Journal articles on the topic 'Ram Sharma'

Purpose of the Study: The aim of this paper is to explore the portrayal of socio-cultural issues in Akhil Sharma’s novel, An Obedient Father and the issues of cultural identity tormenting situations and incidents in a family and in their relationship with one another.
 Methodology: The research paper proposes to make use of the writings of Akhil Sharma’s novel, An Obedient Father through ground study with references drawn from a cultural perspective. The secondary data included related articles and web sources related to diaspora and cultural studies. The secondary data obtained help the researcher arrive at important inference and conclusion. The present paper analyses the cultural issues and problems faced by the characters and concentrates on the specific techniques and styles used by the novelist.
 Main Findings: The finding of the study is that Sharma integrates conventional Indian ideologies born out of a colonial past with an unknown future, depicting the cultural trauma and the problems of survival It also brings out socio-cultural issues through the major characters particularly the protagonist Ram Karan reflects the contemporary modern man’s corrupted personality. It also focuses on how the modern man breaks away from the age-old Indian tradition and culture and how Indian politics failed to maintain the traditional socio-cultural values.
 Applications of the Study: When analyzing the cultural issues in An Obedient Father, the readers can understand that Sharma is a diaspora novelist and his characters face the problems of expatriation, immigration, dislocation, disorientation, and displacement. This study is very useful to the researchers in the field of Indian Literature, Diaspora Literature, and Cultural studies.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: This paper highlights a realistic picture of contemporary India is portrayed by recording the changing Indian social and political scene with carefully creating the fictional characters for creative purposes. Sharma draws an acid-etched picture of modern Indian society, in which the corrupt political system victimizes all citizens.

It has been claimed that ‘no individual’s linguistic repertoire is perfect’ (Maleki 2007, as cited in (Hmaid, 2014)). Both indigenous and non-native participants of any community frequently encounter obstacles, relying on restricted verbal tools to convey their intention. Communication strategies are the methods through which speakers seek to bridge the barrier amongst all individuals who wish to convey and the instantly accessible language assets. The significance of English cannot be overstated. Paragraph fragmentation, run-on phrases, and general topic alignment are the major opponents of proper grammar. Communicating is the most fundamental mode of interaction. That is the only fundamental human privilege with the fewest limits and is regarded as extremely essential by the legislation. Currently, fluency in English is practically a must for accomplishment in the globe. This research paper reveals a mixed-method methodology in scrutinizing possible effective modules and types for oral communication skills in the English language. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were taken into consideration throughout the whole investigation, where the studies of Dhani Ram Sharma, Apisara Sritulanon, Panna Chaturongakul, Thapanee Thammetar, Anne Syomwene, Zhanli Yang, Yaseen Hmaid, JD Singh had a huge impact on the results and discussions of the research. The main obstacles illustrated throughout the research were lack of preparation, lack of spoken English, poor vocabulary, inability to clearly understand native speakers or others speaking this language, and inability to express ideas that were discussed and analyzed with the offered solutions. The following research objectives are being analyzed throughout the investigation: making a significant commitment for persuading instructors & others; developing a conceptual method for instructors; promoting the benefits of communication skills; offering a skill different from conventional learning speaking skills to learning English; examining the efficacy of conversation skills. Examples, strategies, and recommendations illustrated by the authors in the following sections of the research paper underline the importance of oral communication skills both in the teaching environment and in the professional sphere. Furthermore, the analysis of statistics made by Dhani Ram Sharma, stressed the positive impacts of strategies used by them in improving and developing students’ communication skills. Moreover, the results and discussions concerning the revealing of research findings affirm that activities and strategies implemented were successful enough for future professional accomplishments of oral communication skills.

Supercapacitors are considered as a new class of energy storage device because of their high power density, environmentally friendliness, long cycleability, and flexible design capabilities. MnO2 and CuS have been found to be promising for supercapacitor applications because of their low cost, abundance in nature, and are environmentally friendly. Besides this, reduced graphene oxide emerged as most promising carbon materials for energy storage applications because of its high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and ability to attach metal oxide without any agglomeration. Recently, it has been reported that ternary nanocomposites have superior electrochemical performances because of their synergistic effect, which help to enhance the charge movement within the electrode material. We already reported that the specific capacitance of CuS and MnO2 as 158 F/g and 300 F/g at current densities of 0.5 A/g, respectively [1,2]. In this work we have synthesized MnO2/CuS/rGO ternary nanocomposite by hydrothermal method. The physical characterization of the synthesized materials was carried out using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All electrochemical measurements were conducted in standard three-electrode configuration, using a platinum wire, Ag/AgCl, and MnO2/CuS/rGO as a counter, reference, and working electrode, respectively. The results related to physical characterization, specific capacitance, cycleability, and energy density will be presented. Reference: Rahul Singhal, David Thorne, Peter K. LeMaire, Xavier Martinez, Chen Zhao, Ram K. Gupta, David Uhl, Ellen Scanley, Christine C. Broadbridgeand Rakesh K. Sharma, AIP Advances 10, (2020) 035307; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5132713. Rahul Singhal, Justin Fagnoni, David Thorne, Peter K. LeMaire, Xavier Martinez, Chen Zhao, Ram K. Gupta, David Uhl, Ellen Scanley, Christine C. Broadbridge, Mani Manivannan, MRS Advances, 4 (13) 777-782 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.86

Herbal medicines have a history of long therapeutic use and are still serving a lot of the health needs of a big population of the world. However, the quality control still remains a challenge because of the variation of chemical constituents involved. There are numerous compounds in herbal drugs that are in complex matrices in which no single active constituent is responsible for the overall efficacy. This creates a challenge in establishing quality control standards and standardization of finished herbal drugs. Saraswati Panchak is a novel combination given by Pandit Shri Ram Sharma Acharya for mental health. In this study, components of this novel herbal combination were explained for its potential utility in mental illness. In addition, the study also detailed how Saraswati Panchak Churna was converted into tablet form to increase the shelf life, make it easy to dispense, for dose fixation, etc. The tablet was subjected to organoleptic analysis and physico-chemical analysis to establish its efficacy. After performing complete analysis it was found that all the parameters are within the range. The coarse powder of these herbs may be used as havan samagri in brain related disorders because of the presence of nootropic herbs.

<em>The economic fluctuations in Indian housing&nbsp;markets have been time and again proved to be led by inflation (Granger Cause) (Richa Pandey &amp; V. Mary Jessica, 2020).</em> <em>The purpose of this study is to perform a comparative longitudinal analysis on Global Inflation with a special emphasis on Indian Economy.</em> <em>The study aims to observe the positive cause-effect relationship between the rise of money supply and circulation in the economy and the succeeding rise in housing prices. As Gregory Wolfe theorised, &ldquo;The inflation of our time is intimately connected with some of its most obdurate ideas, forces, postulates, and institutions and can be overcome only by influencing these profound causes and conditions. It is not just a disorder of the monetary system which can be left to financial experts to redress, it is a moral disease, a disorder of society. This inflation, too, belongs to the things which can be understood and remedied only in the area beyond supply and demand.&rdquo;</em> <em>Friedman&rsquo;s permanent income hypothesis suggests that people would change their desired consumption if changes in housing prices affect their expected lifetime wealth. Moreover, an inflationary housing market can be termed essentially, as one of the most major contributors to a nation&rsquo;s overall inflation (Jared Bernstein, Ernie Tedeschi, and Sarah Robinson, 2021).</em> <em>A comparative longitudinal analysis on inflation can provide significant insights into the evolution of prices over time. By comparing inflation rates across different countries, researchers can identify patterns and commonalities that can help explain the underlying causes of inflation.</em> <em>Additionally, by looking at inflation over a long period of time, this research can help economists, administrators and businesses in identifying periods of high and low inflation to investigate the factors that may have contributed to these changes. In general, inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the price level of goods and services in an economy. Over time, inflation can erode the purchasing power of a currency, as prices for goods and services rise faster than the currency&rsquo;s value. There are a variety of factors that can contribute to inflation, including increases in the cost of production, changes in monetary policy, and demand-side pressures.</em>

