Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ramabai / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Ramabai.

Journal articles on the topic 'Ramabai'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Ramabai.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Bhagabati, Dikshit Sarma, Prithvi Sinha, and Sneha Garg. "Baptising Pandita Ramabai: Faith and religiosity in the nineteenth-century social reform movements of colonial India." Indian Economic & Social History Review 58, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 393–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194646211020307.

Full text

Abstract:

This essay aims to understand the role of religion in the social work of Pandita Ramabai (1858-1922). By focusing on a twenty-five-year period commencing with her conversion to Christianity in 1883, we argue that religion constructed a political framework for her work in Sharada Sadan and Mukti Mission. There is a lacuna in the conventional scholarship that underplays the nuances of religion in Ramabai’s reform efforts, which we try to fill by conceptualising faith and religiosity as two distinct signifiers of her private and public religious presentations respectively. Drawing on her published letters, the annual reports of the Ramabai Association in America, and a number of evangelical periodicals published during her lifetime, we analyse how she explored Christianity not just as a personal faith but also as a conduit for funds. The conversion enabled her access to American supporters, concomitantly consolidating their claim over her social work. Her peculiar religious identity—a conflation of Hinduism and Christianity—provoked strong protests from the Hindu orthodoxy while leading to a fall-out with the evangelists at the same time. Ramabai shaped the public portrayal of her religiosity to maximise support from American patrons, the colonial state, and liberal Indians, resisting the orthodoxy’s oppositions with these material exploits. Rather than surrendering to patriarchal cynicism, she capitalised on the socio-political volatilities of colonial India to further the nascent women’s movement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Danielson, Robert A. "Albert B. Norton and the Mukti Revival." Pneuma 42, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-bja10001.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Albert Benjamin Norton (1847–1923) is an obscure but important figure in the history of Pentecostalism in India. As a Holiness faith missionary who arrived in India at the calling of Bishop William Taylor, Norton worked in Central India before returning to the United States. He and his wife returned to India at the request of Pandita Ramabai to help build the Mukti Mission and later the accompanying Dhond home for boys. It was Norton who first introduced the speaking of tongues at the Mukti Mission in The Apostolic Faith in 1907, and he remained a friend of Ramabai’s throughout her life. Norton moved from the holiness position to Pentecostalism but maintained his position as an independent faith-based missionary throughout his ministry. This article demonstrates Norton’s connections to the Holiness Movement through Taylor and the first Free Methodist missionaries and argues for his influence on Ramabai as a partner in mission.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Isaka, Riho, Pandita Ramabai, and Meera Kosambi. "Pandita Ramabai through Her Own Words. Selected Works." Contemporary Sociology 31, no. 4 (July 2002): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089094.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Frykenberg, Robert Eric. "The Legacy of Pandita Ramabai: Mahatma of Mukti." International Bulletin of Mission Research 40, no. 1 (January 2016): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939315625977.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bhatia, Nandi. "Book Review: Pandita Ramabai: Through Her Own Words." Feminist Review 74, no. 1 (July 2003): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400105.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Anderson, Allan. "Pandita Ramabai, the Mukti Revival and Global Pentecostalism." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 23, no. 1 (January 2006): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026537880602300106.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Suarsana, Yan. "Inventing Pentecostalism: Pandita Ramabai and the Mukti Revival from a Postcolonial Perspective." PentecoStudies: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements 13, no. 2 (March 27, 2014): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ptcs.v13i2.173.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Malik-Goure, Archana. "Feminist Philosophical Thought in Colonial India." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 4, no. 3 (October 4, 2016): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v4.n3.p8.

Full text

Abstract:

<div><p><em>Savitribai Phule and Pandita Ramabai, Tarabai Shinde, Dr Anandibai Joshi, Ramabai Ranade, the greatest women produced by modern India & one of the greatest Indians in all history, the one who lay the foundation for a movement for women’s liberation in India. Their goal was freedom from Indian tradition, freedom from religious practices and rituals. Despite coming from diver’s social background they talk about individual development. They wanted to introduce practical philosophy of human being. In their philosophy they are talking about individual growth, care and humanism as virtue, they emphasis on self-reliance and wants to interpret Indian tradition in their own way. They fought against the tradition and fought for human rights, rights of education and rights of human development. They took a very revolutionary stand in their life in the history of India. Like Pandita Ramabai rejected Hinduism on gendered ground. She rejected traditional practice forced by so called traditions. </em></p><p><strong><em>On the other hand Savitribai was the teacher who educates all females and all underprivileged peoples of India.</em></strong><em> The truly liberating moments for Indian women happened in and through the life of Savitribai, who chose to walk tall, in step with her husband ahead of her time by centuries. The historic disadvantages of caste and gender filed to keep her down in the 19<sup>th</sup> century. In her writings she constantly emphasizes the importance of education and physical work for knowledge and prosperity. She felt that women must receive an education as they were in no way inferior to men; they were not the slaves of men.</em></p><p><em>This paper is an attempt to discuss Savitribai Phule as feminist philosopher in colonial India. She raised the problem of women’s oppression and her thoughts on resolving women’s domination through their own efforts and autonomy makes her join the company of other nineteenth century male feminist Philosophers. In this small work I would like to focus on feminist philosophical aspect of her thought through her writings with special reference to Kavya Phule, moral values given by Savitri will compare with Aristotle’s moral theory/virtue ethics and will conclude with remark on contemporary relevance of her philosophy of feminism.</em></p></div>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Shetty. "Christianity, Reform, and the Reconstitution of Gender: The Case of Pandita Mary Ramabai." Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 28, no. 1 (2012): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jfemistudreli.28.1.25.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Asha, S. "History in the Attic: Search for Roots in Ramabai Espinet’s The Swinging Bridge." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 2 (February 27, 2021): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i2.10908.

