Books on the topic 'Ram Semen'

Gibt es eine spezifische Medialität des Spiels, die es sinnvoll macht, das Verhältnis jeden Ereignisses zu seiner Umgebung als Spiel zu beschreiben? In welcher Weise können Technik, Spiel und Ästhetik neu gedacht werden? Immer dann, wenn Technik mit mechanischen Bewegungen verbunden wird, sehen wir sie im Gegensatz zum Spiel. Wenn Technik jedoch mit Ästhetik assoziiert wird, taucht das Spiel als Teil der Technik auf. Spiel bringt Dinge in Relation und verändert sie dadurch. Wenn Materie als rhythmische Bewegung gedacht wird und Spiel auf Wiederholung basiert, rückt der Spielbegriff ins Zentrum einer medienwissenschaftlichen Auslegung der relationalen Beschaffenheit von Zeit und Raum. Vor dem Hintergrund der Aktualität, welche die Spieletheorien von Huizinga und Caillois in den Game Studies erlangten, unternimmt der vorliegende Band eine medienphilosophische Befragung des Spielbegriffs. Er behandelt dabei das Spiel unter Bezugnahme auf Fragen der Neuen Materialismen und wirft zugleich einen neuen Blick auf das Spiel in der Psychoanalyse.

Rat-kangaroos have not coped well with the impact of European settlement in Australia. Of the 11 species present in 1788, two are extinct, two are either mostly or totally restricted to offshore islands and the range of all other species has been much reduced. Habitat alienation, altered fire regimes, grazing, predation by introduced carnivores, competition from rabbits and timber harvesting have variously taken their toll on these little-seen animals. The rat-kangaroo was one of the first Australian marsupials to be seen alive in Europe. Collected close to the settlement at Sydney Cove, a pair of them were exhibited in London in 1789. These animals were called by the local Aboriginal people 'Pot-o-roo', and by the European settlers, 'Kangooroo rat'. They were the Long-nosed Potoroo, Potorous tridactylus, the first of what we now call 'Rat-kangaroos' to be discovered. Bettongs, Potoroos and the Musky Rat-kangaroo provides an extraordinary glimpse into the secretive lives of these unusual marsupials. It also reveals little-known facts about the critical functional role these creatures play in maintaining the forest and woodland habitats in which they live. Winner of the 2008 Whitley Award for Natural History.

Over half of Wittgenstein’s raw, unedited remarks in On Certainty were written in seven weeks ending two days before his death, and he often expresses dissatisfaction with his progress. Unsurprisingly, they are rife with tensions. The author focuses on two topics centering on his crucial notion of “the propositions that are beyond doubt”: what it is for a proposition to have that status for someone, and whether Wittgenstein thinks we can defend our beliefs in such propositions. The author argues that his struggles can be seen to be leading him to views much like Quine’s. Three points of agreement stand out: (i) One cannot be faulted either for retaining any particular belief or for taking any particular belief as fundamental if doing so does not violate (iii). (ii) One can be wrong about the truth of any proposition. (iii) One’s world view must be kept squared with experience.

A Memoir of Pre-Partition Punjab is the autobiography of Ruchi Ram Sahni (1863–1948), a social reformer, science educator, and, in later life, an active participant in political affairs. It provides a rich account of the social, political, and intellectual ferment in the Punjab in the mid to late nineteenth century, seen through the eyes of a thoughtful observer who grew up in a business family in Dera Ismail Khan (now in Waziristan, Pakistan), and went on to Lahore, where he settled as a Professor of Chemistry at the Government College, Lahore. Sahni’s energetic life is evident from the range of activities he describes, from social reform in the Brahmo Samaj through science education in the Punjab, to participation in the background of the Congress Enquiry Committee into the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Introduction 130Superior vena cava (SVC) anomalies 130Inferior vena cava (IVC) anomalies 132Commonly seen as part of complex disorder.Occurs due to failure of the LSVC to obliterate during embryogenesis.• Usually drains into RA via CS.• RSVC usually present too....

