Journal articles: 'RAMTEL'

1

Liu, Yang, Wuxiong Zhang, Yang Yang, Weidong Fang, Fei Qin, and Xuewu Dai. "RAMTEL: Robust Acoustic Motion Tracking Using Extreme Learning Machine for Smart Cities." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, no. 5 (October 2019): 7555–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2903211.

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Choi, Si-Hyuk, and Hyun-Chel Kim. "Studies on the Optimum Pulping Condition of Ramie and the Mechanical Properties of Ramie/Cotton Non-woven Fabric as Hygienic Uses." Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry 46, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7584/ktappi.2014.46.6.016.

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ANACLETO, Adilson, and Raquel Rejane Bonato NEGRELLE. "EXTRATIVISMO DE RAMETES E PROPAGAÇÃO VEGETATIVA DE AECHMEA." Scientia Agraria 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2009): 085. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rsa.v10i1.13529.

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As bromélias são plantas monocotiledôneas da família Bromeliaceae, que engloba mais de 1500 espécies somente no Brasil, sendo a Floresta Atlântica seu principal reduto. O litoral do Paraná está entre as regiões de Floresta Atlântica onde o extrativismo de bromélias com finalidade comercial ocorre com maior intensidade no Brasil. Entre as espécies mais extraídas, destaca-se Aechmea nudicaulis. Para avaliar o impacto do extrativismo sobre esta espécie, foram selecionadas quarenta unidades parentais de A. nudicaulis as quais foram submetidas a diferentes tipos de extrativismo de rametes e monitoradas bimestralmente para avaliar o efeito no crescimento vegetativo (brotamento). Os rametes extraídos foram plantados e monitorados para avaliar a produção de folhas, altura e tempo necessário para atingir o tamanho comercial. O extrativismo não promoveu efeito visível no brotamento das unidades parentais. Os rametes maiores do que 1/3 do tamanho da unidade parental levaram menor tempo médio (96 dias) para atingir o tamanho comercial (≥ 35 cm altura e 4 folhas), portanto, este tipo de ramete apresenta-se como melhor opção para uso em sistemas de cultivo.

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Bakker, Hans. "The Ramtek inscriptions." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 52, no. 3 (October 1989): 467–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00034571.

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The hill of Ramtek (21°.28´N, 79°.28´E),c. 45 km. NE of Nagpur (Maharashtra), merits special attention because it appears to be one of the very few places in India where an uninterrupted historical development from the fourth century A.D. to the present day can be investigated through a series of archaeological monuments which, although partly restored or built over in later periods, seem never to have been exposed to destructive and iconoclastic forces. From at least the fifth century onwards the hill, also known as Rāmagiri, Sindūragiri, or Tapamgiri (Tapogiri), served as a regional centre of religious activity and probably, also had a more secular function as an outstanding strategic base controlling the highway that connected, and still connects, the central and eastern part of the basin of the Ganges with the northern Deccan. This could possibly explain, at least in part, why the religious structures on top of the hill have attracted the attention and care of the rulers of the area from a very early date.

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Young, Kevin. "Ramble." Callaloo 24, no. 4 (2001): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2001.0318.

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Landau, Ben. "Ramble." Art & the Public Sphere 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/aps_00018_7.

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7

Simmonds, H. A. "Dedication to Francoise Roch‐Ramel." Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 23, no. 8-9 (December 31, 2004): 1081–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ncn-200027357.

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8

Barker, Hans. "The Antiquities of Ramtek Hill, Maharashtra." South Asian Studies 5, no. 1 (January 1989): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1989.9628386.

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9

Zhou, Tiegang, Bo Liu, Xiang Zhao, and Jun Mu. "Experimental testing of the in-plane behavior of bearing modern rammed earth walls." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 13 (April 10, 2018): 2045–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218764978.

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With the introduction of the modern rammed earth technique, a large number of modern rammed earth buildings were constructed in China Mainland. China has a vast territory, which faces the Circum-Pacific seismic belt on the east and the Eurasian seismic belt on the south; earthquake has constantly threatened the safety of people’s lives and property. Consequently, it is necessary to probe in the seismic performance of rammed earth buildings. Two un-stabilized rammed earth specimens, one un-stabilized rammed earth reinforced with geogrid sheets’ specimens, and four stabilized rammed earth specimens were built for obtaining a better insight on the behavior of un-stabilized rammed earth/stabilized rammed earth walls under cyclic in-plane loads. Testing results are discussed in terms of failure mode, shear capacity, hysteretic curve, stiffness degradation, and total energy dissipation to provide comparisons of the seismic performance between un-stabilized rammed earth and stabilized rammed earth specimens. Different failure modes indicated that the cohesion between particles and the bond strength between layers are the two key parameters for the shear capacity of rammed earth buildings. It is also demonstrated that stabilized rammed earth specimens have higher shear and energy dissipation capacity but weaker deformation capacity than un-stabilized rammed earth.

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10

Slade, Andrew J., and Michael J. Hutchings. "Within- and between-population variation in ramet behaviour in the gynodioecious clonal herb, Glechoma hederacea (Labiatae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-085.

