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Journal articles on the topic 'Raman spectroscopy. Nanostructured materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Golubev, Yevgeny A., Sergey I. Isaenko, Alexander S. Prikhodko, Nikolay I. Borgardt, and Elenai Suvorova. "Raman spectroscopic study of natural nanostructured carbon materials: shungitevs. anthraxolite." European Journal of Mineralogy 28, no. 3 (September 23, 2016): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2016/0028-2537.

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2

Arora, Akhilesh K., M. Rajalakshmi, T. R. Ravindran, and V. Sivasubramanian. "Raman spectroscopy of optical phonon confinement in nanostructured materials." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 38, no. 6 (2007): 604–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1684.

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3

Sharma, Shubham, Swarna Jaiswal, Brendan Duffy, and Amit Jaiswal. "Nanostructured Materials for Food Applications: Spectroscopy, Microscopy and Physical Properties." Bioengineering 6, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6010026.

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Nanotechnology deals with matter of atomic or molecular scale. Other factors that define the character of a nanoparticle are its physical and chemical properties, such as surface area, surface charge, hydrophobicity of the surface, thermal stability of the nanoparticle and its antimicrobial activity. A nanoparticle is usually characterized by using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Microscopic techniques are used to characterise the size, shape and location of the nanoparticle by producing an image of the individual nanoparticle. Several techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy/high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) have been developed to observe and characterise the surface and structural properties of nanostructured material. Spectroscopic techniques are used to study the interaction of a nanoparticle with electromagnetic radiations as the function of wavelength, such as Raman spectroscopy, UV–Visible spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), Zeta potential spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Nanostructured materials have a wide application in the food industry as nanofood, nano-encapsulated probiotics, edible nano-coatings and in active and smart packaging.

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4

Krajczewski, Jan, Robert Ambroziak, and Andrzej Kudelski. "Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Formed on Nanostructured Non-Metallic Materials: Preparation and Characterization." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010075.

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The efficiency of the generation of Raman spectra by molecules adsorbed on some substrates (or placed at a very close distance to some substrates) may be many orders of magnitude larger than the efficiency of the generation of Raman spectra by molecules that are not adsorbed. This effect is called surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In the first SERS experiments, nanostructured plasmonic metals have been used as SERS-active materials. Later, other types of SERS-active materials have also been developed. In this review article, various SERS substrates formed on nanostructured non-metallic materials, including non-metallic nanostructured thin films or non-metallic nanoparticles covered by plasmonic metals and SERS-active nanomaterials that do not contain plasmonic metals, are described. Significant advances for many important applications of SERS spectroscopy of substrates based on nanostructured non-metallic materials allow us to predict a large increase in the significance of such nanomaterials in the near future. Some future perspectives on the application of SERS substrates utilizing nanostructured non-metallic materials are also presented.

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5

Bartosewicz, B., Per Ola Andersson, I. Dzięcielewski, B. Jankiewicz, and J. L. Weyher. "Nanostructured GaN sensors for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 91 (March 2019): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2018.11.012.

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6

Dernaika, H., S. V. Chong, C. G. Artur, and J. L. Tallon. "Spectroscopic Identification of Neurotoxin Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) Captured by Supramolecular Receptorβ-Cyclodextrin Immobilized on Nanostructured Gold Surfaces." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207258.

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We report on the spectroscopic identification of tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS), a deadly neurotoxic rodenticide, captured on plasmonic substrates using supramolecular guest-host functionality. Commercial nanopatterned surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active substrates were self-assembled with hostβ-cyclodextrin (CD) and the captured TETS was readily identified by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and infrared spectroscopy, but not with Raman. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was carried out to determine the Raman scattering cross section of TETS to gauge its Raman scattering efficiency in the preresonant 633 nm excitation region. This was found to be lower than 10−29 cm2/sr, much lower than that of a dye molecule commonly used in SERS experiment. We explain the nondetection of TETS by Raman based on a combined intrinsically weak Raman scattering cross section and their low surface concentration, where XPS only shows a surface coverage of less than 0.02 monolayer with respect to the total number of gold sites. Comparing this to our own CD-decorated 10 nm gold nanoparticles (NPs) surface, we found that the inherently greater surface area provided by the NPs increases the amount of CD present (per unit area), giving our surface the capability to detect both the receptor and TETS via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR.

