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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rama Twp

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Academic literature on the topic 'Rama Twp'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rama Twp"

1

Chan, K. L. Andrew, and Sergei G. Kazarian. "Tip-enhanced Raman mapping with top-illumination AFM." Nanotechnology 22, no. 17 (March 16, 2011): 175701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/17/175701.

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Jiarpinitnun, Jittima. "RAMA TAP Block Sheet." Ramathibodi Medical Journal 42, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33165/rmj.2019.42.4.196360.

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Postoperative analgesia is an important aspect of anesthesia care since pain problems affect both physical and mental derangement, resulting in delayed recovery. Transversus abdominis plane block (TAP block) can be performed in the abdominal wall area using ultrasound-guided technique. The TAP block is a peripheral nerve block designed to anesthetize the nerves supplying the anterior abdominal wall. Nowadays, the TAP block could also be used to reduce the need for postoperative opioid use, to extend the period of first analgesia request, and to provide more effective pain relief while decreasing opioid related side effects such as sedation and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Realizing the need to create an innovation, Ramathibodi Hospital anesthesia team has introduced the RAMA TAP block sheet, which is a transparent plastic sheet with 2 square-sided holes. The RAMA TAP block sheet is designed to facilitate anesthesiologist during TAP block procedure and reduce contamination risk from gauzes in surgical area. This innovation could potentially allow the anesthesiologist to visualize both sides of abdominal walls as well as the midline of abdomen clearly so that a good injection site with local anesthetic to skin can be located. The RAMA TAP block sheet is an inexpensive, practical and highly efficient invention that could be sterilized.

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Stadler, J., T. Schmid, and R. Zenobi. "Nanoscale Chemical Imaging Using Top-Illumination Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." Nano Letters 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2010): 4514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl102423m.

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Stadler, Johannes, Thomas Schmid, and Renato Zenobi. "Chemical Imaging on the Nanoscale – Top-Illumination Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 65, no. 4 (April 27, 2011): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2011.235.

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Bao, Yi-Fan, Mao-Feng Cao, Si-Si Wu, Teng-Xiang Huang, Zhi-Cong Zeng, Mao-Hua Li, Xiang Wang, and Bin Ren. "Atomic Force Microscopy Based Top-Illumination Electrochemical Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." Analytical Chemistry 92, no. 18 (August 17, 2020): 12548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02466.

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Lu, Fanfan, Tengxiang Huang, Lei Han, Haisheng Su, Heng Wang, Min Liu, Wending Zhang, Xiang Wang, and Ting Mei. "Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with High-Order Fiber Vector Beam Excitation." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 3841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113841.

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We investigated tip-enhanced Raman spectra excited by high-order fiber vector beams. Theoretical analysis shows that the high-order fiber vector beams have stronger longitudinal electric field components than linearly polarized light under tight focusing conditions. By introducing the high-order fiber vector beams and the linearly polarized beam from a fiber vector beam generator based on an electrically-controlled acoustically-induced fiber grating into a top-illumination tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) setup, the tip-enhanced Raman signal produced by the high-order fiber vector beams was 1.6 times as strong as that produced by the linearly polarized light. This result suggests a new type of efficient excitation light beams for TERS.

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ROWE, AARON A. "TOP RAMAN." Chemical & Engineering News 87, no. 38 (September 21, 2009): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v087n038.p036.

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Sereda, Valentin, and Igor K. Lednev. "Two Mechanisms of Tip Enhancement of Raman Scattering by Protein Aggregates." Applied Spectroscopy 71, no. 1 (July 20, 2016): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702816651890.

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Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a powerful tool for probing the surface of biological species with nanometer spatial resolution. Here, we report the TER spectra of an individual insulin fibril, the protein cast film and a short peptide (LVEALYL) microcrystal mimicking the fibril core. Two different types of TER spectra were acquired depending on the “roughness” of the probed surface at the molecular level. A fully reproducible, low-intensity, normal Raman-type spectrum was characteristic of the top flat surface of the microcrystal while highly variable, higher intensity TER spectra were obtained for the edges of the microcrystal, cast film, and fibril. As a result, two tip enhancement mechanisms of Raman scattering, long- and short-range, were proposed by analogy with the physical and chemical enhancement mechanisms, respectively, known for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

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Schultz, Zachary D., Stephan J. Stranick, and Ira W. Levin. "Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging: An Apical Illumination Geometry." Applied Spectroscopy 62, no. 11 (November 2008): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370208786401635.

