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Journal articles on the topic 'Ramming'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Johnson, Ralph E., and Leon Z. Katcharian. "Several Recent Rammings Investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board." Marine Technology and SNAME News 28, no. 06 (1991): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1991.28.6.303.

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This paper discusses several recent rammings investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board:the ramming of the U.S. fishing vessel Chickadee by the guided-missile frigate USS Richard L. Page (FFG-5) in the Atlantic Ocean near Virginia Beach, Virginia on April 21,1987;the ramming of the Sidney Lanier Bridge by the Polish bulk carrier Ziemia Bialostocka at Brunswick, Georgia on May 3, 1987;the ramming of the Spanish bulk carrier Urduliz by the aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69) at Hampton Roads, Virginia on August 29, 1988; andthe ramming of the French tankship Camargue

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2

Guo, C. Y., G. L. Yang, J. L. Ge, and Q. Z. Sun. "Effect of ramming initial state on band engraving in smooth-bore guns." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 2 (2023): 022009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/2/022009.

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Abstract Most modern tank guns are high bore pressure smooth-bore guns that often use High Explosive Antiarmor (HEAA) projectile in combat. This paper focuses on the coupled smoothbore gun- HEAA projectile system, and analyses the projectile ramming-band engraving process when a tank fires HEAA projectile. First, a finite element mesh model of the coupling dynamics of a large-calibre tank gun smoothbore barrel and HEAA projectile was established, and the band was discretized by using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method based on the Lagrange mesh. Then, the propellant gas pressure

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3

Korshunov, V. A., I. V. Kudinovich, A. A. Rodionov, A. Z. Suteeva, and G. M. Shuvalov. "Safety analysis of the floating power unit under collision." Arctic: Ecology and Economy 13, no. 2 (2023): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2023-2-211-222.

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The article considers a possible navigational accident associated with the ramming of a modernized floating power unit (MFPU) by another ship. The authors suggest an approach to determine the consequences of a collision using the finite element method. The finite element model has been developed for modeling the destruction of ship hull structures, to determine the energy intensity of ship hull structures during ramming, and to calculate the critical velocity of ramming ships. The study results provide the following conclusions: 1) the use of the finite element method in the analysis of collis

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4

Wu, Bingquan, Wankui Ni, and Haiman Wang. "Stability Analysis of Loess High Slope under Dynamic Compaction Based on Matrix Discrete Element Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (December 19, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9089652.

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In order to investigate the safety and stability of loess high slope under dynamic ramming, the MatDem software was used to simulate the process of heavy rammer compacting the spot which was 11 m away from the toe of loess high slope. The rammer was applied with different energies of 10000 kN·m, 8000 kN·m, and 6000 kN·m. In this way, the safety and stability of slope under the action of different dynamic tamping energies can be determined. The results show that the loess high slope presented circular landslide damage by dynamic compaction. Under the same ramming times, with the decrease of ram

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5

Tang, Hu, Zhenggang Jia, Bing Li, Huazhong Chen, and Wenjie Yuan. "Enhanced Properties of Tailored Alumina–Magnesia-Based Dry Ramming Mixes by Calcium Magnesium Aluminate (CMA)." Materials 16, no. 4 (2023): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041707.

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To achieve the goal of “dual-carbon”, induction furnaces with high efficiency and energy-saving advantages are paid more attention in the foundry and metallurgy industries. The service life and safety of induction furnaces strongly depended on the lining because expansion and forward sintering could result in the erosion and slag resistance of the lining. Focusing on the tailoring properties of alumina–magnesia-based dry ramming mixes, calcined magnesia particles were replaced with the novel multi-component materials of calcium magnesium aluminate (CaO-MgO-Al2O3, CMA) with a size of 200 mesh.

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6

Luo, Guiyuan, Guangsong Chen, and Ang Li. "Analysis of interval uncertainty response for the ramming coordination mechanism of artillery automatic loading system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891, no. 10 (2024): 102016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/10/102016.

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Abstract The ramming coordination mechanism is a critical component of the artillery automatic loading system. Its primary function is to receive projectiles from the manipulator and align them parallel to the bore axis, facilitating subsequent chambering of the projectiles. The reliability of the ramming coordination mechanism directly influences the subsequent precision of chambering. Therefore, analysing the boundary response of this mechanism is crucial for subsequent reliability assessments. In response to the issue of interval uncertainty response for the ramming coordination mechanism,

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7

Guo, Chunyu, Chengsen Zhang, Chunhui Wang, and Chao Wang. "Experimental Study on IRV Ramming Artificial Model Ice." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 10 (2023): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11102022.