Gitanjali Shree, now seen in the elite group of Booker winners, basically a teacher of English and social studies, has solicited a coveted recognition for herself with her brilliant writing skill in Hindi. Indian academics and literary sphere owe a rich tradition of such all-round competence of certain eminent personalities who having a commanding deft in their professional discipline flaunts an equal skill in a discipline of a different language. Many a shining name like Firaq Gorakpuri, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Ram Villas Sharma, Madhav Kaushik, Anamika, Ashok Vajpayee and lastly, but not the least, to mention the name of Gitanjali Shree is a strong testimony that Indian intelligentsia is multidisciplinary. In the current monograph the author intends to analyze certain features in the dialectics of South Asian literature in Gitanjali Shree’s Booker Award winning work of Ret Samadhi, Tomb of Sand. One sole purpose of this investigation is to ascertain accuracy in her portrayal of Indian society in 21st century. If this portrayal conforms to the tradition of early Booker winner writers like Rushdi, Naipaul, Adiga, Desai and Roy or it has modulated the depiction of South Asian society with a distinguished prying into it. One of the arch constituents of South Asian dialectics is a vivid sketch of society with all its chores and an imitative representation of the entire zeitgeist. From this perspective how well, the authoress has succeeded in foregrounding the apparent and subterranean reality has to be weighed in this paper. There is an easily perceptible thread of commonality in almost all Indian Booker winner writers that is to expose even the hidden vulnerabilities of Indian society and to ignore even the most conspicuous beauties of it. Is Gitanjali also treading on the same path or she has her own trajectory with some distinction is another intent of this research paper.

An analysis of the present day Hindi, as spoken in the northern part of India, brings to light the fact that this language has at least twenty vowel phonemes, and not simply thirteen. Twelve of these twenty vowel phonemes are oral while eight of them are nasalized. Eighteen of them are pure vowels (monophthongs) while two of them are diphthongs. Two of the thirteen vowels included in the current list of alphabet have given place to two consonants with the result that they have ceased to exist. Most of these vowel phonemes occur in all the three positions, namely initial, medial and final, in the Hindi words.&#x0D; References&#x0D; &#x0D; Agnihotri, Rama Kant. (2007). Hindi: An Essential Grammar. London: Routledge.&#x0D; Chatterjee, Suniti Kumar. (1942). Indo-Aryan and Hindi: Eight Lectures. Ahmedabad: Gujarat Vernacular Society. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.2478.&#x0D; Duncan Forbes. (1846). A Grammar of the Hindustani Language in the Oriental and Roman Character, London: W. H. Allen &amp; Co. Retrieved from: https://ia801408.us.archive.org/ 27/items/agrammarhindstn00forbgoog/agrammarhindstn00forbgoog.pdf.&#x0D; Dwivedi, Kapildev. (2016). Bhasha Vigyan Evam Bhasha Shastra [Philology and Linguistics]. Varanasi: Vishvavidaya Prakashan.&#x0D; Greaves, Edwin. (1921). Hindi Grammar. Allahabad: Indian Press.&#x0D; Guru, Kamta Prasad. (2009 rpt. [1920]). Hindi Vyakaran [Grammar of Hindi]. New Delhi: Prakashan Sansthan.&#x0D; Koul, Omkar N. (2008). Modern Hindi Grammar. Springfield: Dunwoody Press.&#x0D; Pahwa, Thakardass. (1919). The Modern Hindustani Scholar; or, The Pucca Munshi. Jhalum: Printed at the Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta and published by the author.&#x0D; Shakespear, John. (1845). An Introduction to the Hindustani Language. Comprising a Grammar, and a Vocabulary, English and Hindustani. London: Wm. H. Allen &amp; Co. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi00shakrich.&#x0D; Sharan, Ram Lochan. (1920). Hindi Vyakaran Chandrodaya [Chandrodaya Hindi Grammar]. Darbhanga: Hindi Pustak Bhandar.&#x0D; Sharma, Aryendra. (1994). A Basic Grammar of Hindi. Delhi: Central Hindi Directorate.&#x0D; Tiwari, Bhola Nath. (1958). Hindi Bhasha ka Saral Vyakaran [A Simple Grammar of Hindi]. Delhi: Rajkamal.&#x0D; Tiwari, Uday Narayan. (2009). Hindi Bhasha ka Udgam aur Vikas [Origin and Development of Hindi Language]. Allahabad: Lok Bharati, 2009.&#x0D; Tweedie, J. (1900). Hindustani as It Ought to be Spoken. London: W. Thacker. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/hindstniasitoug00tweegoog/page/n6.&#x0D; Verma, Ram Chandra. (1961) Manak Hindi Vyakaran [Standard Grammar of Hindi]. Varanasi: The Chaukhambha Vidya Bhawan.&#x0D; &#x0D; Sources&#x0D; &#x0D; www.wikihow.com/Learn-Hindi&#x0D; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari&#x0D;