Full text

Abstract:

In most of diaspora literature there is an attempt to retrieve the past. This makes one measure time in many ways, different calendars, change of seasons, past encounters narrated through wars, defeats, encounters and disasters. It is remembered through family history, ancestral heritage, nostalgia, memory and even through national disasters. This interaction portrays the immigrants caught in flight of memories, relationships and images. The relocation has its disgust for one thing or the other. The author has to live in the reminiscences, a collective memory representing a symbolic relationship between past and present. The Swinging Bridge by Ramabai Espinet chronicles the multiple exiles that are part of the Indian experience in the Caribbean and Canada through two figures one from the past- great grandmother Gainder and the other from the present - Mona, the protagonist. The novel commemorates the maternal roots and routes of Indo-Caribbean history by establishing the subjectivity of widows and young girls from India who crossed the Kala Pani (Black waters of the Atlantic) in search of new beginnings in Trinidad and the great-grand-daughter who engages in an existential quest for selfhood in Canada. Grief motivates a flood of personal memories as Mona begins to remember intimate details of family life that had been repressed under the cover of migration. Bits and pieces of the past, fragments scattered in various places, childhood memories, overheard conversations, prayer songs, all come together in the attic. She explores the secret songs, photographs and letters giving her a powerful voice for her culture, her family, her fellow women and for herself. Mona’s drive to document history enables her to reveal the family’s carefully guarded secrets- domestic violence, drunken rampages, sexual abuse, illegitimate children, and even AIDS. This paper seeks to analyse the novel’s diasporic contents and find out whether this attempt at retrieval of the past brings about a change in the perception of today’s generation. The author brings to light the problems of a plural society calling for need for relationships and need for mutual respect- all to avoid conflict situations through this effective tracing of history in the novel.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Solbiac, Rodolphe. "Ramabai Espinet'sThe Swinging Bridgeas a Refunctioning of Neil Bissoondath'sA Casual BrutalityandThe Worlds Within Her." International Journal of Canadian Studies 51 (September 2015): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.51.57.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Burton, Antoinette. "Colonial Encounters in Late-Victorian England: Pandita Ramabai at Cheltenham and Wantage 1883-6." Feminist Review, no. 49 (1995): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1395324.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Burton, Antoinette. "Colonial Encounters in Late-Victorian England: Pandita Ramabai at Cheltenham and Wantage 1883–6." Feminist Review 49, no. 1 (March 1995): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1995.2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Mehta, B. "Engendering History: A Poetics of the Kala Pani in Ramabai Espinet's The Swinging Bridge." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 10, no. 3 (January 1, 2006): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/-10-3-19.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Mehta, Brinda. "Engendering History: A Poetics of the Kala Pani in Ramabai Espinet's The Swinging Bridge." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 21 (October 2006): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/sax.2006.-.21.19.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Bhog, Dipta, and Purwa Bharadwaj. "The People of the United States and the High-Caste Hindu Woman: Pandita Ramabai." Contemporary Education Dialogue 9, no. 2 (July 2012): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097318491200900207.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Rao, Parimala V. "Nationalism and the Visibility of Women in Public Space: Tilak's Criticism of Rakhmabai and Ramabai." Indian Historical Review 35, no. 2 (July 2008): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/037698360803500209.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Kanhai, Rosanne. "Fire in de Cane: Metaphors of Indo Trinidadian Identity in Ramabai Espinet's The Swinging Bridge." Ethnic Studies Review 31, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2008.31.2.71.

Full text

Abstract:

The evolution of identity is on-going, yet to articulate identity is the self analysis of a people's understanding of who they are at a particular time. Perhaps in more stable societies, identity has not been a preoccupation, not the “stuff” of literature and other types of art. However, for us, in the western hemisphere, where indigenous populations have been brutally decimated and room made for more brutality in the uprootment, transportation and relocation of peoples from different parts of the globe, we find it a crucial to pause and understand who we are as we connect with each other. In the Caribbean, the articulations of identity are also placed within the geographic structure of an archipelago of islands. Physically each island is surrounded by the mighty Atlantic, yet each is one step away the other. Historically and psychologically, the Caribbean populations are also one step away from their ancestral cultures, from the colonial cultures, and from the dominant culture of North America. A “swinging bridge” is an apt metaphor to explore the Caribbean history and reality of flux yet rooted-ness, of connectedness yet separation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Semaj-Hall, Isis. "Constructing a dub identity: What it means to be “Back Home” in Jamaica." Cultural Dynamics 30, no. 1-2 (February 2018): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0921374017752272.

