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Journal articles on the topic 'Rāmāyaṇa (Vālmīki)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Brockington, John. "Verbal and Visual Texts of the Rāma Narrative." Cracow Indological Studies 24, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cis.24.2022.02.01.

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This article examines what we mean by a text: is it verbal (whether written or oral), mental, visual, or a combination? All of these forms are found within the various types of artistic expression centred on the Rāmāyaṇa tradition. I start with the relief sculptures, some of which are centuries early than any extant manuscripts. After a brief comment on the evolution of the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa text, I then survey in turn some prestige illustrated Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa manuscripts, less notable Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa manuscripts, illustrated manuscripts of the Rāmcaritmānas and other vernacular versions, and sets or series of paintings illustrating the Rāma story (including some single paintings), showing the diverse range of forms it has taken over time and something of the adaptations it has undergone.

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2

Feller, Danielle. "Puṣpaka in the Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 74, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2019-0043.

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Abstract The story of the divine flying chariot or palace (vimāna) called Puṣpaka, “little flower”, is well-known from the Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa. Created by Brahmā for the god of riches Kubera, the wonderful vimāna is then taken by force by the demon Rāvaṇa. Subsequently, it becomes the property of Rāma, who has defeated Rāvaṇa in the war and who uses the chariot to fly back within a day from Laṅkā to Ayodhyā. Puṣpaka has three main functions in the text: narrative – it allows the poet to wind up his story and achieve a quick change of scene, once the war description is over; psychological – Puṣpaka is an object of envy, especially for Rāvaṇa and his rākṣasa family; theological – the possession of the divine flying palace is the visible token that its owner has obtained divine status, or that he has become the master of the world. Puṣpaka itself undergoes a striking metamorphosis in book 7 of the Rāmāyaṇa: whereas it was previously described as an inanimate object, the flying palace appears suddenly as an intelligent being endowed with speech, and even as a deity, thereby contributing to Rāma’s own prestige. Puṣpaka’s three successive owners clearly stand for the three puruṣārthas, or aims of human life: Kubera represents prosperity, Rāvaṇa pleasure and Rāma duty. This leads us to the final question: after going from artha, to kāma and then on to dharma, will Puṣpaka ultimately attain mokṣa?

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3

De Carvalho, Matheus Landau. "Sentidos do dharma hindu no Rāmāyaṇa de Vālmīki." REVER: Revista de Estudos da Religião 23, no. 1 (July 27, 2023): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1677-1222.2023vol23i1a16.

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O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar um breve inventário dos principais sentidos que o dharma hindu assume no épico Rāmāyaṇa de Vālmīki. Um levantamento dos sentidos da palavra dharma no texto (saṃhitā) do épico é seguido pela explicação e elucidação não apenas do vocábulo em si, mas dos termos compostos pelo mesmo segundo os contextos em que aparecem, com trechos que ilustrem cada um destes mesmos sentidos. Percebe-se nitidamente uma elasticidade semântica significativa nos usos que o Rāmāyaṇa de Vālmīki faz do dharma hindu, contemplando desde aspirações existenciais védicas até diferentes modalidades de práxis cotidiana da ortodoxia hindu, além de processos de personificação e referências abstratas a princípios cosmológicos.

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4

HAMMER, NIELS. "Why Sārus Cranes epitomize Karuṇarasa in the Rāmāyaṇa." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 19, no. 2 (April 2009): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186308009334.

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AbstractBy correlating literary evidence, avian ethology and neurophysiology I will try to demonstrate why Vālmīki chose a pair of Sārus Cranes, and not any other avian species, to epitomise grief and sorrow in the Rāmāyaṇa. This choice illustrates the importance of personal experience of the living reality (behaviour of Sārus Cranes); but the grief, śoka, as experienced by Vālmīki, became in later critical literature, the rasa of karuṇa, the aesthetic appreciation of grief, as suggested by Ānandavardhana and explained by Abhinavagupta. By emphasising the central importance of affective states (sthāyibhāvas) in life as well as in the arts (rasas) Vālmīki, Abhinavagupta and Ānandavardhana appear to have had a perception of the human condition that is consistent with recent developments in affective neuroscience; and thus it is the pitch and the tonal quality of the cries of grief that convey the depth and universality (sādhāraṇatva) of the emotion.