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University at Qena on sandy soil to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on productivity and grain protein content of wheat. Seven different treatments with three replications each were carried out in the plot in RCB design. The recommended NPK, FYM and biofertilizer (<em>Azotobacter chroococcum</em>) were applied alone and in various combinations among them. The study revealed that the integration of organic manures in combination with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers was found significant in improving the overall yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and grain protein content than the sole application of either of these nutrients. Maximum grain yield (2356 kg ha^-1) and straw yield (3614 kg ha^-1) were observed with treatment T6 (half of the recommended NPK + 10 tons FYM + biofertilizer). Like grain and straw yields, the highest grain protein content (11.95%) observed from T6.&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Key words:</strong> biofertilizers, <em>Azotobacter</em>, FYM, grain yield, grain protein content. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 12th ed. Association of Official Analysis Chemists, Washington, DC. U.S.A. Arora, S. 2008. Balanced nutrition for sustainable crop production. Krishi World: 1-5. Askar, F.A., Morel, S. and El-Zaher, H. 1994. Sewage sludge as natural conditioner for newly reclaimed soils. 1-Effect on soil moisture retention characteristics and size distribution. Egypt J. Soil Sci. 34 (1): 67-77. Atia, N.A. and Aly, R.M. 1998. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with the application of rabbit manure on yield potentiality of wheat in sandy soils. Zagazig J. Aric. Res. 25 (4): 595-617. Badr, A., Elham, O.M.&nbsp; and El-Kramany, I.M.F. 2009. Interaction effect of biological and organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars. Egyptian Journal of Agronomy 31, 17-27. Bahrani, A.J. and Pourreza Hagh Joo, M. 2010. Response of Winter Wheat to Co-Inoculation with Azotobacter and Arbescular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) under Different Sources of Nitrogen Fertilizer. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural &amp; Environmental Science 8, 95-103 Choudhury, A.T.M.A. and Kennedy, I.R.&nbsp; 2005. Nitrogen fertiliser losses from rice soils and control of environmental pollution problems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 36, 1625&ndash;1639. De Datta, S.K. and Buresh, R.J.&nbsp; 1989. Integrated nitrogen management in irrigated rice. Advances in Soil Science 10, 143&ndash;169. El-Bagoury, Olfat H., Hegazi, A.M., Mostafa, M.T.&nbsp; and El-Afandy, K.h.T. 1998. Influence of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on chemical composition and technological characters of wheat under irrigation with saline water. Proc. 8^th Conf. Agron., Fac. Agric., Suez Canal Univ.1:62-72, Egypt. El-Garhi., A.S., Atia, N.A.&nbsp; and Sara E.E.F. 2007. Effect of inoculating N-fixing bacteria (Cerealine) on wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum,</em> L.) growth and nutrient content. Zagazig J. Agric. Res. 34(2): 249-273. Elsayed, M.Z., Abd El-Sattar, A.E., Basha, H.A.&nbsp; and Abd El-Hammeed, I.M. 2005. Improvement of wheat productivity in newly reclaimed soil in Egypt. Annals UMCS, Sec. E.60:113-121.&nbsp;&nbsp; Fayez, M., Emam, N.F.&nbsp; and Makboul, H.E. 1985. The possible use of nitrogen fixing <em>Azospirilum </em>as biofertilizer for wheat plants. Egyptian Journal of Microbiology 20, 199-206. Hegab, S.A.M. and Abou El-Wafa, A.M. 2005. Relative efficiency of some nitrogen sources for maize and wheat crops. Egypt J. Appl. Sci. 20 (5a):109-127. Jaga, P.K. and Singh, V. 2010. Effect of biofertilizer, nitrogen and sulphur on sorghum-mustard cropping system. Proceedings of National Seminar on Soil Security for Sustainable Agriculture held at College of Ariculture, Nagypur (M.S. on February 27-28, 2010). Jen-Hshuan, C. 2006. The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers and/or biofertilizer for crop growth and soil fertility. Int. Workshop on Management of the Soil -Rhizosphere System for Efficient Crop Production and Fertilizer Use, Land Development Department, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Kannaiyan, S. 2002. Biotechnology of Biofertilizers. Alpha Sci. Inter. Ltd Box 4067 Pangbourne AGB But., M.K. pp:1-27. Kiani M.J., Abbasi, M.K.&nbsp; and Rahim, N. 2005. Use of organic manure with mineral N fertilizer increases wheat yield at Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 51(3):299-309. Kler, F., Sharma, C.R. and Sharma, J. 2007. Effect of rock phosphate enriched FYM on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping sequence in acid alfisol. Himachal Nawab, K., Amanullah, M. and Ali, A. 2006. Response of wheat to farm yard manure, potassium and zinc under rainfad cropping patterns. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. 1(1): 1-9. Ozturk, A., Caglar, O. and Sahin, F. 2003. Yield response of wheat and barley to inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at various levels of nitrogen fertilization. J. plant Nutrition and soil Sci. 166 (2): 262-266. Radwan, S.M.A. and Hussein, H.F. 1996. Effect of bio. and organic fertilization on wheat yield under different weed control treatments. Egyptian J. Appl. Sci. 11:267-281. Ram M., Davari, M. R.&nbsp; and Sharma, S.N. 2014. Direct, residual and cumulative effects of organic manures and biofertilizers on yields, NPK uptake, grain quality and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic farming of rice-wheat cropping system. Journal of Agriculture Research, 25(1/2): 13-18. Shabayek, A.A. 1997. Sources of mineralizable soil nitrogen as affected by different organic amendments in sandy soils. Zagazig J. Agric. Res. 24 (1):149-168 Sharief, A.E., El-Kalla, S.E., Leilah, A.A.&nbsp; and Mostafa, H.E.M. 1998. Response of wheat cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer levels and biological fertilization. J.Agric.Sci. 23(12):5807-5816.&nbsp; Mansoura Univ., Egypt. Subba-Rao, N.S. 1984. Biofertilizers In Agriculture. Oxford, IBH Company. New Delhi, India. pp.10-20. Yakout, G.M., Greish, M.H.&nbsp; and Ata-Alla, R.A. 1998. Response of wheat crop to seeding rates, nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure under new reclaimed soil conditions.Proc. 8^th Conf. Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Suez Canal Univ.1:111-116, Egypt.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> A field experiment was conducted during the <em>Rabi</em> seasons 2004-05 on sandy clay loam to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizers and farmyard manure on yield, nutrient content and quality of potato (<em>Solanum</em> <em>tuberosum </em>L).The yield and quality of potato tubers were influenced by the rate of nitrogen and farmyard manure. Application of 180 kg N ha^-1 along with 24 t FYM ha^-1gave significantly higher yield. The concentration of N, P and K in tubers increased with increasing levels of N and FYM. Addition of N and FYM significantly enhanced the quality of potato. Maximum carbohydrate, crude protein and ascorbic acid was recorded in the treatment combination of N₁₈₀F₂₄. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Anonymous, 1990.<em>Official method of Analysis</em>.Association&nbsp; of official Analytical chemists Ed. 15^th Washington, D.C. Bagdonien V., Arlauskien E.L. Slepetien,A. 1998.Me&scaron;loirmineraliniųtrą&scaron;ųefektyvumassejomainoje.Žemdirbyst.Mokslodarbai.Akademija, 63, 70-81. Belec, C., Dextraze, L., Tremblat, N., Coulombs, j., Lamy, P. and Chabot, R. 2003. A&nbsp; dehydrated orange-mineral fertilizer nitrogen source for broccoli. <em>ActaHorti</em>. 627: 73-79. Boteva, H.M. 2009. Variation in yield and quality of spinach produced at different mineral nutrition. <em>ActaHorti.,</em><strong>830</strong>: 413-417. Brar, B. S., Dhillon, W. S. and chhina, H. S. (2001).Integrated use of farm yard manure and inorganic fertilizers in maize (<em>Zea mays</em>).<em>Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, </em><strong>71</strong>(9): 605-607<strong>.</strong> Devi, M. U., Munaswamy, V., Santaiah, V. and Rao, A. P.1999. Uptake of major and secondary nutrients by groundnut as affected by sulphur levels under farmers field condition. <em>Legume Research</em>, <strong>22</strong>(1) : 31-36 Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984) Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research - An International Rice Research Institute Book, A Wiley Inter science, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, USA. Hangarge, D. S., Rault, R. S., Malewar, G. V., More, S. D. and Keshbhat, S. S.2002. yield attributes and nutrient uptake by chilli due to organics and inorganics on vertisol<em>.</em><em>Journal of&nbsp; Maharashtra Agricultural Univ</em>ersity, <strong>127</strong>(1):109-110. Hodge, J.E. and Hofreiter, B.T. 1962. Determination of reuing sugars and carbohydrates.In carbohydrate Chemistry (Eds. Whistler, R.L. and B.E. Miller J.N) <em>Valag Berlin</em>, <strong>1</strong>: 468-502. Jackson, M.L. (1967). <em>Soil Chemical Analysis</em>. Prentice Hall Inc., England, Cliffs, N.J. S. Jackson, M.L. (1973). <em>Soil Chemical Analysis</em>.Prentice Hall of India, Private Limited, New Delhi.P.478. Karitonas, R. 2003. Development of a nitrogen management tool for broccoli. In: Proc. XXVI. IHC-Fertil.Strateg. Field Veg. Prod. <em>ActaHorti</em>.<strong><em>627</em></strong>: 125&ndash;129. Khan, N.A., Ali,N. and Rab, A.2000. Role of nitrogen in production of quality potatoes.<em>Pakistan J. Soil Sci</em>. 16: 81-88. Kumar, M. and Kohli, U.K. 2006. Enhanced productivity and quality of tomato through balanced fertilization in the hills, <em>Proceeding of International Symposium on Balanced Fertilization,</em> Ludhiana, India, 22-25 November, pp 515-517. Liu, W. and Li, S. 2003.Effects of organic nutrient solution on growth and quality of pak-choi under soil less culture. <em>ActaHorti</em>.<strong>627</strong>, 139 &ndash; 144. Mahmud, K., Ahmad, I. and Ayub, A. 2003.Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Fodder Yield and Quality of Two Sorghum Cultivars (<em>Sorghum bicolor </em>L.).<em>Int. J. of&nbsp; Agric. and&nbsp; Bio</em>.<strong>5</strong>: 61-63. Nair, M., Peter, K. V. and Nair, M. 1990. Organic, inorganic fertilizers and their combination on yield and storage life of hot&nbsp; chilli<em>. Veg. Sci.</em><strong>17</strong>(1): 7-10. Ouda, B. A. and Mohadeen, A. Y. 2008.Effect&nbsp; of fertilizers on growth, yield, yield components, quality and certain nutrient contents in broccoli<em> (Brassica oleracea</em>L. var. <em>Italica</em>). <em>Int. J. of&nbsp; Agric. and&nbsp; Bio</em>.<strong>10:</strong> 627&ndash;32. Shashi Pal, S.,Vinay, S. and Ram, L.1996.Effect of phosphorus and farmyard manure application on yield, content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur by potato (Solanumtuberosum). Indian J. Agron.<strong>41(4)</strong>: 630-632. Singh, S.N., Singh, M. and Grewal, J.S. 1982.&nbsp; Dry matter production and NPK uptake by the potato kufriChandramukhi (<em>Solunumtuberosum</em> L.) in alluvial soils. J of Indian potato Assoc. <strong>6</strong>: 78-86. Singh, R., Sharma, R. R., Satyendra-Kumar, Gupta, R. K. and Patil, R. T. 2008.Vermicompost substitution influnace growth, physiological disorders, fruit yield and fruit quality of strawberry (<em>Fragaria x ananassaDuch</em>.) <em>Bioresource Technology</em>, <strong>99</strong>: 8507-8511. Sud, K.C., Sharma, R.C. and Govinda, K.P.M. 1992. Influence of organic manure and nitrogen levels on nutrient status, translocation, yield and tuber quality in four based cropping system<em>. Indian J. Potato Assoc</em>.<strong>19</strong>:5-12.

