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Journal articles on the topic 'Ramp slope'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 18 July 2025

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1

PHILLIPS, P. A., B. K. THOMPSON, and DAVID FRASER. "THE IMPORTANCE OF CLEAT SPACING IN RAMP DESIGN FOR YOUNG PIGS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 2 (1989): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas89-054.

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Four ramp designs were tested for acceptance by pigs aged 7–8 wk and weighing about 16 kg. The designs included one ramp with a 22° slope and cleats spaced 100 mm apart, and three ramps with slopes of 28° and cleat spacing of either 100, 75 or 50 mm. Forty-eight litters were used in the study, each providing four pairs of pigs. Each of the four pairs was exposed to a different ramp design for 1 h, with ramp acceptance determined by whether a pig tried the ramp or not. Acceptance was much higher for the 22° ramp than the 28° ramp when the cleats were spaced at 100-mm (0.56 vs. 0.36, respectivel

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2

Ruthes, Juliane Mônica, Júlio Caetano Tomazoni, Elisete Guimarães, and Tayoná Cristina Gomes. "Uso de Sistema de Informação Geográfica na Determinação do Fator Topográfico da Bacia do Rio Catorze, Sudoeste do PR (Use of Geographic Information System to Determine the Topographic Factor of Catorze River Watershed, Southwest PR)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 5, no. 5 (2013): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v5i5.232803.

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Este estudo foi desenvolvido para estimar o fator topográfico da bacia hidrográfica do rio Catorze, no município de Francisco Beltrão – PR através do uso de SIG. Para isso, utilizou-se o software Spring 5.1.8, onde se editaram os rios, formando a rede hidrográfica da bacia do rio Catorze. Editaram-se ainda, as curvas de nível, gerando uma grade retangular com os valores hipsométricos da Bacia, observando-se uma altimetria entre 540 e 962 m. Com isso, pode-se gerar uma matriz da declividade da Bacia, em porcentagem. Editaram-se os divisores de água, e tendo a hidrografia da Bacia como linha de

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3

Campbell, M. E., R. L. Hughson, and H. J. Green. "Continuous increase in blood lactate concentration during different ramp exercise protocols." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 3 (1989): 1104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.3.1104.

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The applicability of a continuous model description of the blood lactate concentration [( La-]) vs. O2 uptake (VO2) relationship was studied in nine healthy male volunteers during three different ramp exercise protocols. The work rate was increased at either 8, 15, or 50 W/min. The continuous model for [La-] = a + b exp(cVO2) was compared statistically with a previously proposed log-log transformation model for the [La-] and VO2 variables. It was found that the mean square error was significantly less for the continuous as opposed to the log-log model (P less than 0.01) by analysis of variance

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Iannetta, Danilo, Rafael de Almeida Azevedo, Daniel A. Keir, and Juan M. Murias. "Establishing the V̇o2 versus constant-work-rate relationship from ramp-incremental exercise: simple strategies for an unsolved problem." Journal of Applied Physiology 127, no. 6 (2019): 1519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00508.2019.

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The dissociation between constant work rate of O2 uptake (V̇o2) and ramp V̇o2 at a given work rate might be mitigated during slowly increasing ramp protocols. This study characterized the V̇o2 dynamics in response to five different ramp protocols and constant-work-rate trials at the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS) to characterize 1) the V̇o2 gain (G) in the moderate, heavy, and severe domains, 2) the mean response time of V̇o2 (MRT), and 3) the work rates at lactate threshold (LT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP). Eleven young individuals performed five ramp tests (5, 10, 15, 25,

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King, Alessandra. "Ramp It Up." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 21, no. 5 (2015): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.21.5.0320.

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Jellyman, Phillip G., Joshua T. Bauld, and Shannan K. Crow. "The effect of ramp slope and surface type on the climbing success of shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) elvers." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 7 (2017): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16015.

