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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ramus Height

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ramus Height'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ramus Height"

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Fatima, Fiza, N. D. V. N. Shyam, G. Kiran Kumar, Vaishali Narayen, Paremala Konda, and Sangeetha Sree. "MANDIBULAR PARAMETERS FOR AGE ESTIMATION: A DIGITAL ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPHIC STUDY IN HYDERABAD POPULATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 09 (2024): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/19497.

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Background: Mandible is one of the strongest facial bones, which exhibits great changes in size and morphology during growth and aging. The mandibular ramus and gonial angle in particular show notable alterations with aging. Orthopantomographywhich is a regularly used, non-invasive procedure can be used to assess mandibular morphology with ease. Aim and objectives: To assess the correlation of dimensions of condylar ramus height, coronoid ramus height and gonial angle with chronological age of the individual, andevaluatetheirefficacy in estimating age of the individual. Materials and methods:

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Okşayan, Rıdvan, Bayram Asarkaya, Nizamettin Palta, İrfan Şimşek, Oral Sökücü, and Eren İşman. "Effects of Edentulism on Mandibular Morphology: Evaluation of Panoramic Radiographs." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/254932.

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Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological changes of the mandible in edentulous and dentate subjects using panoramic radiographs.Materials and Methods. Panoramic radiographs were divided into the following three groups: Group I (completely edentulous group), Group II (old dentate group) and Group III (young dentate group). The research parameters of gonial angle, condylar height, ramus height, ramus notch depth, and antegonial notch depth were measured on panoramic radiographs. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used to determine significant differences in mandibu

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Xiong, Xin, Qinlanhui Zhang, and Yang Liu. "Correlations between mandibular ramus height and occlusal planes in Han Chinese individuals with normal occlusion: A cross-sectional study." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 11 (January 12, 2022): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/apos_78_2021.

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Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the relationships between ramus height and occlusal planes (OPs) in Han Chinese individuals with normal occlusion. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and four participants with normal occlusion were included and their cephalograms were analyzed. The ramus height (Ar-Go), Frankfort horizontal plane-posterior OP (FH-POP), FH-anterior OP (FH-AOP) and FH-OP, anterior and posterior cranial base length, SNA, SNB, ANB, Frankfort-mandibular plane angle, SN-MP, jaw angle, and mandibular body length were measured on the subjects’ cephalograms. Pears

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Mohammed Younus and Dr. Naresh Thaduri. "Morphological and Morphometric study of Mandible using Orthopantogram (OPG) in central Indian Population." IAR Journal of Medicine and Surgery Research 4, no. 2 (2023): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47310/iarjmsr.2023.v04i02.04.

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Introduction: The mandible is the biggest bone responsible for holding the lower teeth in place, assisting in mastication, and forming the lower jawline. The mandible is made up of two parts: the body and the ramus, and it is placed below the maxilla. The lower jawline is formed by a horizontally curved section of the body. The rami are two vertical processes that link the body at the angle of the mandible on either side of the body. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 150 digital orthopantogram (OPG’S). A total number of patient’s time of life selected between ranges of 20-60

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Meng, Xianbin, Sen Liu, Zg Wu, and Liangying Guo. "Application of panoramic radiographs in the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders." Medicine 103, no. 5 (2024): e36469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000036469.

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To evaluate the feasibility of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) diagnosis with panoramic radiography, and provide standardized data for artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis by measuring the differences in the condylar and mandibular ramus heights. A total of 500 panoramic radiographs (219 male and 281 female participants) of healthy individuals were examined. The panoramic machine compatible measurement software, SCANORA 5.2.6, was used to measure the bilateral condylar height and mandibular ramus height, and SPSS 27.0 was used to calculate the left- and right-side differences in condyla

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Shaikh, Shamama Farheen, Sana Khan, Gautam Shroff, Vaishali Mandhana, and Pawan Sonawane. "A Comparative Study of Mandibular Ramus Dimensions between Males and Females in Cadavers from Maharashtra." Perspectives in Medical Research 12, no. 2 (2024): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1202.11.