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When the icebreaker sails in the polar region, it adopts continuous and ramming icebreaking operations. When the ice condition exceeds the design working condition, it uses the ramming icebreaking method to advance. The nonlinear icebreaking process and complex ice conditions make it difficult to accurately predict the ice-strengthened ships’ ramming performance. This paper develops a scale-ratio brittle model of ice to simulate thick, level ice and predicts the ice penetration distance and bow load of an icebreaking research vessel (IRV) model at different speeds. The test results show that t

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8

Doronin, Sergey, Roman Zelenov, Elena Reizmunt, and Anatoly Chernyaev. "Shock Impulse Model when Compacting a Coal Load for Coke Production." System Analysis & Mathematical Modeling 5, no. 4 (2023): 392–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2713-1734.2023.5(4).392-408.

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Currently, the reserves of coking coals necessary for the production of high-quality coke are significantly reduced. One of the promising technologies for the preparation of raw materials for the production of coke is the ramming of coal charge: by increasing its density, the requirements for the quality of the initial coals are reduced and it becomes possible to widely use, along with coking, and coal of the worst quality. Determination of the characteristics of the ramming technology and equipment is carried out mainly empirically, which does not guarantee the receipt of scientifically based

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9

Johnson, W. "Ship-ramming after 1859." International Journal of Impact Engineering 13, no. 2 (1993): 385–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-743x(93)90103-e.

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10

Primachenko, V. V., L. A. Babkina, I. V. Khonchik, L. N. Nikulina, А. S. Tinigin, and T. G. Tishina. "Investigation of the amount influence of corundum-zirconium-silicate material on the properties of ramming mullite-corundum mass and samples from it." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 118 (July 11, 2018): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.118.06.

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Investigations of the amount influence of corundum-zirconium-silicate material on the properties of ramming mullite-corundum mass of MMK-90 grade and samples from it are carried out. The optimum amount of the above material (40 % by weight) is established, the use of which in the composition of ramming mullite-corundum mass provides an increase in thermal shock resistance of the samples made of it (~ 2.0 times more) with sufficiently high strength properties and slag resistance, albeit lower, especially significant in strength, than samples without corundum-zirconium-silicate material.&#

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11

Yan, Peng Cheng, Chi Yu Hao, Hua Gang Sun, and Chao Liu. "Modal Analysis Calculation and Simulation of Ramming Chain." Advanced Materials Research 1055 (November 2014): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1055.234.

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In order to solve a problem that the running of ramming chain is unstable and master each order natural frequency and deformation characteristics of the chain, the method of theoretical calculation and finite element analysis with software ANSYS is used on the natural frequency of the calculation and analysis. By comparing the data obtained from two methods to verify the correctness of the finite element model, the model is used to analyze natural frequencies and corresponding vibration mode of the ramming chain. The results show that under the low order natural frequency, the main deformation

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12

Om, Namgay, Kuenzang Gyeltshen, and Ugyen Lama. "Determination of Soil Type and Optimal Moisture Content for Soil Used for Rammed Earth Construction in Bhutan." Zorig Melong | A Technical Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2015): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.17102/zmv2.i1.002.

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Earth is used for the construction of Rammed Earth Buildings all over Bhutan. This type of construction involves preparing a suitable soil mixture and ramming the soil within wooden shutters. Before proceeding with ramming, it is essential to select the most suitable soil and also determine the optimal moisture content for the soil mixture. The soil type is generally classified based on the context. It is difficult to define generally the standards of a soil for ramming as it varies from place to place. Bhutanese constructors have been relying on qualitative methods for determining the type of

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13

Balla, Jiri, Stanislav Prochazka, Robert Jankovych, Stanislav Beer, Zbynek Krist, and Michal Kovarik. "Technical Diagnostics of Tank Cannon Smooth Barrel Bore and Ramming Device." Defence Science Journal 65, no. 5 (2015): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.8660.