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Instream structures such as dams, weirs and culverts reduce diadromous fish (e.g. freshwater eels) biodiversity and abundance by restricting upstream migrations. Fish passes are used to facilitate fish passage around instream structures, but limited information is available about design aspects that influence the ability of fish to negotiate the structures. We used experimental ramps to evaluate the effects of surface type and slope on the climbing success of shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) elvers (total length <155mm). Climbing success was examined for three surface types (smooth plastic

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7

PHILLIPS, P. A., B. K. THOMPSON, and D. FRASER. "PREFERENCE TESTS OF RAMP DESIGNS FOR YOUNG PIGS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 1 (1988): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-004.

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Preference experiments were used to identify features of ramp design that influence the voluntary use of ramps by young pigs. In seven experiments, groups of pigs, aged 7–8 wk, were given free access to four different ramps simultaneously. The animals' behavior was monitored to identify the amount of time spent on the ramps and the number of pigs that failed to use specific designs. Slope, in the range of 20–32° from the horizontal, had a major influence on the pigs' behavior, with the shallower slopes attracting more use than steep ones. Pigs preferred ramps with angle-iron cleats (cross-laid

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8

Lyu, Nan, Ning Mei Yu, and He Jiu Zhang. "Integral Type Multi-Ramp for Single-Slope ADC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1908.

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This paper presents a integral type Multi-ramp architecture apply to MRSS ADC (Multiple-ramp single-slope ADC).On the one hand to improve the capacitance mismatch by change voltage reference, On the other hand to reduced the power consumption greatly. Implemented in the GSMC 180nm 2P4M CMOS process, in the power supply voltage of 1.8 V, 11-bit resolution, 10 MHZ sampling frequency, the result of max power consumption is 1.33mW of single unit .The DNL < 0.1LSB and max INL < 0.49LSB .The Multi-ramp achieved requirements for high speed and high accuracy MRSS ADC.

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9

Kim, Seong Hwan, Hyun Je Seo, Dong Won Seo, Kang-Il Kim, and Sang Hak Lee. "Analysis of Risk Factors for Ramp Lesions Associated With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 7 (2020): 1673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520918207.

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Background: The incidence of meniscocapsular junction tears of the medial meniscus posterior horn, known as ramp lesions, is reported to be 9.3% to 23.9%. However, these lesions are not consistently diagnosed with routine arthroscopic exploration and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose: To determine risk factors associated with ramp lesions in anterior cruciate ligament–injured knees. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 275 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between June 2011 and March 2019 were included in this study.

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Grenon, Martin, and Amélie-Julie Laflamme. "Inter-ramp and bench design of open-pit mines: the Portage pit case study." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 11 (2011): 1601–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-062.

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Using a case study, this paper presents an integrated methodology for assessing structural slope stability at the inter-ramp and bench levels. Robust algorithms have been developed and implemented to compute, at inter-ramp and bench levels, slope orientations and slope stability using input data compatible with a commercially available mine-design software tool database structure. Multi-criteria stability analyses were performed based on various design criteria. Susceptibility maps were produced enabling the identification of zones of concern in the designed pit. The obtained results suggest t

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11

Noorsal, E., S. Z. Yahaya, Z. Hussain, R. Boudville, M. N. Ibrahim, and Y. Mohd Ali. "Analytical study of flexible stimulation waveforms in muscle fatigue reduction." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp690-703.

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This paper presents the analytical study of flexible stimulation waveforms in muscle fatigue reduction for functional electrical stimulator (FES)-assisted hemiplegic muscle activities. The major challenge of muscle contraction induced by FES is early muscle fatigue which greatly limits activities such as FES-assisted standing and walking. The fixed stimulation pattern applied on a same motor unit has resulted the motor unit to be overworked and fatigue easily. Therefore, in this work, the stimulus parameters, which include the pulse width duration and the frequency were varied to create a few

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E., Noorsal, Z. Yahaya S., Hussain Z., Bouldville R., N. Ibrahim M., and Mohd Ali Y. "Analytical study of flexible stimulation waveforms in muscle fatigue reduction." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 690–703. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp690-703.