This paper close reads the short story collection Intriguing Women by Laxmi Raj Sharma to explicate upon the theme of ideological subversion within it. Sharma deploys his female characters as agents of destabilisation that assert their own identity and thus question the dominant social constructs. In doing this, these characters raise questions about the ruling ideology and its established norms of behavior, selfhood and performance. While Sharma’s usage of motifs and structural forms makes the stories works of art, the actions of his characters make them didactic and pushes the readers towards questioning some of their fundamental assumptions.

Title – A messy picture. Subject area – Human resource management, business ethics, public policy. Study level/applicability – The case can also be taught in MBA/postgraduate in management programmes in general management or HR classes to give a lesson in organizational conflict and resolution, negotiation skills (strategies, tactics and power in negotiation) towards the middle or end of the course. The course can also be taught in MBA/postgraduate in management programmes in business ethics classes to make students appreciate the various approaches to ethics – end-results, duty, social contract and personalistic ethics. It also helps students learn how to institute ethics into the cultural fabric of the organization. In public policy programmes, it could be taught to illustrate the crucial role and at times unintended outcomes of actions of street level bureaucracies in policy implementation. The course can also be taught in refresher training programmes for executives to give lessons in conflict management, mediation strategies, union negotiations and ethics. Case overview – This teaching case is based on a real incident that took place in a defence production factory of India in the year 2009. It succinctly unfolds a small showdown between two officers that acquires a disproportionate size and explosive dimension and vitiates the environment of the entire organization. The case is a narration of a small row that in no time became a full-blown organizational dispute with layers of issues. Two officers, one very senior and the other influential, got entangled in a conflict, unfortunately in the presence of a large audience; dissatisfied workers and officers fanned the sentiments and encouraged them to unethically leverage legal privileges by gaming in the name of caste and sexual harassment to gain power in the messy dispute. The protagonist Ram Sharma, the General Manager (head) of the factory, is in a precarious situation as the conflict not only puts his managerial skills but also his moral standards and ethics to test. Expected learning outcomes – After discussion and analysis of this case, the students should be able to: appreciate and evaluate the complexities and multiple facets of an organizational conflict including ethical challenges faced in a real life situation, recommend the options and course of action a manager could resort to in a high stake and time bound situation, learn to develop a basic framework for analysing, negotiations and strategize to resolve a conflict as a manager-mediator in such a situation, learn to handle difficult negotiation bound by complexities of unethical and legal disputes, answer to themselves the criticality of ground level bureaucracy ' s role in implementation of public policies (optional if the faculty decides to discuss the part provided in the teaching note). For international students, this is a case to learn dynamics of “negotiations in Indian context”. Overall development of critical thinking and analytical skills. Supplementary materials – Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

This article examines the legal issues associated with the application of the dual contract system, tabarru’ and tijārah, in sharia insurance industries in Indonesia. This qualitative study used secondary data. It is linked up with clauses and conditions of the contract used by Islamic insurance industries in Indonesia. This method is used for the purpose to examine the legal reasoning regarding the application of the contracts of tabarru’ and tijārah in Islamic insurance products. The research approach to the problems is normative-juridical. It is a method employed to figure out the legal problems based on secondary data. This study found that the application of Islamic insurance contracts was not created a separation between the returns obtained from the sectors tabarru’ with tijārah. This shows that the dualism of tabarru’ and tijārah contracts in sharia insurance in Indonesia is not in line with the basic principles of sharia engagement.

The problem in this paper that we want to study is related to the implementation of sharia financial institutions' mudharabah agreements when they are in the position of amil. In reality, sharia financial institutions do not carry out real business activities, but throw back the capital they receive to other parties or third parties, so how is the mudharabah agreement implemented in sharia financial institutions? The method used is descriptive qualitative. By describing descriptively what is obtained from books and journals. As for the results of the problem, it can be described that legally a sharia financial institution with its capacity as the first 'amil is allowed to enter into mudharabah contracts with other parties (entrepreneurs), so that its capacity changes to become the second rab al-mal. However, this ability is only legally justified if the 'amil's actions are permitted by the first rab al-mal.

Sharma, Varinder, Singh, Rai (2023): Sonchus wightianus DC. Additions to Angiosperm diversity of Doaba region of Punjab, India compiled by Kaur et al., (2017). Species (e28s1028) 24 (73): 1-3, DOI: 10.54905/disssi/v24i73/e28s1028, URL: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi/v24i73/e28s1028

Pati, S.K., Sharma, R.M. (2014): Description of Ghatiana, a new genus of freshwater crab, with two new species and a new species of Gubernatoriana (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghat Mountains, India. Journal of Natural History 48 (21): 1279-1298, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.859315

Joshi, Manishkumar J., Muralidharan, Chandera Madiyan, Sharma, Kapil Mohan, Patel, Prakash Sanjabhai, Varadharasu, Prithiv Raj (2023): Seasonal incidence of Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on different varieties of date palm in Kachchh region of Western India. Persian Journal of Acarology 12 (1): 91-100, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v12i1.76729

Moawia, E.M., Ensaf, S.I., Sharma, R.M. (2012): First record of Resseliella salvadorae (Rao) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its parasitoid from stem and leaf galls of Salvadora persica L. Sudan. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4 (13): 3215-3217, DOI: 10.11609/JoTT.o2872.3215-7, URL: http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/816

