a theoretical absorption capacity and an effective absorption capacity that takes into account the cognitive distance. The third contribution initially consists, on one hand, in measuring the intensity of these different capabilities and, on the other hand, in estimating the causal relationships between them. That is to say, the ability to determine the internal absorption ability to access external knowledge, which in turn, would determine the ability to cooperate. Secondly, the thesis focuses on the influence of the intensity of cooperation on business performance (output of innovation, labor productivity, TFP). Finally, the thesis discusses the impact of the performance of the company on its internal capacity for absorption
Regnault, Blas. "Les rapports université-industrie : les enjeux de la productivité économique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37898.
Full textQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2020
Outtagarts, Abdelkader. "Comportement dynamique d'un évaporateur de machine frigorifique alimenté par un détendeur électrique." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0060.
Full textThe primary task of an expansion valve in a refrigerating machine is to control the mass flow to the evaporator always at the best optimum, without slugging. A pulsing solenoid expansion valve and three stepper motor controlled expansion valves have been studied. They are designed to operate in a small refrigerating machine of which cooling capacity is less than 6 kW, with constant condensation conditions and variable evaporating temperature (-20°C to + 10°C) and compressor speed (1000 to 3000 rpm). Two control algorithms are used for the stepper motor to open or close the valve (proportional/derivative and qualitative optimal regulation). The control parameters depend on both the expansion valve and evaporator transfer functions. These characteristics are determined by the Broïda method within a range of evaporating temperature and compression speed. In steady- state conditions, with the stepper motor expansion valve, the system is stable with a superheat close to the set point. The cooling capacity varies from 1 to 2. 4 when the compressor speed varies from 1 to 3. For the pulsing solenoid valve, with a proportional/derivative control, some instabilities appear at some operating conditions, due to the low evaporator time constant. In transient conditions, with the step exciting method (300 and 1000 rpm) as well as for the machine start-up, both control algorithms are adequate for regulating the refrigerant into the evaporator
Diop, Omar. "Systèmes de production pluviaux et économie de l'intensification : le cas du Sénégal." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10039.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the reasons for the failure of attemps to reactivate agriculture in senegal so as to present selective intensification of rainy production systems as an alternative. While in certain regions, demographic pressure led to a use of natural resources never before seen, others show relatively important potentialities to increase yields. This study is meant to help researchers and economic decision-makers. Therefore, we dealt with the following subjects : - the cazuses failure of the agricultural program and cooperative organization ; - the transfer of the risks to the farmers without transfering means ; in accordance with the policy of state disengagement ; - the interest of researching an optimal allocation of resources in order to better entrance the local potentialities. Our results confirmed the need of a new orientation. Even though structural adjustment measures are essential, they do make a selective intensification mostly based on the use of fertilizers, hardly efficient
Godde, Anaïs. "L'écriture manuscrite dans le trouble du spectre de l'autisme : une étude couplant oculométrie, tablette graphique et ralentissement des stimuli." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0323.
Full textHandwriting leads to numerous difficulties amongst individuals suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Our first objective was thus to study the characteristics of handwriting in both children and adults with ASD in comparison with chronological (CA) and developmental (DA) aged-matched controls, in order to understand its development with age. A first study conducted aimed at evaluate the handwriting quality and speed during a copy task of text. Our results showed that children with ASD have slower and poorer handwriting skills compared to controls. For ASD adult participants we observed a poorer handwriting quality than both CA and DA controls and a slower handwriting than CA controls only, meaning that it was comparable to DA controls. Moreover,a similar evolution between control and ASD participants. Our second objective was to test the effect of a slowed-down dynamic visual presentation of letters, pseudo-letters and words on the visual information processing and the handwriting dynamics in children and adults with ASD. For this, we coupled different techniques: an eye-tracking device, a graphic tablet, and Logiral™ (i.e a software for slowing down videos). During the slowed-down presentation, children showed a decrease of visual exploration associated with a slower and uneven handwriting, adults showed an increase in visual exploration associated with smaller handwriting size, although it was slower and uneven. This research contributed to a better understanding of handwriting particularities in ASD population, as well as the impact of slowing down stimuli on visual exploration and handwriting production