Thousands of texts, written over a period of three thousand years on papyri and potsherds, in Egyptian, Greek, Latin, Aramaic, Hebrew, Persian, and other languages, have transformed our knowledge of many aspects of life in the ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds. This book provides an introduction to the world of these ancient documents and literary texts, ranging from the raw materials of writing to the languages used, from the history of papyrology to its future, and from practical help in reading papyri to frank opinions about the nature of the work of papyrologists. It takes account of the important changes experienced by the discipline, especially within the last thirty years. The book includes work by twenty-seven international experts and more than one hundred illustrations.

One hundred years since women won the right to vote in federal elections, the representation of women in elected office falls far below proportionality. The disparity is even greater for women of color: while significant proportions of the US population are Asian American, Black, and Latina women, few women of color hold elective office. Of the ninety-seven women who were elected in 2012 and are serving in the 113th Congress, only nine are Latina. These women are often marginalized by both their ethnorace and their gender. This chapter examines one hundred years of Latina political candidates, those who successfully ran for federal office, and the multiple, intersecting marginalities they faced and conquered in order to win their congressional elections.

Dystrophic calcifications are typically large (usually >1 mm), coarse, irregular or plaque-like and associated with lucent centers. They also may be thin, smooth, and round or oval, with lucent centers, called “rim” (previously also known as “eggshell”) calcifications. They form in response to trauma, including surgery or irradiation. They can be seen in association with other findings of breast trauma, including surgical clips, architectural distortion, skin retraction, skin thickening, oil cysts, or trabecular thickening. This chapter, appearing in the section on calcifications, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for dystrophic calcifications. Topics discussed include findings after breast trauma or surgery/radiation treatment and the evolution of fat necrosis.

This chapter looks at racial imagery in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper in the final years of the nineteenth century, comparing the illustrations of Indians and African Americans as a way of explaining the shifting nature of race and representation as Western expansion ran its course. Native Americans were usually portrayed more sympathetically than African Americans. Indians were also depicted as more progressive than blacks. Moreover, Indians in the early 1890s were seen predominately as nonthreatening, both militarily and culturally. African Americans, by contrast, were closer and more familiar to whites and often perceived as less interesting to illustrators and more threatening to the status quo. Unlike Indians, whose apparent strangeness could be presented as exotic, black strangeness was ridiculed.

Chapter seven discusses the emergence of revolutionary networks in the first decade of the Nineteenth Century and the activities of leading figures and movements during the First World War. The student population of the city provided recruits for militant groups that sought to overthrow the Raj. There are case studies of the Ghadr Movement, of iconic revolutionary martyrs such as Bhagat Singh, Udham Singh and Madan Lal Dhingra and of ‘absconding’ students to the trans-border camps in Chamarkand of what the British termed the ‘Hindustani Fanatics.’ The Muslim students became involved in Obaidullah Sindhi’s jihadist struggle in 1915 and in the hijrat movement to Afghanistan of March-August 1920. Some were to replace Pan-Islamic fervour with attachment to Communism inculcated at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East.

Synovial pathology is seen in a variety of disease states, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE). This chapter highlights recent advances that characterize the cellular composition of these tissues according to surface markers and chemokine and cytokine expression, and describes synovial functional status and response to therapeutics. In RA, after initiation, pannus migrates over and under cartilage, and into subchondral bone, in a destructive process. Cartilage-pannus junction (CPJ) is characterized as invasive or 'quiescent' or 'indistinct'. Invasive CPJ can comprise macrophages, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), mast cells, and/or neutrophils. CPJ activity is related to the state of activation of the overlying subintima. Subintimal inflammation can be graded to a variety of degrees (I–IV) according to established criteria and is illustrated. In some RA synovia, cellular aggregates organize into ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) through the expression of lymphorganogenic signals, to exhibit T- or B-cell zones accompanied by dendritic cells and lymphangiogenesis. ELS synthesize rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACAP), considered to be indicative of aggressive disease. The selective cellular expression of macrophage and dendritic cell chemokines and cytokines such as TNF, GMCSF, TGFβ‎, IL-1, IL-6, IL-23, and chemokines can be seen in synovia, to form a regulated and cooperative environment that sustains the cellular organization and pathological function. Important to this process are FLS and CD68+ macrophages. CD68 expression correlates with disease severity and can be useful as a surrogate marker of disease modifying activity of therapeutics, such as anti-TNF and anti-B-cell biologics.