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Clones of the gynodioecious herb Glechoma hederacea L. produce ramets which flower and bear seed, ramets which flower but fail to bear seed, and sterile ramets. Performance and survivorship of these subsets of ramets were compared for hermaphrodite and male sterile clones in contrasting grassland and woodland habitats for 2 consecutive years. For all clones, ramet densities on given dates were comparable between years. Winter survival of ramets exceeded 95% and mortality during the growing season was exponential. No genet recruitment was recorded throughout the study. For all clones, flowering ramets were larger than nonflowering ramets. Both flowering and nonflowering ramets of hermaphrodite clones, from grassland and woodland, were significantly larger than corresponding types of ramets from male sterile clones. A higher proportion of ramets of hermaphrodite clones flowered and set seed than ramets of male sterile clones. Flowering ramets of hermaphrodite clones produced more flowers than flowering ramets of male sterile clones. For all clones, half-lives of subsets of ramets declined in the order: seed-bearing > flowering but not seed-bearing > nonflowering. Within the grassland habitat, ramet subsets from hermaphrodite clones had longer half-lives than corresponding subsets from the male sterile clones. In the absence of greater flowering and seed set by male sterile clones, self-incompatibility of hermaphrodite flowers, which has been reported previously for G. hederacea, is crucial for the maintenance of clones of both sexes in populations.

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11

Bach, Catherine E. "Effects of clonal integration on response to sand burial and defoliation by the dune plant Ipomoea pes-caprae (Convolvulaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 2 (2000): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt98030.

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This study examined the importance of clonal integration on the growth and mortality of a tropical dune plant, Ipomoea pes-caprae L. (Roth), in response to two stresses: sand burial and defoliation. Sand burial and artificial defoliation treatments were applied to one shoot on daughter ramets, some of which were connected to other ramets and some of which were not connected to other ramets. Sand burial significantly enhanced both stem growth and leaf production of the buried shoots, both for connected and unconnected ramets. Defoliation decreased stem growth of shoots other than the defoliated shoot, but only for unburied ramets. Defoliation also had a greater negative effect on growth of other shoots on connected ramets than on unconnected ramets. At the level of the entire ramet, burial stimulated both stem growth and leaf production for connected ramets, but not for unconnected ramets. These results support the hypothesis that physiological integration between ramets mediates the response to both sand burial and defoliation in Ipomoea pes-caprae.

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Guo, Jian, Haiyan Li, and Yunfei Yang. "Physiological Integration Increases Sexual Reproductive Performance of the Rhizomatous Grass Hierochloe glabra." Plants 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111608.

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Clonal plants usually reproduce asexually through vegetative propagation and sexually by producing seeds. Physiological integration, the translocation of essential resources between ramets, usually improves vegetative reproduction. However, how physiological integration affects sexual reproduction has been less studied in clonal grasses. Here, we chose Hierochloe glabra, a major early spring forage of the eastern Eurasian steppe, and conducted a series of field experiments, including sampling reproductive ramets connected by tillering nodes to different numbers of vegetative ramets and 15N leaf labeling of ramet pairs at the seed-filling stage. In the natural populations of H. glabra, vegetative ramets were taller, had more and larger leaves, and greater biomass than reproductive ramets. Except for reproductive ramet biomass, sexual reproductive characteristics significantly increased with an increase in the number and biomass of vegetative ramets connected to tillering nodes. 15N labeling showed that vegetative ramets supplied nutrients to reproductive ramets through tillering nodes. Overall, our results indicate that significant differences in morphological characteristics and biomass allocation underlie resources translocation from vegetative ramets towards reproductive ramets. Physiological integration between different functional ramets can increase sexual reproductive performance, which will be beneficial to population persistence in H. glabra.

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13

Coovadia, H. M. "Gita Ramjee." South African Medical Journal 110, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2020.v110i5.14805.

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14

Green, Andrew. "Gita Ramjee." Lancet 395, no. 10234 (May 2020): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30941-7.

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15

Hilton, David. "Salcombe Ramble." Yale Review 89, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0044-0124.00512.

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16

Wei, Qing, Qian Li, Yu Jin, Shulan Wu, Lihua Fan, Ningfei Lei, and Jinsong Chen. "Transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets improves systemic resistance of clonal networks to water stress." Functional Plant Biology 46, no. 7 (2019): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp18232.

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Previous studies have elucidated the mechanisms, ecological implications and constraints on transportation or sharing of defence signals among interconnected ramets of clonal plants suffering from localised herbivore damage. To our knowledge, few studies have been conducted to provide insights into the ecological implications on transportation or sharing of stress signals for clonal plants subjected to water stress. As a chemical elicitor, ABA can induce resistance response in plants suffering from water stress. A pot experiment was conducted to explore transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets by using clonal fragments of Centella asiaticas (L.) Urban with four successive ramets (oldest, old, mature and young) subjected to low water availability (20% soil moisture contents). Compared with control, foliar oxidative stress of the old, mature and young ramets significantly decreased, and antioxidant capacity was increased when exogenous ABA was applied to the oldest ramets. Meanwhile, foliar PSII activity and chlorophyll content of the old, mature and young ramets significantly increased. Compared with control, biomass accumulation and ratio of below-ground/aboveground biomass of whole clonal fragments were significantly increased by ABA application to the oldest ramets. However, similar patterns were not observed when exogenous ABA was applied to the young ramets. Our results show that transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets improves systemic resistance of clonal networks to water stress, which is dependent on directionality of vascular flows. Compared with the old or mature ramets, the young ramets displayed stronger resistance response (such as higher antioxidant enzymes activities and proline content, lower O2•− production rate and malondialdehyde content) to water stress as well as higher PSII activity and chlorophyll content when exogenous ABA was applied to the oldest ramets. Thus, transportation or sharing of stress signals may favour young ramets that are most valuable for growth and fitness of clonal plant subjected to environmental stress. It is suggested that transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets may confer clonal plants with considerable benefits in adapting to spatio-temporal heterogeneous habitats.

