Academic literature on the topic 'Ramus Height'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ramus Height"
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Fatima, Fiza, N. D. V. N. Shyam, G. Kiran Kumar, Vaishali Narayen, Paremala Konda, and Sangeetha Sree. "MANDIBULAR PARAMETERS FOR AGE ESTIMATION: A DIGITAL ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPHIC STUDY IN HYDERABAD POPULATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 09 (2024): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/19497.
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Background: Mandible is one of the strongest facial bones, which exhibits great changes in size and morphology during growth and aging. The mandibular ramus and gonial angle in particular show notable alterations with aging. Orthopantomographywhich is a regularly used, non-invasive procedure can be used to assess mandibular morphology with ease. Aim and objectives: To assess the correlation of dimensions of condylar ramus height, coronoid ramus height and gonial angle with chronological age of the individual, andevaluatetheirefficacy in estimating age of the individual. Materials and methods: The study sample included 200 digital orthopantomographs of individuals of diverse age groups. Measurements of condylar ramus height, coronoid ramus height and gonial angle were made on the digital orthopantomographs and data was tabulated. Age estimation formulae were derived for each of the three parameters and age was estimated for each individual using the formulae. Results: No statisticallysignificant difference was found on comparing the chronological age and estimated age obtained using condylar ramus height, coronoid ramus height, and gonial angle. Among the three parameters,coronoid ramus height displayed a statistically significant correlation with chronological age. Conclusion:Present study indicates that coronoid ramus height can be used as a reliable indicator for age estimation.
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Okşayan, Rıdvan, Bayram Asarkaya, Nizamettin Palta, İrfan Şimşek, Oral Sökücü, and Eren İşman. "Effects of Edentulism on Mandibular Morphology: Evaluation of Panoramic Radiographs." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/254932.
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Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological changes of the mandible in edentulous and dentate subjects using panoramic radiographs.Materials and Methods. Panoramic radiographs were divided into the following three groups: Group I (completely edentulous group), Group II (old dentate group) and Group III (young dentate group). The research parameters of gonial angle, condylar height, ramus height, ramus notch depth, and antegonial notch depth were measured on panoramic radiographs. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used to determine significant differences in mandibular morphological parameters among the three groups. The Mann-WhitneyUtest was used to compare the subgroups.Results. Significant differences were found only in ramus height between three groups. According to the Mann-WhitneyUtest, a significant difference was exhibited among Groups I and II in the ramus height parameter. No significant differences were found in the gonial angle, condylar height, ramus notch depth, or antegonial notch depth when comparing the young dentate, old dentate, and completely edentulous subjects.Conclusions. Significant differences were found only in ramus height between the groups. Ramus height may be an indicator that changed by years and tooth loss. It must be considered that ramus height can be decreased in edentulism.
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Xiong, Xin, Qinlanhui Zhang, and Yang Liu. "Correlations between mandibular ramus height and occlusal planes in Han Chinese individuals with normal occlusion: A cross-sectional study." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 11 (January 12, 2022): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/apos_78_2021.
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Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the relationships between ramus height and occlusal planes (OPs) in Han Chinese individuals with normal occlusion. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and four participants with normal occlusion were included and their cephalograms were analyzed. The ramus height (Ar-Go), Frankfort horizontal plane-posterior OP (FH-POP), FH-anterior OP (FH-AOP) and FH-OP, anterior and posterior cranial base length, SNA, SNB, ANB, Frankfort-mandibular plane angle, SN-MP, jaw angle, and mandibular body length were measured on the subjects’ cephalograms. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated among continuous variables. The ramus height was considered as dependent variable and the OPs as independent variables. Age, sex, and other cephalometric parameters were considered as possible confounding factors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether the relationships were significant. Results: The FH-POP and FH-OP were moderately associated with ramus height, while the FH-AOP showed a weak association (P < 0.001). After adjusting age and sex, FH-POP, FH-AOP, and FH-OP showed significant negative associations with ramus height (β = −0.36, −0.28, and −0.37, respectively, P < 0.001). The OP flattened with the ramus height increased. After adjusting all the confounding factors, FH-POP and FH-OP showed significant negative associations with ramus height. The ramus height increased by 0.19 mm/1° flattening of FHPOP (β = −0.19, P = 0.002). Conclusion: After adjust age, sex, and other possible confounding factors, the FH-POP and FH-OP were associated with the ramus height. The flattening of FH-POP was associated with the increase of ramus height. The results should be treated with caution since it’s a cross-sectional study.
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Mohammed Younus and Dr. Naresh Thaduri. "Morphological and Morphometric study of Mandible using Orthopantogram (OPG) in central Indian Population." IAR Journal of Medicine and Surgery Research 4, no. 2 (2023): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47310/iarjmsr.2023.v04i02.04.