Step 7 is the final step in the Make Arts process. It includes suggestions for promoting continual creativity within communities and for celebrating both new and older arts forms. It describes results-based management (RBM) and demonstrates how to create arts-related results chains. The focus, however, is not so much in providing a new set of activities, but in urging readers to continue applying all seven of the Make Arts steps. Embedding the Make Arts cycle in community life will result in the best chance for better lives to continue to emerge and endure. This section also includes a case study and discussion highlighting the potentially devastating effects of cultural and musical change within communities. Step 7 concludes with final thoughts from the authors about the Guide and the impact they hope it will have on arts advocates and arts work.

The first chapter focuses on the wider spiritual context from which penitential movements developed. The rich and vibrant spiritual climate of the early thirteenth century saw the emergence of a number of new expressions of religious life. These new forms of devotion were predominantly characterized by a desire to live according to the gospel while remaining in the world. Throughout Europe, groups of laywomen ran alms houses, cared for lepers and practised other forms of active charity. From the middle of the thirteenth century onwards, the fact that these women did not fit traditional categories was seen as increasingly controversial. Consequently, those responsible for the spiritual care of such groups encouraged them to adopt many external signs of religious life such as a recognized habit, a rule, and even some degree of enclosure.

This article briefly describes East Asian shipbuilding technology, as well as maritime history, based on the archaeological remains of vessels. The era of China's maritime expansion ran from the tenth to the fourteenth century. China was heavily influenced by the outside creating a rich and diverse maritime tradition. The archaeological remains of boats combined with textual and iconographic data, provide a clear picture of the development of the earliest forms of naval architecture in China. Various shapes and construction techniques can be seen on these vessels. This article gives an overview through the era, beginning from before maritime expansion, to the era of maritime expansion during the Song and Yuan dynasties, to the decline of shipping, during the Ming dynasty. Many aspects of maritime traditions in China require further research.

This chapter introduces some basic definitions, notions, and concepts in French property law, a subject known to French law lawyers as ‘droit des biens’ or ‘law of things’. In French legal theory, ownership and possession represent two fundamental separate concepts. Whereas ownership is defined as being the legal relationship of a person to a thing, possession is the factual situation which describes the physical control of a person over the thing. Moreover, in French property law, the rights of individuals which can be assessed in terms of wealth positive or negative belong to their patrimoine. A person's patrimoine consists of rights in rem (property rights) and rights in personam (obligations). In the context of patrimoine, obligations are seen not just as a burden on a debtor, but also in counterpoint as an asset in the hands of a creditor.

This chapter examines Ray Bradbury's emerging sense of critical judgment toward literary work. Bradbury had trouble maintaining objectivity in assessing an author's work. For Bradbury, literary work is the expression of the author, and one cannot be separated from the other. His literary criticism involved looking for a glimpse of the author's soul in every word he read, and this is evident in his treatment of writers such as Ernest Hemingway and Aldous Huxley. This chapter considers how Bradbury came to understand some aspects of the great turn-of-the-century changes in American literature that led from romanticism to realism and on to the more subjective experiments of Modernism, as well as the earlier but parallel transitions in modern art into subjective forms like impressionism, expressionism, and surrealism. It also discusses Bradbury's reading of Frederic Prokosch's novels The Asiatics (1935) and The Seven Who Fled (1937), and especially the former influence on his fanzine tale “The Piper”.

This chapter discusses Ray Bradbury's revisions and last-minute reconfigurations for Dark Carnival prior to its May 1947 publication. According to August Derleth, Dark Carnival cost more in press corrections than all his previous Arkham House titles combined. But it was clear that Bradbury pushed as hard as he could to update it as it moved toward the May 1947 publication date. For instance, he replaced “The Poems” with a newer story, “The Coffin”; cut two stories from the page proofs (“The Watchers” and “Trip to Cranamockett”); and tried to make significant revisions in seven other short stories. This chapter considers the reception of Dark Carnival following its official release, citing reviews such as those of Anthony Boucher of the San Francisco Chronicle, Will Cuppy of the New York Herald Tribune Weekly Book Review, and Arthur Hillman of Britain's Fantasy Review. It also looks at the continuing marketing friction between Bradbury and Derleth, along with other projects spun off by Bradbury's original concept for Dark Carnival.