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This paper presents the analytical study of flexible stimulation waveforms in muscle fatigue reduction for functional electrical stimulator (FES)-assisted hemiplegic muscle activities. The major challenge of muscle contraction induced by FES is early muscle fatigue which greatly limits activities such as FES-assisted standing and walking. The fixed stimulation pattern applied on a same motor unit has resulted the motor unit to be overworked and fatigue easily. Therefore, in this work, the stimulus parameters, which include the pulse width duration and the frequency were varied to create a few

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13

Cong, Xiao-yan, Yong-gang Zhang, Chun-peng Wang, Hong-xuan Zhu, and Zeng-cai Wang. "Look-ahead gear-shifting strategy on ramps for heavy trucks with automated mechanical transmission." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (2019): 168781401882291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018822911.

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Look-ahead information has been applied to vehicle shift systems and has led to the development of innovative changes in shifting strategies. A shifting strategy significantly influences the dynamic and economic performance of a truck. If a shift control system can predict the information of the road ahead, then the dynamic programming method can be used to obtain an optimal shift schedule, thereby achieving the best balance between the dynamic and the economic performance of a truck. Determining the weights of the economic and dynamic performance of a truck is critical in dynamic programming.

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14

Jian, Xiao-Xia, and Xiaoning Zhang. "Potential Field Cellular Automata Model for Pedestrian Evacuation in a Domain with a Ramp." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/714267.

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We propose a potential field cellular automata model with a pushing force field to simulate the pedestrian evacuation in a domain with a ramp. We construct a cost potential depending on the ramp angle and introduce a function to evaluate the pushing force, which is related to the cost and the desired direction of pedestrian. With increase of crowd density, there is no empty space for pedestrian moving forward; pedestrian will purposefully push another pedestrian on her or his desired location to arrive the destination quickly. We analyse the relationship between the slope of ramp and the pushi

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15

Nahumi, Nadav, Ulrich Jorde, and Nir Uriel. "Slope Calculation for the LVAD Ramp Test." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 62, no. 22 (2013): 2149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.098.

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16

Nisenbaum, E. S., Z. C. Xu, and C. J. Wilson. "Contribution of a slowly inactivating potassium current to the transition to firing of neostriatal spiny projection neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 3 (1994): 1174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.3.1174.

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1. Neostriatal spiny projection neurons display a prominent slowly depolarizing (ramp) potential and long latency to spike discharge in response to intracellular current pulses. The contribution of a slowly inactivating A-current (IAs) to this delayed excitation was investigated in a neostriatal slice preparation using current pulse protocols incorporating information based on the known voltage dependence, kinetics, and pharmacological properties of IAs. 2. Depolarizing intracellular current pulses evoked a slowly developing ramp potential that could last for seconds without reaching steady st

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17

Familiari, Filippo, Luke V. Tollefson, Antonio Izzo, Michele Mercurio, Robert F. LaPrade, and Giovanni Di Vico. "A High-Grade Lachman’s Exam Predicts a Ramp Tear of the Medial Meniscus in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: A Prospective Clinical and Radiological Evaluation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 3 (2024): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030683.

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Background: Medial meniscus ramp tears are present in 22.9–40.8% of anterior cruciate ligament tears. The diagnosis of ramp tears is difficult on MRI, with sensitivity reported around 48%, which has recently emphasized the importance of proper arthroscopic probing for ramp tears. Methods: A prospective evaluation was performed on patients undergoing a single bundle ACL reconstruction to assess patient demographics, posterior tibial slope, posterior cruciate ligament angle, Lachman’s exam, and rotational instability to determine secondary findings associated with medial meniscal ramp tears. Res

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18

Miyamoto, Y., and Y. Niizeki. "Dynamics of ventilation, circulation, and gas exchange to incremental and decremental ramp exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 6 (1992): 2244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.6.2244.