<em>An MPSoC architecture is proposed with shared bus interconnect and its components mainly comprising of soft IPs. The proposed MPSoC architecture has four masters and four slaves communicated over a shared bus interconnect. Each master deals with two 16-bit inputs and process among an output of 32-bit. The slaves are four independent RAM soft IPs to be designed to handle 32-bit data. The main theme is to make the four masters and four slaves to get their tasks accessed through a 32-bit shared bus interconnect. Initially the soft IPs of processors and RAM memory elements are to be designed and to be verified using Modelsim simulation software. Before developing the proposed architecture, a prototype of one master to four slaves (1:4) with a simple address decoding scheme has to be developed and simulated in Modelsim simulation software. The prototype model architecture should be synthesized under target device Altera Cyclone II using Quartus synthesizing tool. The proposed architecture of 4 masters and 4 slaves with a common shared bus interconnect should be achieved and implement the entire architecture over Altera FPGA board and verify its functionality.</em> &nbsp;

Ovaj rad prezentira razmišljanja autora o moralno-šerijatskoj dimenziji naučnog istraživanja. U uvodnom dijelu autor ističe značaj islama za ljudski rod, a potom objašnjava značenje termina moralno-šerijatska dimenzija i šta se pod tim podrazumijeva u kontekstu zadate teme. U nastavku autor pojašnjava koje su, sa šerijatskog aspekta, dozvoljene sfere i metode naučnog istraživanja, zatim objašnjava koji učenjaci imaju pravo da tumače šta je u tom pogledu halāl a šta harām i koja su svojstva tih učenjaka. Autor navodi i razmišljanja o ovoj problematici nekih savremenih bosanskohercegovačkih učenjaka i govori o odgovornosti muslimana u sprečavanju zloupotrebe naučnih otkrića. Na kraju rada su zaključci i preporuke koje mogu pomoći u realizaciji ideje usklađivanja naučnoistraživačkog rada sa šerijatskim propisima i primjeni naučnih otkrića u korist čovjeka, a ne na njegovu štetu. Ključne riječi: moral, Šerijat, naučno istraživanje, halāl, harām, pravne norme, intencije Šerijata

Pandey, Alka Raj, Ahmad, Shadab, Singh, Suriya Pratap, Mishra, Anjali, Bisen, Amol Chhatrapati, Sharma, Gaurav, Ahmad, Ishbal, Shukla, Sanjeev K., Bhatta, Rabi Sankar, Kanojiya, Sanjeev, Tamrakar, Akhilesh Kumar, Sashidhara, Koneni V. (2022): Furostanol saponins from Asparagus racemosus as potential hypoglycemic agents. Phytochemistry (113286) 201: 1-13, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113286

The price of a house that is increasingly expensive makes not everyone can afford it because home is one of the basic needs for everyone. Bank Muamalat Indonesia has a financing product for the home namely is financing musyārakah mutanāqişah wal ijārah.&#x0D; This research is both a descriptive analysis, i.e. the author lays out all the data that includes data about the reasons to use the musyārakah mutanāqişah wal ijārah in financing Residential Sharia in PT.Bank Muamalat Indonesia Branch Ponorogo. contract relationships and data on musyārakah mutanāqişah and ijārah in financing Residential Sharia in PT.Bank Muamalat Indonesia Branch systematically Ponorogo, meticulous and factual with the deductive pattern i.e. a fringe theories or propositions that are common on musyārakah mutanāqişah then do an analysis of the data concerning multi contract to acquire a specific conclusion.This research concluded that the reason Bank Muamalat Indonesia branch using contract Ponorogo musyārakah mutanāqişah wal ijārah in financing the residence of Islamic Muamalat (PHSM) namely musyārakah mutanāqişah wal ijārah is suitable for contract be used as an alternative solution in financing PHSM in Bank Muamalat Indonesia branch Ponorogo.Bank Muamalat Indonesia branch using contract Ponorogo musyārakah mutanāqişah wal ijārah in financing the residence of Islamic Muamalat (PHSM) is reviewed from a multiple of contract that is allowed under Islamic law and does not include the category of the prohibition Hadith.The relationship contract musyārakah mutanāqişah and ijārah in Islamic Muamalat Residential Financing (PHSM) in Bank Muamalat Indonesia branch Ponorogo i.e. Shirkat al-' Belong ' (shared ownership) and ijārah.

In a world of today, environment is under the shroud of great threat caused by human rationality and scientific advancement. This paper attempts at exploring how human civilization of today has been a main cause of ecological degradation resulting in manifold of serious problems to the present and even to the future generation through the poetry of Sharma and Rai. The materialistic society, by forgetting the essence of humanity and the harmonious relationship between man and nature has become a prey to self-destruction. Ecocriticism has emerged as a catalyst to eliminating the gap between man and nature. Academia literati, through their works try to impart awareness in favor of human civilization to conserve nature in order to make life sustainable and worth living, but economic value system of our society forces one to become deaf and dumb. Many essayists, poets and story writers show their deep concern to environmental crisis. Great tension between natural world and human world which are on collision course and how it is targeting third world generation is, perhaps, the best example of Covid-19. We forget that we are social animal. Sharma and Rai return air-compressed say of people to their true color. Natural calamities are resulted from human deliberate actions which are for the time being appears to be profitable but later on proved to be long lasting danger to which they are quite unaware of. Our ethics is to follow natural etiquette and to protect impending generation. Ethics and moral responsibility of so called ultra-modern people of today’s society is neither wholeheartedly viable to their familial, societal circle nor does honestly fit with physical environment. This paper unveils the reason to why one should create friendly environment in communion with the soul of nature and how environment is being polluted, how nature is educating the human society to remain truthful to each other to become healthy and sustainable.

We measured a series of six duckfoot shares in the years 1999&amp;ndash;2000. The purpose of the research project resulted from the Grant EP7111 and the Research project MSM J06/98:122200002/I. We described forces affecting machine implements and we consequently calculated measuring resistances during the ploughing. The deeper the subterranean the higher the linear growth of forces. If the subterranean rises from eight to ten centimetres, it will appear an increase in forces of 59.61 in the horizontal plane and of 30.84 in the vertical plane. If the driving speed increases from 5.91 km/h to 11.38 km/h, i.e. 1.64 m/s to 3.16 m/s, the forces will intensify to 53.11 in the horizontal plane and to 25.8 in the vertical plane. We deducted an outstanding influence of soil moisture on the resistance of the duckfoot shares at all three stages.

Deepak Kumar and Raj Sekhar Basu, eds, Medical Encounters in British India, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2013, 329 pp.; Samiksha Sehrawat, Colonial Medical Care in North India: Gender State and Society c. 1840–1920, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2013, 292 pp.; Poonam Bala, ed., Contesting Colonial Authority: Medicine and Indigenous Responses in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India, Delhi: Primus Books, 2016, 158 pp.; and Madhuri Sharma, Indigenous and Western Medicine in Colonial India, Delhi: Foundation Books, 2012, 177 pp.