The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man’, published by Bennett and Xie in 1988. This paper, in which the unilateral sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was first presented, is one of the earliest and most comprehensive descriptions of a specific animal paradigm that was designed to model human neuropathic pain. The authors realized that human neuropathic pain rarely involves nerve transection but instead involves evoked changes in damaged and preserved nerve fibres. Furthermore, they systematically applied a barrage of sensory testing that demonstrated quantifiable hyperalgesia and cold allodynia reflecting some of the clinical observations of human neuropathic pain phenotype. CCI provided a high-quality template for the development of neuropathic pain models that impelled the subsequent development of other animal models striving to replicate the human condition faithfully and accurately.

This chapter reviews endocrine, behavioral, and reproductive outcomes of the ketogenic diet (KD) in rodent mouse and rat models. KD treatment can result in conditions seen in metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidemia and inflammation. Females raised on low protein KDs will experience delayed puberty onset. Results presented suggest an increase in ketones and a decrease in spatial memory as percent protein drops. Postpubertal female pups fed KD experienced similar cognitive decline to KD-fed dams, despite consuming only normal rodent chow since weaning. This finding is consistent with the development of anatomical differences in the brains of pups from KD-fed versus rodent chow–fed controls. A thorough evaluation of the effects of different lipid and protein profiles (amount and type) will be necessary if KDs are going to be safe and effective long-term therapies for both sexes and in neurological disorders besides pediatric intractable epilepsy.

This chapter discusses Ray Bradbury's achievement in fiction as a student at Los Angeles High School and his membership in Science Fiction League (SFL). It begins with a discussion of Bradbury's early obsession with Hollywood, as seen in his snapshots of scores of Hollywood stars and in more than a thousand autographs of Hollywood personalities, as well as with radio. It then considers Bradbury's fascination with the concept of space and on space and time travel during his time at Los Angeles High School; his participation in the activities of the Los Angeles SFL and editorial work with the organization; and his involvement with the school's poetry club known as “The Ink Beasts.” It also discusses how Bradbury's narratives were inspired by science fiction and fantasy pulps, such as those of Edgar Rice Burroughs and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Finally, it recounts Bradbury's performance at a school production in May 1938.

Africa is flush with natural resources, a population over one billion, a rich cultural history, and all the elements of a robust economy that still struggles with the basics. Its reliance on natural resources and the lack of resource management in a transparent and acceptable manner has led to discontent and conflict. It has the opportunity to reboot its economies by embracing value-added positions in the natural resources value chain by providing finished products instead of just the raw material. It could also offer itself as a low-cost manufacturing location to the rest of the world. Signs of more transparent governance and management of resources are being seen which will eventually lead to a path of growth. Africa’s geographical location, in the middle of three major markets; Asia, America, and Europe, gives it an attractive competitive advantage. Africa is poised to drive its emerging economy soundly on to the world stage.

This book has shown how migration, citizenship, and identity—entangled in the tensions between agency and structure—converge in the rap music of Cape Verdeans in Portugal. It has explored how Kriolu rappers and Cape Verdeans have struggled with Manichean ways of viewing the world and categorizing its people, as seen in the repeated tension between Kriolu and tuga, between diasporic migrants and cultural nationalists. The book ends with a set of theoretical conclusions and policy deliverables that bring together anthropological concepts and life experiences of Kriolu. It argues that the distinction of migrancy must be taken into consideration in the current debates on citizenship. It describes Kriolu as a Creole citizenship inside Portugal, as opposed to “Portuguese” or Portuguese iterations of interculturality. It also challenges the current ideas of “Portuguese citizenship” and instead calls for “citizenship in Portugal,” as articulated by Kriolu rappers and advocates of Kriolu identity politics. This would make Portugal a vibrant place of Creole citizenship, where trajectories of language, labor, and exchange intersect.