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Transient responses of minute volume (VE), O2 uptake (VO2), CO2 output (VCO2), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (Q) to a step change and ramp changes with slopes ranging from 33.3 to 14.3 W/min were studied in five healthy human subjects over the load range from 25 to 125 W. The ramp responses were fitted to a first-order model with a pure time delay (td) and a time constant (TC), while most of the step responses fitted better to a second-order model, consisting of a fast and a slow component. No significant asymmetry was observed between the on- and off-responses to step forcing. The mean

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19

Mester, S., B. Horváth, A. Lukács, and I. Szalai. "Investigation of the torque transmission time constant of a multi-disc magnetorheological clutch in the case of ramp function excitation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1246, no. 1 (2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1246/1/012005.

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Abstract In this work the torque transmission time constant of a multi-disc magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch is presented. The self-built clutch contains six layers of MR fluid and it is excited by an external electromagnetic coil. The transmitted torque is measured by a torque sensor using a self-developed LabVIEW software. Torque transmission is measured using ramp excitation with different slopes. The time constant of the clutch is derived from the time delay of the torque response. Our measurements showed the time constants as a hyperbolic function of the slope of the ramp excitation.

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Zackowitz, Ilene B., Alison G. Vredenburgh, and Alan Hedge. "A Critical Analysis of the Usability and Design of Aluminum Wheelchair Ramps." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 8 (2005): 803–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900803.

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A common method to improve accessibility for pedestrians and wheelchair users is the widespread use of ramps. Ramps for handicapped access are required by the Americans with Disabilities Act. The ADA has specific guidelines for many aspects of ramp design. Although these specifications detail ramp requirements, they do not necessarily guarantee that a ramp will be trouble-free for users. A recent study that evaluated how wheelchair users perceive differences in slope and cross slope revealed design problems for modular aluminum ramps. The purpose of this paper is to identify aluminum ramp desi

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Padash, Mohsen, and Mostafa Yargholi. "Positive and Negative Feedback for Linearity Improvement and PVT Compensation of the Ramp Generator." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 02 (2018): 1950028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619500282.

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Linearity of ramp signals is one of the most important aspects for many applications such as single-slope analog to digital converters (ADCs); another important aspect is the total power dissipation. Applications like high-resolution single-slope ADCs that can be used in portable devices demanded accurate ramp generator with low power dissipation. This paper presents a low power ramp generator with linearity improvement that achieved by a positive feedback circuit and negative feedback for compensation of the variations in process, voltage and temperature. Derived equations of the proposed ram

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22

Muñoz, Juan-Guillermo, Guillermo Gallo, Fabiola Angulo, and Gustavo Osorio. "Slope Compensation Design for a Peak Current-Mode Controlled Boost-Flyback Converter." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113000.

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Peak current-mode control is widely used in power converters and involves the use of an external compensation ramp to suppress undesired behaviors and to enhance the stability range of the Period-1 orbit. A boost converter uses an analytical expression to find a compensation ramp; however, other more complex converters do not use such an expression, and the corresponding compensation ramp must be computed using complex mechanisms. A boost-flyback converter is a power converter with coupled inductors. In addition to its high efficiency and high voltage gains, this converter reduces voltage stre

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Myers, J., D. Walsh, M. Sullivan, and V. Froelicher. "Effect of sampling on variability and plateau in oxygen uptake." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 1 (1990): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.404.

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To evaluate the effect of the gas exchange sampling interval on variability and plateau in O2 uptake (VO2), 10 subjects underwent steady-state treadmill exercise at 50% maximal VO2 and 6 subjects underwent maximal testing using a ramp protocol. During steady-state exercise, gas exchange data were acquired by using 10 different sampling intervals. The variability in VO2 was greater as the sampling interval shortened (SD = 4.5 ml.kg-1.min-1 for breath-by-breath vs. 0.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 for 60-s samples). The breath-by-breath data suggested a Gaussian distribution, and most of the variability was at

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Chu, Xiao Jie, Shan Xiong Chen, Jian Li, and Zhang Jun Dai. "A Determination Procedure of Foundation and Pile Bearing Capacity in Slopes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2655.