Full text

Abstract:

In this essay, Isis Semaj-Hall explores the intersections of being Jamaican, American, black, woman, and mother. Using what she terms a dub aesthetic, Semaj-Hall juxtaposes her circular migration with the Dominican characters in Junot Diaz’s fiction as well as the autobiographical story told by Jamaican author Anthony Winkler. Using Trinidadian-Canadian author Ramabai Espinet as a literary anchor, Semaj-Hall questions how the familiar memory becomes unfamiliar in the moment that it collides with present reality. Finally, Claudia Rankine is brought in as a way for the author to honor the impact that her black American experience with racism shades her perspective on Jamaican colorism. This article takes readers on an unexpected walk through Kingston, Jamaica, revealing Semaj-Hall’s daily negotiations with what it means to be “Back Home” in the place she had for so long nostalgiaized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

ERMILOV, SERGEY G. "Taxonomic notes on Malaconothridae (Acari, Oribatida) associated with water hyacinth in Egypt ." Zootaxa 4949, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.9.

Full text

Abstract:

Three Egyptian species of the oribatid mite family Malaconothridae, all found on roots of the floating aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes in the River Nile, are analyzed. Trimalaconothrus crassipes Ramadan, Ismail & Mustafa, 2017 is recombined to Tyrphonothrus crassipes (Ramadan, Ismail & Mustafa, 2017) (comb. nov.). Malaconothrus ramadani Ramadan, Ismail & Mustafa, 2018 and M. transversus Ramadan, Ismail & Mustafa, 2018 are both considered to be tritonymphs of Ty. crassipes (=M. ramadani syn. nov.; =M. transversus syn. nov.).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

BOOTH, MARILYN. "Rethinking Orientalism: Women, Travel and the Ottoman Harem Edited by Reina Lewis. Pandita Ramabai's American Encounter: The Peoples of the United States (1889) Edited by Pandita Ramabai." Gender & History 18, no. 2 (August 2006): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.2006.00438_19.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

P Wesley, Y. Samuel. "SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENT FOR EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN IN 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY INDIA: A STUDY OF PANDITA RAMABAI." PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 12, 2017): 1135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.11351145.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Jeffers, Asha. "Unstable Indianness: Double Diaspora in Ramabai Espinet's The Swinging Bridge and M. G. Vassanji's When She Was Queen." South Asian Review 37, no. 1 (June 2016): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2016.11933044.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Dr. Shriya Goyal, Ms Bharti,. "Women Writers in India: Tracing Feminism." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 5493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2965.

Full text

Abstract:

From pre-Independence period to the contemporary times, women’s voice is gradually being heard and gaining momentum. It is hoped as well as expected that women would soon become a prominent voice making a mark in the society. Their point of view along with their decision making authority will have a definite and constructive impact on the society. This can be inferred from the literature by various Indian women writers such as Pandita Ramabai, Ismat Chughtai, Kamala Das and Shashi Deshpande. As we move from one decade to another entering the 21st century, we observe how women have been able to break the cocoon of domesticity, marking their presence in various socio-political spheres which have been usually dominated by men. Women have sought their space for expression and voicing opinion through literature. Depicting the oppression and discrimination faced in the patriarchal setup of Indian society, the women writers have pointed at the need for equality in practice as well as representation. The article will provide a discussion regarding Feminism in India, analysing each period or phase along with a women writer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Celarent, Barbara. "The High Caste Hindu Woman. By Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati. Philadelphia: J. B. Rodgers Printing Co., 1887.Pandita Ramabai’s America: Conditions of Life in the United States (United Stateschi Lokasthiti ani Pravasvritta). By Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati. Translated by, Kshitija Gomez and Philip C. Engblom. Edited by, Robert E. Frykenberg. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans, 2003." American Journal of Sociology 117, no. 1 (July 2011): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660901.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Yong, Amos. "Indian and Christian: The Life and Legacy of Pandita Ramabai - Edited by Roger E. Hedlund, Sebastian Kim, and Rajkumar Boaz Johnson." Religious Studies Review 38, no. 2 (June 2012): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2012.01604_2.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ray, Rajat Kanta. "Book Reviews : UMA CHAKRAVARTI, Rewriting History: The Life and Times of Pandita Ramabai, New Delhi, Kali for Women, 1998, pp. 370." Indian Economic & Social History Review 37, no. 1 (March 2000): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946460003700107.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Jassal, Smita Tewari. "Book Reviews : Uma Chakravarti, Rewriting History: The Life and Times of Pandita Ramabai. New Delhi: Kali For Women. 1998. 369 pages. Rs. 250." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 7, no. 2 (September 2000): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152150000700211.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Guha, Sumit. "Book Reviews : MEERA KOSAMBI, compiled, edited and partly translated, Pandita Ramabai Through Her Own Words: Selected Works, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 337." Indian Economic & Social History Review 39, no. 1 (March 2002): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946460203900108.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Leenerts, Cynthia. "“I Am True to My Lord” and “A Woman Well Set Free”: Hindu and Buddhist Paradigms of Desire in Pandita Ramabai Saraswati and Sister Mary Benigna." South Asian Review 23, no. 2 (December 2002): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2002.11932271.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