This essay focuses on Japanese rappers but also explores arguably anti-American sentiments in popular culture otherwise seen as American. Condry is interested in the way Japanese rappers can be very provocative while simultaneously not being easily categorized as either “pro-Japanese” or “anti-American.” Instead he finds that they struggle to define an ethical politics across national boundaries. This essay exemplifies the ways that popular culture can be a vehicle for soft power, but makes a point of showing that it would be a mistake to view the spread of U.S. popular culture styles in itself as an effective national tool in world politics. Condry includes examples from Japanese rap musicians’ portrayals of 9/11 and the Iraq War. They may love hip-hop music and culture but still view U.S. government policies with skepticism. Provocatively, the essay asks how the analysis of soft power might be transformed if, instead of focusing on how American or Japanese soft power could be heightened, we instead asked how transnational goals of human rights, environmental protection, and fair trade (among others) could be made more “attractive” to the world as a whole.

From the Shaw Brothers production line to the clones of Bruce Lee, Hong Kong cinema has long been seen as driven by raw commercial concerns. Like many other commercial film industries, most notably Hollywood, production in the Hong Kong film industry has also been focused on popular cycles of production. These have included phases when family melodramas, historical swordplay and kung-fu films, screwball comedies and triad based crime films have all proved successful at the domestic and regional box-office. As with other commercially focused film industries there has also been a low budget sector within Hong Kong industry. Here producers and directors have fashioned energetic, populist films that were designed to appeal to audiences’ desire for films that contained sex and violence. The horror genre seemed the perfect vehicle to satiate these needs. This chapter explores the work of filmmakers who worked at this rougher end of Hong Kong horror in the 80s and 90s. As well as placing them into this exploitation context of production, this chapter discusses their excessive content and the visual style employed by directors such as Kuei Chih-hung (Killer Snakes, Hex) and Herman Yau (The Untold Story, Ebola Syndrome) to deliver their exploitative content.

Malignant hypertension (MH) is recognized clinically by elevated blood pressure together with retinal haemorrhages or exudates with or without papilloedema (grades III or IV hypertensive retinopathy); and may constitute a hypertensive emergency or crisis when complicated by evidence of end-organ damage including microangiopathic haemolysis, encephalopathy, left ventricular failure, and renal failure. Though reversible, it remains a significant cause of end-stage renal failure, and of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries.MH can complicate pre-existing hypertension arising from diverse aetiologies, but most commonly develops from essential hypertension. The absolute level of blood pressure appears not to be critical to the development of MH, but the rate of rise of blood pressure may well be relevant in the pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of this transformation remains unclear.The pathological hallmark of MH is the presence of fibrinoid necrosis (medial vascular smooth muscle cell necrosis and fibrin deposition within the intima) involving the resistance arterioles in many organs. Fibrinoid necrosis is not specific to MH and this appearance is seen in other conditions causing a thrombotic microangiopathy such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome, scleroderma renal crisis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and acute vascular rejection post transplant. MH can both cause a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) but can also complicate underlying conditions associated with TMA.The pathophysiological factors that interact to generate and sustain this condition remain poorly understood. Risk factors include Afro-Caribbean race, smoking history, younger age of onset of hypertension, previous pregnancy, and untreated hypertension associated with non-compliance or cessation of antihypertensive therapy.Evidence from clinical studies and animal models point to a central role for the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in MH; there is good evidence for renal vasoconstriction and activation of the renal paracrine RAS potentiating MH once established; however, there may also be a role in the predisposition of MH suggested by presence of increased risk conferred by an ACE gene polymorphism in humans and polymorphisms for both ACE and AT1 receptor in an animal model of spontaneous MH. Other vasoactive mediators such as the endothelin and the inflammatory response may be important contributing to and increasing endothelial damage. There have been no randomized controlled trials to define the best treatment approach, but progressive lowering of pressures over days is considered safest unless made more urgent by critical clinical state. It seems logical to introduce ACE inhibition cautiously and early, but in view of the risk of rapid pressure lowering some recommend delay.