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<p>The technical diagnostics of 125 mm tank cannon 2A46 smooth barrel and ramming devices are discussed respectively. Focuses on barrel diagnostics and suggests new procedures based on reconstructed BG20 Gun Barrel Bore Gauge System, measuring internal diameter of the barrel bore. The new system measures throughout the whole barrel bore the inner diameter not only at the beginning of barrel bore as it was usually measured before. Different nature of barrel wear was revealed between barrels firing sub-calibre and high explosive projectiles. A method for ramming device diagnostics is prese

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14

Yao, Kai, Zhan Yong Yao, Xiu Guang Song, and Qing Sen Shang. "Test Study of Pore Water Pressure during Dynamic Compaction at the Subgrade of Highway in the Yellow River Flood Area." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.436.

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The Yellow River flood area mainly consisted of silt and silty clay. Water level observing holes and pore water pressure gauges were embedded in the test section. The observation results showed that: The pore water pressure of 3m and 5m grew slowly at the beginning. With the increase of ramming strike and the total ramming strike energy, the fourth hit pore water pressure mutated and then grew slowly. The pore water pressure of 7m and 9m grew slowly all the time. Because of the well point dewatering, the excess pore water pressure dissipated very soon. 70~75% of the excess pore water pressure

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15

Eminov, A. A., Sh S. Namazov, and Z. R. Kadyrova. "Development of optimal dinas ramming masses for lining of thermal units." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES) 1, no. 6 (2022): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2022-6-7-10.

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The article presents the results of research on the development of optimal chemical, charge and fractional compositions of dinas ramming masses for lining of thermal units. It has been established that the best results, in terms of material composition and thermo mechanical properties, are dominated by prototypes based on quartzite, with a content of quartz sand and kaolin not higher than 20 wt. %. The possibilities of partial replacement of quartzite with quartz sand in the development of new compositions of dinas ramming masses are shown. Ill. 1. Ref. 15. Tab. 5.

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16

Panagiotopoulou, Olga, Panagiotis Spyridis, Hyab Mehari Abraha, David R. Carrier, and Todd C. Pataky. "Architecture of the sperm whale forehead facilitates ramming combat." PeerJ 4 (April 5, 2016): e1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1895.

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Herman Melville’s novelMoby Dickwas inspired by historical instances in which large sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus L.) sank 19th century whaling ships by ramming them with their foreheads. The immense forehead of sperm whales is possibly the largest, and one of the strangest, anatomical structures in the animal kingdom. It contains two large oil-filled compartments, known as the “spermaceti organ” and “junk,” that constitute up to one-quarter of body mass and extend one-third of the total length of the whale. Recognized as playing an important role in echolocation, previous studies have

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17

Родионов, А. А., Е. А. Карпенко, and Д. А. Пономарев. "Evaluation of the effect of water resistance in simulation of the dynamic process of ship collision." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 4(58) (December 2, 2022): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2022.58.4.004.

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В данной статье анализируется процесс динамического столкновения судов. Приведены результаты расчетов модельных задач на основе метода конечных элементов (МКЭ) и метода конечных разностей (МКР), где анализируется процесс абсолютно неупругого торцевого удара таранящего судна в середину изначально неподвижного таранимого судна. Приближенные модели судов построены на основе одномерной теории балок и стержней. Продемонстрировано изменение прогиба балочной модели таранимого судна с учетом сопротивления забортной воды. Влияние сопротивления забортной воды учитывается как присоединенная масса модели

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18

Jian, Chen. "Ramming Solid Foundations for Project Hope." Chinese Education & Society 30, no. 2 (1997): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ced1061-1932300291.

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19

Gabay, Aimee. "Why have orcas started ramming boats?" New Scientist 251, no. 3352 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(21)01637-7.

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20

Carter, Michelle, Dan Graber, Nick VanWyhe, and Ryan Johnson. "Trenchless Technology Success Story: Pipe Ramming." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2013, no. 12 (2013): 4593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864713813685953.

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21

Meskele, Tadesse, and Armin W. Stuedlein. "Drivability Analyses for Pipe-Ramming Installations." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 141, no. 3 (2015): 04014107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0001232.

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22

Pirogov, Yu A., L. A. Babkina, L. N. Soloshenko, et al. "An electromelted corundum-base ramming compound." Refractories 29, no. 9-10 (1988): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01287793.

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23

Babkina, L. A., M. I. Prokopenko, and V. L. Zinchenko. "Ramming mixture for lining iron ladles." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 39, no. 3-4 (1998): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02768042.