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17

Hester, M. W., K. L. McKee, D. M. Burdick, M. S. Koch, K. M. Flynn, S. Patterson, and I. A. Mendelssohn. "Clonal integration in Spartina patens across a nitrogen and salinity gradient." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-096.

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We investigated physiological integration among ramets of Spartina patens when clones spanned a salinity gradient. Clones of S. patens were grown in paired pots with the ramets of the parent pot connected to the ramets of the daughter pot via a common rhizome. Half of these clones had the rhizome connection between parent and daughter pots severed immediately prior to treatment application. The parent pots were kept at low salinity (34.2 mM NaCl) and given two levels of labeled 15NH4Cl (0.036 or 0.714 mM NH4Cl). Daughter ramet pots were kept at the low N level (unlabeled 0.036 mM NH4Cl) and exposed to an increase in salinity to 513 mM NaCl. After 7 days, all daughter ramets had significantly elevated leaf Na levels. Daughter ramets connected to parents were able to maintain significantly greater leaf elongation rates than severed daughter ramets. Labeled 15N was translocated from parents to connected daughter ramets and high-N parents translocated more N to the belowground tissue of daughter ramets than low-N parents. Leaf proline, a nitrogen-containing osmoticum that accumulates only after a threshold of salinity stress is exceeded, was significantly increased only in severed daughter ramets, indicating that salinity stress was reduced in connected daughter ramets, possibly via parental water translocation. Key words: clone, physiological integration, proline, ramet, salt marsh, salt stress.

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18

Kimura, Megumi K., Takashi Nagashima, Tomohiko Kamitani, Hitoshi Sakio, and Yoshihiko Tsumura. "Recent clonal reproduction of Cryptomeria japonica in a snowy region revealed by a survey of small-sized ramets." Silvae Genetica 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2020-0020.

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Abstract Clonal reproduction may contribute to population maintenance in areas where disturbance caused by snow limits tree recruitment. To understand the importance of clonal reproduction in the population dynamics of canopy tree species, it is necessary to determine the frequency of clonal reproduction in the early stages of seedling establishment. We found 106 ramets, including “small-sized” ramets of less than 5 cm in diameter at breast height, aggregated within 4 patches in a 70 × 50 m plot and also identified 20 genets among these ramets with the use of nuclear microsatellite markers. The size structure of the ramets revealed an inverse J-shaped distribution, suggesting that continuous recruitment of new ramets occurs. However, the number of intermediate-sized ramets (around 10 cm DBH) at the present study site was small, suggesting that most new ramets die while they are still small by pressure from heavy snow. Of the 20 genets, 12 included one or more small-sized ramets, which indicated recent recruitment. Of the 12 genets, 3 included only a single small-sized ramet, which suggested seedling recruitment, whereas the other 9 included multiple ramets (39 small-sized ramets in total), which indicated clonal recruitment. The frequency (9/12) and number (39/9) of recent clonal recruits suggest that clonal reproduction effectively maintains the population of Cryptomeria japonica in snowy regions.

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Bakker, Hans, and Harunaga Isaacson. "The Ramtek Inscriptions II: The Vākāṭaka inscription in the Kevala-Narasiṃha Temple." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 56, no. 1 (February 1993): 46–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x0000166x.

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InThe Ramtek Inscriptions[I] (hereafter RI) mention was made of a Vākāṭaka inscription in the Kevala-Narasiṁha temple on Ramtek Hill, the discovery of which was reported inIAR, 1982–83, 137. The credit for first discussing, as well as editing the text goes to the Director of the Archaeological Survey and Museums of Maharashtra, Dr. A. P. Jamkhedkar. In an article which appeared in 1986 in R. Parimoo (ed.),Vaiṣṇavism in Indian arts and culture(pp. 335–41), Jamkhedkar attributed the inscription to Prabhāvatī Guptā (op. cit., 340), an attribution for which he adduced arguments in a subsequent article that was published in M. S. Nagaraja Rao (ed.),Kusumāñjali, vol. i in 1987 (pp. 217–23).

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Zhou, Tie Gang, Dao Qiang Peng, and Jing Hua Cheng. "Research and Application of Green Rammed Earth Wall Construction Technology." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2780–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2780.

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The traditional rammed earth building refers theses structures which uses tools such as pestle or hammer etc to fill undisturbed soil materials after a simple processing by the method of compacting layer by layer. construction technology of the modern rammed earth mainly makes improvements in terms of rammed earth materials、ramming tools and construction technology which can effectively improve the durability and safety performance of rammed earth building. This article is focusing on how to select scientifically which one is the best rammed earth material and introducing improvement situation about construction technology of rammed earth wall, which combined with researching and practicing of pilot project, under the guidance of the International centre for research and application of earth construction.

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Tolvanen, Anne. "Aboveground growth habits of two Vaccinium species in relation to habitat." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-047.