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Abstract Background: The mandible, being a robust bone, remains intact postmortem and can be utilized for gender determination. Morphometric analysis of the mandibular ramus holds significance for anthropologists, anatomists, and prosthetists. This study aims to assess the height and breadth of the mandibular ramus and their association with gender. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 56 cadaveric mandibles (18 female and 38 male). The height and breadth of the mandibular ramus were measured.Results: The mean ± SD for ramus height and breadth on the right side for females was 41.

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Singh, Priya, Updender Malik, Mysore K. Sunil, Lakshya Vishnoi, Arpan Manna, and Tanha Khan. "Ramus & gonial angel measurement in sexual dimorphism - A digital panoramic study." Archives of Dental Research 13, no. 2 (2023): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.adr.2023.020.

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Age and sex must be determined for forensic practise and medico-legal objectives. The mandible, which is the most heterogeneous bone in the skull and is frequently found intact, may be a key component in sex assessment. In this regard, the availability of a large number of antemortem orthopantomograms may be very beneficial in researching and creating standards that are population-specific for precise sex and age determination. Determining the value of different mandibular ramus linear and gonial angle measures as sex and age markers on digital panoramic pictures was the goal of the current in

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Shakya, Tripti, Anjana Maharjan, and Leeza Pradhan. "Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Ramus for Sex Determination on Orthopantomogram." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 20, no. 01 (2022): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v20i01.3822.

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Background: Mandible is the strongest and most dimorphic bone of skull which resists postmortem changes and plays an important role in sex determination. Skeletal characteristic differ in different population therefore need of population specific studies. The aim of present study was to determine sex by morphometric analysis of mandibular ramus. Methods: A cross sectionalstudy was performed in orthopantomogram of patients collected from Dental Department of Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. One hundred and fifty digital orthopantomogram of patient fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in

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Mahajan, Roshni, Rakesh Thukral, Ashish Garg, Amit Tripathi, and Amit Singh Choudhary. "Comparison and correlation between mandibular morphology among diferent vertical growth patterns: A cephalometric study." Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics 6, no. 1 (2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jco.2022.003.

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: In the field of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, in-depth knowledge of mandibular morphology and different types of growth pattern is essential to reach to ideal treatment for every patient.To compare antegonial notch depth, symphysis morphology and ramus morphology among different growth patterns. 2) To correlate antegonial notch depth with other parameters of mandibular morphology.: In this study, lateral cephalogram of total 90 patients were traced. The sample was divided into horizontal, average and vertical growth pattern based on Jarabak’s ratio. The antegonial notch depth, sy

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Atta ur Rehman, Tariq Ahmad, Sana Mushtaq, Brekhna Murad, and Muslim Khan. "EFFECTS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ANKYLOSIS ON DENTITION AND RAMUS HEIGHT." Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry 12, no. 1 (2022): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v12i1.88.

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Objective:To determine dentition related problems in patients with TMJ ankylosis and to establish effect of TMJ ankylosis on ramus height.Material and method:This descriptive study was conducted at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar Pakistan, from July 2020 to July 2021. Medical records and Cone beam computed tomography of 20 patients with the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint ankylosis were included in the study.Results: Most of the patients presented with unilateral TMJ ankylosis (n=15, 75%) In unilateral ankylosis, the affected side ramus and body (4.89cm, 7.63cm respectively) were le

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Book chapters on the topic "Ramus Height"

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Lakshmi, Sharmela, Taniya Mary Martin, Meenakshi Sundaram, Lavanya Prathap, and Abirami Arthanari. "Sex Determination using Mandibular Ramus Height in Chennai Population using OPG—A Retrospective Study." In Case Studies on Holistic Medical Interventions. CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003596684-60.

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Bassler, Sibylle. "„Führen heißt: Raus aus der Kuschelecke“." In Auswahl von Männern und Frauen als Führungskräfte. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09469-0_53.

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Marjanović, Miloš, Biljana Abolmasov, Jelka Krušić, and Uroš Đurić. "Regional Debris Flow Hazard Assessment of the Grdelica Gorge (Serbia)." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 3 Issue 1, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55120-8_15.