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Babkina, L. A., L. N. Soloshenko, M. I. Prokopenko, et al. "A ramming mixture for cupola linings." Refractories 37, no. 1-2 (1996): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02230468.

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25

Zhou, Yang Min, Lin Tian, Gang Xie, Rong Xing Li, and Xiao Hua Yu. "A New Ecofriendly Cold Ramming Paste for the Aluminum Electrolysis Cell." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1208.

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Cold ramming paste was successfully synthesized used electro-calcined anthracite (ECA) and artificial graphite as aggregate and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as binder. Synthesized paste was measured by electrical resistivity, compressive strength, Infrared Spectrum (IR) and Thermo Gravimetry (TG), etc. The results show that the synthesized paste has some excellent physical properties such as low electrical resistivity and high compressive strength, all of which can meet industry requirements. Thermal decomposition and condensation of the paste can be divided into four stages by TG. Finally,

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Yu, Xiao Hua, Ning Fang, Yong Gang Li, Gang Xie, and Lin Tian. "Effect of Additive Silicon Powder on Physical Property of Cold Ramming Paste for Aluminum Electrolysis." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.421.

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The cold ramming paste for aluminum electrolysis has been studied using electrically calcined anthracite as aggregate, medium temperature pitch and anthracene oil as binder, metallic silicon powder as additive in the paper. The effects of addition of silicon on volume density, compressive strength, electrical resistivity, shrinkage value have been studied. The results show that: volume density, compressive strength of cold ramming paste are increased firstly and then decreased with the addition of silicon increasing, and electrical resistivity, shrinkage value are decreased firstly and then in

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27

Phillips, MD, James P., Jeffrey S. Young, MD, and William J. Brady, MD. "Preparation and response to a targeted automobile ramming mass casualty (TARMAC) attack: An analysis of the 2017 Charlottesville, Virginia TARMAC attack." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 14, no. 3 (2019): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2019.0333.

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Targeted automobile ramming mass casualty (TARMAC) attacks have recently become a common modality for those wishing to inflict mass harm. Intentional vehicular ramming is a unique wounding mechanism and deserves special consideration. An emergency response case analysis of the 2017 TARMAC attack in Charlottesville was conducted to review preparedness and identify shortcomings at the University of Virginia Health System University Hospital. Intentional mass blunt trauma is unique to TARMAC events, and current all-hazards approach preparedness may not suffice. TARMAC attacks warrant further atte

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28

Primachenko, V. V., I. G. Shulik, I. V. Khonchik, and T. G. Tishina. "Influence of an addition amount of a new type of alumina on the properties of ramming mullite-corundum mixes and samples from them." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 120 (December 30, 2020): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.120.06.

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Effect investigation of an addition amount of spherical alumina on the properties of ramming mullite-corundum mixes of the MMK-90 (on a binder of an aqueous solution of orthophosphoric acid) and MMKPBF (with a MgO addition on a borophosphate binder) brands, as well as samples from them, have been carried out. As a result of the carried out studies, it was found that the use of an optimal amount (4 %) of spherical alumina in the composition of ramming mullite-corundum mixes provides an increase in by 30 % in the cold crushing strength of samples made from them, fired at a temperature of 1

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Zhu, Guangzhou, Yixuan Li, and Siyi Zhang. "Digital Restoration of Tang Dynasty Ladies’ Costumes in the “Ramming & Washing Silk Painting” Based on AI and 3D Technology." Electronics 14, no. 6 (2025): 1139. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061139.

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Digital restoration has become an effective way to restore traditional costumes, but there are still problems such as low modeling efficiency and difficult pattern recognition. This study focuses on Tang Dynasty ladies in the “ramming & washing silk painting”, integrating AI + 3D technology with costume culture for comprehensive restoration. The methodology includes era-specific analysis for identity and body shape determination, image-based sizing, fabric identification, color matching, and pattern restoration using AI and edge-detection algorithms. Comparative analysis with original imag

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Martynenko, V. V., P. O. Kushchenko, V. V. Primachenko та ін. "Effect of a calcined alumina additive amount on the properties of zirconia ramming mix on а phosphate bond". Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 120 (30 грудня 2020): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.120.05.