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Results are presented illustrating the use of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and imaging in a top-illumination geometry. A radially polarized beam is used to generate an electric field component in the direction of beam propagation, normal to the surface, resulting in a 5× increased enhancement compared to a linearly polarized beam. This multiplicative enhancement facilitates a discrimination of the near-field signal from the far-field Raman background. The top illumination configuration facilitates the application of TERS for investigating molecules on a variety of surfaces, such as Au, glass, and Si. The near-field Raman spectra of Si(100), rhodamine B, brilliant cresyl blue, and single wall carbon nanotubes are presented. Sufficient enhancement is obtained to permit a sub-diffraction-limited resolution Raman imaging of the surface distribution of large bundles of carbon nanotubes of various diameters.

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Huang, Teng-Xiang, Sheng-Chao Huang, Mao-Hua Li, Zhi-Cong Zeng, Xiang Wang, and Bin Ren. "Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: tip-related issues." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 407, no. 27 (August 28, 2015): 8177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8968-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rama Twp"

1

Li, Yun-Thai. "Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609992.

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Lee, Nam-Heui. "Extending Raman spectroscopy to the nanoscale." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1172680006.

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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Polymer Science, 2007.
"May, 2007." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 04/07/2008) Advisor, Mark D. Foster; Committee members, Alexei P. Sokolov, Darrell H. Reneker, Ali Dhinojwala, Rex D. Ramsier; Department Chair, Mark D. Foster; Dean of the College, George R. Newkome; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

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Touzalin, Thomas. "Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on electrochemical systems." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS364.

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L'analyse in situ d'interfaces électrochimiques à l'échelle nanométriques est un enjeu majeur pour la compréhension des mécanismes de transferts de charges et d'électrons dans les domaines du stockage d'énergie ou de l'électrocatalyse. Ce travail a permis le développement de la spectroscopie Raman exaltée de pointe (TERS) en milieu liquide et en conditions électrochimiques. Le TERS permet l'analyse de la structure de molécules ou de matériaux à l'échelle nanométrique du fait de l'exaltation localisée du champ électrique à l'extrémité d'une sonde de microscope à effet tunnel (STM) en or ou en argent. Un dispositif reposant sur l'illumination d'une pointe au travers d'un solvant organique a démontré la possibilité d'imager les inhomogénéités d'une monocouche auto-assemblée sur or. Une seconde approche reposant sur l'exaltation du signal Raman à l'apex d'une pointe de taille nanométrique utilisée comme microélectrode (spectroscopie Raman exaltée de surface de pointe, tip SERS) a permis de suivre la réduction d'une monocouche auto-assemblée et d'améliorer la compréhension de son mécanisme. Afin d'imager la surface d'une électrode polarisée, le couplage d'un STM utilisant une pointe TERS en conditions électrochimiques a montré une résolution latérale de moins de 8 nm pour sonder de variations locales de l'exaltation du champ électromagnétique induites par des singularités géométriques de surface. Par ailleurs, l'analyse TERS de couches organiques formées à partir de sels d'aryldiazoniums a permis de montrer des différences de structures selon type de greffage. Ce travail constitue donc une avancée majeure pour l'analyse locale de surfaces modifiées
The in situ investigation of electrochemical interfaces structures at the nanoscale is a key element in the understanding of charge and electron transfer mechanisms e.g. in the fields of energy storage or electrocatalysis. This thesis introduces the implementation of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) in liquid and in electrochemical conditions enabling the nanoscale analysis of electrified solid/liquid interfaces through the strong and local electric field enhancement at gold or silver scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) probes. The ability of TERS to image inhomogeneities in the coverage density of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) through a layer of organic solvent on gold was demonstrated. A TERS-inspired analytical tool was also developed, based on a TERS tip used simultaneously as a single-hot spot surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform and as a microelectrode (EC tip SERS). The reduction of an electroactive SAM could then be monitored by electrochemical and in situ SERS measurements. In situ electrochemical STM-TERS was also evidenced through the imaging of local variations of the electric field enhancement on peculiar sites of a gold electrode with a lateral resolution lower than 8 nm. Finally TERS also demonstrated to be efficient in investigating the structure of organic layers grafted either by electrochemical reduction or spontaneously. This work is therefore a major advance for the analysis of functionalized surfaces

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Lloyd, Jonathan S. "The development of tip enhanced raman spectroscopy." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678427.