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7

Fabián, Martin, Marta Harničárová, Jan Valíček, Klebson L. Da Silva, Horst Hahn, Vladimír Šepelák, Michal Lesňák, and Milena Kušnerová. "Evidence of Tetrahedrally Coordinated Nickel Cations in Nanostructured NiFe2O4." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16492.

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Nanostructured nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) is prepared via high-energy ball milling of the bulk counterpart at ambient temperature. The structure of the as-prepared nanoferrite is characterized by Raman spectroscopy and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Due to the ability of these spectroscopic techniques to probe the local environment of ions, valuable complementary insight into the nature of the local structural disorder of nanosized NiFe2O4 is provided. For the first time, evidence is given of the tetrahedrally coordinated nickel cations in the nanomaterial.

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8

Gouadec, Gwénaël, and Philippe Colomban. "Raman spectroscopy of nanostructures and nanosized materials." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 38, no. 6 (2007): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1749.

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9

Semenova, Anna A., Alexander P. Semenov, Elena A. Gudilina, Galina T. Sinyukova, Nadezhda A. Brazhe, Georgy V. Maksimov, and Eugene A. Goodilin. "Nanostructured silver materials for noninvasive medical diagnostics by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Mendeleev Communications 26, no. 3 (May 2016): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2016.04.001.

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10

Mogensen, Klaus Bo, Marina Gühlke, Janina Kneipp, Shima Kadkhodazadeh, Jakob B. Wagner, Marta Espina Palanco, Harald Kneipp, and Katrin Kneipp. "Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on aluminum using near infrared and visible excitation." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 28 (2014): 3744–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc00010b.

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11

Fazio, E., M. Latino, F. Neri, and F. Bonsignore. "Raman scattering study of evaporated carbon nanostructured films." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 39, no. 2 (2008): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1895.

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12

Semenova, Anna A., Alexander E. Baranchikov, Vladimir K. Ivanov, and Eugene A. Goodilin. "Interfacial self-assembly of nanostructured silver octahedra for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 05 (October 2018): 1850028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718500285.

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A novel robust and effective approach is suggested to form thin film substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using interfacial self-assembly in demixing water/toluene Pickering emulsions collecting silver octahedral mesocages onto a finally flat interfacial region. The freely floating self-assembled silver films obtained after toluene evaporation can be transferred onto various substrates including those with an ordered superficial relief causing a further alignment of silver octahedra. A special porous aggregative structure of the octahedra mesocages provokes a great number of hot spots allowing a large amplification of Raman scattering signal of model dye analytes and molecular thiol products of crude oil desulfurization. The suggested method seems to be an easy scaling route for SERS active material production.

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13

Semenova, Anna A., Irina A. Veselova, Nadezhda A. Brazhe, Andrei V. Shevelkov, and Eugene A. Goodilin. "Soft chemistry of pure silver as unique plasmonic metal of the Periodic Table of Elements." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 7 (July 28, 2020): 1007–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2020-0104.

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AbstractThe International Year of The Periodic Table of Chemical Elements revealed that the Table remains both a deeply fundamental paradigm for various branches of chemistry and a universal practical tool for predictable design of new materials. Silver is a notable “nanoelement” particularly known by its plasmonic properties. A key advantage of this metal is an easily achievable morphological variety of nanostructured materials. This element represents a research branch of precise engineering of shapes and sizes of nanoparticle ensembles and smart hierarchic nanostructures. In the review, unique features of silver are discussed with respect to the development of novel analytical methods for forthcoming applications of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in ecology, biology and medicine.

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14

Kim, J. H., H. Rho, J. Kim, Y.-J. Choi, and J.-G. Park. "Raman spectroscopy of ZnS nanostructures." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 43, no. 7 (March 20, 2012): 906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.3116.

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15

Benítez-Rico, A., M. F. García-Sánchez, M. Picquart, B. M. Monroy-Peláez, and G. Santana-Rodríguez. "Understanding the High Ionic Conductivity in Nanostructured Ytterbium Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/692648.

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Recently, high ionic conduction has been reported in nanostructured materials. This increase in conductivity can be important in technological applications, including micro-Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, so the understanding of this phenomenon is essential. In this work, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EDS maps, and UV-Visible spectroscopy measurements are used to have an insight into the relationship between structural and electrical properties in nanostructured ytterbium stabilized zirconia (YbSZ) thin films prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Raman measurements allowed the identification of a mixture of tetragonal and cubic phases at 4% of Yb doping, which cannot be detected by XRD, while the compositional maps suggest that Yb can be located preferentially in the grain boundaries. Changes in the activation energy values in bulk and grain boundaries are related to the small grain sizes (≤10 nm). UV measurements support the ionic nature of the charge transport. These results indicate that the high conductivity is a consequence of different physical parameters in the films such as stress in the materials, different crystalline phases, impurities diffusion to the grain boundaries, and the presence or absence of electronic conduction. A model that explains the increase of conductivity in nanostructured materials must include all these aspects.