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5

Sai, E. N. Mounika, Dr E. Nagaraju, and P. Yasmeen. "Rama's Exile : The Enchanted Forest Expedition in Vālmīki 's Rāmāyaṇa." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 5 (May 17, 2024): 7601. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0524.1315.

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6

Figueroa, Óscar. "La visión de Laṅkā en el Rāmāyaṇa de Vālmīki: una poética de la vida secular." Acta Poética 38, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ap.2017.1.769.

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Este artículo estudia la descripción de Laṅkā, la capital del reino demoníaco, en el libro quinto del Rāmāyaṇa. Aun subrayando la importancia del ethos y los valores brahmánicos, esta descripción introduce una especie de consagración poética de la vida secular que sugiere una dinámica social más heterogénea. Se ofrecen, además, ejemplos de versiones posteriores del Rāmāyaṇa donde esa heterogeneidad se contrae a favor de una visión puramente religiosa.

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7

Figueroa, Óscar. "La visión de Laṅkā en el Rāmāyaṇa de Vālmīki: una poética de la vida secular." Acta Poética 38, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ap.2017.1.780.

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Este artículo estudia la descripción de Laṅkā, la capital del reino demoníaco, en el libro quinto del Rāmāyaṇa. Aun subrayando la importancia del ethos y los valores brahmánicos, esta descripción introduce una especie de consagración poética de la vida secular que sugiere una dinámica social más heterogénea. Se ofrecen, además, ejemplos de versiones posteriores del Rāmāyaṇa donde esa heterogeneidad se con- trae a favor de una visión puramente religiosa.

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8

Figueroa, Óscar. "La visión de Laṅkā en el Rāmāyaṇa de Vālmīki: una poética de la vida secular." Acta Poética 38, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ap.2017.1.792.

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Este artículo estudia la descripción de Laṅkā, la capital del reino demoníaco, en el libro quinto del Rāmāyaṇa. Aun subrayando la importancia del ethos y los valores brahmánicos, esta descripción introduce una especie de consagración poética de la vida secular que sugiere una dinámica social más heterogénea. Se ofrecen, además, ejemplos de versiones posteriores del Rāmāyaṇa donde esa heterogeneidad se contrae a favor de una visión puramente religiosa.

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9

Willis G. Regier. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki, volume 6: Yuddhakāṇḍa (review)." MLN 124, no. 5 (2009): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mln.0.0203.

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10

Bhattacharya, Ramkrishna. "Reflections on the Jābāli Episode in the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa (Ayodhyākāṇḍa)." Journal of Indian Philosophy 44, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 597–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-015-9278-3.

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11

Lariviere, Richard W., and Robert P. Goldman. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Volume I: Bālakāṇḍa." Journal of the American Oriental Society 107, no. 2 (April 1987): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/602865.

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12

Lariviere, Richard W., Rosalind Lefeber, and Robert P. Goldman. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Vol. IV: Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa." Journal of the American Oriental Society 116, no. 1 (January 1996): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/606411.

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13

Lariviere, Richard W., Sheldon I. Pollock, Robert P. Goldman, Vālmīki, George L. Hart, Hank Heifetz, Kampaṉ, Valmiki, and Kampan. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Vol. III: Āraṇyakāṇḍa." Journal of the American Oriental Society 113, no. 2 (April 1993): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603071.

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14

Lariviere, Richard W., Sheldon Pollock, Vālmīki, and Valmiki. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Volume II: Ayodhyākāṇḍa." Journal of the American Oriental Society 109, no. 1 (January 1989): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/604371.

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15

Anderson, Leona, Catherine Ludvik, and John A. Grimes. "Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa." Journal of the American Oriental Society 117, no. 3 (July 1997): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605259.

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Lariviere, Richard W., Robert P. Goldman, and Sally J. Sutherland Goldman. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Vol. 5: Sundarakāṇḍa." Journal of the American Oriental Society 118, no. 3 (July 1998): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/606082.