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Beaman, R. A. "Two beam coherent spectroscopy." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379609.

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Zhang, Weihua. "Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy : theory, practice and applications /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17564.

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Williams, Craig Miles. "A tip-enhanced raman microscope: development and application." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492591.

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Tip-enhanced Raman microscopy is a powerful technique that combines the high spatial resolution of a scanning probe microscope with the chemical sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy to yield sub-diflfraction limited resolution.

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Gryspolakis, Nikolaos. "Theoretical analysis of two-stage discrete fibre Raman amplifiers." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80017.

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A methodical analysis of two-stage Discrete Fibre Raman Amplifiers (DFRA) for DWDM transmission systems is presented in this thesis. Combinations of both unclamped and gain-clamped stages are investigated. A full numerical model was developed to simulate and fully illustrate the performance and properties of both single-stage and two-stage DFRAs.
In particular we concentrate on two configurations of two-stage DFRAs. One that consists of two non gain-clamped stages and one that consists of one gain-clamped followed by an unclamped stage and the inverse. The gain-clamping is attained by placing two fibre Bragg gratings in the two sides of the stage that we desire to gain-clamp; and thus creating a fibre laser in either the first or the second stage of the two-stage FRA.
The conclusions we draw from our simulations, are the following: (1) a good gain-clamping effect can be achieved by partially gain-clamped configurations in which only one stage (first or second) is truly clamped; (2) an inherent low noise figure can also be obtained when the second stage is clamped; (3) the selection of feedback wavelengths and feedback levels are critical for obtaining a flat gain spectrum and low noise performance.

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O, Suilleabhain Liam Colman. "Raman studies of plasmons in two-dimensional electron gases." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318467.

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McDearmid, Jonathan R. "Noradrenergic control of spinal motor circuitry in two related amphibian species, Xenopus laevis and Rama temporaria." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15058.

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1. The role of the catecholamine noradrenaline (NA) was examined during fictive swimming in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. 2. The primary effects of the amine in both embryonic and larval Xenopus was to markedly decrease motor frequency whilst simultaneously reducing rostrocaudal delays during swimming. 3. The NA-mediated modulation of swimming activity in Xenopus larvae can be reversed with phentolamine, a non-selective an adrenergic receptor antagonist, suggesting that NA may be acting through either ?1 or ?2 receptors, or a combination of both. 4. Intracellular recordings made from embryo spinal motorneurones revealed that reciprocal inhibitory glycinergic potentials are enhanced by NA. This effect is most prominent in caudal regions of the spinal cord where inhibitory synaptic drive is generally weaker. 5. NA was also found to enhance glycinergic reciprocal inhibition during swimming in larval spinal cord motomeurones. 6. Intracellular recordings, under tetrodotoxin, reveal that NA enhances the occurrence of spontaneous glycinergic inhibitory post synaptic potentials arising from the terminals of inhibitory intemeurones, suggesting that the amine is acting presynaptically to enhance evoked release of glycine during swimming. 7. The effects of NA on swimming frequency and rostrocaudal delay appear to be largely mediated through an enhancement of glycinergic reciprocal inhibition as blockade of glycine receptors with strychnine weakens the ability of the amine affect these parameters of motor output. 8. The effects of NA on motor output were also examined in embryos of the amphibian Rana temporaria. Whilst NA did not obviously affect swimming activity, the amine induced a non-rhythmic pattern of motor activity. 9. The free radical gas, nitric oxide also induced a non-rhythmic pattern of motor discharge that was remarkably similar to that elicited by NA, indicating that this neural messenger may be important for motor control.