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16

Sackmann, M., S. Bom, T. Balster, and A. Materny. "Nanostructured gold surfaces as reproducible substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 38, no. 3 (2007): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1639.

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17

Talian, Ivan, Klaus Bo Mogensen, Andrej Oriňák, Dušan Kaniansky, and Jörg Hübner. "Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on novel black silicon-based nanostructured surfaces." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 40, no. 8 (August 2009): 982–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.2213.

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18

Kumar, S. Saravana, M. Abdul Khadar, K. G. M. Nair, S. Dhara, and P. Magudapathy. "Resonance Raman study of He+ion implanted nanostructured ZnS." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 39, no. 12 (December 2008): 1900–1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.2056.

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19

Bertran, E., S. N. Sharma, G. Viera, J. Costa, P. St'ahel, and P. Roca i. Cabarrocas. "Effect of the Nanoparticles on the Structure and Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon Thin Films Produced by rf Glow Discharge." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 9 (September 1998): 2476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0347.

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Thin films of nanostructured silicon (ns-Si:H) were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in the presence of silicon nanoparticles at 100 °C substrate temperature using a silane and hydrogen gas mixture under continuous wave (cw) plasma conditions. The nanostructure of the films has been demonstrated by diverse ways: transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction, which have shown the presence of ordered silicon clusters (1–2 nm) embedded in an amorphous silicon matrix. Because of the presence of these ordered domains, the films crystallize faster than standard hydrogenated amorphous silicon samples, as evidenced by electrical measurements during the thermal annealing.

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20

Dick, Susan, Magdalena P. Konrad, Wendy W. Y. Lee, Hannah McCabe, John N. McCracken, Taifur M. D. Rahman, Alan Stewart, Yikai Xu, and Steven E. J. Bell. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy as a Probe of the Surface Chemistry of Nanostructured Materials." Advanced Materials 28, no. 27 (January 29, 2016): 5705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201505355.

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21

Taurbayev, Y. T., K. A. Gonchar, A. V. Zoteev, Victor Timoshenko, Z. Zh Zhanabayev, V. E. Nikulin, and T. I. Taurbayev. "Electrochemical Nanostructuring of Semiconductors by Capillary-Cell Method." Key Engineering Materials 442 (June 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.442.1.

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Wafers of silicon and compound semiconductors are nanostructured by using electrochemical or chemical etching (stain etching) in etching cell with electrolyte kept by capillary forces. Atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and Raman scattering methods reveale nanoporous and nanocrystalline structure of the treated surfaces. The formed porous semiconductors demonstrate efficient photoluminescence, which is controlled by etching parameters, i.e. current density, electrolyte content, etc. These results indicate good prospects of the employed capillary-cell method for preparing nanostructured porous materials with desired structure and optical properties.

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22

Muniz-Miranda, Maurizio, Cristina Gellini, Pier Remigio Salvi, Massimo Innocenti, Marco Pagliai, and Vincenzo Schettino. "Fabrication of nanostructured silver substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 13, no. 11 (July 15, 2011): 5863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0493-x.

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23

Lakshmi-Narayana, Hussain, Mauger, and Julien. "Transport Properties of Nanostructured Li2TiO3 Anode Material Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method." Sci 1, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1020039.

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Li2TiO3 nanopowders were synthesized by hydrothermal process using anatase TiO2 and LiOH H2O as raw materials. Li2TiO3 crystallizes in the layered monoclinic structure (space group C2/c) with average crystallite size of 34 nm. Morphology, elemental composition and local structure of products were carried out using HRTEM, FESEM, EDS, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. Transport properties investigated by d.c. (4-probe measurements) and a.c. (complex impedance spectroscopy) show the activation energy of 0.71 and 0.65 eV, respectively. The ionic transport properties of Li+ ions in nanocrystalline Li2TiO3 characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) validate the good electrochemical properties of this anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

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24

Chen, Kexun, and Hui Wang. "Plasmon-driven photocatalytic molecular transformations on metallic nanostructure surfaces: mechanistic insights gained from plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 6, no. 4 (2021): 250–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1me00016k.