George, Samuel. "Hedlund, Roger E., Sebastian Kim, and Rajkumar Boaz Johnson, eds. Indian & Christian: The Life and Legacy of Pandita Ramabai (Delhi: ISPCK/MIIS/CMS, 2011). xx + 360 pp., $10; £6; €8." Pneuma 35, no. 1 (2013): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-12341284.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Klaus, Schäfer. "SUARSANA, Yan, Pandita Ramabai und die Erfindung der Pfingstbewegung: Postkoloniale Religionsgeschichtsschreibung am Beispiel des “Mukti Revival”. Studies in the History of Christianity in the Non-Western World, no. 23. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 201." PentecoStudies: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ptcs.v14i2.27192.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Rao, J. N. "Ramaiah Sampangi Ramaiah." BMJ 341, no. 29 2 (November 29, 2010): c6870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c6870.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Muhammad, Brilliant Yudha, and Ika Yanuarti. "THE DIFFERENCE OF ABNORMAL RETURN AND TRADING VOLUME ACTIVITY SHARE BEFORE RAMADAN, DURING RAMADAN, AND AFTER RAMADAN: STUDY ON LQ45 COMPANIES LISTED IN BEI PERIOD 2018 - 2019." Ultimaccounting : Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi 11, no. 2 (March 6, 2020): 222–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/akuntansi.v11i2.1475.

Full text

Abstract:

Pendahuluan / Tujuan Utama: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perbedaan abnormal return dan trading volume activity sebelum Ramadan, selama Ramadan, dan sesudah Ramadan pada perusahaan LQ45 periode 2018 – 2019. Latar Belakang Masalah: Anomali Ramadan merupakan strategi yang bertentangan dengan pasar efisien, karena strategi ini dapat menghasilkan abnormal return dan tingginya trading volume activity di sekitar Ramadan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengambilan keputusan investasi. Kebaruan: Pelaku pasar modal tidak hanya melihat kinerja perusahaan dalam pengambilan keputusan investasi, namun juga melihat anomali pasar yang terjadi di sekitar Ramadan. Metode Penelitian: Sampel yang diambil dengan menggunakan purposive sampling sebanyak 37 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data dimulai dengan melakukan uji normalitas menggunakan Kolmogorov – Smirnov, transformasi data, kemudian melakukan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji paired t – test. Temuan / Hasil: (1) Terdapat perbedaan abnormal return sebelum Ramadan dengan selama Ramadan 2019, selama Ramadan dengan sesudah Ramadan 2019, dan selama Ramadan dengan sesudah Ramadan 2018. (2) Tidak terdapat perbedaan abnormal return pada sebelum Ramadan dengan sesudah Ramadan 2019, sebelum Ramadan dengan selama Ramadan 2018, dan sebelum Ramadan dengan sesudah Ramadan 2018. (3) Terdapat perbedaan trading volume activity sebelum Ramadan dengan selama Ramadan 2018, dan selama Ramadan dengan sesudah Ramadan 2018. (4)Tidak terdapat perbedaan trading volume activity sebelum Ramadan dengan selama Ramadan 2019, selama Ramadan dengan sesudah Ramadan 2019, sebelum Ramadan dengan sesudah Ramadan 2019, dan selama Ramadan dengan sesudah Ramadan 2018. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian yang berbeda menunjukkan bahwa reaksi abnormal return dan trading volume activity tidak konsisten terhadap peristiwa Ramadan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Rejeb, Hadhemi, Mouna Ben Khelifa, Jihene Ben Abdallah, Sawssan Mrad, Mohamed Ben Rejeb, Abdelaziz Hayouni, Mohamed Benzarti, et al. "The Effects of Ramadan-Fasting (RF) on Inflammatory and Hematological Indices of Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Male Patients: A Pilot Study." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 6 (August 17, 2018): 2089–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318794304.

Full text

Abstract:

No previous study has evaluated the effects of RF on inflammatory and hematological indices of COPD patients. The main objective of the present pilot study was to assess the effects of RF on some inflammatory and hematological indices measured in male patients with stable COPD. Fifteen COPD patients (mean ± SD of age: 71 ± 6 years) who fasted during Ramadan 2017 volunteered for the study. Three sessions (Before-Ramadan, End-Ramadan and After-Ramadan) were selected. Spirometry tests and blood samples were consistently performed 2.5–4.5 hr before the interruption of the fasting. Assessment sessions comprised: spirometry, inflammatory [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); C-reactive protein (CRP)] and hematological [red and white blood cells (RBC, WBC); hemoglobin; hematocrit; mean corpuscular volume; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; platelets] indices. Findings were analyzed by applying Friedman ANOVA. The median (lower–upper quartiles) of ESR (Before-Ramadan: 3 (2–9), End-Ramadan: 7 (0–13), After-Ramadan: 9 (5–15) mm/h) and CRP (Before-Ramadan: 20 (11–38), End-Ramadan: 15 (9–34), After-Ramadan: 20 (12–46) mg/L) were not significantly affected by RF. Among all the hematological indices, RF influenced only hemoglobin (Before-Ramadan: 14.4 ± 2.2, End-Ramadan: 13.4 ± 1.3, After-Ramadan: 12.2 ± 0.9 g/dL), hematocrit (Before-Ramadan: 45 ± 7, End-Ramadan: 40 ± 4, After-Ramadan: 39 ± 4%), RBC (Before-Ramadan: 5.1 ± 1.0, End-Ramadan: 4.6 ± 0.7, After-Ramadan: 4.4 ± 0.5 106/mm3) and WBC (Before-Ramadan: 8,673 ± 1,911, End-Ramadan: 7,840 ± 1,526, After-Ramadan: 9,507 ± 2,190/mm3). Compared to the Before-Ramadan session, the End-Ramadan session values for hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC and WBC were lower. Compared to the After-Ramadan session, the End-Ramadan session values for hemoglobin and WBC were higher and lower, respectively. In conclusion, RF caused significant reduction in hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC and WBC. However, it did not induce any significant changes in the CRP and ESR indices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Boukhris, Omar, Khaled Trabelsi, Roy Jesse Shephard, Hsen Hsouna, Raouf Abdessalem, Lassaad Chtourou, Achraf Ammar, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, and Hamdi Chtourou. "Sleep Patterns, Alertness, Dietary Intake, Muscle Soreness, Fatigue, and Mental Stress Recorded before, during and after Ramadan Observance." Sports 7, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7050118.