Being and Freedom is an account of ethics in Europe from the French Revolution: a phase of philosophical ethics whose influence ran far beyond philosophy, eventually dominating politics and religion in the West. Developments came from France, Germany, and Britain. This book is currently the only study that treats them together as a Europe-wide phenomenon. The first chapter covers the philosophical conflict at the heart of the French Revolution, between the individualism of the Enlightenment and two very different forms of holistic ethics: the old regime’s ethic of service and the radical-democracy of the Rousseauian left. Responses analysing modern freedom and democracy came from a series of French liberal thinkers. In Germany the reaction was to two revolutions seen as inaugurating modernity—the political revolution in France and the philosophical revolution of Kant. Here the fate of religion was critical; with it the metaphysics of being and freedom. The story is traced from Kant to Hegel’s idealist version of ethical holism. In Britain, Enlightenment naturalism remained the prevailing framework. It took different forms: ‘common sense’ and the theory of the sentiments in Scotland, utilitarianism in England. From these elements came a synthesis of European themes by John Stuart Mill—comparable in range but opposed to that of Hegel. This period’s ethical ideas remain the core of late modern ethics and the contested ground on which ethical disagreements take place today. The final chapter is a retrospective and assessment.

Rome’s Capitoline Hill was the smallest of the Seven Hills of Rome. Yet in the long history of the Roman state it was the empire’s holy mountain. The hill was the setting of many of Rome’s most beloved stories, involving Aeneas, Romulus, Tarpeia, and Manlius. It also held significant monuments, including the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, a location that marked the spot where Jupiter made the hill his earthly home in the age before humanity. This book follows the history of the Capitoline Hill into late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, asking what happened to a holy mountain as the empire that deemed it thus became a Christian republic. This is not a history of the hill’s tonnage of marble- and gold-bedecked monuments but, rather, an investigation into how the hill was used, imagined, and known from the third to the seventh century CE. During this time, the triumph and other processions to the top of the hill were no longer enacted. But the hill persisted as a densely populated urban zone and continued to supply a bridge to fragmented memories of an increasingly remote past through its toponyms. This book is also about a series of Christian engagements with the Capitoline Hill’s different registers of memory, the transmission and dissection of anecdotes, and the invention of alternate understandings of the hill’s role in Roman history. What lingered long after the state’s disintegration in the fifth century were the hill’s associations with the raw power of Rome’s empire.

This collection of essays examines the various ways in which the Homeric epics have been responded to, reworked, and rewritten by women writers of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Beginning in 1914 with the First World War, it charts this understudied strand of the history of Homeric reception over the subsequent century up to the present day, analysing the extraordinary responses to both the Odyssey and the Iliad by women from around the world. The backgrounds of these authors and the genres they employ—memoir, poetry, children’s literature, rap, novels—testify not only to the plasticity of Homeric epic, but also to the widening social classes to whom Homer appeals, and it is unsurprising to see the myriad ways in which women writers across the globe have played their part in the story of Homer’s afterlife. From surrealism to successive waves of feminism to creative futures, Homer’s footprint can be seen in a multitude of different literary and political movements, and the essays in this volume bring an array of critical approaches to bear on the work of authors ranging from H.D. and Simone Weil to Christa Wolf, Margaret Atwood, and Kate Tempest. Students and scholars of classics—as well as those in the fields of translation studies, comparative literature, and women’s writing—will find much to interest them, while the volume’s concluding reflections by Emily Wilson on her new translation of the Odyssey are an apt reminder to all of just how open a text can be, and of how great a difference can be made by a woman’s voice.

Pulmonary involvement is common in the connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Improved management of systemic disease has led to increasing numbers of surviving patients with clinically significant pulmonary disease. Screening for pulmonary complications highlights the frequency of subclinical involvement. In this chapter, the pulmonary manifestations of the more common CTDs are detailed, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and, more briefly, ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A broad spectrum of pulmonary disorders are seen in association with the CTDs or the drugs used to treat the underlying disorder, including interstitial lung disease, pulmonary infections, airways disease, pulmonary nodules, pleural disease, chest wall pathology and pulmonary vascular disease; the discussion is stratified by pulmonary complication. In many cases, two or more pulmonary manifestations of CTD coexist or there are other concurrent diseases such as asthma and lung cancer, resulting in potentially confusing mixed imaging and pulmonary function abnormalities. This chapter presents a comprehensive approach to the investigation, screening, prognostic evaluation, and treatment decisions in pulmonary disease associated with the CTDs.