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Books on the topic "Rama Twp"

1

Tan, Ping-Heng, ed. Raman Spectroscopy of Two-Dimensional Materials. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1828-3.

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Tsukuba Satellite Symposium on Single Molecule and Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2006 Tsukuba Kenkyū Gakuen Toshi, Japan). SM-TERS 2006, Tsukuba Satellite Symposium on Single Molecule and Tip-enhanced Raman Scattering: Extended abstracts : August 17-19, 2006, AIST Tsukuba Center Auditorium, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Tsukuba, Japan: AIST, 2006.

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(Federation), Russia. Russian civil legislation: The Civil Code (parts one and two) and other surviving civil legislation of the Russian Federation. Boston: Simmonds & Hill Pub., 1999.

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Nick, Roberts. Super NES Games: Unauthorized Power Tips Book. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1993.

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ZnO bao mo zhi bei ji qi guang, dian xing neng yan jiu. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai da xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Awesome Super Nintendo Secrets 2. Lahaina, USA: Sandwich Islands Publishing, 1993.

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Tan, Ping-Heng. Raman Spectroscopy of Two-Dimensional Materials. Springer, 2018.

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1966-, Kawata Satoshi, and Shalaev Vladimir M. 1957-, eds. Tip enhancement. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

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S, S. V., ed. Raja Raja Chola, the high point of history: A collection of two seminar papers. Madras: Authors Guild of India Madras Chapter, 1985.

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Raja Raja Chola: The high point of history :a short collection of two seminar papers. Madras: Authors Guild of India, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rama Twp"

1

Georgi, Carsten, Miriam Böhmler, Huihong Qian, Lukas Novotny, and Achim Hartschuh. "Tip-Enhanced Near-Field Optical Microscopy of Carbon Nanotubes." In Raman Imaging, 301–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28252-2_10.

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Ichimura, Taro, and Satoshi Kawata. "Surface- and Tip-Enhanced CARS." In Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, 305–21. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527632756.ch14.

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Hu, Hailong, Ze Xiang Shen, and Ting Yu. "Low Frequency Raman Scattering of Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene." In Confocal Raman Microscopy, 195–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75380-5_9.

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Hayazawa, Norihiko, Alvarado Tarun, Atsushi Taguchi, and Kentaro Furusawa. "Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." In Raman Spectroscopy for Nanomaterials Characterization, 445–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20620-7_16.

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Hayazawa, Norihiko. "Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering." In Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis, 755–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6156-1_121.

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Umakoshi, Takayuki, and Prabhat Verma. "Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." In Modern Techniques of Spectroscopy, 209–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6084-6_8.

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Kolobov, Alexander V., and Junji Tominaga. "Raman Scattering of 2D TMDCs." In Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides, 227–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31450-1_7.

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Wu, Jiang-Bin, Miao-Ling Lin, and Ping-Heng Tan. "Raman Spectroscopy of Monolayer and Multilayer Graphenes." In Raman Spectroscopy of Two-Dimensional Materials, 1–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1828-3_1.

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Lin, Miao-Ling, and Ping-Heng Tan. "Ultralow-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy of Two-dimensional Materials." In Raman Spectroscopy of Two-Dimensional Materials, 203–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1828-3_10.

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An, Xuhong, Zhenhua Ni, and Zexiang Shen. "Raman Imaging of Two Dimensional Materials." In Raman Spectroscopy of Two-Dimensional Materials, 231–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1828-3_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rama Twp"

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Ji, Yangziyi, Xiangdong Li, Lanwei Zhou, and Xiaoying Lan. "Comparison of the Hydrodynamic Ram Caused by Single and Two Projectiles Impacting Water-filled Containers." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-068.

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Abstract When high-velocity projectiles penetrate an enclosed fluid-filled structure, the projectiles transfer the kinetic energy to the surrounding structure through the fluid and cause excessive structural damage. This process is referred to as a hydrodynamic ram (HRAM) [1]. The HRAM can be divided into five phases[1]: penetration, shock, drag, exit, and cavity oscillation. The HRAM phenomenon has been studied analytically [2,3], experimentally [4–7] and numerically [8–10]. However, few studies have been performed on the hydrodynamic ram caused by multiple penetrators. In the present work, a previously validated numerical model was used to analyze the differences of hydrodynamic rams caused by one and two projectiles impacting water-filled containers.