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Two contrasting viewpoints emerge over the issue of rad inheritance, notably concerning the events at the Syar'iyah Court. One viewpoint granted Baitul Mal the remaining inheritance, while the other viewpoint maintained that the heirs were entitled to reclaim their remaining assets. This study aims to identify the key elements considered by the justices of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court and the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court while making their verdicts in this case, as well as how Islamic law assesses the resolution of inheritance disputes related to property rights. This study scrutinizes the empirical legal research methodologies employed by analyzing them from the perspective of Islamic legal theory. The data is collected by conducting interviews and accessing material in libraries. The findings indicate that the Banda Aceh Sharia Court's Panel of Judges awarded the remaining inheritance to Baitul Mal, in accordance with the book Hasyiyah al-Bajuri, Qanun Number 11 of 2002, and Article 11 paragraph (1), and Article 14 of Aceh Qanun Number 7 of 2004, which pertain to the implementation of Islamic Sharia in the fields of Aqidah, Worship, and Islamic Sharia, and Zakat Management, respectively. Per Article 193 KHI, the justices of the Aceh Syari'yah Court hold a differing opinion regarding the distribution of any leftover inheritance to the heirs of the zawil furudh. According to Islamic family law, Zaid bin Thabit and a few Malikiyah and Syafi'iyah jurists endorse the choice of Baitul Mal to accept the remaining bequest. Furthermore, Uthman bin Affan's viewpoint about the application of rad, which includes marital relations, asserts that all furudhheirs possess the right to rad. This stance is also backed by the ruling of the Panel of Judges of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court.

Over the course of its development, Sharia law, like other legal systems, has gone through periods of rise and stagnation. These processes were closely related to the development of society and the state, their highs and lows. Although it was based on the universal Islamic principles that represented its foundation, the building of Sharia law was built with various elements of an interpretative character from primary and secondary sources. Sharia law did not operate in isolation from other legal systems it encountered, came into contact with and co-operated with. This paper aims at pointing to the emergence of a hybrid, mixed legal system, which was created through the cooperation of two different legal systems on the territory of today’s India under the rule of the British Raj. Anglo-Muhammadan law developed on two foundations: a) on individual Shariah regulations of family and property law and b) on the principles of common law of the legal system of justice, equity and good conscience.

ABSTRACT Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMFT) also known as pseudotumor is a condition of unknown etiology, that mimmicks a neoplastic process clinically and radiologically. They occur all over the body with few exceptions. In the head and neck region, they are rare. The orbit, maxilla, nasopharynx and skull base are sites where they have been reported. We present a case of a 32-year-old male having a mass in the cheek, which presented a diagnostic challenge. How to cite this article Sura J, Raj A, Rathore PK, Sharma D, Khurana N, Wadhwa V, Bhargava E. Rare Nasal Mass: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):38-40.

Given the ongoing COVID-19 (C-19) crisis in Nepal, this section includes some vignettes related to combatting the crisis in Nepal, and includes diverse experiences. When the editor-in-chief of this journal invited me to assist, I thought it would be useful to present the experiences of the actual professionals engaged in combating the pandemic in the field. This effort resulted in the collection of brief articles in the form of commentaries in this section.&#x0D; &#x0D; Voices from the Field: Combating COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal: Section Editor; Shyam Thapa&#x0D; Mobilizing Ambulance Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Kathmandu Valley: Kulesh B. Thapa&#x0D; A Medical Officer Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic in Far-western Nepal: Robin Jung Bhandari&#x0D; Upon being Discharged from the Hospital, I felt as if I was Released from a Prison: The Experience of a Coronavirus-infected Nurse: Ismita Sharma&#x0D; From the Desk of a Psychiatrist: Emerging Mental Health Issues during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Rishav Koirala&#x0D; Higher Workload Experienced by Women During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: Shristi Kolakshyapati, Binita Pandey, Bindu Sharma, Elawati KC&#x0D; COVID-19 Kaleidoscope on the FM Radio: Samjhana Paudel&#x0D; Rising Levels of Suicide during the Pandemic: Bidhya Rai&#x0D;

Pariwisata merupakan sektor yang sangat mudah untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah pada pendapatan daerah. Akhir-akhir ini konsep pariwisata syariah sedang marak dirancang dan dikembangkan di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Kabupaten Cirebon merupakan salah satu daerah yang sudah memiliki modal dalam mengembangkan pariwisata syariah karena sudah memiliki obyek wisata religi yang sangat ramai dikunjungi oleh wisatawan. Namun, perlu ditelaah mengenai daya dukung dan daya hambat berkembangnya wisata syariah di Kabupaten Cirebon tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif karena bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran secara lebih mendalam akan suatu fenomena dibandingkan untuk mengukur pengaruh suatu fenomena terhadap suatu kejadian. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Cirebon merupakan daerah yang potensial untuk mengembangkan pariwisata syariah. Beberapa obyek wisata di Kabupaten Cirebon sudah dikembangkan kea rah pariwisata syariah. Begitu juga dengan UMKM di sektor kuliner ataupu perbelanjaan yang juga didorong untuk melakukan sertifikasi halal supaya koheren dengan program pengembangan pariwisata syariah tersebut. Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Cirebon sudah melakukan berbagai program dan kegiatan untuk mendorong terwujudnya pariwisata syariah.