INCITANT ȘI INFORMATIV TOTODATĂ, titlul volumului Copilărie și parentalitate cu impact pune „în joc” trei cuvinte-cheie pentru problematica circumscrisă, gata să stimuleze curiozitatea, indiferent de vârsta, ocupația, statutul cititorului. „Paradisul pierdut al părinților” (copilăria), „misiunea” parentală – onorată sau nu, conștientizată ori ba – și, în fine, consecințele oricăruia dintre stiluri (exigent, autoritar, permisiv, neimplicat), urmări pe care le-am putea „boteza” drept amprentă fastă, „stâlp” al succesului personal și social, „marcă” a nereușitei, „dâră” adâncă în psihicul suferind al copilului, până departe, în viața de adult…, toate acestea „conviețuiesc” într-o „formulă” persuasivă care trimite la necesitatea abordării unei astfel de teme, la urgența dezbaterii ei (și sub formă editorială), la efectele (rezultatele) neapărat trăite de copil, sigur constatate de el însuși, de psiholog, învățător, medic etc., la o constantă preocupare de ordin științific, de ce nu, la un semnal de alarmă vizând decidenți de toate rangurile și responsabilitățile. „Pariul” asumat de coordonator (conf. univ. dr. Patricia Runcan) este autenticitatea, concept cu deschideri hermeneutice (din perspectivă teoretică) și provocări-capcane în privința trăirilor – mărturisirilor fiecărui subiect – actor al scrierii de față. Structurată pe trei secțiuni (părți), cartea debutează consistent prin 8 Interviuri cu profesioniști și oameni autentici, continuă cu 7 Eseuri descriptive aparținând unor masteranzi netemători de vulnerabilitatea asociată autodezvăluirii și se încheie cu Cercetări academice aplicate (rod al colaborării dintre un profesor și două absolvente cu disertații masterale pe tema tratată în Copilărie și parentalitate cu impact). „Misterul” aparent al preferinței „omului cu microfon” pentru anumiți interlocutori autentici – în pofida multor altora este măcar parțial „descâlcit” de atribute precum: deschiderea la conversații pe teme provocatoare, delicate, „spinoase”; experiența profesională de învățători, directori de școli, medici neurologi, psihoterapeuți, oameni ai bisericii, universitari; notorietatea și reputația în spațiul public; regăsirea unor valori comune (sau asemănătoare) în copilăria fiecăruia, dar și aplicate, mai apoi, în viața de părinte, profesor, terapeut, formator de opinii etc. Întrebările prestabilite (dar formulate nuanțat, pliindu-se pe structura de personalitate a „adversarului”), răspunsurile (mai concise sau mai ample), „trădând” copilării „zugrăvite” în multe culori, formulări confesive, dar și cu rol de exemplu, îndemn, dovadă, ilustrare, oglindire, lecție de viață, poveste cu tâlc, motto-ul – unul mai bine căutat decât altul – și, deloc de ignorat, ecoul fiecărei „întâlniri admirabile” în ființa „cetitorului”, laolaltă creează un „spectacol” aparte, demn de analiză. Ce este autenticitatea? (Cum să fii autentic ?) adună, din „zona” profesioniștilor, „definiții” într-un veritabil mozaic: „cu autoritate”, „stăpân pe sine”, „care acționează cum îi este sieși propriu”, „autenticitatea este grea; e singura cale de împăcare cu sine”, „în absența onestității nu există autentic”, „autenticitatea nu se determină pe axa natură-cultură”, „să fii adevărat”, „să fii original”, „să fii creativ”, „să fii valoros”. Într-un registru asemănător răspund masteranzii, formulările lor variind între: „a fi TU”, „a nu te preface”, „a-ți susține convingerile”, „a-ți cere drepturile”, „a nu-ți judeca părinții”, „a te accepta așa cum ești”, „a fi sincer mereu”, „a fi om serios”, „a inspira încredere”, „a trăi în scopul