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Hayashi, Naoki. "State correlated Raman spectroscopy." In International symposium on two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1302856.

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Yang, Ling, Jingjun Zhong, and Ji-ang Han. "Numerical Research on the Flow Field and Performance of a Ram-Rotor and a Scrampressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69358.

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The design methods of typical supersonic aircraft intakes and shock wave compression technology have been applied to ram-rotor, a new attractive compression system. A ram-rotor is a typical structure including the compression ramp, the throat and the subsonic diffuser; a scrampressor is similar to ram-rotor, the only different is that scrampressor has no subsonic diffuser. Base on the preparatory work, it has been found that these two structures have different advantages respectively. So, in this paper, the three dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulent model are used to simulate numerically the flow field of the ram-rotor and the scrampressor at the design and at the off-design conditions. The back pressure and rotational speed are mainly considered which may affect the flow field and the total performance. It has been found that back pressure can not have influence on the flow field before the throat outlet obviously. With increasing of the back pressure, the position of the flow separation zone and shock train move forwards to the inlet. The rotational speed changes the shock wave structure of the ram-rotor and scrampressor evidently. With the rotational speed increasing, each shock wave moves to the outlet and the shock wave number decreases. The ram-rotor and scrampressor structure is similar, except the ram-rotor flow structure has a large flow separation zone after the throat outlet. The compression capability of the ram-rotor is higher than that of the scrampressor. The total performance of the scrampressor is better than the ram-rotor.

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Kloz, Miroslav. "Spectral watermarking approach to femtosecond Raman spectroscopy - ultrafast Raman spectroscopy with broadband shaped pulses." In 2016 39th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2016.7760982.

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Tulimilli, Bhaskar Rao, Pramod Naik, Arindam Chakraborty, Sourabh Sawant, Alan Whooley, and Robert Weiss. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of BOP Shear Ram Performance." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24714.

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A Blowout Preventer (BOP) consists of several sets of shear rams stacked together out of which Blind Shear Rams (BSR) is a very critical component to achieve complete shearing of drill pipe. The current study focusses on developing a methodology to model the shearing process and validate it with the shop test. Shop tests were conducted to shear a drill pipe using a surface BOP to obtain the maximum shearing force, shape of sheared drill pipes, shearing time etc. The shear rams used in the test are laser scanned and used in FEA simulations. The FEA model is developed such that it replicates the shop test and simulations are performed using Abaqus Explicit finite element solver. The output from simulations and shop test are compared and found to be in good agreement. The developed methodology is further verified by applying it for shearing different drill pipe sizes and the output is compared with the available data and found to be comparative which proves that the methodology can be implemented for various shearing studies. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) formulas are currently being used in industry to compute the maximum shearing force required to shear the drill pipe under various scenarios. The OEM shearing force is computed for the model under consideration and compared with the shop test and simulation and is found to be conservative. The validated model can be used for conducting studies that provide information on the governing parameters in terms of loading or positioning of the drill pipe to be considered in shear ram designs. This study provides a tool for optimizing the preliminary design of new shear rams and can contribute to more reliable and efficient shear ram design. The study is conducted as part of a Technology Assessment Programs (TAP) for the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) in the areas of BOP stack sequencing, monitoring and kick detection.

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Diemunsch, Kenneth M., and Gopala Muthukrishnan. "Applying Reliability and Availability Methods to Communication Based Train Control." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3740.

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Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM) engineering has been applied successfully for decades in many industries such as military electronics for aerospace [1] [2], nuclear power stations [3], and oil field services [4]. Several standards applying to train control have also been produced recently, for instance the IEEE recommended practice on Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) testing [5], the international standard for Reliability Availability Maintainability Safety (RAMS) in railway applications [6] and the European version [7]. Better Reliability and Availability (RA) involves a larger capital investment cost but results in lower maintenance cost and fewer system impacting delays. RAM engineering is used to define the optimal level of reliability and availability to minimize those two costs. This paper introduces CBTC technology, including typical architectures of the subsystems which need to be modeled for the RA analysis. Basic RAM definitions and methods which can be applied to any system, including train control equipment, are presented. Then, the application of RA methods on CBTC system is discussed in terms of requirements, analysis, testing and methods to choose spare parts quantity.