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Ramet morphology in the deciduous Vaccinium myrtillus L. and the evergreen Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. was compared between the forest and open, clear-felled habitats. Growth habits were measured in terms of branching, shoot mass, bud type, branching angle, and vertical elevation of ramets. New ramets of both species were produced from buds on the below-ground stem. Branching occurred from buds on 1-year-old shoots in young ramets. Aging and flowering induced rejuvenation, i.e., production of new shoots from buds on older shoot generations within the ramets. Sympodial V. myrtillus ramets were more branched than the predominantly monopodial V. vitis-idaea ramets. In ramets of both species, vegetative shoots grew primarily from distal buds in the forest, whereas a greater number of lower buds were activated in the ramets in the open habitat. Vaccinium myrtillus ramets grew more horizontally and had wider branching angles to increase the intercepted radiation in the forest, whereas compact, vertically growing ramets prevailed in the open habitat, where light was not limited. No difference in branch orientation was observed between habitats in V. vitis-idaea. Production of flowers was greater in the open habitat than in the forest in both species. The observed differences in growth habits between forest and open habitat were assumed to indicate high morphological plasticity in both species, allowing the plants to respond rapidly to changed environmental conditions. Key words: architecture, branching, growth habit, shrub, Vaccinium.

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22

Du, Shu Ting, Jin Zhu Ma, and Dong Wang. "Experimental Research on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Modified Rammed Earth Material." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.773.

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Taking the mix proportion of rammed earth dwellings in Anji as the basic standard, the physical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties of rammed earth in various mix proportion have been tested by means of experiments. The results showed that the proportion of hydrated lime added to the rammed earth have a direct influence on the thermal conductivity, specific heat, compressive strength and shear strength of rammed earth specimens, the thermal and mechanical properties of modified rammed earth material is better when hydrated lime in the proportion of 10%～20%.

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23

Crux, Lauren. "Ramble #11, and: Ramble #28: From A Teus Pés." Colorado Review 42, no. 2 (2015): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/col.2015.0082.

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Roiloa, Sergio R., and Rubén Retuerto. "Development, photosynthetic activity and habitat selection of the clonal plant Fragaria vesca growing in copper-polluted soil." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 10 (2006): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06018.

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The ability of clonal systems to spread by ramet production may expose the clone to spatial heterogeneity. This study explored the physiological and morphological responses in the clonal plant Fragaria vesca L. growing in homogeneous (Cu-contaminated or uncontaminated) or in heterogeneous environments with patches of contrasting quality (Cu-contaminated or uncontaminated). We also investigated the potential of this species to selectively establish ramets within a heterogeneous environment. In heterogeneous environments, plants expanded ramets randomly, but selectively established ramets in the favourable patches. We discuss whether the selective establishment of ramets is a consequence of direct suppression of plant growth due to copper toxicity. The assimilate demand from offspring ramets in unfavourable environments increased the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency of parents by a feedback regulation process. Integration ameliorated the effects of copper on the photochemical efficiency of the offspring ramets. We did not observe integration costs, in terms of total biomass, for parents supporting ramets in Cu-contaminated environments, although we did detect costs in terms of ramet production. Parents with offspring ramets in Cu-contaminated environments produced 25 times more reproductive biomass than parents with offspring ramets in uncontaminated environments. We interpret this as a strategy for escaping from stressful environments. In this study, we extend the concept of physiological integration in clonal plants to include photochemical responses.

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Amling, J. W., G. J. Keever, J. R. Kessler, and D. J. Eakes. "Benzyladenine (BA) Promotes Ramet Formation in Hemerocallis." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-25.1.9.

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Abstract In 2000 and 2004, cultivars of Hemerocallis were treated with foliar applications of 2500 or 5000 ppm benzyladenine (BA) for 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 consecutive weeks. In both years, BA increased ramet production of all cultivars although treatment response was cultivar dependent. In 2000, an increasing number of BA applications resulted in ‘Lavinia Love’ and ‘Beguine’ forming 1.6 to 3.2 and 0.7 to 1.1 more ramets, respectively, than control plants at 9 weeks after initial treatment (WAT), regardless of concentration. Increasing BA concentration increased ramet formation by up to one ramet in ‘Beguine’ and up to 3 ramets in ‘Lavinia Love’ at 9 WAT, regardless of the number of applications. At 9 WAT in 2004, increasing weekly applications of BA increased ramet formation in ‘Dainty Deb’ from a mean of 1.3 ramets with one application to a mean of 3.0 ramets with five applications, and in ‘Sarah Sikes hybrid’ from 0.5 ramets with one application to 2.1 ramets with five applications, regardless of concentration. Compared to control plants, ‘Dainty Deb’ increased ramet production by 1.9 ramets and 2.3 ramets at 9 WAT in 2004 when treated with 2500 ppm and 5000 ppm BA, respectively, regardless of the number of applications. Compared to untreated controls, ‘Sarah Sikes hybrid’ formed 1.1 and 1.3 more ramets when treated with 2500 ppm and 5000 ppm BA, respectively.

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Doak, Patricia, Diane Wagner, and Adam Watson. "Variable extrafloral nectary expression and its consequences in quaking aspen." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-137.