Full text

Abstract:

Ramadan is one of the pillars of the Islamic creed. Its observance commonly causes chrono-biological changes. The present study examined sleep and alertness during Ramadan observance relative to data collected before and after Ramadan in a sample of young, physically active men. Information was also collected on dietary intake, muscle soreness, fatigue, and mental stress over the three periods. Fourteen physically active men (age: 21.6 ± 3.3 years, height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m, body-mass: 73.1 ± 9.0 kg) completed the Hooper questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and responded to the digit cancellation test (DCT) fifteen days before Ramadan, during the last ten days of Ramadan and 20 days after Ramadan. The PSQI results indicated that sleep duration was significantly longer before Ramadan (p = 0.003) and after Ramadan (p = 0.04) compared to during Ramadan and was longer before Ramadan than after Ramadan (p = 0.04). In addition, the sleep efficiency was lower during Ramadan in comparison to before Ramadan (p = 0.02) and after Ramadan (p = 0.04). The daytime dysfunction score increased during Ramadan in comparison with before Ramadan (p = 0.01) and after Ramadan (p = 0.04), and the sleep quality score was higher during (p = 0.003) and after Ramadan (p = 0.04) as compared to before Ramadan. The sleep disturbance score increased during Ramadan relative to before Ramadan (p = 0.04). However, Ramadan observance had no significant effect on sleep latency. Mental alertness also decreased at the end of Ramadan compared to before (p = 0.003) or after Ramadan (p = 0.01). Dietary intake, muscle soreness, fatigue, and mental stress as estimated by the Hooper questionnaire remained unchanged over the three periods of the investigation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Ramadan observance had an adverse effect on sleep quantity and on mental alertness, but not on sleep quality. However, dietary intake, muscle soreness, fatigue, and mental stress remained unaffected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Rahman, M., M. Rashid, S. Basher, S. Sultana, and M. Z. A. Nomani. "Improved serum HDL cholesterol profile among Bangladeshi male students during Ramadan fasting." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 10, no. 1-2 (March 17, 2004): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2004.10.1-2.131.

Full text

Abstract:

Effects of Ramadan fasting on serum lipids of 20 healthy males in Bangladesh were assessed. Anthropometric parameters and blood lipids were measured 1 day before Ramadan, day 26 of Ramadan and 1 month after Ramadan. Body weight and body mass index decreased significantly during Ramadan compared with before and after Ramadan. Fat intake was significantly higher during Ramadan than after. High-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol increased significantly during Ramadan. Other lipids were not significantly different. Regression analysis of Ramadan HDL cholesterol levels indicated positive association with pulse rate and fat intake and negative association with systolic blood pressure and weight loss. The findings indicate improved HDL cholesterol profiles during Ramadan

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ugur, Zeynep B. "Does Ramadan Affect Happiness? Evidence from Turkey." Archive for the Psychology of Religion 40, no. 2-3 (December 2018): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15736121-12341358.

Full text

Abstract:

The lunar month of Ramadan is an important time period for Muslims around the world. In this study, we examine whether Ramadan brings happiness to individuals. For this purpose, we conducted a survey once before Ramadan, three times during Ramadan, and once after Ramadan. Our results show that with every week in Ramadan, a small boost of happiness is reported. Yet, two weeks after Ramadan, people seem to return to their baseline level of happiness. We suggest that Ramadan is associated with higher well-being due to increased socialization as non-fasting and those who fast partially also has statistically higher happiness scores than pre-Ramadan sample. Yet, those who have highest happiness scores are those who fasted fully.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Zainudin, Sueziani B., Khalishah Nadhirah B. Abu Bakar, Salmiah B. Abdullah, and Aslena B. Hussain. "Diabetes education and medication adjustment in Ramadan (DEAR) program prepares for self-management during fasting with tele-health support from pre-Ramadan to post-Ramadan." Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 9, no. 8 (June 12, 2018): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042018818781669.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: We evaluated the outcome for fasting Muslims with diabetes prepared with pre-Ramadan optimization through education and medication adjustment, tele-support and intervention up to post-Ramadan. Methods: Muslims with diabetes planning to fast were recruited into a focused diabetes program for Ramadan fasting. It consisted of (a) a pre-Ramadan assessment and test fasting to optimize glycemic control, (b) education on diabetes management during fasting, (c) tele-monitoring from pre-Ramadan and (d) a post-Ramadan review. Their metabolic profiles and diaries for meals, activities and glucose monitoring were evaluated. Results: Twenty-nine participants were enrolled, with mean age 58.4 ± 9.2 years, 75.9% female, 79.3% Malays and 93.1% type 2 diabetes. A total of 92% needed medication adjustment and 93% fasted for at least 14 days. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and weight decreased from 8.8 ± 1.8% (72.7 mmol/mol) pre-Ramadan to 8.5 ± 1.7% (69.4 mmol/mol) post-Ramadan and 76.6 ± 20.3 kg pre-Ramadan to 75.9 ± 21.3 kg post-Ramadan, respectively. There were decreased complications of hypoglycemia from 13.8% to 10.3% and several-fold improvement in hyperglycemia from 31.0% to 3.5% during Ramadan fasting when compared with pre-Ramadan. Conclusions: Muslims with diabetes were able to self-manage when fasting using tele-monitoring support and intervention, with decreased complications during Ramadan compared with pre-Ramadan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Munusamy, Dharani. "Does Ramadan influence the returns and volatility? Evidence from Shariah index in India." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 10, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-03-2016-0025.