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17

Bronner, Yigal. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Volume VI: Yuddhakāṇḍa." European Legacy 18, no. 4 (July 2013): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2013.791429.

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18

Bhattacharya, Ramkrishna. "Erratum to: Reflections on the Jābāli Episode in the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa (Ayodhyākāṇḍa)." Journal of Indian Philosophy 44, no. 3 (September 12, 2015): 617–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-015-9281-8.

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19

Goldman, Robert P. "Augmenting the Past: Historical and Political Consciousness in Vālmīki’s Uttarakāṇḍa." Studies in History 34, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 182–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643018772406.

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The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki, although widely renowned as a kāvya, and, indeed, as the very origin and inspiration of the entire genre of poetry, is also understood to be an itihāsa, a history. It shares, in fact, both non-mutually exclusive genre designations with its sister epic, the Mahābhārata. Nonetheless, the central books of the work, particularly kāṇḍas two through six, in large measure read as much like a romance as they do an account of human military and political history. In this article, I argue that the lack of such history in these books was a concern of the authors of the epic’s seventh and final kāṇḍa, the Uttarakāṇḍa, and that one of the several functions of this important but generally understudied, frequently criticized and often excised book is to remedy this perceived lack. In support of this argument, I compare the treatment of history in the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata and examine a series of largely ignored Uttarakāṇḍa passages in which the authors appear to revise and extend the military and political history of the earlier kāṇḍas in ways suggestive of their reading of the Mahābhārata.

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20

Regier, Willis Goth. "The Valmiki Ramayana trans. Bibek Debroy, and: The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki trans. Robert P. Goldman and Sally J. Sutherland Goldman." MLN 133, no. 5 (2018): 1443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mln.2018.0095.

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21

Kaligotla, Subhashini. "Words and Pictures: Rāmāyaṇa Traditions and the Art of Ekphrasis." Religions 11, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11070364.

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This article examines two ambitious enactments of the Rama story or Rāmāyaṇa, side by side: the 17th-century painted Mewar Rāmāyaṇa and Vālmīki’s epic poem (ca. 750–500 BCE). Through a formal analysis of two crucial episodes of the tale, it highlights the creative tactics of each medium and stresses their separate aesthetic interests and autonomy. While A. K. Ramanujan’s notion of the “telling” has been immensely influential in South Asian studies to theorize the Rāmāyaṇa’s multiplicity, that concept tends to privilege speech-based embodiments. I propose, by contrast, that ekphrasis may be a more broadly applicable lens. Understanding ekphrasis as an enactment of the Rama story in any medium or in interart media, I advocate for considering poetry and painting on an equal plane as opposed to the standard view of the Mewar paintings as visual translations of linguistic phenomena. Ekphrasis, as a gateway to the maker’s creative process and preoccupations, is central to the paper’s argument, as is the role receivers play in the act of Rāmāyaṇa making.

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22

Gitomer, David L. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Vol. 2: Ayodhyākāṇḍa. Introduction and translation by Sheldon I. Pollock. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. xviii, 558 pp. $60.00." Journal of Asian Studies 48, no. 1 (February 1989): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2057738.

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Smith, John D. "Robert P. Goldman and Sally J. Sutherland Goldman (tr.): [The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: an epic of ancient India. ] Vol. V: Sundarakāṇḍa. xviii, 583 pp. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997. £65." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 61, no. 3 (October 1998): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00019625.

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Smith, John D. "Rosalind Lefeber (ed. and tr.): [The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: an epic of ancient India. Gen. ed. Robert P. Goldman.] Vol. IV: Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa. xvi, 397 pp., front. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. £55." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 59, no. 3 (October 1996): 576–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00030901.

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Davis, Richard H. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Volume III: Araṇyakāṇḍa. Introduction, translation, and annotation by Sheldon I. Pollock. Edited by Robert P. Goldman. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. viii, 394 pp. $65.00." Journal of Asian Studies 53, no. 1 (February 1994): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2059617.