vieții, care e veșnicia”, „a fi ca mama”, „a fi același în viața privată și în cea publică”, „autenticitatea este comuniunea dintre gânduri, vorbe și fapte.” La rându-i, definirea copilăriei comportă sensibile diferențe de nuanță, esența rămânând aceeași. Dacă maturii oscilează între „copilăria este familie”, „bucurie, joacă în aer liber”, mediul în care nu trăim „hie încătro” (adică în lipsa rânduielii și a ritualurilor), „paradisul pierdut al părinților”, „poligon de încercare a duplicității, ipocriziei, snobismului, imposturii, lipsei de responsabilitate”, „poveste”, masteranzii numesc propria copilărie: „speranță”, „Nu există nu pot!”, „oglinda prin fața căreia treci ca să mai descoperi ceva din (în) tine”, „binecuvântare”, „liniște”, „colțul de rai pe pămînt”, „fundația vieții”, „o călătorie fericită într-o țară încărcată de emoție și culoare”… Observăm cu îngândurare că în discursul adulților experți – predomină bucuria, joaca, libertatea, în vreme ce o notă accentuată în „confesiunile” tinerilor masteranzi este reprezentată de maturizarea precoce, cu precădere în familiile „cu multe probleme”: părinți conflictuali, alcoolici, abuzivi, cu educație precară, indiferenți la nevoia de afectivitate și reguli rezonabile pentru buna alcătuire a caracterului copilului. Este și motivul pentru care autorul acestei prefețe nu se arată bucuros de confirmarea, în prima cercetare din finalul volumului Copilărie și parentalitate cu impact, a „armoniei” dintre stilul parental aplicat în copilăria cuiva și stilul parental internalizat de subiectul educației și exersat, la rându-i, asupra propriului descendent, după cum, nici de concluzia (ca validare a ipotezei celei din urmă cercetări) conform căreia relația de atașament din copilărie influențează în mare măsură relația de atașament a unei mame cu copilul său. Combinația fericită dintre parentalitatea autentică și copilăria ziditoare nu se constată la tot pasul. Chiar dacă valorile cultivate de familiile-nucleu sau extinse sunt dispuse într-un registru pozitiv generos (bunătate, siguranță, solidaritate, încredere, libertate, dragoste și justiție, limite raționale, principialitate, corectitudine, disciplină, partajare frățească, cinste, respect, bun simț, iubirea față de semeni, răbdare, adevăr, modestie, mediu creștin ș.a. – cum se vede în mărturiile din cartea în discuție) prea adesea, întâlnim fractura între ce e bine de făcut și răul care se petrece în relațiile interpersonale din universul familiei. Uneori, neștiința este cea dintâi cauză. Alteori, o „arhitectură” defectă a personalității părintelui. Nu rareori, influențe nepotrivite din afara mediului educațional primar. Traumele din copilărie ale genitorilor, nerezolvate la vreme, reprezintă un teribil element perturbator pentru copilăria și viitoarea viață de adult a celor mici. Incidența tot mai accentuată a familiilor disfuncționale face tot mai rar valabil adevărul: „Din familii rele ies copii buni” (însă cu o dublă condiție, echilibrul și selectivitatea dovedite de copil). Desigur, teoreticienii și practicienii avertizează și „repară”, colaborează și se luptă cu varii ipostaze ale ignoranței și stricăciunilor avându-i ca autori pe părinți. Nu-i deajuns. Nu-i mereu la timp. Nu e pentru „toată lumea” copiilor afectați. Nu e cu asumarea și sprijinul tuturor părinților. Nu e, în toată clipa, cu toate resursele (profesioniști, instrumente, bani) trebuincioase celor mai bune terapii și rezultate. Din păcate, în lumea reală, atât de multe nu se pot! Conf. univ. dr. Ștefania Bejan, Universitatea “Al. I. Cuza” din Iași