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This Review Article elaborates on the insights gained from in situ plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which shed light on the complex mechanisms underpinning plasmon-driven photocatalytic molecular transformations on nanostructured metal surfaces.

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25

Biagiotti, Giacomo, Vittoria Langè, Cristina Ligi, Stefano Caporali, Maurizio Muniz-Miranda, Anna Flis, K. Michał Pietrusiewicz, Giacomo Ghini, Alberto Brandi, and Stefano Cicchi. "Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (February 22, 2017): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.52.

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A new synthetic approach for the production of carbon nanomaterials (CNM) decorated with organophosphorus moieties is presented. Three different triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) derivatives were used to decorate oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (ox-MWCNTs) and graphene platelets (GPs). The TPPOs chosen bear functional groups able to react with the CNMs by Tour reaction (an amino group), nitrene cycloaddition (an azido group) or CuAAC reaction (one terminal C–C triple bond). All the adducts were characterized by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, XPS, elemental analysis and ICP-AES. The cycloaddition of nitrene provided the higher loading on ox-MWCNTs and GPs as well, while the Tour approach gave best results with nanotubes (CNTs). Finally, we investigated the possibility to reduce the TPPO functionalized CNMs to the corresponding phosphine derivatives and applied one of the materials produced as heterogeneous organocatalyst in a Staudinger ligation reaction.

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26

Lakshmi-Narayana, Hussain, Mauger, and Julien. "Transport Properties of Nanostructured Li2TiO3 Anode Material Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method." Sci 1, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1030056.

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Li2TiO3 nanopowders were synthesized by hydrothermal process using anatase TiO2 and LiOHH2O as raw materials. Li2TiO3 crystallizes in the layered monoclinic structure (space group C2/c) with average crystallite size of 34 nm. Morphology, elemental composition and local structure of products were carried out using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Transport properties investigated by d.c. (4-probe measurements) and a.c. (complex impedance spectroscopy) show the activation energy of 0.71 and 0.65 eV, respectively. The ionic transport properties of Li+ ions in nanocrystalline Li2TiO3 characterized by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy validate the good electrochemical properties of this anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

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27

Lana-Villarreal, Teresa, Juan M. Pérez, and Roberto Gómez. "Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for adsorption studies on semiconductor nanostructured films." Surface Science 572, no. 2-3 (November 2004): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.09.009.

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28

Abramof, P. G., N. G. Ferreira, A. F. Beloto, and A. Y. Ueta. "Investigation of nanostructured porous silicon by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 338-340 (June 2004): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.02.039.

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29

Siqueira, Kisla P. F., and Anderson Dias. "Microwave-Hydrothermal Synthesis of Transition Metal Tungstates with Nanosized Particles." Solid State Phenomena 194 (November 2012): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.194.209.

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Microwave-hydrothermal processing was employed to synthesize Mn and Co tungstates under environmentally friendly conditions. X-ray diffraction showed that crystalline, single-phase materials were produced. Incipient crystallized compounds were also obtained in some conditions, as verified by TEM. For these samples, nanostructured regions could be observed inside the amorphous matrix. Sintered solid-solutions of Mn1-xCoxWO4 compounds were produced to investigate the morphological and structural changes in the resulted ceramic. Raman spectroscopy was used to obtain a reliable set of spectra containing all the Raman-active bands predicted by group-theory calculations.

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30

Цидаева, Н. И., А. Т. Накусов, С. А. Хайманов, А. К. Хубаев, Л. М. Кубалова, and W. Wang. "Микроструктура и элементный состав наноразмерных порошков и пленок редкоземельных ферритов-гранатов на основе Sm-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-12-=/SUB=-." Журнал технической физики 90, no. 2 (2020): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.02.48823.193-19.

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The synthesis of nanostructured powders and films based on rare-earth ferrite garnet Sm3Fe5O12 was carried out with hydrothermal as well as with the method of precipitation of aqueous solutions of nitrates on the substrate surface. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), and X-ray phase analysis (XRD), the topology of the surface and the phase composition of the samples were studied. According to AFM and SEM, particle sizes were evaluated and the structural features of powders and films were analyzed. Raman spectroscopy (RS) and X-ray phase analysis were used to examine the chemical composition and crystal structures of synthesized samples. The possibility of simultaneous investigation of the same sample area with AFM methods and Raman spectroscopy made it possible to obtain data of the chemical composition, the presence of impurities and defects, and the shape of macromolecules. Taking into account the set of obtained results, it is shown that materials based on Sm3Fe5O12, due to their structural features and physics-chemical parameters, can be used as filters for industrial sewage treatment.