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26

Smith, Frederick M. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Volume VII: Uttarakāṇḍa. Introduction, translation, and annotation by Robert P.Goldman and Sally J.Sutherland Goldman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017. Pp. xxii + 1522. Hardcover, $175.00;." Religious Studies Review 44, no. 1 (March 2018): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rsr.13363.

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Smith, John D. "Sheldon I. Pollock (ed. and tr.): [The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: an epic of ancient India. Gen. ed. Robert P. Goldman.] Vol. II: Ayodhyākānda. xviii, 560 pp., front. Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press, [1987.] $60." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 52, no. 1 (February 1989): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00023491.

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28

Pokharel, Mohan Kumar. "Ecological Awareness in Vālmikī's Rāmāyana." JODEM: Journal of Language and Literature 10, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jodem.v10i1.30402.

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The use of ecological awareness in the Vālmikī Rāmāyana is an exemplary case to deal with the postmodern environmental crisis. This research paper focuses on the connection between flora and fauna in this classical text. This study primarily interprets the discourses of the text which relates to the ecological awareness. At the same time, it also deals with the logic behind constructing the discourse of the poet through the activities of the characters and their thoughts related to ecology. To analyze the ecological awareness of the text, ecological study has been used as an overall theoretical approach. This study is significant in order to present how Vālmikī Rāmāyana manifests the ecological awareness to the postmodern people. The research approach adopted in this exploration is interpretive. The findings of this investigation provide the evidences that the epic has used ecological awareness in such a way that the epic impresses humans to make a balance between nature and creatures. The main conclusion drawn from this research is that Vālmikī is a far-sighted classical poet to make human beings aware of ecological crisis and its effects everywhere in the world.

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29

Brodbeck, Simon. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: an epic of ancient India. Volume VI: Yuddhakāṇḍa. Translated by Robert P. Goldman, Sally J. Sutherland Goldman, and Barend A. van Nooten. pp. xviii, 1655. Princeton, New Jersey and Oxford, Princeton University Press, 2009." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 20, no. 4 (October 2010): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186310000374.

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30

Gerow, Edwin. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Vol. 1: Bālakānda. Introduction and Translation by Robert P. Goldman. Annotation by Robert P. Goldman and Sally J. Sutherland. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985. xx, 429 pp. Glossary, Bibliography, Index. $50." Journal of Asian Studies 45, no. 2 (February 1986): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2055884.

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Khoroche, Peter. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: an epic of ancient India. Vol. II: Ayodhyākāṇḍa. Introdution, translation and anotation by Sheldon I. Pollock. Edited by Robert P. Goldman. (Princeton Library of Asian Translation.) pp. xvii, 560, front. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1986. £40.00." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 120, no. 1 (January 1988): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00164585.

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González-Reimann, Luis. "The Divinity of Rāma in the Rāmāyaṇaof Vālmīki." Journal of Indian Philosophy 34, no. 3 (June 2006): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-005-5018-4.

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Khoroche, Peter. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Vol. IV. Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa. Introduction, translation and annotation by Rosalind Lefeber, edited by Robert P. Goldman. (Princeton Library of Asian Translations.) pp. xvi, 397, front. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1994. US $65.00, £55.00." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 5, no. 3 (November 1995): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300006921.

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Khoroche, Peter. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: an epic of ancient India. Vol. 1: Bāṇḍa. Introduction and translation by Robert P. Goldman. Annotation by Robert P. Goldman and Sally J. Sutherland. (Princeton Library of Asian Translations.) pp. xx, 429, front. Princeton N.J., Princeton University Press, 1984 [1985]. £53.80." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 118, no. 1 (January 1986): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00139395.

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Woojo Kim. "Images of Rāvaṇa in Vālmīki’s Rāmāyaṇa and Svayambhū’s Paumcariu." Journal of South Asian Studies 15, no. 3 (February 2010): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21587/jsas.2010.15.3.004.

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Eungu Lee. "A Comparative Study of the Vālmīki's 『Rāmāyaṇa』 and the Thai 『Ramakien』." 동남아연구 23, no. 3 (January 2014): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21485/hufsea.2014.23.3.006.