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Suh, Yung Doug, P. M. Champion, and L. D. Ziegler. "NV (Nanoprism Vertex) TERS (Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) Tip." In XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3482406.

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Suzuki, Yoko. "Dynamical stokes shift observed by two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy." In International symposium on two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1302889.

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Yang, Ling, Jingjun Zhong, and Ji-ang Han. "Numerical Research of the Ram-Rotor With Different Geometric Parameters." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46051.

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With the design methods of typical supersonic aircraft intakes and the advantages of shock wave compression, ram-rotors have become a new attractive compression system. Lots of research work has been carried out on rampressors, but the influence of the geometric parameters on the shock wave structure and compression performance of the ram-rotor has not been studied systematically. Therefore, a thorough study on ram-rotor with different geometric parameters is required. In this paper, a steady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation adopted in the “Fluent” software package is carried out on a large parallel computer. Six factors which may influence the ram-rotor performance are investigated numerically. These geometric parameters are strake section shape, throat length-height ratio, strake stagger angle, compression ramp angle, subsonic divergent angle and throat contraction ratio. The study is composed of two parts. The aim of the first part is to understand the influence of the geometric parameters listed above on the shock wave structure and compression performance of the ram-rotor by comparison and analysis of the relative Mach number and static pressure in the flow-path. The aim of the second part is to obtain the optimal geometric structure of the ram-rotor by comparison and analysis of the structure of the flow fields, the compression performance and the ram-rotor properties. First of all, the numerical method is validated by comparing the numerical results of the flow field of a supersonic intake with experimental results in this paper. Secondly, the flow field structures in the ram-rotor, especially the number and position of shock waves and the separation zone, are studied. Thirdly, the influence of the geometric parameters on the rotor performance is studied. Some parameter distributions, such as the flow angle, adiabatic efficiency, total pressure ratio, total pressure recovery coefficient, are compared and analyzed. The rules of the ram-rotor performance variation with different geometric parameters are also presented. Finally, some advice for improving the overall performance of the ram-rotor is given according to the flow field analysis.

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Tanimura, Yoshitaka. "The 5th- and 7th-order 2D Raman spectroscopy for intramolecular vibrational modes." In International symposium on two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1302858.

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Reports on the topic "Rama Twp"

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Gillis, David, Jacob Grun, and Jeffrey Bowles. Detection of Chemicals in Mixed, Two-Dimensional Raman Spectra. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532201.

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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES. Test Operations Procedure (TOP) 1-1-030 RAM-D and ILS Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada486225.

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Hoagland, Todd. Whole Body i=In Vivo Vascular Compliance in Two Amphibians, Bufo Marinus and Rana Cate. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7255.

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Mezo Ortiz, Jon Ander. GEOMORFOLOGÍA CUATERNARIA Y PROCESOS ACTIVOS EN URIBE KOSTA OCCIDENTAL (VIZCAYA). Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21028/jmo.2021.04.14.

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Este estudio geomorfológico se ha centrado en la sección occidental del área de Uribe Kosta (Vizcaya), entre los municipios de Plentzia y Getxo, dentro del dominio del Arco Vasco en la Cuenca Vasco-Cantábrica. Se han diferenciado un sistema morfogenético litoral, incluyendo acantilados y plataforma de abrasión junto con las playas y superficies de rasa; un sistema morfogenético eólico, en el cual se incluyen una serie de depósitos de dunas colgadas (cliff-top dunes); un sistema morfogenético gravitacional, que recoge los procesos de ladera que se dan en los acantilados; y un sistema morfogenético fluvial, que abarca la red fluvial que actúa en la zona incidiendo sobre las superficies de rasa. Una vez caracterizados y cartografiados los sistemas morfogenéticos, así como la cartografía de las unidades geomorfológicas que los componen se ha establecido una secuencia cronológica relativa de la evolución geomorfológica del relieve a lo largo del Cuaternario y hasta el presente.

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