Full text

Abstract:

PurposeMuslim’s hope that the holy month of Ramadan will create something more valuable for them. Through fasting and good actions, they can get rewarded twice than they normally can achieve. With this motivation, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the holy month of Ramadan effect on the returns and volatility of the Shariah index in India.Design/methodology/approachUsing the ordinary least square methods, this paper examines the impact of Ramadan effect on the returns of the Shariah index in India. This paper further investigates the impact of the holy month of Ramadan effect on the volatility of the Shariah index by applying GARCH-modified models. This paper categorizes the Ramadan days into three parts, namely God’s Mercy, God’s Forgiveness and Emancipation from hellfire to examine the relationship between the Ramadan effect and the returns and volatility of the Shariah index in India.FindingsThe results show that the returns during the month of Ramadan as a whole are statistically significant. The results further motivate that its last ten days have high influences than other days over the period. Finally, the study examines the Ramadan effect on volatility by applying GARCH modified models and finds an evidence of Ramadan effect during the first ten days of Ramadan month.Originality/valueThe positive impact of Ramadan increases on the days associated with higher worship intensity. The study provides an important information to the ethical investors to invest in the Shariah stocks during Ramadan days. This information is very useful for the investors to get an abnormal return during the Ramadan days.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Rahmatullah, Arief, Putu Anom Mahadwartha, and Endang Ernawati. "THE EFFECT OF RAMADAN MONTH ON STOCK RETURN AND VOLATILITY OF A SHARIA-BASED INDEX." Journal of Entrepreneurship & Business 2, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v2i2.4642.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to examine the effect of a religious-related calendar anomaly, namely Ramadan, on stock return and volatility of a Sharia-based index in Indonesia. This study used the GARCH (p,q) method and linear regression to examine the effect of Ramadan on stock returns and volatility, with Ramadan as a dummy variable. This study results show that Ramadan month has a significant positive effect on stock returns, or it can be said that an anomaly occurs during Ramadan month. Meanwhile, volatility during Ramadan month is negative and not significant. This study also exercised a T-test to support the GARCH regression (p,q) and linear regression results. The t-test results show that the average return during Ramadan is higher than in other months. Meanwhile, the average volatility during Ramadan is lower than in other months.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Qureshi, Nazmul Kabir, Nazma Akter, and Zafar Ahmed. "Follow-up and treatment pattern during Ramadan and evaluation of the outcome of Ramadan fasting on clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a realworld, multi-center, prospective observational study." BIRDEM Medical Journal 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v11i1.51027.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: There are variable effects of Ramadan fasting on clinical and biochemical variables of diabetic people. Anti-diabetic agents are often adjusted during this time to reflect changes in lifestyle. The study was conducted to understand the diversity of follow-up, treatment pattern, clinical, and biochemical outcome of Ramadan fasting among type 2 diabetic patients who observed Ramadan fast. Methods: This real-world, multi-center, prospective, observational study was conducted at the diabetes outpatient department of National Healthcare Network (NHN) Uttara Center of Bangladesh Diabetic Somity (BADAS), Dhaka, Bangladesh and outpatient department of MARKS Hormone and Diabetes clinic, MARKS Medical College &Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh upon randomly selected type 2 diabetic patients, recruited 1 to 12 weeks prior to the Ramadan and followed up till 12 weeks post-Ramadan period. Finally, a total of 271 participants completed satisfactory follow up. Data was collected before, during, and after Ramadan using a set of questionnaires in a face to face interview. Results: The majority (80.1%) of participants received pre-Ramadan education, counseling, adjustment of medication and other direction to help them cope with Ramadan fasting. A significant reduction of weight, body mass index (BMI)) and blood pressure were reported after Ramadan fast (p<0.001). None of the studied participants experienced severe hyper/hypoglycemia or acute complications requiring hospitalization or an emergency room visit. Metformin was the commonest prescribed anti-diabetic medication. Premixed insulin was the commonest insulin regimen during study period. Three most commonly adjusted oral anti-diabetic drugs were gliclazide, glimepiride, metformin and insulin doses were also adjusted. Mean of fasting and prandial capillary blood glucose decreased from pre-Ramadan period to post-Ramadan period (P<0.05). HbA1c decreased during post-Ramadan period compared to pre-Ramadan visit (P=0.13). A significant reduction in the triglyceride level was observed during post-Ramadan follow up (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed that a safe fasting can be observed with proper pre-Ramadan work-up. Ramadan fasting resulted into significant reduction of weight, BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile and improved glycemic status in patients with type 2 diabetes. Birdem Med J 2021; 11(1): 30-38

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Loh, Huai Heng, and Nor Azmi Kamaruddin. "Treatment Options for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus during the Fasting Month of Ramadan." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 49, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202060.