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Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are secretory glands most commonly linked to defensive mutualisms. Both a plant’s need for defense and the strength of defense provided by mutualists will vary with plant condition and local insect community. Thus, the benefit of EFNs may vary spatially and temporally. However, little attention has been paid to natural variation in the presence and abundance of EFNs within and among individuals of the same species. Quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx., bear EFNs on a subset of their leaves. Here, we describe patterns of EFN expression on shoots within ramets, among ramets, and among putative clones in interior Alaska. We also examine the relationship between EFN presence and herbivory by both the very abundant aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella Chambers, and less common chewing herbivores. The proportion of leaves bearing EFNs varied from 33% to 87% among distinct aspen stands. Within stands, short (1–2 m height) ramets had higher EFN frequency than their taller (>4 m) neighbors. Patterns of herbivory also differed between short and tall ramets. Compared with leaves without EFNs, those with EFNs suffered less mining damage on short ramets but slightly higher damage on tall ramets. Tall ramets suffered more chewing damage than short ramets, but this damage was unrelated to the presence of EFNs. Our results suggest that variable EFN expression may be explained by variation in the benefits of EFNs. Leaves with EFNs on short ramets benefit through reduction in leaf mining, but this benefit does not extend to tall ramets or other forms of herbivory.

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Mileto, Camilla, Fernando Vegas, Francisco Javier Alejandre, Juan Jesús Martín, and Lidia García Soriano. "Lime-Crusted Rammed Earth: Materials Study." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.9.

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This study analyses the durability of rammed-earth wall construction techniques. The analysis focuses on three medieval masonry types from the Castle of Villavieja (Castellón, Spain) using two variations of lime-reinforced rammed earth in its walls: lime-crusted rammed earth and brick-reinforced rammed earth. Materials analysis reveals the good properties of the materials used in the outer wall facing despite its age. It also clearly shows how deterioration depends more on the construction technique (construction of the wall with a base, cornice, facings, core; on-site installation, bonds, etc.) than on the material itself. These two types of lime-reinforced rammed earth (lime-crusted rammed earth and brick-reinforced rammed earth) are the most common kinds of fortified architecture in the Iberian Peninsula as well as in northern Africa and the Middle East. The case presented herein is therefore highly relevant as it advances our knowledge of the behaviour of the materials comprising these walls and lays the foundations for suitable future conservation works of a vast array of architectural heritage.

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Jacob, S., R. Chathhyan, M. Rajkumar, P. Balavino, and P. Arikrishnan. "Steam Fuel System in Ramjet Engine." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 967–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.967.

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Fuel consumption is more and major drawback in Ramjet. To minimize this problem, different techniques can be adopted. Paper deals with one such technique viz. Steam fuel system. To increase density of fuel this system has greater influence to decrease the fuel consumption at the same time thrust can be enhanced up to a large extend. Paper deals with comparison of fuel consumed in a simple Ramjet and Ramjet with steam fuel system. The experiments are carried out in a simple Ramjet and the corresponding pressure, temperature, velocity reading will be taken to calculate thrust. Similarly the experiments were conducted in Ramjet with steam fuel system and corresponding readings of pressure, temperature, velocity reading will be taken to calculate thrust. The result is expected to be increase in temperature and thrust compare to be simple ramjet.

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Zhang, Yin, Xin Gao, and De Jun Zhao. "Study on Formative Mechanism and Preventive Measures of Rammed Earth Wall Cracks." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2630.

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Rammed earth is a construction form featuring energy saving and economical. However, affected by many factors, the existing rammed earth buildings, in the course of usage, would emerge various forms of cracks. Based on the research findings on rammed earth buildings in northwest, north, central and southwest regions of China, crack forms of rammed earth walls and the formative mechanism were analyzed, in turn corresponding preventive measures were proposed in this article.

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Portela, Rubén, Rodolfo Barreiro, and Sergio R. Roiloa. "Effects of resource sharing directionality on physiologically integrated clones of the invasive Carpobrotus edulis." Journal of Plant Ecology 14, no. 5 (April 20, 2021): 884–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtab040.

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Abstract Aims One of the key traits associated with clonal growth in plants is the capacity for physiological integration, which allows resource sharing between connected ramets within a clonal system. Resource transport is expected to occur following a source–sink relationship: from ramets established in rich patches to ramets growing in poor patches. However, some experiments have shown that acropetal transport (from basal to apical modules) usually exceeds basipetal transport (from apical to basal ramets). In this study, we aimed to determine the resource transport directionality in physiologically integrated modules of the invader Carpobrotus edulis. Methods We conducted two manipulative experiments under common garden conditions that studied the effect of different nutrient levels located at different positions (basal, medial and apical) on connected and disconnected clonal systems of C. edulis. We compared the biomass partitioning patterns and final biomass of ramets to elucidate whether the effect of physiological integration is affected by the directionality of the resource transport. Important Findings Results indicate a prevalent acropetal transport of resources in C. edulis, with a developmentally programmed division of labor where basal ramets were specialized in obtaining soil-based resources and apical ramets specialized in aboveground growth. This biomass partitioning pattern was not affected by the nutrient conditions in which basal or apical ramets were growing, although the highest benefit was achieved by apical ramets growing under the most stressed conditions. This developmentally programmed division of labor is expected to increase the lateral growth of C. edulis, and therefore could have meaningful implications for the expansion of this invasive species.

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Lu, Xiang Ting, and Yuan Ping Liu. "Rammed Earth Construction: A Sustainable Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 3131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3131.

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Abstract. Present concerns for sustainable development have led to a revival of Rammed earth construction using natural or recycled resources. In human history, rammed earth constructions has a long history and wide application. The rammed earth construction is a symbol of the coexistence between mankind and nature, and especially with today’s energy depletion and environmental degradation, it became the focus of attention for its excellent function. The factors contributing to raw soil construction’s bleak prospect are that architect rarely focus on the rammed earth buildings and lack of people to participate in construction system. Since the sustainable development has been a theme of contemporary society, architect and engineer should pain more attention to the rammed earth construction.