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31

Mouratis, Kyriakos, Valentin Tudose, Cosmin Romanitan, Cristina Pachiu, Oana Tutunaru, Mirela Suchea, Stelios Couris, Dimitra Vernardou, and Koudoumas Emmanouel. "Electrochromic Performance of V2O5 Thin Films Grown by Spray Pyrolysis." Materials 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 3859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173859.

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A new approach regarding the development of nanostructured V2O5 electrochromic thin films at low temperature (250 °C), using air-carrier spray deposition and ammonium metavanadate in water as precursor is presented. The obtained V2O5 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, while their electrochromic response was studied using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The study showed that this simple, cost effective, suitable for large area deposition method can lead to V2O5 films with large active surface for electrochromic applications.

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32

Gellini, Cristina, Francesco Muniz-Miranda, Alfonso Pedone, and Maurizio Muniz-Miranda. "SERS active Ag–SiO2 nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (September 6, 2018): 2396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.224.

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Highly stable Ag–SiO2 nanoparticle composites were first obtained by laser ablation of a silver target in an aqueous colloidal dispersion of silica and examined by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of these nanocomposites was tested using 2,2’-bipyridine as a molecular reporter and excitation in the visible and near-IR spectral regions. The computational DFT approach provided evidence of ligand adsorption on positively charged adatoms of the silver nanostructured surface, in a very similar way to the metal/molecule interaction occurring in the corresponding Ag(I) coordination compound.

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33

Maarof, S. K. M., Mohamad Rusop, and Saifollah Abdullah. "Effect of Annealing Temperature on TiO₂ Nanostructured Prepared by Sol-Gel Method." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.763.

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Titanium Dioxide, TiO2 is one of the potential semiconductor materials. TiO2 has much application such as for pigments, oxygen sensors, and photocatalyst. Recently, the researcher study on the other application and revealed that this material has a great potential to be use in nanocoating area. The objective of this paper is to produce TiO2 nanostructured prepared by sol-gel method. Sol-gel was carried out using tetra (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP), absolute ethanol, Acetic Acid Glacial (GAA), Triton-X-100 and deionized water and all the solution was mixing by continuous stirring and heating. After finished prepare the sol-gel, solution will be spin coated onto glass substrate and annealed with different temperature for 2 hours. The particles were analyzed using Raman Spectroscopy to observe the crystallographic phase, and the morphology was evaluated through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). As a result, TiO2 that annealed at 450°C shows the better nanostructured compared to other annealing temperature. Keywords: Titanium Dioxide (TiO2); Sol-gel method ; Spin-coating ; Annealing process ; Raman spectroscopy

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34

Smirnov, Anton, Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote, Nikita Peretyagin, Yuri Pristinskiy, Pavel Peretyagin, and José F. Bartolomé. "Zirconia Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Hybrid Structure Fabricated by the Hydrothermal Reaction Method." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030687.

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In this work, we report an available technique for the effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the fabrication of nanostructured zirconia reduced graphene oxide powder via a hydrothermal method. Characterization of the obtained nano-hybrid structure materials was carried out using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The confirmation that GO was reduced and the uniform distribution of zirconia nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets during synthesis was obtained due to these techniques. This has presented new opportunities and prospects to use this uncomplicated and inexpensive technique for the development of zirconia/graphene nanocomposite powders.

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35

Zhang, Xiaoyu, Chanda Ranjit Yonzon, and Richard P. Van Duyne. "Nanosphere lithography fabricated plasmonic materials and their applications." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0136.

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Nanosphere lithography fabricated nanostructures have highly tunable localized surface plasmons, which have been used for important sensing and spectroscopy applications. In this work, the authors focus on biological applications and technologies that utilize two types of related plasmonic phenomena: localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Two applications of these plasmonic materials are presented: (i) the development of an ultrasensitive nanoscale optical biosensor based on LSPR wavelength-shift spectroscopy and (ii) the SERS detection of an anthrax biomarker.

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36

Chowdhury, S., Damon A. Hillman, Shane A. Catledge, Valery V. Konovalov, and Yogesh K. Vohra. "Synthesis of ultrasmooth nanostructured diamond films by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition using a He/H2/CH4/N2gas mixture." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 10 (October 2006): 2675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0334.