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When there is a ramp, the methods of calculating the foundation and pile bearing capacity are different from the plains situation. Many scholars have been studied determination method of the foundation and pile bearing capacity under the condition of slopes. A program is developed based on the results of previous studies, which can calculate the foundation and pile bearing capacity under the condition of slopes. The program using MATLAB software integrates a calculation method of foundation and pile capacity under slope condition. Combined with numerical examples, the results illustrate the up

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Jodkowski, J. S., F. Viana, T. E. Dick, and A. J. Berger. "Repetitive firing properties of phrenic motoneurons in the cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 60, no. 2 (1988): 687–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.60.2.687.

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1. Using both rectangular- and ramp-shaped intracellularly injected currents, the repetitive firing properties of 23 antidromically identified phrenic motoneurons were determined in anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats during hypocapnic apnea. In response to rectangular depolarizing current injections, regular repetitive firing was observed in all cells. 2. At the beginning of a rectangular current pulse, the firing pattern was characterized by high frequency of firing that rapidly adapted to a much lower steady-state value. The relationship between the reciprocal of the f

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Lay, Andrea N., Chris J. Hass, D. Webb Smith, and Robert J. Gregor. "Characterization of a System for Studying Human Gait during Slope Walking." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 21, no. 2 (2005): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.21.2.153.

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Sloped walking surfaces provide a unique environment for examining the bio-mechanics and neural control of locomotion. While sloped surfaces have been used in a variety of studies in recent years, the current literature provides little if any discussion of the integrity, i.e., validity, of the systems used to collect data. The goal of this study was to develop and characterize a testing system capable of evaluating the kinetics of human locomotion on sloped surfaces. A ramped walkway system with an embedded force plate was constructed and stabilized. Center of pressure and reaction force data

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Ivany, Linda C., Cathryn R. Newton, and Henry T. Mullins. "Benthic invertebrates of a modern carbonate ramp: a preliminary survey." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 3 (1994): 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025828.

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A preliminary survey of benthic invertebrates off central west Florida provides documentation of modern epifaunal communities on a low-gradient carbonate slope. Three large-scale biofacies occur in soft-sediment carbonate environments between 200 and 2,000 m: an Echinoderm biofacies (200–550 m) dominated by a diverse assemblage of echinoderms, gastropods, and decapod crustaceans; a Penaeid shrimp–conical mound biofacies (550–1,200 m) characterized by large bioturbation structures; and a Microbial mat biofacies (1,200–2,000 m) with only rare epifaunal invertebrates. A fourth, hard-substrate bio

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Souza, Priscila Bezerra de, Agostinho Lopes de Souza, and João Augusto Alves Meira Neto. "Diameter structure of stratum and ecological groups of a Semideciduous Forest area in Dionísio-MG." Revista Árvore 36, no. 1 (2012): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622012000100016.

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The objective of this study was to obtain homogeneous groups of species and information on their density, dominance and volume, in terms of ecological group and diameter structure of an area of Submontane Semideciduous forest (Mata do Mumbaça) in Dionísio, MG. This work was conducted with data of the diameter distribution per species from floristic and phytosociological (Mata do Mumbaça) survey of 120 plots with 10 x 10 m each one. The 120 plots were contiguous and corresponding to a total sample area of 12,000 m² distributed over the topographic units (Low Ramp, Lower Slope, Upper Slope and H

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Boone, Jan, Katrien Koppo, and Jacques Bouckaert. "The response to submaximal ramp cycle exercise: Influence of ramp slope and training status." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 161, no. 3 (2008): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2008.03.008.

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Mercury, Yasfini Hurum, Sutedjo, and Rita Diana. "Inventory of herbs plants at three different locations in forest education of Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia." Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology 2, no. 1 (2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jaab.02.01.02.

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Many plants have the potential to be medicinal from the herbaceous group. Herbaceous plants have short, small steam and have a wet trunk because they contain many water and non-woody. This research aims to inventory species of herbaceous plants that can be medicinal plants and other uses in three different locations. The results showed that 12 species were found in the slope area, 340 individuals. The highest number of SDRn of 29.26% was Nephrolepis biserrata (SW.) Schott. In the ramp, the area has been found of 11 species of herbaceous, 215 individuals. The highest number of SDRn of 34.81% wa

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Swanson, G. D., and R. L. Hughson. "On the modeling and interpretation of oxygen uptake kinetics from ramp work rate tests." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 6 (1988): 2453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.6.2453.