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Veluthat, Kesavan. "The rise and fall of the kāvya project." Studies in People's History 6, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448919834788.

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The Rāmāyana of Vālmīki is said to be the ‘first kāvya’ (poem) in Sanskrit, but the age of its compilation is uncertain. The Junagarh inscription of the Śaka ruler Rudradāman, ad 150, is the first datable Sanskrit poem belonging to the category of praśastis. Praśastis became increasingly common subsequently as a tool of flattery and means of monarchical legitimisation. In time it became normal for every sovereign to have a praśasti composed for himself, so that inscriptions carrying praśastis tended to become more and more numerous. The Harṣacarita of Bāṇa shows how long texts could carry this form of literature, which, in turn, would influence the style and similes of subsequently inscribed praśastis. The Palam Baoli inscription (1,276) shows how a praśasti could now be compiled without the court of the ruler (in this case Sultan Balban) being aware of it. Obviously, praśastis lost their political utility. Although subsequently too praśastis were composed, their legitimising role seems to have been over now. This boded ill for the kāvya form as well.

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Sally J. Sutherland Goldman. "Women at the Margins: Gender and Religious Anxieties in Vālmīki's Rāmāyaṇa." Journal of the American Oriental Society 138, no. 1 (2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7817/jameroriesoci.138.1.0045.

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Keshavmurthy, Prashant. "Translating Rāma as a Proto-Muḥammadan Prophet: Masīḥ’s Mas̱navī-i Rām va Sītā." Numen 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341486.

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AbstractHow have religious communities imagined the scriptures of other communities? In answering this question, this article aims to nuance our understanding of pre-colonial and self-consciously Islamic translations into Persian of Indic language texts understood to be Hindu by considering Masīḥ’s early 17th-century Mas̱navī-i Rām va Sītā, a Persian translation of Vālmīki’s Sanskrit epic, the Rāmāyaṇa (circa 2nd century bce). It opens by remarking on a shift in the study of the relations between poetics and politics in Persian translations of Indic texts. Then, attempting to refine our understanding of this relation, it takes issue with prior studies of this poem before answering the following questions these studies fail to pose: how does the prophetological metaphysics of the prefatory chapters relate to the poetics of emotion in the main body of the tale? And what does this relation let us infer of Masīḥ’s theological conception of translation?

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Goldman, Sally J. Sutherland. "Against their Will: Sexual Assault and the Uttarakāṇḍa." Studies in History 34, no. 2 (May 13, 2018): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643018772405.

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A close reading of the Uttarakāṇḍa of Vālmīki’s Rāmāyaṇa demonstrates that its author has composed a carefully and logically structured work, one that is haunted by themes of sexual transgression. Not only is the first half of the kāṇḍa occupied with the history and genealogy of Rāvaṇa, who is no less than the sexual predator par excellence, but its latter half tells of Rāma’s seemingly heart-wrenching decision to banish Sītā based on rumours of her own supposed infidelity. Similar themes are reflected in a number of the kāṇḍa’s sub-stories—both those that are understood to be part of the main narrative and those that belong to the so-called ‘purāṇic’ narratives—and highlight sexual aggression against women. This article examines a specific and unusual subset of such narratives that permeate the kāṇḍa, those that deal with explicit rape, with an eye towards further understanding why, uniquely in this kāṇḍa, such stories appear, and what lies behind their popularity and longevity.

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Hueckstedt, Robert. "The Rāmāyana of Vālmīki Vol. 4: Kiskindhākānda Rosalind Lefeber, translator Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. xvi + 397 p." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 25, no. 4 (December 1996): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842989602500421.

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Fonseca, Carlos Alberto Da. "Articulações entre imagem e narrativa na Índia Antiga (A propósito da peça Uttararāmacaritam, de Bhavabhūti)." Classica - Revista Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos 13, no. 13/14 (December 1, 2001): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.24277/classica.v13i13/14.489.