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Introduction: The mandible is the biggest bone responsible for holding the lower teeth in place, assisting in mastication, and forming the lower jawline. The mandible is made up of two parts: the body and the ramus, and it is placed below the maxilla. The lower jawline is formed by a horizontally curved section of the body. The rami are two vertical processes that link the body at the angle of the mandible on either side of the body. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 150 digital orthopantogram (OPG’S). A total number of patient’s time of life selected between ranges of 20-60 years of age group. The sample was of 150 subjects. Data was collected from college who will come for OPD. Socio-demography, physical findings on examination during admission. Details of patient, parity, age and gender would be recorded. Results: Mandibular ramus of male Mean (mm)±SD of Minimum ramus breadth was 29.26±3.01 followed by Maximum ramus breadth 34.30±3.31, Maximum ramus height 75.24±5.62, Projective ramus height 69.25±5.54 and Coronoid height 62.49±5.60. Mandibular ramus of female Mean (mm)±SD of Minimum ramus breadth was 27.62±3.62 followed by Maximum ramus breadth 32.36±3.37, Maximum ramus height 70.33±5.34, Projective ramus height 64.20±5.76 and Coronoid height 58.19±5.74. Each of the five variables measured on mandibular ramus using orthopantomograph showed statistically significant gender differences, indicating that ramus expresses strong gender dimorphism. Conclusion: The present study has suggested that the accuracy of gender determination using mandibular measurements of the Indian population can be improved by deriving a discriminant function, which utilizes a combination of the six respective dimensions. Our study showed that minimum ramus breadth and maximum ramus breadth are most accurate in predicting gender on OPG while projective height was least reliable. Orthopantomogram is a reliable and accurate tool to record the various measurements in order to determine the gender of the given mandible.
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Meng, Xianbin, Sen Liu, Zg Wu, and Liangying Guo. "Application of panoramic radiographs in the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders." Medicine 103, no. 5 (2024): e36469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000036469.
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To evaluate the feasibility of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) diagnosis with panoramic radiography, and provide standardized data for artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis by measuring the differences in the condylar and mandibular ramus heights. A total of 500 panoramic radiographs (219 male and 281 female participants) of healthy individuals were examined. The panoramic machine compatible measurement software, SCANORA 5.2.6, was used to measure the bilateral condylar height and mandibular ramus height, and SPSS 27.0 was used to calculate the left- and right-side differences in condylar height and mandibular ramus height of healthy individuals. Magnetic resonance images of the temporomandibular joint region obtained from 46 outpatients in the Stomatology Department were selected along with their corresponding panoramic radiographs. The left- and right-sided differences were measured and compared with the magnetic resonance imaging results. The measurement data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (mm). t Tests were used to analyze data from healthy male and healthy female groups. The findings revealed that while there was no significant difference (P > .05) in the height of the condyle between men and women, there was a significant difference (P < .05) in the height of the mandibular ramus. In healthy population, the difference in height between the left and right condyle was 1.09 ± 0.99 mm. The difference in height of mandibular ramus in men was 1.26 ± 0.85 mm and that in women was 1.19 ± 0.87 mm. For the diagnosis of TMD, the sensitivity of panoramic radiographs was 94.74% (36/38), specificity was 75.00% (6/8), and diagnostic accuracy was 91.30% (42/46). The height of the right and left lateral condyles was not identical in healthy individuals, resulting in a discernible height discrepancy. In addition, the height of the mandibular ramus varied. By considering the left-right lateral height differences identified in this study along with clinical examination, it is possible to employ this metric as a preliminary screening tool for patients with TMD. Further, the use of panoramic radiographs for initial TMD screening is both viable and significant.
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Shaikh, Shamama Farheen, Sana Khan, Gautam Shroff, Vaishali Mandhana, and Pawan Sonawane. "A Comparative Study of Mandibular Ramus Dimensions between Males and Females in Cadavers from Maharashtra." Perspectives in Medical Research 12, no. 2 (2024): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1202.11.
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Abstract Background: The mandible, being a robust bone, remains intact postmortem and can be utilized for gender determination. Morphometric analysis of the mandibular ramus holds significance for anthropologists, anatomists, and prosthetists. This study aims to assess the height and breadth of the mandibular ramus and their association with gender. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 56 cadaveric mandibles (18 female and 38 male). The height and breadth of the mandibular ramus were measured.Results: The mean ± SD for ramus height and breadth on the right side for females was 41.18 ± 4.70 mm and 28.89 ± 2.28 mm, respectively, while on the left side, it was 43.03 ± 3.57 mm and 30.70 ± 7.62 mm, respectively. For males, the mean ± SD for ramus height and breadth on the right side was 47.34 ± 2.88 mm and 33.14 ± 3.26 mm, respectively, while on the left side, it was 47.39 ± 3.88 mm and 32.39 ± 3.85 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The mean ± SD for ramus height and breadth was greater in males than in females. Although this study was conducted on cadaveric mandibles, the mandibular ramus can be utilized for gender determination in medico-legal and forensic cases.Keywords: gender, mandible, morphometry, mandibular ramus
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Singh, Priya, Updender Malik, Mysore K. Sunil, Lakshya Vishnoi, Arpan Manna, and Tanha Khan. "Ramus & gonial angel measurement in sexual dimorphism - A digital panoramic study." Archives of Dental Research 13, no. 2 (2023): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.adr.2023.020.