Full text

Abstract:

During Ramadan, Muslims fast from sunrise (Sahur) to sunset (Iftar) and are required to abstain from food and fluids, including oral and injectable medications. Patients with diabetes who fast during Ramadan are at risk of developing hyperglycemia with increased risk of ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, dehydration and thrombosis. Pre-Ramadan education and preparation of a fasting patient are essential to reduce severe complications. This review paper summarizes studies to date on oral and injectable medications available for patients with type 2 diabetes during Ramadan fasting, as well as recommendations on management of these patients during Ramadan. Although there is limited data on the use of Metformin, Acarbose and Thiazolidinedione in Ramadan, they appear to be safe. Sulphonylurea, especially Glibenclamide, is associated with higher risk of hypoglycemia during Ramadan fasting, hence may need adjustment in dosing and timing. The incretin group and SGLT2 inhibitor use during Ramadan fasting is associated with low risk of hypoglycemia with no increased adverse events. Insulin regimes need to be individualized for patients who fast during Ramadan. Key words: Anti-diabetic medication dose adjustment; Iftar (sunset), Muslims; Sahur (sunrise); Treatment modification

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Sayeed, Adiba, Mohammed Abdul Hannan Hazari, and Mehnaaz Sameera Arifuddin. "Immediate and delayed effect of Ramadan fasting on spirometry parameters." Annals of Medical Physiology 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23921/amp.2018v2i1.279619.

Full text

Abstract:

Fasting in the month of Ramadan is an obligatory duty for muslims. Researchers have investigated health benefits of fasting and reported conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate and delayed effects of Ramadan fasting on spirometric parameters. 50 apparently healthy young adults aged between 17-27 years, belonging to both genders who fast during the month of Ramadan were enrolled for the study. Spirometric recordings were done at three different time points. First: 5-10 days before the start of Ramadan (Pre-Ramadan); second: within 10 days of the beginning of Ramadan fasting (Ramadan); third: within 7 days of the end of Ramadan (Post-Ramadan). There were no statistically significant differences between the three phases with respect to tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory flow 25% to 75% (FEF25-27). To conclude, Ramadan fasting does not have any significant effect on pulmonary function tests as assessed by spirometry. Hence, the diagnosis and prognosis of a respiratory disorder made on spirometry findings are reliable and need no error correction if an individual is fasting.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Fernando, Hamish, Jessica Zibellini, Rebecca Harris, Radhika Seimon, and Amanda Sainsbury. "Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Weight and Body Composition in Healthy Non-Athlete Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (February 24, 2019): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020478.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Ramadan involves one month of fasting from sunrise to sunset. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on weight and body composition. Methods: In May 2018, we searched six databases for publications that measured weight and body composition before and after Ramadan, and that did not attempt to influence physical activity or diet. Results: Data were collected from 70 publications (90 comparison groups, 2947 participants). There was a significant positive correlation between starting body mass index and weight lost during the fasting period. Consistently, there was a significant reduction in fat percentage between pre-Ramadan and post-Ramadan in people with overweight or obesity (−1.46 (95% confidence interval: −2.57 to −0.35) %, p = 0.010), but not in those of normal weight (−0.41 (−1.45 to 0.63) %, p = 0.436). Loss of fat-free mass was also significant between pre-Ramadan and post-Ramadan, but was about 30% less than loss of absolute fat mass. At 2–5 weeks after the end of Ramadan, there was a return towards, or to, pre-Ramadan measurements in weight and body composition. Conclusions: Even with no advice on lifestyle changes, there are consistent—albeit transient—reductions in weight and fat mass with the Ramadan fast, especially in people with overweight or obesity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ghayour Najafabadi, Mahboubeh, Laya Rahbar Nikoukar, Amir Memari, Hamed Ekhtiari, and Sara Beygi. "Does Ramadan Fasting Adversely Affect Cognitive Function in Young Females?" Scientifica 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/432428.