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Ultrasmooth nanostructured diamond (USND) films were synthesized on Ti–6Al–4V medical grade substrates by adding helium in H2/CH4/N2plasma and changing the N2/CH4gas flow from 0 to 0.6. We were able to deposit diamond films as smooth as 6 nm (root-mean-square), as measured by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) scan area of 2 μm2. Grain size was 4–5 nm at 71% He in (H2+ He) and N2/CH4gas flow ratio of 0.4 without deteriorating the hardness (∼50–60 GPa). The characterization of the films was performed with AFM, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation techniques. XRD and Raman results showed the nanocrystalline nature of the diamond films. The plasma species during deposition were monitored by optical emission spectroscopy. With increasing N2/CH4feedgas ratio (CH4was fixed) in He/H2/CH4/N2plasma, a substantial increase of CN radical (normalized by Balmer Hαline) was observed along with a drop in surface roughness up to a critical N2/CH4ratio of 0.4. The CN radical concentration in the plasma was thus correlated to the formation of ultrasmooth nanostructured diamond films.

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Dawood, M. K., S. Tripathy, S. B. Dolmanan, T. H. Ng, T. Hao, and J. Lam. "Needles and Haystacks: Influence of Catalytic Metal Nanoparticles on Structural and Vibrational Properties and Morphology of Silicon Nanowires Synthesized by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching." MRS Proceedings 1551 (2013): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.942.

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ABSTRACTMetal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) of silicon (Si) is a simple and low-cost process to fabricate Si nanostructures with varying aspect ratio and properties. In this work, we report on the structural and vibrational properties of Si nanostructures synthesized with varying metal catalyst. The morphology of the synthesized nanowires was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optical and vibrational properties of the Si nanostructures were studied by photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy using three different excitation sources (UV, visible and near-infrared) and are correlated to their microstructures. We propose that the excessive injection of holes into Si at the metal-Si interface and its diffusion to the nanowire surfaces facilitate the etching of Si on these surfaces, leading to a mesoporous network of Si nanocrystallites. When etched with catalytic Au nanoparticles, “hay-stacked” mesoporous Si nanowires were obtained. The straighter nanowires etched with Ag nanoparticles, consisted of a single crystalline core with a thin porous layer that decreased in thickness towards the base of the nanowire. This difference is due to the higher catalytic activity of Au compared to Ag for H2O2 decomposition. The SERRS observed during UV and visible Raman with Ag-etched Si nanowires and near-infrared Raman with Au-etched Si nanowires is due to the presence of the sunken metal nanoparticles. In addition, we explored the influence of varying H2O2 and HF concentration as well as the influence of increased etching temperature on the resultant nanostructured Si morphology. Such Si nanostructures may be useful for a wide range of applications such as photovoltaic and biological and chemical sensing.

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Loayza, Cristhian RL, Paulo DC Assunção, Danyella CS Cardoso, Diego JA Borges, Ademir AC Filho, Marcos AL Reis, and Eduardo M. Braga. "Incorporation of AWS 316L wire nanostructured with nickel-carbon nanotube by arc welding." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 14 (October 17, 2017): 1899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317735880.

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Carbon nanotubes have certain properties, such as 150 GPa tensile strength, a 1000 GPa shear modulus, an electrical conductivity of 60 S/m, and a high thermal conductivity of 2500 W/mk, that make them an optimum metallic matrix composite reinforcement. Otherwise, arc welding is a common industrial process that joins almost all metals. However, there are hardly any studies involving the addition of carbon nanotubes in stainless steel so far. In this research, we show the incorporation of an AWS 316L nanostructured wire with nickel-carbon nanotubes in austenitic stainless steel via pulsed gas tungsten arc welding, which formed nanocomposites with 0.75 and 1.5 wt% carbon nanotube contents in the wire. The characterization was performed by scanning electronic microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The Vickers microhardness test was used to analyze the mechanical properties. The nanostructure composite had microstructure modification, and superficial microhardness improved in 35% for 0.75 wt% carbon nanotube.

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Bhattarai, Jay K., Md Helal Uddin Maruf, and Keith J. Stine. "Plasmonic-Active Nanostructured Thin Films." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010115.