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Age and sex must be determined for forensic practise and medico-legal objectives. The mandible, which is the most heterogeneous bone in the skull and is frequently found intact, may be a key component in sex assessment. In this regard, the availability of a large number of antemortem orthopantomograms may be very beneficial in researching and creating standards that are population-specific for precise sex and age determination. Determining the value of different mandibular ramus linear and gonial angle measures as sex and age markers on digital panoramic pictures was the goal of the current investigation. This retrospective study was conducted on 600 orthopantomogram of patients of both gender with age group of 18 to 50 years. The selected JPEG images of the digital OPG’s were converted to PDF format and exported to Adobe Acrobat Reader software on an HP Laptop for assessment of linear and angular measurements. The parameters employed in the current study were projective ramus height (PRH), condylar ramus height (CNNRH), coronoid ramus height (CRRH), upper ramus breadth (URB), lower ramus breadth (LRB), bigonial width (BW) and gonial angle (GA). The right PRH, CRRH, CNRH, URB, LRB and bigonial width were higher in males as compared to females similarly left PRH, CNRH, CRRH, URB were higher in males as compared to females with a statistically significant P value (0.001) It was concluded from the current study that various parameters, including the projective ramus height, minimum ramus breath, and coronoid ramus height, could be very helpful in determining gender.
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Shakya, Tripti, Anjana Maharjan, and Leeza Pradhan. "Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Ramus for Sex Determination on Orthopantomogram." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 20, no. 01 (2022): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v20i01.3822.
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Background: Mandible is the strongest and most dimorphic bone of skull which resists postmortem changes and plays an important role in sex determination. Skeletal characteristic differ in different population therefore need of population specific studies. The aim of present study was to determine sex by morphometric analysis of mandibular ramus. Methods: A cross sectionalstudy was performed in orthopantomogram of patients collected from Dental Department of Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. One hundred and fifty digital orthopantomogram of patient fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the study. Five different mandibular parameters (maximum ramus breadth, minimum ramus breadth, condylar height/maximum ramus height, projective height of ramus, and coronoid height) were measured bilaterally resulting in total 300 rami being assessed. Orthopantomogram were made with Planmeca ProMax classic 2D machine and all the measurements on digital radiograph were performed with Planmeca Romexis viewer software version 5.1.0.R. Discriminant function analysis was performed to find the most significant predictors for determining sex. Results: All the measured mandibular parameters were statistically significantly higher in male than females (P<0.001). Condylar height was the most significant predictors for determining sex. The discriminate function equation was derived to determine sex with an overall accuracy of 84.0%. Conclusions: Morphometric analysis of mandibular ramus using digital orthopantomogram showed a high sexual dimorphism. Keywords: Discriminant function analysis; mandibular ramus; orthopantomogram; sexual dimorphism.
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Mahajan, Roshni, Rakesh Thukral, Ashish Garg, Amit Tripathi, and Amit Singh Choudhary. "Comparison and correlation between mandibular morphology among diferent vertical growth patterns: A cephalometric study." Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics 6, no. 1 (2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jco.2022.003.
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: In the field of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, in-depth knowledge of mandibular morphology and different types of growth pattern is essential to reach to ideal treatment for every patient.To compare antegonial notch depth, symphysis morphology and ramus morphology among different growth patterns. 2) To correlate antegonial notch depth with other parameters of mandibular morphology.: In this study, lateral cephalogram of total 90 patients were traced. The sample was divided into horizontal, average and vertical growth pattern based on Jarabak’s ratio. The antegonial notch depth, symphysis morphology (i.e. its height, depth, ratio and angle) and ramus morphology (its height and width) were evaluated and analysed statistically. The symphysis ratio is the ratio of symphysis height to symphysis width. : This study revealed that antegonial notch depth, symphysis angle and ramus height shows statistically significant difference among different growth patterns. In vertical growth pattern, antegonial notch depth is positively correlated with symphysis height, symphysis depth, ramus height and ramus width whereas it is negatively correlated with symphysis ratio and symphysis angle and exactly opposite is true for horizontal growing individuals. : This study concluded that there is correlation between mandibular morphology and growth pattern of an individual.
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Atta ur Rehman, Tariq Ahmad, Sana Mushtaq, Brekhna Murad, and Muslim Khan. "EFFECTS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ANKYLOSIS ON DENTITION AND RAMUS HEIGHT." Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry 12, no. 1 (2022): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v12i1.88.