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AbstractRoad infrastructure development is currently very intensive in Serbia. One such example is the Grdelica Gorge, where a new highway was aligned and put into service in 2019. The Gorge has provided a very challenging engineering environment imposing high levels of several hazard types: floods; slides; debris flows; and rockfalls. In this work, the debris flow hazard for the first 15 km of the road route was in focus. The assessment included an expert-driven analysis for identifying potential source areas, coupled with deterministic modelling of the flowing process originating from these source areas, resulting in detailed simulations of the final runout distance, height of deposit, and flow velocity, which are all reliable parameters for mitigating the hazard across the road alignment. A combination of geomorphological criteria, processed in a GIS environment was used to narrow down the search of source areas containing loose, erodible material which easily mobilizes under saturated conditions. The criteria were calibrated by the outlines of the available inventory, acquired by remote sensing techniques. The Digital Terrain Model with 12.5 m resolution was used for running RApid Mass Movement Simulation (RAMMS), using estimated bulk density and friction coefficients as input parameters. Since there was no recent debris flow in the area for the appropriate back-analysis of these parameters, experience-and lab-based estimations were used. Several simulations have reached the road alignment, wherein a few imposed significant threats with respect to deposit height and velocity that require additional attention.

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Rinaldi, Marco, Scott D. Ganz, and Angelo Mottola. "Bone Defects in Thickness and Height, Harvesting Bone From Mandibular Body and Ascending Ramus." In Computer-Guided Applications for Dental Implants, Bone Grafting, and Reconstructive Surgery (Adapted Translation). Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-27803-4.15028-7.

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Vieira, Camila Silvério Carvalho, Jefferson de Sá Buso, Geovana Pires da Silva, and Roberto Bernardino Júnior. "Anthropometric analysis of human mandibles as an anatomical structure for sex determination." In Current Challenges in Dentistry: Theory and Clinical Practice. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2023.005-006.

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Forensic identification after fatalities is difficult in the face of cadaveric decomposition, and recognition by the bone is the first to be provided with the opportunity to define the sex of the skeleton analyzed. Recent studies have shown that the mandible can be used as a parameter in sexual diagnosis because it is susceptible to masticatory muscle activity, and that this is different between genders. However, it should be noted that ethnic factors also affect the shape of the jaw. The objective of this study was to develop a regional pattern of sex determination, based on the mandible, through the analysis of ante- and post-mortem materials of the population of interest. The following panoramic radiographs were analyzed in 386 panoramic radiographs: ramus height, body height, chin height, mental foramen height, distance between condyles, distance between mandibular angles, distance between coronoid processes, distance between mental foramina, branch width, incensure width, mandibular length at the chin angle, distance between the mental foramen and the chin, distance between the mental foramen and the branch, position of the mental foramen in relation to the posterior teeth, and presence of flexure at the posterior border of the branch at the level of the occlusal plane. The results were evaluated through statistical tests and the patterns recognized for the region of interest were tested in macerated jaws. It is concluded that the definition of male mandibles is given by the distance between the condyles and the mandibular angles, while female mandibles are determined by the distance between the coronoid processes and by the mandibular lengths of the marrow angle bilaterally.

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Beňo, Michal. "ICR: Idiopathic Condylar Resorption." In Diagnosing and Managing Temporomandibular Joint Conditions [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005133.

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Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is a localized, non-inflammatory degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) characterized by osteolysis that leads to the destruction of the mandibular condyles. The etiology of ICR is still unknown. Possible risk factors have already been identified, including orthognathic surgery. This condition is more common in women than men. Radiographic study in these cases indicates a diminished condylar head volume, decreased ramus height, change in condylar shape, and progressive Class II basal bone relationship. Computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) are suitable for diagnosing initial ICR manifestation and progression. Drugs and occlusal splint therapy represent a conservative form of treatment. Arthroscopy and arthrocentesis can help reduce pain and improve joint function. In advanced stages of ICR, total joint replacement may be necessary. The approach to treating ICR cases should be individualized and based on the extent of the disease process. There are a number of patients with ICR who are best treated with total joint replacement (TJR).