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Hoey, Allen. "Didn't He Ramble." Hudson Review 54, no. 1 (2001): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3852818.

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Large;, J. "Rammal Medal Selection." Science 284, no. 5423 (June 25, 1999): 2089d—2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5423.2089d.

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MILIOS, Elias, Elias PIPINIS, Petros PETROU, Sofia AKRITIDOU, Kyriaki KITIKIDOU, and Paulos SMIRIS. "The Influence of Position and Site on the Height Growth of Young Populus tremula L. Ramets in Low Elevation Formations in Northeastern Greece." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40, no. 2 (September 26, 2012): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4028169.

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This study was carried out in the central part of Nestos Valley in northeastern Greece. The main objective was to examine the effect of different position (dominant, suppressed, side-shaded) and site productivities on the height growth of young Populus tremula L. clonal ramets in low elevation formations of the species. Fifty-four ramets growing in different positions and sites were cut and studied. Stem analysis was conducted and the height of each ramet at the age of 10 years was calculated. The main results of this research indicate that the dominant ramets on good productivity sites have greater height at the age of 10 years, when compared with the corresponding ramets on medium productivity sites. On the contrary, in suppressed and side-shaded ramets, there is no statistically significant difference in height at the age of 10 years between the two site types. This pattern indicates that competition is the procedure that characterizes the relationships between ramets in the investigated formations. The heights of dominant P. tremula ramets presented in this study are very satisfactory for the species, compared with the height of P. tremula trees from other regions of the species expansion reported in other studies.

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Wu, Ren Wei, Xing Qian Peng, and Li Zhang. "Influence of Water Contents on Shear Strength of Rammed Earth Wall of Earth-Building." Advanced Materials Research 382 (November 2011): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.172.

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As the "Fujian earth-building" have been inscribed by UNESCO in 2008 as World Heritage Site, attentions of protection about the "Fujian earth-building" has getting more and more. This article takes samples of a rammed-earth wall from Yongding earth-buildings and determines the shear strength of the samples with different water content through triaxial compression tests. The influence on shear strength of water content of rammed-earth samples is analyzed. Test results show that the shear strength of rammed-earth has much to do with the water content of the soil, the greater the water content is，the smaller the shear strength is. With water content increasing, cohesion and internal friction angle of rammed-earth were decreases, and its changing trend is of marked characteristic of stage. When water contents of rammed-earth is under some value, its cohesion changes in small ranges; when water contents of rammed-earth is over the value, its cohesion decreases with water content increasing.

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Nadeau, Léonie B., Jane R. King, and K. Neil Harker. "Comparison of Growth of Seedlings and Plants Grown from Root Pieces of Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)." Weed Science 40, no. 1 (March 1992): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056927.

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Different growth rates of young seedlings (genets) and plants grown from root pieces (ramets) of yellow toadflax could influence their respective competitive ability and their susceptibility to management techniques. Shoot production was similar for genets and ramets (approximately 10 shoots were produced 12 or 13 wk after transplanting or cotyledon appearance, respectively), but the rate of shoot biomass accumulation was higher for genets than for ramets. Genets consistently produced more underground shoots than ramets. Replanted underground shoots separated from their roots were able to produce new shoots and roots. Rate of elongation for roots 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter was higher for ramets than for genets, but their shoot production potential was the same. Root pieces from genets did not have the ability to produce daughter shoots until 3 wk after cotyledon appearance. This indicates that very young genets would be more susceptible than older genets or ramets to management control systems.

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Zhuo, Chang-Fei, Ming-Xiao Wang, Wen-Jin Yao, and Wen-ke Xu. "Numerical investigation on operation characteristic of ramjet projectile." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2017-0072.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the operation performance of the high-speed ramjet kinetic energy projectile using solid fuel ramjet as power plant that is a new short-range and small caliber projectile. Design/methodology/approach The numerical investigation on combustion characteristic of polyethylene in high-speed ramjet kinetic energy projectile is carried out in this paper. The flow characteristics’ differences are analyzed when ramjet works or do not work, and both the combustion characteristics and propulsive performance are analyzed when ramjet works. Findings The results show that with the increase of the abscissa x, the flame front is close to solid fuel surface at first and then keeps away from solid fuel surface. With the increase of the abscissa x, the temperature of solid fuel surface and regression rate of solid fuel continues to increase before re-attachment point and then decreases, which a maximum locate at the re-attachment point. Both the average temperature and the regression rate on the surface of the solid fuel tend to rise as the increase of inflow Mach number. As the inflow of Mach number increases, the mass flow rate of gaseous fuel increases. Practical implications The research results can provide useful database for the subsequent research on high-speed ramjet kinetic energy projectile. Originality/value This paper studies the operation characteristics of the ramjet projectile, especially the effect of the change of the flight velocity on the performance of high-speed ramjet projectile.

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Xu, Liang, Xiao Wu, and Dan Xiang. "Risk expansion of Cr through amphibious clonal plant from polluted aquatic to terrestrial habitats." Open Life Sciences 13, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2018-0051.