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Objective:To determine dentition related problems in patients with TMJ ankylosis and to establish effect of TMJ ankylosis on ramus height.Material and method:This descriptive study was conducted at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar Pakistan, from July 2020 to July 2021. Medical records and Cone beam computed tomography of 20 patients with the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint ankylosis were included in the study.Results: Most of the patients presented with unilateral TMJ ankylosis (n=15, 75%) In unilateral ankylosis, the affected side ramus and body (4.89cm, 7.63cm respectively) were less than the non-affected sides (5.54cm, 8.15cm) respectively. Dentition crowding with malposed teeth was present in all bilateral TMJ ankylosis patients and 9 patients in unilateral cases. Conclusion:This study established the effect of TMJ ankylosis on the dentition and ramus height. The height of the ramus was deficient on the affected side and the erupted teeth were crowded in most of the patients.
Book chapters on the topic "Ramus Height"
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Lakshmi, Sharmela, Taniya Mary Martin, Meenakshi Sundaram, Lavanya Prathap, and Abirami Arthanari. "Sex Determination using Mandibular Ramus Height in Chennai Population using OPG—A Retrospective Study." In Case Studies on Holistic Medical Interventions. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003596684-60.
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Bassler, Sibylle. "„Führen heißt: Raus aus der Kuschelecke“." In Auswahl von Männern und Frauen als Führungskräfte. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09469-0_53.
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Marjanović, Miloš, Biljana Abolmasov, Jelka Krušić, and Uroš Đurić. "Regional Debris Flow Hazard Assessment of the Grdelica Gorge (Serbia)." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 3 Issue 1, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55120-8_15.
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AbstractRoad infrastructure development is currently very intensive in Serbia. One such example is the Grdelica Gorge, where a new highway was aligned and put into service in 2019. The Gorge has provided a very challenging engineering environment imposing high levels of several hazard types: floods; slides; debris flows; and rockfalls. In this work, the debris flow hazard for the first 15 km of the road route was in focus. The assessment included an expert-driven analysis for identifying potential source areas, coupled with deterministic modelling of the flowing process originating from these source areas, resulting in detailed simulations of the final runout distance, height of deposit, and flow velocity, which are all reliable parameters for mitigating the hazard across the road alignment. A combination of geomorphological criteria, processed in a GIS environment was used to narrow down the search of source areas containing loose, erodible material which easily mobilizes under saturated conditions. The criteria were calibrated by the outlines of the available inventory, acquired by remote sensing techniques. The Digital Terrain Model with 12.5 m resolution was used for running RApid Mass Movement Simulation (RAMMS), using estimated bulk density and friction coefficients as input parameters. Since there was no recent debris flow in the area for the appropriate back-analysis of these parameters, experience-and lab-based estimations were used. Several simulations have reached the road alignment, wherein a few imposed significant threats with respect to deposit height and velocity that require additional attention.
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Rinaldi, Marco, Scott D. Ganz, and Angelo Mottola. "Bone Defects in Thickness and Height, Harvesting Bone From Mandibular Body and Ascending Ramus." In Computer-Guided Applications for Dental Implants, Bone Grafting, and Reconstructive Surgery (Adapted Translation). Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-27803-4.15028-7.
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Vieira, Camila Silvério Carvalho, Jefferson de Sá Buso, Geovana Pires da Silva, and Roberto Bernardino Júnior. "Anthropometric analysis of human mandibles as an anatomical structure for sex determination." In Current Challenges in Dentistry: Theory and Clinical Practice. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2023.005-006.
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Forensic identification after fatalities is difficult in the face of cadaveric decomposition, and recognition by the bone is the first to be provided with the opportunity to define the sex of the skeleton analyzed. Recent studies have shown that the mandible can be used as a parameter in sexual diagnosis because it is susceptible to masticatory muscle activity, and that this is different between genders. However, it should be noted that ethnic factors also affect the shape of the jaw. The objective of this study was to develop a regional pattern of sex determination, based on the mandible, through the analysis of ante- and post-mortem materials of the population of interest. The following panoramic radiographs were analyzed in 386 panoramic radiographs: ramus height, body height, chin height, mental foramen height, distance between condyles, distance between mandibular angles, distance between coronoid processes, distance between mental foramina, branch width, incensure width, mandibular length at the chin angle, distance between the mental foramen and the chin, distance between the mental foramen and the branch, position of the mental foramen in relation to the posterior teeth, and presence of flexure at the posterior border of the branch at the level of the occlusal plane. The results were evaluated through statistical tests and the patterns recognized for the region of interest were tested in macerated jaws. It is concluded that the definition of male mandibles is given by the distance between the condyles and the mandibular angles, while female mandibles are determined by the distance between the coronoid processes and by the mandibular lengths of the marrow angle bilaterally.
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Beňo, Michal. "ICR: Idiopathic Condylar Resorption." In Diagnosing and Managing Temporomandibular Joint Conditions [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005133.
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Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is a localized, non-inflammatory degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) characterized by osteolysis that leads to the destruction of the mandibular condyles. The etiology of ICR is still unknown. Possible risk factors have already been identified, including orthognathic surgery. This condition is more common in women than men. Radiographic study in these cases indicates a diminished condylar head volume, decreased ramus height, change in condylar shape, and progressive Class II basal bone relationship. Computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) are suitable for diagnosing initial ICR manifestation and progression. Drugs and occlusal splint therapy represent a conservative form of treatment. Arthroscopy and arthrocentesis can help reduce pain and improve joint function. In advanced stages of ICR, total joint replacement may be necessary. The approach to treating ICR cases should be individualized and based on the extent of the disease process. There are a number of patients with ICR who are best treated with total joint replacement (TJR).