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Ramp work rate tests have been used to estimate aerobic parameters in exercise stress testing. Previous studies have suggested an assumption of a linear dynamic system for O2 uptake kinetics. The implication is that model parameters estimated from ramp tests should be similar to those estimated from other dynamic tests. In nine healthy subjects, we found that model parameters used to characterize O2 consumption ramp data were not consistent with those used to characterize step data, when the comparison was made on a subject-to-subject basis. Furthermore the ramp data model parameter values wer

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Zhao, Qiu Ling, and Li Yang. "A Dynamics Analysis of a Double-Legs Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1152.

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A passive-walking of a double-legs planar Robot is considered. The dynamic equation of the system walking down a shallow slope, powered only by gravity is established according to Lagrange method. After the equation was transferred to a dimensionless one, it shows the motion is depended not only on the free parameter, the ramp slope γ, but also on the ratio of m/M, m is mass of the foot of the model and M is the mass of the hip as well; The analytic calculations show that at the identical ramp slope γ, the whole moving has different phases: stable period walking and chaos with the increasing o

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Fento Hara, Abdul Rochim, and Sumirin. "Studi Metode Perkuatan Lereng Menggunakan Soil Nailing Dan Shotcrete (Studi Kasus: Lereng Off Ramp Karawang Barat Pada Ruas Jalan Tol Jakarta -Cikampek )." Journal Scientific of Mandalika (JSM) e-ISSN 2745-5955 | p-ISSN 2809-0543 6, no. 5 (2025): 1454–65. https://doi.org/10.36312/10.36312/vol6iss5pp1454-1465.

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Landslides that occur on slopes can be caused by several influences, both human and natural influences. There are also several ways to handle slopes, adjusting the type of soil at the handling location and its function and purpose. The reinforcement method using Soil Nailing and shotcrete is one alternative choice for strengthening slopes. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of the safety factor of the existing slope before reinforcement with Soil Nailing and shotcrete and the value of the safety factor of the slope after reinforcement with Soil Nailing and shotcrete on the slo

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Amaral, Susana, Paulo Branco, Christos Katopodis, Maria Ferreira, António Pinheiro, and José Santos. "Passage Performance of Potamodromous Cyprinids over an Experimental Low-Head Ramped Weir: The Effect of Ramp Length and Slope." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (2019): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051456.

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Low-head ramped weirs are a common instream obstacle to fish movements. Fish passability of these structures, where water passes over but does not generate a waterfall, is primarily related to ramp length and slope, but their relative contribution has seldom been considered. This study aims to assess the passage performance of a potamodromous cyprinid, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), negotiating an experimental ramped weir with varying ramp length (L) and slope (S). Four configurations were tested, with a constant discharge of 110 L∙s−1. Results suggest that both factors influenced p

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Ohsawa, S., Y. Yamamoto, and M. Miyashita. "THE EFFECT OF RAMP SLOPE ON RESPIRATORY COMPENSATION THRESHOLD." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 21, Supplement (1989): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198904001-00143.

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Widiarto, Rezza Irawan, Bagus Hario Hario Setiadji, and Bambang Haryadi. "Relationship between Slope and Ramp Length on Toll Road Traffic Accidents." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 28, no. 2 (2023): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v28i2.43665.

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The Semarang – Solo toll road at Km 437+200 – 439+400 is one of the unique segments because many double horizontal and vertical alignments are encountered along approximately 1,600 m. Although this segment geometrically can be considered quite good because it provides adequate stopping distance, the accident data from PT. Trans Marga Jateng showed that this segment is prone to accidents. This studyevaluated this segment's slope and slope length and their relationship to the potential for accidents. This segment was divided into three sections based on the slope and two vehicle types: light veh

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NAKAMURA, YOSHIO, KEIICHI TAMAKI, and ISAO MURAOKA. "IMPORTANCE OF RAMP SLOPE ON THE DETERMINATION OF VENTILATORY THRESHOLD USING V-SLOPE METHOD." Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 39, no. 4 (1990): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.39.282.