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AbstractResource sharing between the connected ramets of clonal plants through physiological integration can increase the tolerance of plants to environmental stress. However, the role of physiological integration in the translocation of heavy-metal pollutants between different habitats receives little attention, especially in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. An amphibious clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides was used to simulate plant expansion from unpolluted soil to a chromium (Cr)-polluted water environment. Basal older ramets growing in unpolluted soil were connected or disconnected with apical younger ramets of the same fragments in polluted environments at different Cr concentrations. Harvested basal ramets were also used for decomposition tests for the loss of residual mass and release of Cr to soil. With increasing Cr concentration there was reduction in biomass of the apical ramets, especially those separated from the basal parts. Cr was detected in the basal ramets with connection to apical parts. The decomposition of plant litter from the basal ramets connected with polluted apical parts might release retained Cr to unpolluted soil. The amount and chemical forms of Cr in the plant litter changed over time. It is concluded that Cr could be transferred from polluted aquatic to unpolluted terrestrial habitats through amphibious clonal plants.

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Zhou, Tiegang, Zaiyu Zhang, Zhifan Su, and Peng Tian. "Seismic performance test of rammed earth wall with different structural columns." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 1 (July 28, 2020): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220944506.

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Rammed earth wall load-bearing dwellings are widely distributed in western China. Rammed earth has the advantages of warm in winter and cool in summer, and it is a kind of sustainable construction material. In recent years, in previous earthquakes, the collapse of rammed earth buildings is serious, resulting in huge losses of personnel and property. To improve the seismic performance of rammed earth buildings and retain the characteristics of local buildings, a reinforcement measure with additional structural columns is proposed in this article. Three kinds of structural columns are designed, which are cast-in-place concrete, square steel tube, and concrete-filled square steel tube core column. Through the quasi-static experimental study on the rammed earth wall, the effects of different structural columns on the failure shape, bearing capacity, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity of the wall are compared. The test results show that adding structural columns on both sides of the wall can effectively restrain the rammed earth wall, restrain its brittle failure, significantly improve the energy dissipation capacity of the wall, and obviously improve the seismic performance of the wall. This measure is applicable to rammed earth buildings and provides theoretical support for improving the seismic performance of traditional dwellings.

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Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Olga Khitun, and Anna Stenström. "Biomass and nutrient responses of a clonal tundra sedge to climate warming." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 12 (December 2005): 1608–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-129.

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We explored how climate change affects biomass, nutrient status, and late-season resource-allocation patterns in a rhizomatous tundra sedge, and how differentiation and development of ramets may constrain plant responses. We simulated climate warming for 5 years at a subarctic–alpine tundra site by using open-top chambers before destructively sampling clonal fragments of the dominant and widespread sedge, Carex bigelowii Torr. ex Schwein. We found differential growth response among ramets to experimental warming, but reduced aboveground tissue nutrient concentrations across entire clonal systems. Warming did not affect biomass allocation within ramets, but it did change biomass allocation among developmental stages and ramet types (i.e., long- and short-rhizome ramets, termed guerrilla and phalanx). A positive warming effect on biomass was mostly confined to mature vegetative ramets and the response of individual plant parts was significantly greater for guerrilla ramets than for phalanx ramets. Despite the differential biomass response, warming significantly reduced nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in aboveground tissues across all developmental stages within the integrated clonal system (10% decrease in green leaf nitrogen concentration, 18%–25% decrease in phosphorus concentration). However, late-season nutrient concentrations in storage organs (rhizomes) were not affected. Nutrient pools significantly increased in mature vegetative ramets, especially those of the guerrilla type, apparently as a result of both redistribution of nutrients among ramets and increased nutrient uptake. At the community level, estimated aboveground biomass per unit area was similar in warmed and control plots. Rhizome and dead-leaf mass and all nutrient pools per unit area were 10%–20% less in warmed plots than in controls. The ecosystem implications of the responses of C. bigelowii, a forage species favoured by a range of herbivores, to warming are a reduction in forage quality without compensation in terms of quantity and, eventually, a reduction in litter quality.

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Wagner, Diane, and Patricia Doak. "Long-term impact of a leaf miner outbreak on the performance of quaking aspen." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 6 (June 2013): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0486.

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The aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella Cham., has caused widespread and severe damage to aspen in the boreal forests of western North America for over a decade. We suppressed P. populiella on individual small aspen ramets using insecticide at two sites near Fairbanks, Alaska, annually for 7 years and compared plant performance with controls. Insecticide treatment successfully reduced leaf damage by P. populiella during most years and had little effect on herbivory by externally feeding invertebrates. By the end of the study, control ramets had suffered a reduction in height and girth relative to treated ramets and to the original, pretreatment size. Control ramets produced smaller leaves during some years and, after 7 years, produced fewer total shoots and leaves than ramets sprayed with insecticide. Treatment did not affect mortality, but at the warmer of the two sites, ramets sustaining ambient levels of leaf mining were significantly more likely to die back to basal sprouts than those treated with insecticide. We conclude that a decade of P. populiella outbreak has caused strongly negative effects on aspen development and the production of aboveground tissues.

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Xucheng Wang, Xucheng Wang, Huadong Cheng Huadong Cheng, and Liang Liu Liang Liu. "Ramsey interaction with transverse decay." Chinese Optics Letters 10, no. 10 (2012): 100201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201210.100201.

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Caro, Yair. "Zero-sum bipartite Ramsey numbers." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 43, no. 1 (1993): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1993.128379.

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Qian, Yongqiang, Deying Li, Lei Han, and Zhenyuan Sun. "Inter-ramet Photosynthate Translocation in Buffalograss under Differential Water Deficit Stress." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 135, no. 4 (July 2010): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.135.4.310.