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"Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America." In Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America, edited by Ulrich G. Reinhardt, Thomas Binder, and D. Gordon McDonald. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874134.ch6.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Low-head barriers against invasive sea lampreys <em>Petromyzon marinus</em> in the Great Lakes are designed to maintain a minimum crest height of 30 cm and have a lip on the crest to prevent them from climbing over the barrier. We tested the ability of migratory-phase sea lampreys to scale inclined ramps with shallow (0.7–5 cm) water depth. We predicted that sea lampreys would jump the barrier and that their ability to attach would increase passage success. A recirculating flume and ramp with a vertical height of 10–30 cm and an inclination between 308 and 608 were used to evaluate lamprey climbing ability. Lampreys trying to scale the ramp were monitored by passive integrated transponder tag readers and low-light video cameras. No lampreys were observed jumping out of the water to scale a barrier. Independent of ramp angle, no fish passed over a 30-cm ramp. Lampreys often attached themselves to the ramp, but without a gain of vertical height between repeated attempts. The success rate at lower ramp heights varied between 0% (15 cm height, 308 angle) and 63% (10 cm height, 608 angle). Only ramps shorter than half the body length of the lampreys could be surmounted. Apparently, the lampreys had to have their dorso-ventral fins fully submerged in the downstream pool to create enough propulsion to scale a ramp in burst-swimming mode. An analysis of 1,300 passage attempts in a field-validation experiment showed a greater apparent motivation to move up a ramp but reconfirmed our laboratory findings on passage technique and maximum performance. We conclude that sea lamprey barrier height could be further reduced and that an overhanging lip is not necessary as sea lampreys neither climb nor jump over barriers. A ramp with a shallow inclination and moderate vertical height and water flow is a new design suggestion for a barrier that blocks sea lampreys and may allow other fish species to pass.
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Rameš, Martin, and Pavel Surynek. "Reaching New Heights in Multi-Agent Collective Construction." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia240921.
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We propose a new approach for multi-agent collective construction, based on the idea of reversible ramps. Our ReRamp algorithm utilizes reversible side-ramps to generate construction plans for ramped block structures higher and larger than was previously possible using state-of-the-art planning algorithms, given the same building area. We compare the ReRamp algorithm to similar state-of-the-art algorithms on a set of benchmark instances, where we demonstrate its superior computational speed. We also establish in our experiments that the ReRamp algorithm is capable of generating plans for a single-story house, an important milestone on the road to real-world multi-agent construction applications.
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Z. Dlomo, Mhlengani, Cyprial N. Ncobela, and Nokuthula W. Kunene. "Social Dominance in South African Indigenous Zulu Rams." In Animal Husbandry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103014.
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Social ranking is usually caused by limited access to resources such as feed, water as well as mating partners. In rams, social dominance is mostly related to physical traits such as body weight, horn size, body length and scrotal circumference. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between physical traits of Zulu sheep rams and the establishment of social rankings. The social dominance rank was determined by a feed competition test using rams of the same age. Physical traits such as body weight, chest girth, horn length, scrotal circumference and withers height were measured for each ram. Sheep A was ranked first with a 100% number of wins (P < 0.01) followed by sheep E with an 86% number of wins (P < 0.05). A positive linear relationship between time spent on the feeder against the number of wins was not significant (P > 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the proportions of wins against horn length (P < 0.05) and chest girth length (P < 0.05). Time spent at the feeder was positively correlated with body weight and withers height (P < 0.05). Social dominance in Zulu sheep can be determined by particular physical traits such as horn length and chest girth.
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Andrews-Larson, Christine, Matthew Mauntel, David Whalley, Jessica L. Smith, and Wendi Davis. "Module #8: Ratios and Proportions: Rollercoasters and Ramps." In Mathematics Integrated with Computer Science through Scratch: Curricular Modules for the Middle Grades. Florida State Open Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsop_csimms0324student.mod08.
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Many quantities are related proportionally in the real world. In this module, students come to reason about proportional relationships in the context of (straight) segments of roller coasters that have the same steepness. Further, students come to reason about the constant of proportionality as a single number that describes the steepness of a ramp (by characterizing how many times as large the height is as the length of the base of a ramp). At the end of the module, students apply this idea graphically in the context of deals for buying chicken wings.
Conference papers on the topic "Ramus Height"
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Setyawan, Erwin, and Rizki Indah Alifiani. "Frontal sinus index size and mandibular ramus height on cephalometric radiography as a parameter for determining gender." In THE 1ST NEW DENTAL RESEARCH EXHIBITION AND MEETING (NEW DREAM) 2023. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0215938.