Full text

Abstract:

We examined the effects of Ramadan fasting on cognitive function in 17 female athletes. Data were obtained from participants of two fasting (n=9) and nonfasting (n=8) groups at three periods of the study (before Ramadan, at the third week in Ramadan, and after Ramadan). Digit span test (DST) and Stroop color test were employed to assess short-term memory and inhibition/cognitive flexibility at each time point. There were no significant changes for DST and Stroop task 1 in both groups, whereas Stroop task 2 and task 3 showed significant improvements in Ramadan condition (p<0.05). Interference indices did not change significantly across the study except in post-Ramadan period of fasting group (p<0.05). Group × week interaction was significant only for error numbers (p<0.05). Athletes in nonfasting showed a significant decrease in number of errors in Ramadan compared to baseline (p<0.05). The results suggest that Ramadan fasting may not adversely affect cognitive function in female athletes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mirzaii-Dizgah, Iraj, and Behnoosh Vasaghi-Gharamaleki. "Unstimulated Whole Saliva Cortisol Levels during Ramadan in Iranian Muslims." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 3 (2014): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1540.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Aims Ramadan is a great opportunity for scientific research due to its peculiar nature. This study was designed to investigate whether morning saliva cortisol pick can change during and after Ramadan compared to before it. Materials and methods A total of 30 healthy volunteer men (aged between 30 and 76 years) were asked to participate in a cross-sectional study between August 12 and September 10, 2010. Saliva was collected 2 weeks before the beginning of Ramadan (BR), during the first week (R1), middle (R2), the last week (R3) of Ramadan and 3 weeks after Ramadan (AR). Cortisol concentration was analyzed by ELISA. Statistical analysis of one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Results The mean unstimulated saliva cortisol concentration and its output were significantly higher in the BR than during and after Ramadan. Conclusion Mean saliva cortisol concentration and its output tended to be lower during and 3 weeks after Ramadan. Clinical significance Cortisol as a stress hormone seems to be low during Ramadan. How to cite this article Vasaghi-Gharamaleki B, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. Unstimulated Whole Saliva Cortisol Levels during Ramadan in Iranian Muslims. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):341-344.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Royanulloh, Royanulloh, and Komari Komari. "Bulan Ramadan dan Kebahagiaan Seorang Muslim." Jurnal Psikologi Islam dan Budaya 2, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jpib.v2i2.5587.

Full text

Abstract:

The Islamic and the Nusantara tradition shows that Ramadan is always welcomed with joy. Therefore, Ramadan is related to happiness. This quantitative research analyzes how changes in happiness occur as the coming of Ramadan. The respondents are 117 muslims adult who have received pesantren education. The results showed that significant differences in positive emotions between weeks 3, 2, and 1 before the coming of Ramadan. Meanwhile, negative emotions did not show a significant decrease. Then, the correlation test results show there is a positive correlation between the arrival of Ramadan with positive emotions. Meanwhile, the correlation test was negative with negative emotions. This research proves the coming of the month of Ramadan associated with increasing happiness of a muslim.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

GÖÇMEN, Ayşe Yeşim, Kasım ÇAĞLAYAN, and Emir SILIT. "Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Oxidative Stress and Thyroid Functions." Journal of Digestive Disorders and Diagnosis 1, no. 4 (March 12, 2019): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2574-4526.jddd-19-2683.

Full text

Abstract:

Ramadan fasting might be beneficial for digestive health, if appetite control and balanced diet is achieved. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on thyroid glands and some biochemical parameters in Turkish people living in Yozgat region. A total of 40 healthy subjects (20 men and 20 women) aged between 21-50 years were randomly recruited. Thyroid nodule volumes, thyroid hormones, body weights, glucose, total Cholesterol (TC), and oxidant stress index (OSI) were measured before Ramadan and at the end of Ramadan. There were beneficial changes in blood parameters and thyroid volumes, after one month of fasting during Ramadan compared with baseline. The Ramadan fasting might affect the radiological and biochemical parameters in healthy Turkish subjects. To improve the favorable digestive health in Ramadan fasting, diet and lifestyle modifications such as, increased intake of healthy foods and physical exercises might be recommended.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Chaouachi, Anis, Aaron J. Coutts, Del P. Wong, Rachida Roky, Abderraouf Mbazaa, Mohamed Amri, and Karim Chamari. "Haematological, inflammatory, and immunological responses in elite judo athletes maintaining high training loads during Ramadan." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 34, no. 5 (October 2009): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h09-095.

Full text

Abstract:

During Ramadan, Muslims abstain from food and fluid intake from dawn to sunset for 1 month. These behavioural changes that accompany Ramadan may impact upon Muslim athletes who continue to train intensely. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on the haematological, inflammatory, and immunological measures in elite judo athletes maintaining their usual high training loads. Haematological markers of inflammation, hormones, and immune status were studied in 15 elite male judo athletes before, during, and after Ramadan. The RIF produced small but significant changes in inflammatory, hormonal, and immunological profiles in judo athletes. Serum C-reactive protein increased from 2.93 ± 0.26 mg·L–1 pre-Ramadan to 4.60 ± 0.51 mg·L–1 at the end of Ramadan. Haptoglobin and antitrypsin also significantly increased at different phases during Ramadan, whereas homocysteine and prealbumin remained relatively unchanged. Albumin decreased slightly by mid-Ramadan, then recovered. Immunoglobulin Aincreased from 1.87 ± 0.56 g·L–1 before Ramadan to 2.49 ± 0.75 g·L–1 at the end, and remained high 3 weeks after. There were no changes in the leucocyte cell counts throughout the study. The mean blood level of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine increased significantly during RIF. Most of these changes were within the normal ranges. These results suggest that athletes who continue to train intensely during Ramadan are liable to experience a myriad of small fluctuations in hormones, immunoglobulins, antioxidants, and inflammatory responses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!