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Chen, An Cheng, Xi Hui Mu, and Feng Po Du. "Study Ramp Steering Dynamics Problem of Small Tracked Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.249.

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The necessity and importance of studying the dynamical characteristics of ramp steering was described. After the force analysis of ramping going up, down and along the slope, Especially don‘t ignored unchanged load distribution that was caused by the longitudinal force and lateral force, Establish the mathematical model of traction and braking force. Through the simulation experiment, the result showed that the traction and braking force changed with definite rules when the tracked vehicle turned on the slope, which has practical significance for the further study of the vehicle’s power matchi

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Dang, Dinh Vu. "ESTIMATION OF THE LIMITED LOAD FOR WHEELED AMPHIBIOUS VEHICLES IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD." Journal of Science and Technique 14, no. 4 (2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56651/lqdtu.jst.v14.n04.420.

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The paper provides a method for building a dynamic model and investigates a motion of the amphibious vehicle in the transition period. The research is conducted from the time that vehicle starts come into contact with the water environment until the wheels of front axle separated from the ramp angle (slope), in conditions of the ramp angle of less than 15 degrees and the vehicle’s velocity of not more than 20 km/h. The result allows to determine the maximum distance moving on the ramp angle that vehicle can perform to ensure not submerged conditions, then the limited load can be determined.

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Cała, Marek, Michał Kowalski, and Agnieszka Stopkowicz. "The Three-Dimensional (3D) Numerical Stability Analysis of Hyttemalmen Open-Pit." Archives of Mining Sciences 59, no. 3 (2014): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2014-0043.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper was to perform the 3D numerical calculations allowing slope stability analysis of Hyttemalmen open pit (location Kirkenes, Finnmark Province, Norway). After a ramp rock slide, which took place in December 2010, as well as some other small-scale rock slope stability problems, it proved necessary to perform a serious stability analyses. The Hyttemalmen open pit was designed with a depth up to 100 m, a bench height of 24 m and a ramp width of 10 m. The rock formation in the iron mining district of Kirkenes is called the Bjornevaten Group. This is the most struct

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Subbarao, Mopidevi, Ch Saibabu, and S. Satyanarayana. "Fuzzy peak current controlled integrated PFC convert-er with slope compensation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.9446.

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This propounded a novel method of design and implementation of a fuzzy peak current mode (PCM) controlled Buck Integrated Power Factor Correction (PFC) Converter with compensation ramp. It derives its advantages through low buck capacitor voltage and single control switch, which leads to reduced complex control and price. Sub-harmonic oscillations generates in peak current controller can be nullified by using ramp signal, there by improves the overall performance of the converter. The fuzzy controller (FLC) robust and effective than conventional linear controllers like P, PI, PID, hence in thi

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Kim, Jin-Sung, Sang-Jun Min, and Dong Cheol Jeong. "Ramp driver circuit for improving the stability of ramp slope in a flat panel display driver." Displays 34, no. 3 (2013): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2013.05.004.

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Wahlman, Gregory P., and Merlynd K. Nestell. "Middle Permian (Guadalupian) Fusulinids from Subsurface Midland Basin, West Texas, USA, Including Paleoenvironmental Microspheric Parafusulina." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 54, no. 2 (2024): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.61551/gsjfr.54.2.117.

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Abstract Parafusulina fusulinids are preserved in partly dolomitized outer ramp facies in a Middle Permian (Guadalupian) subsurface core from the Midland Basin of West Texas. The fusulinid-bearing carbonate unit was deposited within the basin during a sea level lowstand of the Guadalupian G10 high-frequency sequence and is assigned to the Grayburg Formation. The lowstand carbonate unit consists of dolomitized progradational shallow-water carbonate ramp facies. The fusulinids are preserved only in outermost ramp fusulinid-skeletal packstone facies that overlies dark-gray quartz siltstone slope

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Bressler, Bernard H. "Tension responses of frog skeletal muscle to ramp and step length changes." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 63, no. 12 (1985): 1617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y85-268.