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Zhou, Wenwu, and Hui Hu. "An Experimental Study on Film Cooling Performance Behind Barchan Dune-Shaped Ramps Using PSP and PIV Techniques." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43781.
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A novel Barchan-dune-assisted film cooling configuration was proposed and examined in present study. The effects of mass flux ratio, location, and height of Barchan dunes on film cooling effectiveness were investigated in great detail using the Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques. The PSP measurement results showed that the Barchan-dune-assisted film cooling configuration (H=0.5D, DB=−0.9D) can greatly enhance the film cooling effectiveness for flow from a cylindrical hole in relatively high mass flux ratio (M>0.85), which was explained by the PIV results in this study. Meanwhile the effects of Barchan dune location and height indicated that the film cooling performance of the Barchan-dune-assisted configuration is closely related to the height and location of the dune. It is wiser to choose Barchan dune of H=0.5D when it is placed upstream of the coolant hole, however the H=0.3D configuration is a better choice for placing the dune downstream.
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Marquis, Brian, and Robert Greif. "Dynamic Wheel-Rail Forces on Mismatched Joints With Ramps." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5734.
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The discontinuity between rail ends at a joint creates dynamic wheel-rail forces (i.e. high impact forces and wheel unloading) that can result in a range of problems including wear, deterioration, and early failure of the track structure, its components, and passing equipment. The response and magnitude of the dynamic wheel-rail forces generated at joints depend upon the form of the discontinuity (e.g. battered rail ends, ramps, gaps, mismatches, etc.) and the support condition. Joints with battered rail ends, which result from degradation due to repeated impact loading, have been extensively analyzed using closed form expressions developed by Jenkins [1] to estimate P1 and P2 impact forces. While appropriate for analyzing joints with battered rail ends, P1 and P2 forces are not directly applicable to other forms of discontinuity at joints such as mismatches in which the rail ends are offset vertically when installed. Under certain circumstances, railroads are introducing ramps (by grinding or welding) to reduce the mismatch discontinuity and produce a smoother transition in order to mitigate these dynamic wheel-rail forces. In this paper, analyses are conducted to estimate dynamic wheel-rail forces at joints having ramps and mismatches of various sizes using simplified models along with detailed NUCARS models for comparative purposes. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Track Safety Standards (49 CFR Part213) [2] limit the maximum mismatch at joints by Track Class in order to minimize the impact forces which deteriorate the track structure, its components, and equipment, and may ultimately lead to derailment. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effects of ramp length, direction of travel, mismatch height, and equipment speed (track class). Plots of primary shock-response-spectrum (maximum impact force on the ramp), residual shock-response-spectrum (maximum impact force after the ramp), and minimum wheel force (i.e. wheel unloading) are developed to provide guidelines on ramp length (H-rule) in order to control the maximum force by track class.
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Buffaz, Nicolas, and Isabelle Trébinjac. "Impact of Tip Clearance Size and Rotation Speed on the Surge Onset in a High Pressure Centrifugal Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68427.
Full textAbstract:
The results presented in the paper aim at investigating the impact of tip clearance size and rotation speed on the surge onset in a transonic single-stage centrifugal compressor composed of a backswept splittered unshrouded impeller and a vaned diffuser. For that purpose, various slow throttle ramps into surge were conducted from 100% to 60% design speed of the compressor and two different tip clearance heights were investigated. The 1MW LMFA-ECL test rig was used to carry out the tests in the compressor stage. Unsteady pressure measurements up to 150 KHz were carried out in the inducer (i.e. the entry zone of the impeller between the main blade leading edge and the splitter blade leading edge) and in the diffuser thanks to nine and fifteen static pressure sensors respectively. At cruise rotation speed (92.7% of the nominal rotation speed), the surge is triggered by a boundary layer separation on the diffuser vane suction side whatever the tip clearance height may be. No precursor of surge or pre-surge activity has been recorded in the diffuser or in the impeller. The surge reveals a spike-type inception and the tip clearance increase does not change the path into instability. At lower rotation speeds high frequency disturbances (nearly half the BPF) have been recorded in the inducer before surge. These disturbances can be understood as “tip clearance rotating disturbances” because they are generated at the leading edge of the main blades and move along the tip clearance trajectory. These disturbances reveal a very unstable behavior while the compressor runs into a stable operating point even if the flow at the tip of impeller is dramatically affected by these disturbances. But these disturbances do not trigger the surge which always originates in the diffuser.