Andriuta, Daniela. "Les fonctions exécutives, le ralentissement de l'action et leurs corrélats anatomiques dans les phases précoces de la Maladie d'Alzheimer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0044.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) progresses from preclinical isolated subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) to mild neurocognitive disorders (NCD) and then major NCD and is “typically” characterized by prominent memory impairment. In early stages, the intensity of ED and action slowing and their imaging correlates are undetermined. The main objective was to establish in early stages of AD, the intensity of executive dysfunction (ED) and action slowing as well as their imaging correlates. In the Study 1, we showed that executive functions were impaired to a similar extent in AD (with positive CSF biomarkers) and VCI. In the Study 2 we performed a meta-analysis (327 mild NCD and 468 healthy controls) and showed that mean simple reaction time (SRT) was longer in mild NCD group. In the Study 3 we investigated the imaging correlates of ED in MEMENTO cohort (2323 mild NCD or SCC). ED were related to cortical thickness in the left pars orbitalis, right precuneus, right supramarginal (SMG) and the right isthmus cingulate regions. In the Study 4 we determined the imaging correlates (using voxelwise based morphometry) of action slowing in 30 patients with NCD (25 AD, 3 Lewy body dementia, 2 behavioral frontotemporal degeneration). SRT slowing was associated with right dorso-lateral prefrontal and left SMG cortices atrophy. To conclude in early stages of AD, action slowing and ED were a part of the cognitive profile. The atrophy of inferior parietal (including the SMG) and to a lesser extent, of prefrontal cortices accounted for ED and action slowing. In the future studies these results will have to be confirmed in prodromal and preclinical AD
Lo, Joseph Lok Wai. "Benchmarking : les performances de la chaîne logistique dans les secteurs du textile et de l'habillement." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/af7da1a7-0bf4-416f-98f8-d477a93fd1bb.
Full textObjective of this thesis is to carry out an external benchmarking study, and perform various analyses to identify the current state, and to postulate the possible best practices to supply chains in the textile and garment industries. Large scale external benchmarking studies, and existing Performance Measurement Frameworks and Systems have been reviewed. The SCOR-model has been chosen to be adapted to this study. Modifications have been made to adapt the SCOR-model to mentioned industries and to facilitate data collection. We collaborated with two textile associations in Colombia and in Hong Kong China and quantitative performance data from 29 textile-garment supply chains have been collected. Using the performance data, we investigated three types of phenomena using classical statistical methods: (a) Performance trade-offs (b) Influences of demand fluctuations towards performances (c) The group differences between several characteristics of garment factories. Main results from (a) are: mutual enhancement between short lead time and reliable delivery for textile suppliers; trade-off between short lead time and large product category offered for garment factories. From (b) demand fluctuations have greater effects to the textile suppliers and garment factories; for textiles suppliers, fluctuation in volume causes a larger order quantity, and fluctuation in order frequency causes longer lead time. From (c) factories in South China has larger fluctuation in price and order lead time, as well as longer lead time than Colombia; large factories have longer lead time than smaller ones
Runte, Eduardo F. A. "Productivité et sécurité : ajustements au travail dans les systèmes socio-techniques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00537770.
Full textGargouri, Ammar. "La productivité du secteur industriel laitier du Québec et de l'Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25584.pdf.
Full textJobin, Denis. "Les coûts de transaction déterminent-ils la productivité des professeurs d'université?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ56752.pdf.
Full textDjimasra, Nodjitidje. "Efficacité technique, productivité et compétitivité des principaux pays producteurs de coton." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482828.
Full textDjimasra, Nodjitidjé. "Efficacité technique, productivité et compétitivité des principaux pays producteurs de coton." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0507/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the technical efficiency, the productivity and the competitiveness of the main cotton producing countries. In a first chapter, it describes globaly the international competitiveness and the practised commercial strategies. The productive structures in Sub-Saharan Africa are examined in the second chapter, because they are considered as the weakest. The third part deals with the branch of the coton. An econometric study is led in order to highlight the determiners of the performance in the cotton export. The last two chapters concern the analysis and the measurement of the technical efficiency and the global productivity of theoretical and empirical factors. The method of the data envelope is revealed, followed by an econometric analysis. This study is realized to set up a policy of effective production and competitiveness. In this purpose, she proposes a new organizational face in the implication of economic policies to contribute to revitalize the cotton branch, which is considered as a driving element of the economic development in Africa
Gasmi, Esma. "La Productivité dans l'industrie algérienne des biens d'équipement : étude de cas." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0064.
Full textCapital goods industry in algeria has not been particularly developed and has not significantly contributed to the overall development of the productive system. An analysis of productivity in three firms producing capital goods has highlighted the characteristics of this industry as well as its economic inefficiency. Bottlenecks have been identified at different levels which impeded the smooth functioning of the firms. The lack of qualifications of labour was one of the main problems observed