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Tension responses to ramp shortening of varying speed in whole muscle or single fibres from the plateau of an isometric tetanus, revealed at least two distinct phases. There was a fast initial drop in tension followed by a change of slope and a definite inflexion on the tension record. As the velocity of the imposed length change was increased, the inflexion point appeared at a lower tension. Similar inflexions were not observed during ramp releases to an elastic band or a segment of semitendinosus tendon. The tension records obtained with moderately fast ramp length changes to contracting mus

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Wang, Xiu Gang, Jian Su, Xuan Bin Li, Xiao Ning Cao, and Hong Tao Liu. "Research of Implementation Method for Ramp Simulation of Rail Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.194.

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Track irregularity is the main disturbance of vibration of wheel-rail system. Combined with the structure of the ramp simulator and the feature of longitudinal ramp, this paper completed the simulation of vehicle longitudinal ramp, and constructed he model of coordinative relations for the slope simulation. Based on the method space transformation of homogeneous coordinate and the expression of space vector of the 21 actuators, three models of inverse displacement analysis of the 6-Dof simulation platform were built. It also implemented the real-time solution by means of simulink, which provid

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Askari, Amir R., and Masoud Tahani. "Dynamic Pull-In Investigation of a Clamped-Clamped Nanoelectromechanical Beam under Ramp-Input Voltage and the Casimir Force." Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/164542.

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The influence of the Casimir excitation on dynamic pull-in instability of a nanoelectromechanical beam under ramp-input voltage is studied. The ramp-input actuation has applications in frequency sweeping of RF-N/MEMS. The presented model is nonlinear due to the inherent nonlinearity of electrostatics and the Casimir excitations as well as the geometric nonlinearity of midplane stretching. A Galerkin based reduced order modeling is utilized. It is found that the calculated dynamic pull-in ramp input voltage leads to dynamic pull-in step input voltage by increasing the slope of voltage-time diag

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Lin, Liu, Ren Yanjun, Sha Wenhan, Shen Tong, Yin Guodong, and Zhang Youjing. "Electric vehicle ramp recognition based on fusion of vehicle mass estimation." Scientific Insights and Discoveries Review 6 (October 14, 2024): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.59782/sidr.v6i1.219.

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Road slope is the necessary environmental information for intelligent electric vehicles. The accuracy of slope recognition directly determines the control quality of vehicles on the hill. Aiming at the problems that the existing ramp recognition algorithms have poor adaptability to the conditions and are unable to To satisfy the application requirements of mass production vehicles, this paper proposes an electric vehicle slope recognition method based on vehicle mass estimation. Firstly, the vehicle longitudinal dynamics model is established, and the signal characteristics of the acceleration

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Levski, Deyan, Martin Wany, and Bhaskar Choubey. "Ramp Noise Projection in CMOS Image Sensor Single-Slope ADCs." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 64, no. 6 (2017): 1380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2662950.

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Jansson, C., K. Chen, and C. Svensson. "Linear, polynomial and exponential ramp generators with automatic slope adjustment." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 41, no. 2 (1994): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/81.269058.

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Azikin, Busthan, Hery Astaman, and Rohaya Langkoke. "Geometric Design Analysis of Pit X Mine Slope Koninis Area, Bunta District, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province." Journal of Geology and Exploration 2, no. 2 (2023): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.58227/jge.v2i2.114.

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Penelitian mengenai mengenai analisi geometri lereng tambang PIT X dilakukan IUP PT. X di Desa Koninis yang secara administrasi termasuk di Kecamatan Bunta, Kabupaten Bangggai, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, dengan mendesain geometri lereng secara statis dan dinamis berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri ESDM No. 1827 K/30/MEM Tahun 2018. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode Bishop Simplified menggunakan perangkat lunak Slide 6.0 dari Rockscience. Hasil dari analisis lereng statis lereng keseluruhan pada kondisi tanpa muka air tanah adalah 2.00 dan pada lereng keseluruhan yang dipengaruhi oleh muka air tan

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