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Čukić, Aleksandar, Božidar Milošević, Željko Savić, and Ljiljana Anđušić. "Variability of morphological and growth characteristics of the Wurttemberg sheep breed." In Zbornik radova 26. medunarodni kongres Mediteranske federacije za zdravlje i produkciju preživara - FeMeSPRum. Poljoprivredni fakultet Novi Sad, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/femesprumns24008c.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to determine and present the basic characteristics of Wurttemberg sheep, which includes analyzes of the characteristics of body measurements of sheep, with detailed statistical analysis, in order to define the degree of variability of characteristics, as well as to investigate environmental influences (sex, year birth, season and type of birth) on the examined traits using general linear method and estimating genetic parameters for lamb growth traits, using BreedR software package in R statistical programming environment. The research was conducted on a sample of 964 sheep, 860 females and 104 males. The following morphological characteristics were examined: Height to withers, body length, girth of chest, depth of chest, witdh of chest, width of pelvic and circumference of the testicles of rams. From the physiological traits, i.e. production traits, the following were examined: body weight at birth, body weight at 30 days and body weight at 90 days of age, i.e. weight at weaning, weight in the first year and weight at 3 years. The results of the research showed that the characteristics of the body measurements of sheep and rams, are similar or equal to the characteristics that are standard for the breed, while in sheep the height to withers and the girth of chest were at lower values than the standard. Body weight values in the first as well as at the age of three were at the level of breed standards, while the weight of lambs at birth was lower than the standard. Sex and year of birth had a statistically highly significant (** = P <0.001) influence on all examined morphological traits, while in addition to these factors, body lenght was influenced by the type of birth and width of chest by birth season. The year and type of birth had a statistically highly significant (** = P <0.001) influence on the growth characteristics of lambs, while the sex and year of birth had influence on body weight in the first year as well as at the age of 3 years. Heritability was at the level of medium values, for the trait of body weight at birth 0.30, for body weight at 30 days 0.23, the highest for body weight at weaning 0.38.
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van Dyck, Stephen, and Scott Crawford. "Grand Avenue Traverse: Uniting Accessibility, Utilities and Economy Into a New Experience." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.181.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The Grand Avenue Pedestrian Bridge spans 85m from a park and residential neighborhood to a developing waterfront district that is 24m below. The bridge carries sewer, storm, and water utilities over rail lines and a highway while passing under power lines. The bridge’s east landing is on a landslide prone steep slope. On the west the bridge lands on a new concrete stair and elevator tower that rests on soil that is regularly infil- trated with seawater.</p><p>The design concept uses the constraints of the project to create a unique moment that is both utilitarian and unexpected. By sloping the truss to drop 4.8% towards the west, a set of accessible ramps are created on the top, side, and interior of a box-truss style bridge. Traversing 7m of elevation through accessible paths allowed the design team to minimize the height of the elevator and therefore moment into the foundations, critical for a site that is seismically active and located in seawater infiltrated soil.</p><p>Material choices for the bridge and throw barrier were based on considerations of durability and mainte- nance. Weathering steel is used for the primary truss members, painted steel for members located under the deck, and bare aluminum panels with a custom CNC cut perforation form the guardrail and throw barrier. All of the elements come together as a unified experience.</p>
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Cogan, Alexander I. "Discrimination between a smooth and jagged temporal edge." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.ths5.
Full textAbstract:
When field luminance rises or falls quickly, the temporal course of the change must be difficult, if not impossible, for perception to follow. This proposition is formally rooted in the well-known studies of two-pulse interactions at threshold; it is supported by a study by Crawford that deals with spatially coextensive, suprathreshold luminance changes.1 The present experiment measured direction-reversal thresholds and assessed observers' sensitivities to a sharp alteration in the temporal course of a luminance change. Luminance was incremented or decremented uniformly over the entire extent of the field (7.5° diameter). The magnitude of change was constant at 75 cd/m2 (50% of base luminance). The rate of change was maximum with the steepest ramp (time: 6.6 ms), and it was at minimum with the shallowest ramp (time: 280 ms). The test stimulus was a "zigzag" produced by a ramp disfigured by a step in the opposite direction to that of the ramp; the step always occurred at the half-height of the ramp. by means of a 2AFC stair-case procedure, the magnitude of the step was varied until the observer could discriminate between a smooth ramp and a zigzag (about 79% correct rate): (1) With ramp time 20 ms or less, the mean magnitude of the reversal at threshold was 78.5 cd/m2. (2) As ramp time became longer than 40 ms, reversal thresholds quickly fell, to a minimum of 6 cd/m2. (3) Thresholds were usually sign-dependent (lower with negative-going ramps) but not with either the steepest or the shallowest ramp. Apparently, linear systems analysis can account for some, but not all, of these results.
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Oyadiji, S. Olutunde, and Eugene Lai. "Predicting the Traction Force Requirements of Wheeled Mobile Robots Traversing Obstacles." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35664.