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Understanding the effect of photosynthate translocation on the shoot density of buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) is very important to improve its turf quality. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of water stress on water transport patterns, endogenous hormone distribution and allocation, and photosynthate allocation for connected buffalograss ramets. Clones from a single parent plant of ‘Texoka’ buffalograss were used to generate three-ramet units. Ramets are members of a clone that are not independent from the parent plant. Each water stress treatment had one of the three ramets cultured in half-strength Hoagland solution with 30% of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of −1.2 MPa ψS, while the other two ramets were kept in half-strength Hoagland solution with ψS of −0.05 MPa. Results indicated that inter-ramet water integration happened when one of the connected ramets was under water stress. Transzeatin riboside content decreased in roots treated with PEG. Abscisic acid content increased in the roots of all treatments compared with the control. Water stress caused a reduction of indole-3-acetic acid content in shoots and roots, especially the ramet stressed. Gibberellic acid content in shoots and roots of all treatments increased compared with the control. Within the control, young ramets were sinks of photosynthate, but translocation toward older ramets was detected using 14CO2 label when the older ramet was under stress. Xylem, phloem, and parenchyma cells were probably involved in the physiological integration of these responses. Fates of connected clonal ramets of buffalograss were interrelated and the agronomic significance of this result should be evaluated further.

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Guo, Wei Tong, and Yan Jie Meng. "Dynamic Analysis on Rammed Soil-Cement Pile Composite Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.569.

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The test on was rammed soil-cement pile composite foundation was done,On the basis of the test. Numerical simulation was analyzed to rammed soil-cement piles.The conclusions were draw from the main frequency,level acceleration, vertical acceleration and influence factors.Theory basis was provided for the study on rammed soil-cement pile composite foundation in the future

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Ma, Jin Zhu, and Shu Ting Du. "Analysis on Ecological Technology and Environment Impact Evaluation of Rammed Earth Residence." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1588.

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Taking rammed earth residence of anji eco-house project in zhejiang province as an example, the ecological building technology used in its material selection, construction method, palisade structure practice, building design was analyzed, environmental impact of rammed earth residence was evaluated from two aspects of energy consumption and CO2 emission. It was found that energy consumption and annual CO2 emissions per area of rammed earth residence is far lower than that of common brick masonry structure residential, it shows the rammed earth residence has good ecological environmental protection performance and is worth to reference in other rural residential construction.

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Zhang, Jia Xian, Yan Na Wang, and Rui Min Liu. "Numerical Simulation on Aerodynamics of Ramjet Projectiles." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.89.

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Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations have been performed to explore the aerodynamic characteristics of ramjet projectiles. The turbulence model used is the RNG k-ε model. The numerical algorithms termed total variational diminishing (TVD) was adopted. The complex wave structures of ramjet projectiles with different architecture at different inflow Mach number were achieved by numerical simulation. The influence of inflow Mach number on aerodynamic characteristics and pressure center of ramjet projectiles were analyzed. Results show that lift coefficient and pressure center increase with the argument of inflow Mach number. Ramjet projectiles with different architecture have different drag coefficient trend.

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Tao, Zhong, Liang Bin Qin, Wen Pan, Xiao Dong Yang, and Yu Bai. "Experimental Research on Raw Soil Structure in Yunnan Province." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1338.

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Experimental study on the behavior of Single Adobe, Rammed Earth Wall, Single modified adobe block, modified adobe wall and Reinforcement of Bamboo Rammed-earth Wall is put forward in this paper. The experiments include compression, shear and bending test of single adobe, and uniaxial lateral loading test of rammed earth and modified adobe wall and reinforcement of bamboo rammed-earth wall. The mechanical properties of the specimens are obtained through test. The test and research will offer a technological support for the Chinese Government started the Rural House Earthquake Safety Project（RHESP）and formulation of the code for seismic design of rural buildings.

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Erickson, V. J., and W. T. Adams. "Mating system variation among individual ramets in a Douglas-fir seed orchard." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 1672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-220.

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Proportions of outcrossed progeny (ti) in five ramets of five clones with variable floral phenology and pollen production were investigated in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchard. Estimates of ti[Formula: see text] were significantly heterogeneous among the five ramets, ranging in value from 0.50 to 1.07. Variation in [Formula: see text] corresponded well with variation among ramets in floral biology. Ramets that flowered much earlier than other individuals in the orchard and (or) had a high degree of synchrony in timing of male and female flowering produced the lowest [Formula: see text].

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Kim, Jinsung, Hyeonggil Choi, Keun-Byoung Yoon, and Dong-Eun Lee. "Performance Evaluation of Red Clay Binder with Epoxy Emulsion for Autonomous Rammed Earth Construction." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092050.

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Existing rammed earth construction methods have disadvantages such as increased initial costs for manufacturing the large formwork and increased labor costs owing to the labor-intensive construction techniques involved. To address the limitations of the existing rammed earth construction methods, an autonomous rammed earth construction method was introduced herein. When constructing an autonomous rammed-earth construction method, an alternative means of assuring the performance at the initial age of the binder in terms of materials is needed. In this study, in order to satisfy the performance of the red clay binder, epoxy emulsion was added to analyze the compressive strength, water loosening, shrinkage, rate of mass change, and microstructure in the range of the initial age. As a result of the analysis, the applicability of the epoxy emulsion was confirmed as a new additive for application to an autonomous rammed-earth construction method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'RAMTEL'

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