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An effect of alumina additive amount on the main properties of ramming mix samples based on zirconia stabilized with calcium oxide on a phosphate bond was studied, as well as the processes of phase formation in these samples. It was found that, the alumina additive introduction activates the ZrO2 cubic phase destabilization, but does not cause softening of the samples structure. This is due to the fact that, as a result of the interaction of alumina with CaO released from the solid solution with ZrO2, elongated prismatic crystals of calcium hexaaluminate are formed, which reinforce and strengt

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Martynenko, V. V., P. O. Kushchenko, V. V. Primachenko, I. G. Shulyk, O. B. Protsak, and V. V. Varganov. "Phase formation processes and main properties of zirconia-alumina ramming mix on a phosphate bond, depending on the temperature of its thermal treatment." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 121 (December 30, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.121.06.

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The phase formation processes and the main properties of samples from zirconia-alumina ramming mix on a phosphate bond, thermal-treated in the temperature range 200—2100 °C, have been studied. It was found that, the most complete interaction of P2O5 with cubic ZrO2 occurs in the temperature range 1200—1400 °C. This manifests itself in a significant destabilization of the cubic ZrO2 phase (the amount of which varies from 70 to 35 %) and is accompanied by a drop in the samples strength (cold crushing strength varies from 62—72 to 35—44 N/mm2), which remains sufficient to maintain the structural

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Itzhack, E., D. Cvikel, and Y. Me–Bar. "Damaging a trireme by ramming: The kinetics." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 57 (September 2024): 104678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104678.

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Meskele, Tadesse, and Armin W. Stuedlein. "Attenuation of Pipe Ramming-Induced Ground Vibrations." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 7, no. 1 (2016): 04015021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ps.1949-1204.0000227.

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Babkina, L. A., Yu A. Pirogov, M. I. Prokopenko, I. A. Kutuzyan, and V. P. Zarechenskii. "Ramming compounds of Tarasovskii Deposit raw material." Refractories 34, no. 11-12 (1993): 612–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01292749.

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Babkina, L. A., Yu A. Pirogov, P. Ya Pustovar, et al. "Selection of antifreeze moistener for ramming mixtures." Refractories 35, no. 1-2 (1994): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02226848.

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36

Martynenko, Valeriy V., Irina G. Shulyk, Volodymir V. Prymachenko, and Pavlo O. Kushchenko. "High temperature innovative zirconia-alumina ramming mass." Open Ceramics 16 (December 2023): 100439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2023.100439.

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37

von Münchow, Sebastian, and Lena Hantschke. "Parliamentary Attempts to Investigate Berlin’s Vehicular Ramming Attack." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 16, no. 2 (2017): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.16.2.02.

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KHLYSTOV, A. I., D. I. ISAEV, and D. A. PODGORNAYA. "HEAT-RESISTANT COMPOSITIONS BASED ON WASTE OF ENTERPRISES OF CERAMIC INDUSTRY." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 4 (2018): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.04.10.

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The article presents various methods of synthesizing heat-resistant binders based on large-tonnage wastes of the ceramic industry. The use of expanded clay dust in the compositions of heat-resistant concrete on portlandcement allowed to increase their residual strength in the zone of critical temperatures (800-1000 ° C). It was revealed and justifi ed that the use of phosphate binders for synthesizing a binder made it possible to increase the refractoriness of the heat-resistant composition based on expanded clay dust to 1300-1350 с. As the experiments show, claydite dust in its composition co

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Singh, Dharmendra, Samit Kumar Carr, Bidisa Sarkar, Syed Irfan Ali, and Kamalesh Sarkar. "A cluster onset of acute and accelerated silicosis cases in workers of ramming mass industries in Jharkhand, Eastern India." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 12, no. 8 (2023): 1654–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2518_22.

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Introduction and Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among workers of ramming mass industries in the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, eastern India. Workers had occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust of varied duration between 1 and 6 years. A total of 122 subjects participated in it. Relevant epidemiological information was collected from them. All were x-rayed using 300 mA radiation for the detection of the presence of silicotic opacities if any as described by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) for the detection of silicosis. Results: The st

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Халафов, Намик, Namik Khalafov, Фахраддин Габибов, Fakhraddin Gabibov, Азад Амрахов, and Azad Amrakhov. "ABOUT THE MODE INFLUENCE OF APPLYING SHOCK LOADS ON THE INDICATORS OF COMPACTIBILITY OF CLAY LOAM." Construction and Architecture 4, no. 1 (2016): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18707.