Full textAbstract:
The analytical models of a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) are often derived based on the assumption that the surface on which it manoeuvres is free from any irregularities. However, the wheels of a WMR are likely to encounter small but unavoidable obstacles. The interaction between stationary obstacles and the wheels of the mobile robot can adversely affect the stability of the payload as well as the robot’s handling control. The limited understanding of the mechanism of wheel-obstacle interaction and its implication on the overall dynamics of a WMR has hindered the development of control tools that may be used to limit the adverse effects of traversing surface irregularities. In this paper, vectorial mechanics approach is used to model the dynamics of wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) travelling over localised surface irregularities. This model is employed in conjunction with temporal trajectory functions to compute the traction force requirements of WMRs traversing obstacles of specified profiles. The obstacles are in the form of sinusoidal humps which are decomposed into positive and negative sinusoidal ramps. It is shown that a compromise can be obtained between the minimum times requirement for obstacle traversing, the traction force requirements, and the geometrical properties of the obstacles. The traction force can become negative which implies the need to switch to a braking action. This switch between the traction mode and braking mode of the actuators can be prevented if an optimal time for the obstacle traversing is selected a-priori. It is also shown that the relationship between the traction or breaking force magnitude and the manoeuvre time is non-linear and that the traction force requirements are much greater at small manoeuvre times than at big manoeuvre times. In addition, it is shown that the grade of an obstacle, which depend on its length and height, affect the traction requirements.
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Williams, Dara, and Kevin Purcell. "Optimisation of Conductor System Design to Minimise Wellhead Fatigue Issues." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10829.
Full textAbstract:
Current market trends in the construction of newbuild drilling rigs indicate that the market is driven by demand for ultra-deepwater capacity semi-submersible rigs and drillships. These drilling vessels have capacity to drill in water depths of up to 12,000ft and possibly beyond in the near future. With increase in water depth capacity, more complex and heavier BOP stacks are required. Many modern drilling vessels are now incorporating BOPs with capacities of 20ksi pressure and up to 7 shear/seal rams incorporated. This leads to increased height and weight in the BOP. Whilst newbuild drilling vessels will be required to operate in water depths from 1,500ft to 12,000ft whilst on DP mode, deepwater semi-submersible drilling rigs will also have capability for operation in water depths <1,500ft using conventional mooring. Recent experience with modern deepwater rigs with large BOP stacks in water depth of 1,500ft or less suggests increased risk of fatigue when compared to 3rd generation rigs. If future trends continue with larger BOP stacks being designed then the problem of wellhead fatigue with modern deepwater drilling vessels is likely to become more acute. As noted in previous studies the water depth at drillsite has a major impact on the level of fatigue accumulated in the wellhead system. The main driver for this has been found to be the height and weight of the BOP. With requirements for newbuild drilling rigs for 12,000ft water depth capacity being the industry norm, and with increased requirements for BOP functionality, the gap between wellhead loading from 3rd generation and 6th generation rigs is widening. Given that many 3rd generation rigs will likely be decommissioned in the coming years then the usage of 6th generation rigs for shallow water operations will only become more commonplace due to rig availability. Thus, unless market conditions dictate the construction of smaller and lighter BOP stacks, the design of shallow water wells will be critical to ensure fatigue loading on the wellhead and conductor is kept to a minimum. This paper presents a summary of the results of a series of parameter studies carried out to assess a range of options for optimisation of casing and conductor design for 6th generation rigs in shallow water. Various recommendations are made as part of this study as to the addition of supplemental casing and conductor strings of varying sizes and wall thickness to ensure a robust conductor system design for fatigue performance.
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Bachelder, Edward. "An Alternative Forcing Function for Identifying Pilot Frequency Response Using a Series of Mesas." In Vertical Flight Society 75th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14561.
Full textAbstract:
The command inputs selected for system identification (SYSID) are dictated by numerous factors, some of which include: 1) The frequency range of interest; 2) The capability of the system to sustain the inputs; 3) The capability of the system to remain 'agnostic' to future inputs. When the elements comprising, the system being identified are all electro-mechanical, frequency sweeps, sum-of-sines, and impulsive inputs are standard identification techniques. However, when human manual control becomes an element of the system, the second and third factors are key considerations. Sum-of-sines (SOS) has been used extensively for identifying human control dynamics as it provides an input that is perceived by the pilot as random and focuses power at discrete frequencies. A disadvantage of SOS is the attentional demand it requires from the human operator, which limits the duration of an identification run to typically around one minute. This in turn constrains the lowest frequencies that can be identified, and multiple consecutive runs can lead to operator fatigue and performance degradation. Discrete inputs such as ramps have been employed with human-in-loop testing, but only with regard to Handling Qualities and performance testing. This work examines discrete inputs as a method for human-in-loop SYSID. An experiment was conducted using two terrain profiles: 1) Pop-up (POP), where four mesas (hills) of varying height, slope, and plateau length were unevenly spaced on flat terrain; 2) Sum-of-sines (SOS), where the terrain was comprised of the sum of eleven non-harmonically-related sine waves, so that the contour was perceived as varying randomly. The task for both terrain types was to maintain 20 feet above the ground using pitch (airspeed was fixed at 35 knots) for each run. Bedford workload ratings were collected after each run. Both terrain profiles produced approximately the same open-loop frequency responses, and their coherences were not significantly different. However, the Bedford ratings showed the POP profile was significantly easier to execute than SOS. The POP technique thus presents a less demanding, more appealing, and potentially more consistent way for eliciting frequency information relating to pilot gain, stability, and time delay.