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Plasmonic-active nanomaterials are of high interest to scientists because of their expanding applications in the field for medicine and energy. Chemical and biological sensors based on plasmonic nanomaterials are well-established and commercially available, but the role of plasmonic nanomaterials on photothermal therapeutics, solar cells, super-resolution imaging, organic synthesis, etc. is still emerging. The effectiveness of the plasmonic materials on these technologies depends on their stability and sensitivity. Preparing plasmonics-active nanostructured thin films (PANTFs) on a solid substrate improves their physical stability. More importantly, the surface plasmons of thin film and that of nanostructures can couple in PANTFs enhancing the sensitivity. A PANTF can be used as a transducer for any of the three plasmonic-based sensing techniques, namely, the propagating surface plasmon, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based sensing techniques. Additionally, continuous nanostructured metal films have an advantage for implementing electrical controls such as simultaneous sensing using both plasmonic and electrochemical techniques. Although research and development on PANTFs have been rapidly advancing, very few reviews on synthetic methods have been published. In this review, we provide some fundamental and practical aspects of plasmonics along with the recent advances in PANTFs synthesis, focusing on the advantages and shortcomings of the fabrication techniques. We also provide an overview of different types of PANTFs and their sensitivity for biosensing.

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40

Li, Hui, Hailin Peng, Wenhui Dang, Lili Yu, and Zhongfan Liu. "Topological insulator nanostructures: Materials synthesis, Raman spectroscopy, and transport properties." Frontiers of Physics 7, no. 2 (September 15, 2011): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11467-011-0199-7.

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41

Kvítek, Ondřej, Jakub Siegel, Vladimír Hnatowicz, and Václav Švorčík. "Noble Metal Nanostructures Influence of Structure and Environment on Their Optical Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/743684.

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Optical properties of nanostructured materials, isolated nanoparticles, and structures composed of both metals and semiconductors are broadly discussed. Fundamentals of the origin of surface plasmons as well as the surface plasmon resonance sensing are described and documented on a number of examples. Localized plasmon sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are subjected to special interest since those techniques are inherently associated with the direct application of plasmonic structures. The possibility of tailoring the optical properties of ultra-thin metal layers via controlling their shape and morphology by postdeposition annealing is documented. Special attention is paid to the contribution of bimetallic particles and layers as well as metal structures encapsulated in semiconductors and dielectrics to the optical response. The opportunity to tune the properties of materials over a large scale of values opens up entirely new application possibilities of optical active structures. The nature of surface plasmons predetermines noble metal nanostructures to be promising great materials for development of modern label-free sensing methods based on plasmon resonance—SPR and LSPR sensing.

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42

Inoue, Fabiana, Rômulo Augusto Ando, and Paola Corio. "Raman evidence of the interaction between multiwalled carbon nanotubes and nanostructured TiO2." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 42, no. 6 (February 11, 2011): 1379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.2873.

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43

Song, Wei, Wei Li, Yuchuan Cheng, Huiying Jia, Guorui Zhao, Yinhua Zhou, Bai Yang, Weiqing Xu, Wenjing Tian, and Bing Zhao. "Surface enhanced Raman scattering from a hierarchical substrate of micro/nanostructured silver." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 37, no. 7 (2006): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1505.

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44

Wang, Chih-Chia, Chiu-Hung Liu, Hsuan-Hua Hsieh, Chih-Wei Tang, and Chen-Bin Wang. "Zinc Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Rapid Detection of Toluene Gas at Room Temperature." Sensor Letters 18, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4288.

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In this study, a nanostructured zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide (ZnO/rGO) composite was deposited on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as a toluene gas sensor at room temperature. A series of ZnO, rGO and ZnO/rGO sensing materials was fabricated and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. There was significant efficiency of the ZnO/rGO composite on the sensing performance for toluene. For specific gas fluxes, the nanostructured ZnO/rGO offered sufficient paths and region for vapor diffusion and adsorption. The sensing test results illustrated that the nanostructured ZnO/rGO composite showed significant enhancement in the frequency shifts (△f) for toluene comparing to pure ZnO and rGO. Also, the ZnO/rGO-coated QCM sensor displayed a fast response (both the response and recovery times < 30 s) and reproducibility for sensing toluene gas at room temperature. We believe that the novel insights on ambient temperature gas sensing on nanostructured ZnO/rGO composite could provide a new strategy for preparing a highly efficient sensing materials.

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45

Yang, Cheng-Fu, Wei-Chieh Hsu, Song-Mao Wu, and Chean-Cheng Su. "Elucidating How Surface Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Affects Nanostructured MWCNT/Titania Hybrid Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/952797.