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The issues of improvement of ramming or the projective in the form of a truncated cone from recycled tires. It allows to significantly improve the process of surface seal while eliminating subsidence of soil properties at a thickness of up to 5 meters.

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Sigmond, Peter. "Dutch Ships Ramming Spanish Galleys, 3 October 1602." Rijksmuseum Bulletin 58, no. 2 (2010): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52476/trb.11632.

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Stuedlein, Armin W., and Tadesse Meskele. "Preliminary Design and Engineering of Pipe Ramming Installations." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 3, no. 4 (2012): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ps.1949-1204.0000107.

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Fu, Hao, Kaining Yu, Changli Chen, Changrong Li, and Xiuli Wang. "Analysis of ramming settlement based on dissipative principle." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 128 (March 2018): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/128/1/012009.

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Aleksandrova, N. I. "Influence of Soil Plug on Pipe Ramming Process." Journal of Mining Science 53, no. 6 (2017): 1073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062739117063138.

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Primachenko, V. V., I. G. Shulik, T. G. Galchenko, E. B. Protsak, and L. V. Belik. "Investigation of the compressibility of low-cement corundum castable with the addition of chromium oxide depending on moisture and pressing pressure." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 117 (July 11, 2017): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.117.08.

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The mass compressibility of composition low-cement corundum castable with an addition of chromium oxide, depending on its moisture (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 %) and specific pressing pressure (50, 75, 100 N/mm2) has been investigated. The optimum moisture of the forming mass (3.0—3.5 %) and the pressing pressure (100 N/mm2), which ensure the production of fresh-formed samples with an apparent density of 3.14 g/cm3, dried (after hardening in humid conditions for 7 days ) with an apparent density of 3.03—3.04 g/cm3, and fired samples with an apparent density, open porosity and compressive strength

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Li, Xiao Jing, Kai Yao, Shao Chun Zhu, and Xiang Hong Pan. "Study on the Changing Rule of Excess Pore Water Pressure during Dynamic Compaction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2254.

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The changing rule of excess pore water pressure during dynamic compaction is important for construction. The following conclusions could be drawn by observing and analyzing the excess pore water pressure in test area. Under ramming strike energy of 2000kN•m, the best hit number during the 1~2 times is 8~9, the best hit number during the third time is 6~8. After compaction, the shallow excess pore water pressure is basically larger than the deep. The shallow excess pore water pressure needs more time to dissipate. The horizontal distance of the shallow excess pore water pressure is larger than

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Xing, Jie, and Yin Xian Duo. "Vibration Influence of Artillery Autoloader Analysis and Testing." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.540.

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The inconsistency of the projectile's seizing-bore stroke of the large caliber gun during feeding process will lead to differences of the volume of propellant chamber and starting pressure of projectiles.It will also affect guns' muzzle velocity and firing accuracy.In order to improve the positioning accuracy of projectiles in an arm-type autoloader,first of all,high speed photography was used and only to find that there will be vibrations of projectiles in the direction of gravity.The vibrations will consume kinetic energy of the projectile and contribute to inconsistency of the retaining for

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Pankratenko, Alexandr A., Nguyen Quang Huy, Nguyen Duyen Phong, Andrey S. Samal, Abdrahman B. Begalinov, and Dikhan B. Amantolov. "Influence of Pipe Ramming on Stress State of Surrounding Soil and Nearby Tunnel Lining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 843 (July 2016): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.843.81.

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ANNOTATIONThis article proposes an approach to the prediction of stress state and assessing the strength of a circular tunnel lining and the surrounding rock mass under construction near the production used by the micro-tunneling technology of pipe ramming. The basis of this method is an analytical solution of the corresponding plane problem of elasticity theory.

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ZHANG Peng-jun, 张鹏军, 王惠源 WANG Hui-yuan, 李强 LI Qiang, and 邢杰 XING Jie. "Analysis and test of reliability for ammunition accurate ramming." Optics and Precision Engineering 22, no. 7 (2014): 1787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20142207.1787.

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Yun, Min-Woo, and Eun-Young Kim. "Vehicle ramming attacks and the effectiveness of AEB systems." Korean Police Studies Review 17, no. 3 (2018): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.38084/2018.17.3.5.

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