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Neste artigo pretende-se fazer uma exposição do diálogo entre os registros imagético e narrativo no âmbito da cultura indiana mediante breve estudo da peca Uttararāmacaritam "O último feito de Rāma", de Bhavabhūti (séc. VIII d.C.). Particularmente intrigante em termos de sua carpintaria - quase evocando uma construção en abîme -, a peca coloca em cena os episódios finais do poema epico Rāmāyana, quais sejam as circunstâncias ligadas ao banimento de Sītā, grávida, esposa de Rāma, e ao encontro com seus dois filhos, ainda desconhecidos dele. O que toma interessante a dramatização dessa situação e que seu autor recorreu a registros variados de representação que se conjugam com o estatuto narrativo/teatral que estrutura a peça, na qual tudo se faz obliquamente, transversalmente: os fatos anteriores mais importantes são evocados através de painéis pintados que são visitados e "narrados" pelas personagens; além disso, o reconhecimento entre pai e filhos e o acerto final entre Rāma, Sītā e Laksmana se da durante uma representação teatral escrita e dirigida por Vālmikī, que nada mais e do que o suposto autor do poema épico - numa sugestão bastante evidente da "teatralização" de uma certa Verdade sobre o discutido caráter de Rāma.

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Smith, Frederick M. "The Rāmāyana Of Vālmīki: An Epic Of Ancient India. Volume Vi: Yuddhakanda - By Robert P. Goldman, Sally J. Sutherland Goldman, and Barend A. van Nooten." Religious Studies Review 36, no. 1 (March 2010): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2010.01412_1.x.

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Smith, John D. "Robert P. Goldman (ed.): The Rāmāyana of VālmĪki: an en epic of ancient India. Vol. I: Bālakāṇḍa. xx, 429., front. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984.£53.80." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 49, no. 3 (October 1986): 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00045432.

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Khoroche, Peter. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmiīki: an epic of ancient india. Vol. III: ARAṆYAKĀṆḌA. Introduction, translation and annotation by Sheldon I. Pollock, edited by Robert P. Goldman (Princeton Library of Asian Translations.) pp. xviii, 394, front. N. J., PricetonPrinceton University Press, 1991. US $65.00, £47.30." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 2, no. 3 (November 1992): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300003370.

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Brockington, John. "Paṇḍit Seu to Mānaku: a pictorial Rāmāyaṇa with text." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, October 11, 2021, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186321000791.

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Abstract This article examines the linked sets of paintings commonly known as the “small Guler” Rāmāyaṇa by Paṇḍit Seu, the “Mankot” Rāmāyaṇa and the “Siege of Laṅkā” by Mānaku in the light of the text from the Vālmīki Rāmayaṇa on the versos of the paintings. This allows significant conclusions about the intentions behind their production and the original extent of each set.

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Figueroa, Óscar. "La visión de Laṅkā en el Rāmāyaṇa de Vālmīki: una poética de la vida secular." Acta Poética 38, no. 1 (January 9, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ap.2017.1.791.

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Este artículo estudia la descripción de Laṅkā, la capital del reino demoníaco, en el libro quinto del Rāmāyaṇa. Aun subrayando la importancia del ethos y los valores brahmánicos, esta descripción introduce una especie de consagración poética de la vida secular que sugiere una dinámica social más heterogénea. Se ofrecen, además, ejemplos de versiones posteriores del Rāmāyaṇa donde esa heterogeneidad se con- trae a favor de una visión puramente religiosa.

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Carvalho, Matheus Landau de. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: an Epic of Ancient India." HORIZONTE - Revista de Estudos de Teologia e Ciências da Religião, December 31, 2021, 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2175-5841.2021v19n60p1295.

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Verma, P. K., and P. S. Dwivedi. "Eco-Consciousness in Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa: An Aesthetical Study of Ecological Integrity and Biodiversity." World of the Orient 2022, no. 4 (December 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/orientw2022.04.221.

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Pollock, Sheldon. "Ideología y narrativa en el <em>Rāmāyaṉa de Vālmīki</em>." Estudios de Asia y África, July 1, 1987, 336–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/eaa.v22i3.1021.

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