Abstract The production of a good quality arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculum is essential for its application in sustainable agriculture. The system for producing AMF inoculum using vermiculite, Perlite, and soilrite mixed at 3:1:1 as substrate with the addition of nutrient solution is a well-known method of mass production. However, organic and inorganic amendments added to the substrate can stimulate colonization and sporulation of AMF and increase the overall quality of the inoculum. The present study was undertaken to improve the quality of AMF Funneliformis caledonius (earlier called Glomus caledonium) culture using selected organic and inorganic amendments (humate, chitosan, kaolin, bentonite, biochar, vermicompost and fermented cocopeat) added to the usual substrate. The results of the experiment revealed that the production of spores, infective propagules (IP) and per cent root colonization varied among the amendments. The increased spore numbers (66.5 and 62.5/g), root colonization (92 and 85%) and IP numbers were recorded in treatments amended with kaolin and biochar, respectively, each @10g/kg substrate. The system of inoculum production using substrate amended with 1% kaolin or 1% biochar favours the production of good quality inoculum of F. caledonius compared to the conventional method. Reference Agnihotri, R., Sharma, M. P., Bucking, H., Dames, J. F. and Bagyaraj, D. J., 2022. Methods for assessing the quality of AM fungal bio-fertilizer: Retrospect and future directions. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 38(6):1-14. Aishwarya, M.H. and Mallesha, B.C., 2019. Oyster Mushrooms Spent Substrate in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculum Production. Mysore J. Agric. Sci.,. 53(4):49-53. Anand, K., Pandey, G.K, Kaur, T., Pericak, O., Olson, C. and Mohan, R., 2022. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a potential biofertilizers for agricultural sustainability. Journal of Appl. Biol. Biotechnol. 10(1):90-107. Bagyaraj, D.J., Ashwin, R. and Praveen, R., 2023. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their role in soil health. In: Sustainable Soil Management: Beyond Food Production (Eds.) Somasundaram, J., Dalal, R.C., Lal, R., Newcastle, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, UK, pp. 272-292. Bagyaraj, D.J., 2011. Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry, NIPA Publishers, New Delhi. Barazetti, A.R., Simionato, A.S., Navarro, M.O.P, Santos, I.M.O, Modolon, F. and Lima Andreata, M.F., 2019. Formulations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum applied to soybean and corn plants under controlled and field conditions. Appl. Soil Ecol., 142:25-33. Ceulemans, T., Van Geel, M., Jacquemyn, H., Boeraeve, M., Plue, J. and Kasari, L., 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in European grasslands under nutrient pollution. Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 28(12):1796-1805. Coelho, I.R., Pedone-Bonfim, M.V., Silva, F.S. and Maia, L.C., 2014. Optimization of the production of mycorrhizal inoculum on substrate with organic fertilizer. Braz. J. Microbiol., 45:1173-1178. Desai, S., Bagyaraj, D.J. and Ashwin, R., 2020. Inoculation with microbial consortium promotes growth of tomato and capsicum seedlings raised in pro trays. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India Sec. B Biol. Sci., 90(1):21-28. Douds, D.D., Nagahashi, G., Reider, C. and Hepperly, P.R., 2007. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases the yield of potatoes in a high P soil. Biol. Agric. Hortic., 25(1):67-78. Douds Jr., D.D., Nagahashi, G. and Hepperly, P.R., 2010. On-farm production of inoculum of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and assessment of diluents of compost for inoculum production. Bioresour. Technol., 101:2326–2330. Gaur, A. and Adholeya, A., 2005. Diverse response of five ornamental plant species to mixed indigenous and single isolate arbuscular mycorrhizal inocula in marginal soil amendment with organic matter. J. Plant Nutr., 28:707-723. Gerdemann, J. W. and Nicolson, T.H., 1963. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet-sieving and decanting. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 46:235–244. Giovannetti, M. and Mosse, B., 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol., 84:489-500. Hung, L.L. and Sylvia, D.M. 1988., Production of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum in aeroponic culture. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54:353-357. IJdo, M., Cranenbrouck, S. and Declerck, S. 2011., Methods for large-scale production of AM fungi: past, present, and future. Mycorrhiza, 21:1-16. Jayaratne, A.H.R. and Siriwardene, D., 2000. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum production for commercial use. Trop. Agric. Res. Ext., 3:137–140. Johnson, N.C., Angelard, C., Sanders, I.R. and Kiers, E.T., 2013. Predicting community and ecosystem outcomes of mycorrhizal responses to global change. Ecol. Lett., 16:140-153. Malusá, E., Sas-Paszt, L. and Ciesielska, J., 2012. Technologies for beneficial microorganisms inocula used as biofertilizers. Sci. World J., 491206. Paredes-Jácome, J.R., Hernández-Montiel, L.G., Robledo-Torres, V., González-Fuentes, J.A., Chiquito-Contreras, R.G. and Mendoza-Villarreal, R., 2022. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and organics substrates effect on bean plant morphology and minerals. Terra Latinoamericana. 40:1-10. e1012. Parihar, M., Rakshit, A., Rana, K., Tiwari, G., Jatav, S.S and Ram, H., 2022. Evaluation of various substrates for mycorrhizal inoculum production. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 92(1):31-35. Phillips, J.M. and Hayman, D.S., 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 55:158-IN18. Porter, W.M. 1979., The Most Probable Number method for enumerating infective propagules of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil. Soil Res., 17(3):515-519. Ranadev, P., Ashwin, R., Anuroopa, N. and Bagyaraj, D.J., 2022. Symbiotic response of fodder cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and field bean (Lablab purpureus L.) with different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. KAVAKA, 58(3):34-38. Ranadev, P., Ashwin, R., Joanna Dames, and Bagyaraj, D.J., 2023. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. In: Biofertilizers, (Ed.) Bevis, P.L., Nova Science Publishers, NY, USA. Sharma, S. and Aggarwal, A., 2015. Screening of different hosts and substrates for inocula production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza News. 27(1):6-10. Silva, F.S.B, Yano-Melo, A.M., Brandão, J.A.C. and Maia, L.C., 2005. Sporulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using Tris-CHl buffer in addition to nutrient solutions. Braz. J. Microbiol., 36:327-332. Silvana, V.M., Carlos, F.J., Lucía, A.C., Natalia, A. and Marta, C., 2020. Colonization dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Ilex paraguariensis crops: Seasonality and influence of management practices. J. King Saud Uni. Sci., 32(1):183-188. Smith, G.S., Johnston, C.M. and Cornforth, I.S., 1983. Comparison of nutrient solutions for growth of plants in sand culture. New Phytol., 94:537-548. Spoorthi, V.B., Ranadev, P., Ashwin, R. and Bagyaraj, J.D., 2022. Response of Capsicum annuum L. seedlings raised in pro trays to inoculation with AM fungus Glomus bagyarajii and K Solubilizing Bacterium Frateuria aurantia. Seeds, 1:315–323. Sreenivasa, M.N. and Bagyaraj, D.J., 1988. Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass), a better host for the mass production of Glomus fasciculatum inoculum. Plant and Soil, 106:289-290. Sreenivasa, M.N. and Bagyaraj, D.J., 1990. Suitable source and level of nitrogen for mass production of the VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum. In: Current trends in mycorrhizal research. Proceedings of the National Conference on Mycorrhiza, held at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India, pp. 14-16. Trejo-Aguilar, D. and Banuelos, J., 2020. Isolation and culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from field samples. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Methods and Protocols, pp.1-18.

Educational Development of Library and Information Science education in India, when Maharaja of Baroda invited an American librarian to set up public libraries in the state after independence, Library Associations in the country continued with the efforts for the development of Library and Information Science education in India. The discipline got recognition with the introduction of many courses at the university level. It has seen periods of growth and maturation. It is time for Introspection and a need to know the present status of LIS and areas that need improvement. Raj Kumar Sharma &quot;Library and Information Science Literacy in India: History- Development, Growth and Present Status of LIS Literacy in India&quot; Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21433.pdf

VikramshilaUniversity, an eminent center of Buddhist learning in ancient India, was established by King Dharmapala of the Pala Dynasty in the 8th-9th century CE (Sharma, 2018). Located in Kahalgaon, Bhagalpur, Bihar, the university played a crucial role in higher education and Buddhist studies. This research paper explores the historical, educational, and architectural significance of Vikramshila, its contribution to tourism, and its potential impact on the economic development of Bhagalpur. The study highlights government initiatives for the revival of Vikramshila as a heritage and educational site (Raj, 2023).Vikramshila University, an important learning center of ancient India, is located in Kahalgaon, Bhagalpur, Bihar. It has been a center for the spread of education and Buddhism and holds immense historical and cultural significance in terms of tourism. This research paper analyzes the historical importance of Vikramshila University, its tourism potential, and its role in the tourism development of Bhagalpur.

The assessment of population genetic structure is the basis for understanding the genetic information of indigenous breeds and is important for the protection and management of indigenous breeds. However, the population genetic differentiation of many local breeds still remains unclear. Here, we performed a genome-wide comparative analysis of Jinding, Liancheng white, Putian black, and Shanma ducks based on the genomic sequences using RAD sequencing to understand their population structure and genetic diversity. The population parameters showed that there were obvious genetic differences among the four indigenous breeds, which were separated groups. Among them, Liancheng white and Shanma ducks may come from the same ancestor because the phylogenetic tree forms three tree trunks. In addition, during the runs of homozygosity (ROH), we found that the average inbreeding coefficient of Liancheng white and Putian black ducks was the lowest and the highest, respectively. Five genomic regions were considered to be the hotspots of autozygosity among these indigenous duck breeds, and the candidate genes involved a variety of potential variations, such as muscle growth, pigmentation, and neuroregulation. These findings provide insights into the further improvement and conservation of Fujian duck breeds.

Investor protection is needed in IT-based Islamic crowdfunding services to avoid the use of funds that are not in accordance with the predetermined Budget Plan (RAB) and late sukuk payments by the Issuer. In fact, in the report submitted by PT LBS Urun Dana as the organiser, there are several issuers who are late in paying sukuk. This situation raises concerns and losses for investors. This research aims to see how investor protection arrangements for Information Technology-based Islamic crowdfunding services in Indonesia and how the law of these arrangements in the perspective of Sharia Economic Law. This type of research is qualitative literature research with a juridical-normative approach. Data collection is done through documents. This research concludes that there is no law that contains investor protection regulations in IT-based sharia crowdfunding services. The absence of this law has the potential for non-transparent fund management and misappropriation by the Issuer. Clear regulations to avoid losses so that they are in accordance with the agreed agreement. From the perspective of Islamic economic law, the law on investor protection in Information Technology-based Islamic crowdfunding services is mandatory.