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The new class of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/titania nanocomposites was prepared using a sol-gel technique. The addition of titania to MWCNTs has the potential to provide new capability for the development of electrical devices by taking advantage of the favorable electric characteristics of MWCNTs. MWCNTs were first functionalized with carboxyl, acyl chloride, amine, and hydroxyl groups and were then dispersed in a tetraisopropyl titanate (TIPT) solution via ultrasonic processing. After gelation, well-dispersed titania in the MWCNT/titania nanocomposites was obtained. Functionalized MWCNTs with varied functional groups were proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For the nanocomposites, the degree of the sol-gel process were proved by Raman spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Furthermore, the morphology of the MWCNT/titania nanocomposites was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the sol-gel process, the functionalized MWCNTs with carboxyl, acyl chloride, amine, and hydroxyl groups have resulted in the carbon nanotube-graft-titania nanocomposites with a network structure of titania between the carbon nanotubes.

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Ghosh, Kalyan, Suneel Kumar Srivastava, and Sreeraj Puravankara. "Nanostructured ZrO2/MWCNT Hybrid Materials: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications in Shielding of Electromagnetic Pollution." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.15417.

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ZrO2/MWCNT nanocomposites have been prepared by simple refluxing method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman analysis suggests chemical interactions present between zirconia and Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in the as prepared nanocomposites. Electromagnetic inteference shielding efficiencies (EMI SE) for the nanocomposites were found to increase with increasing amount of MWCNT loading. Highest EMI SE value of 29.1–30.5 dB was obtained for nanocomposite containing 15 wt% loading of MWCNT in the microwave frequency range of 2–8 GHz. This optimum performance is due to several factors like highest percentage of intermolecular H-bonding, highly defective, interconnected network structure, high conductivity and dielectric permittivities of the nanocomposites.

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47

Maslova, O. A., F. V. Shirokov, Yu I. Yuzyuk, M. El Marssi, M. Jain, N. Ortega, and R. S. Katiyar. "Raman spectroscopy study of lattice dynamics of macro-, micro-, and nanostructured barium titanates." Physics of the Solid State 56, no. 2 (February 2014): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106378341402019x.

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48

An, Vladimir, Herman Potgieter, Natalia Usoltseva, Damir Valiev, Sergei Stepanov, Alexey Pustovalov, Arsenii Baryshnikov, Maksim Titov, and Alesya Dolinina. "MoS2@ZnO Nanoheterostructures Prepared by Electrospark Erosion for Photocatalytic Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010157.

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MoS2@ZnO nanoheterostructures were synthesized by electrospark erosion of zinc granules in a hydrogen peroxide solution and simultaneous addition of MoS2 nanostructured powder into the reaction zone. The morphology, size of the crystallites, as well as elemental and phase composition of the prepared structures, were examined using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the synthesized products represent heterostructures containing MoS2 nanoparticles formed on ZnO nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence analysis were also used for characterization of the prepared heterostructures. The obtained MoS2@ZnO nanostructures revealed an intense broad emission band ranging from 425 to 625 nm for samples with different fractions of MoS2. Photocatalytic measurements showed that the maximal hydrogen evolution rate of the prepared nanoheterostructures was about 906.6 μmol·g−1·h−1. The potential of their application in photocatalytic water splitting was also estimated.

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Xiao, Fengping, Zhaohui Dong, Haiyan Mao, Jian Liu, Xueliang Sun, and Yang Song. "Morphology- and lattice stability-dependent performance of nanostructured Li4Ti5O12 probed by in situ high-pressure Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction." CrystEngComm 18, no. 5 (2016): 736–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ce02301g.

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In situ high-pressure measurements of two different nanostructured Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ materials revealed important structural origins that influence their electrochemical performance.

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50

PARK, JONGBOK, SUNGHO JEONG, OK HWAN CHA, MUN SEOK JEONG, DO-KYEONG KO, and JONGMIN LEE. "FABRICATION OF CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES BY LASER ASSISTED CHEMICAL REACTION." Nano 01, no. 01 (July 2006): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292006000069.

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In this work, a simple method is reported for the synthesis of bundles of carbon nanostructures under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser (355 nm, 10 Hz) is focused into the mixture of ferrocene and xylene solutions to produce the nanostructures in which ferrocene plays the role of a catalyst while xylene is the carbon source for nanostructure growth. During the period of irradiation, the color of solution turns into dark brown from transparent orange. Upon the completion of irradiation, typically for an hour, a variety of bundles of carbon nanostructures are found in the solution. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to investigate the nanostructures.

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