Kahveci, Muzaffer, and C. A. N. Nazlı. "İnsansız hava araçları: tarihçesi, tanımı, dünyada ve türkiyedeki yasal durumu." Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 5.4 (2017): 511-535. Seguin, Celia, et al. "Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to prevent drowning." Resuscitation 127 (2018): 63-67. Ямщиков, Василий Александрович, and А. М. Саранча. "Беспилотные летательные аппараты." Техническая эксплуатация водного транспорта: проблемы и пути развития 1-1 (2019). Claesson, Andreas, et al. "Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones)" Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine 24.1 (2016): 1-9. Magdi S. Mahmoud, ... Yuanqing Xia, in Advanced Distributed Consensus for Multiagent Systems, (2021): 325 Ram Gopal Lakshmi Narayanan, Oliver C. Ibe, in Wireless Public Safety Networks 1, (2015): 285 G. Pradeep Kumar, B. Sridevi, in The Cognitive Approach in Cloud Computing and Internet of Things Technologies for Surveillance Tracking Systems, (2020): 28-36 Jibin Rajan, Debasish Ghose, in Unmanned Aerial Systems, (2021):128-136 Ahmad Taher Azar, Amjad J. Humaidi, in Unmanned Aerial Systems, (2021): 237 Deepanshu Srivastava, ... Fadi Al-Turjman, in Security in IoT Social Networks, (2021):326 Mohamed Abdelkader, ... Jeff S. Shamma, in Unmanned Aerial Systems, (2021):31-39 Muhammed Kazim, ... Lixian Zhang, in Unmanned Aerial Systems, (2021): 183 Sophie Lescure, in Multi-Rotor Platform-based UAV Systems, (2020): 24-31

In this study polyporus fungal decay reduction effect was shown on wood samples of Pinus roxburghii Sargent, Celtis australis L. and Bombax ceiba L. by using methanolic extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L and Acorus calamus L. These less durable wood samples were treated with different concentrations 0.25 , 0.5 , 1 , 1.5 and 2 w v of both extracts. Fungus testing was done on the treated wood samples to evaluate efficacy of taken herbal extracts. Maximum fungus inhibition of 46.24 and 69.45 was found with extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Acorus calamus L at 2 concentration. It was also found that specific gravity increased with increase in concentration with maximum at 2 . Results had showed that both extracts inhibit fungus growth significantly and act as a good wood preservative. Bandana Dhiman | Dr Kulwant Rai Sharma | Y Y Sumtahne &quot;Scope of Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Acorus calamus L. as Biopreservative for Non-durable Wood Timber Species&quot; Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8395.pdf

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the antifertility efficacy of betel leaf stalk extract on lipid metabolites. The betel leaf stalk extract was administered at the dose of 50 mg/Kg/day through oral gavages method for 15 days. The impaired lipid metabolisms were observed in testis. The higher lipids in seminal vesicle and prostate gland indicate the elevation in lipid metabolism and lipogenesis, suggesting some alterations in the chemical composition of the seminal plasma and prostatic fluid. The accumulation of lipids in prostate causes the inhibition in lipase activity. The elevated testicular Phospholipids due to administration of extract results the disruption in integrity of the spermatozoal membrane and its adequate phospholipid composition leads to infertility. Significant reductions in triglycerides represent no risk of cancer. &nbsp;Increased concentration of cholesterol in testes suggests the impairment of spermatogenesis. The decreased cholesterol content of the epididymis and prostate gland indicated impairment in its synthesis and may hinder steroidogenesis, thus suggesting anti-steroidogenic potential of the plant extract.&nbsp; <strong>KEYWORDS: </strong>Betel leaf stalk, lipogenesis, Phospho lipids, Infertility, Spermatogenisis, Steroidogenisis. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Thejashwini M.S, Krishna Ram H, Shivabasavaiah. 2012. Reversible antifertility effect of <em>cyamposis psoralioides </em>in male swiss albino mice. International Journal of advanced biological research<em>. </em>2(4):657-665. Chakraborty D, Shah B.2011. Antimicrobial antioxidative and antihemolytic activity of Piper betel leaf extracts. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 3:192-199. Mishra R.K, Singh S.K. 2009. Antispermatogenic and antifertility effects of fruits of <em>Piper nigrum </em>L. in mice. Indian journal of Experimental Biology. 47: 706-714. 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Schott on male albino rats.&nbsp; International Journal of PharmTech Research, 3(2):946-954. Muthulakshmi A, Jothibai Margret R, Mohan V.R. 2013. Antifertility Effect of Ethanol Extracts of <em>Feronia elephantum </em>Correa Leaf and Bark on Male Albino Rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research. 2013. 5(1): 23-27.

The platforms are usually owned by individuals, in the village of Pangkalan Dewa, West Kotawaringin Regency, there are 5 palm oil platforms, one of which is the CV Ibrahim Putra platform. Many farmers sell their oil palm harvests to the CV Ibrahim Putra platform, this can be seen from the farmer data in 2021 that there are 200-250 permanent farmers who sell their oil palm harvests to the CV Ibrahim Putra platform. on the other platforms there are less than 100 farmers. This type of research is field research. Subjects consist of employees and farmers who sell their crops to the CV Ibrahim Putra platform. The technique of determining the subject is purposive sampling. The data analysis is data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The buying and selling system of the CV Ibrahim Putra platform is to pick up the fruit to the farmer's land or the farmer delivers it directly to the CV Ibrahim Putra platform, then the fruit is weighed using a ram scale, the fruit that has been weighed will be paid by the platform in cash with a receipt of the sale. The buying and selling system of the CV Ibrahim Putra platform in terms of transactions and pricing is legal according to Islam because there are no violations of Islamic sharia provisions. The presence of the CV Ibrahim Putra platform has a positive value for farmers and can improve the economic welfare of oil palm farmers.

Zakat is an exciting and popular study today because it is not only an area of worship but also an area of muamalat (Islamic economics) that continues to grow and develop. The aim of this research is (1) to describe the development of Contemporary Zakat Fiqh in North Sumatra and (2) to describe the position of Maqasid al-Syariah as a methodology for zakat jurisprudence in North Sumatra. This type of research combines field research and library research using field and library data as the primary source. What makes this research different from others is that the research location is in North Sumatra Province, the largest city which promises the development of diverse economic sectors, diverse professions, rich sources of wealth that will produce considerable potential for zakat funds, as well as a modern management sector, provide space for the development of zakat so that it can increase the potential for zakat collection to the maximum This research is a qualitative method with collaboration between field research and literature. The theoretical basis used in this research is in contact with zakat jurisprudence in Indonesia, such as the rules for making things easier and eliminating difficulties (al-Tasyr wa raf al-haraj), the rules for changing fatwas due to changes in times (taqhyir alfatwa bi tahaqyyur) when times put needs in an emergency position. This study showed that the development of the potential of the contemporary zakat sector is entirely consistent with this theory and requires the potential of the modern zakat sector above to be a concern to formulate its law through the ijtihad development methodology, namely maqashid al-sharia to strengthen the formulation of contemporary zakat fiqh. Maqashid al-sharia on contemporary zakat fiqh in North Sumatra can be found through the values of benefit to muzakki, zakat institutions (BAZNAS), and zakat recipients/mustahik. Applying maqashid al-sharia-based contemporary zakat fiqh in North Sumatra has not been maximally practical.