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"Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America." In Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America, edited by Ulrich G. Reinhardt, Thomas Binder, and D. Gordon McDonald. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874134.ch6.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Low-head barriers against invasive sea lampreys <em>Petromyzon marinus</em> in the Great Lakes are designed to maintain a minimum crest height of 30 cm and have a lip on the crest to prevent them from climbing over the barrier. We tested the ability of migratory-phase sea lampreys to scale inclined ramps with shallow (0.7–5 cm) water depth. We predicted that sea lampreys would jump the barrier and that their ability to attach would increase passage success. A recirculating flume and ramp with a vertical height of 10–30 cm and an inclination between 308 and 608 were used to evaluate lamprey climbing ability. Lampreys trying to scale the ramp were monitored by passive integrated transponder tag readers and low-light video cameras. No lampreys were observed jumping out of the water to scale a barrier. Independent of ramp angle, no fish passed over a 30-cm ramp. Lampreys often attached themselves to the ramp, but without a gain of vertical height between repeated attempts. The success rate at lower ramp heights varied between 0% (15 cm height, 308 angle) and 63% (10 cm height, 608 angle). Only ramps shorter than half the body length of the lampreys could be surmounted. Apparently, the lampreys had to have their dorso-ventral fins fully submerged in the downstream pool to create enough propulsion to scale a ramp in burst-swimming mode. An analysis of 1,300 passage attempts in a field-validation experiment showed a greater apparent motivation to move up a ramp but reconfirmed our laboratory findings on passage technique and maximum performance. We conclude that sea lamprey barrier height could be further reduced and that an overhanging lip is not necessary as sea lampreys neither climb nor jump over barriers. A ramp with a shallow inclination and moderate vertical height and water flow is a new design suggestion for a barrier that blocks sea lampreys and may allow other fish species to pass.

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Rameš, Martin, and Pavel Surynek. "Reaching New Heights in Multi-Agent Collective Construction." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia240921.

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We propose a new approach for multi-agent collective construction, based on the idea of reversible ramps. Our ReRamp algorithm utilizes reversible side-ramps to generate construction plans for ramped block structures higher and larger than was previously possible using state-of-the-art planning algorithms, given the same building area. We compare the ReRamp algorithm to similar state-of-the-art algorithms on a set of benchmark instances, where we demonstrate its superior computational speed. We also establish in our experiments that the ReRamp algorithm is capable of generating plans for a single-story house, an important milestone on the road to real-world multi-agent construction applications.

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Z. Dlomo, Mhlengani, Cyprial N. Ncobela, and Nokuthula W. Kunene. "Social Dominance in South African Indigenous Zulu Rams." In Animal Husbandry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103014.

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Social ranking is usually caused by limited access to resources such as feed, water as well as mating partners. In rams, social dominance is mostly related to physical traits such as body weight, horn size, body length and scrotal circumference. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between physical traits of Zulu sheep rams and the establishment of social rankings. The social dominance rank was determined by a feed competition test using rams of the same age. Physical traits such as body weight, chest girth, horn length, scrotal circumference and withers height were measured for each ram. Sheep A was ranked first with a 100% number of wins (P < 0.01) followed by sheep E with an 86% number of wins (P < 0.05). A positive linear relationship between time spent on the feeder against the number of wins was not significant (P > 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the proportions of wins against horn length (P < 0.05) and chest girth length (P < 0.05). Time spent at the feeder was positively correlated with body weight and withers height (P < 0.05). Social dominance in Zulu sheep can be determined by particular physical traits such as horn length and chest girth.

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Andrews-Larson, Christine, Matthew Mauntel, David Whalley, Jessica L. Smith, and Wendi Davis. "Module #8: Ratios and Proportions: Rollercoasters and Ramps." In Mathematics Integrated with Computer Science through Scratch: Curricular Modules for the Middle Grades. Florida State Open Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsop_csimms0324student.mod08.

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Many quantities are related proportionally in the real world. In this module, students come to reason about proportional relationships in the context of (straight) segments of roller coasters that have the same steepness. Further, students come to reason about the constant of proportionality as a single number that describes the steepness of a ramp (by characterizing how many times as large the height is as the length of the base of a ramp). At the end of the module, students apply this idea graphically in the context of deals for buying chicken wings.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ramus Height"

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Setyawan, Erwin, and Rizki Indah Alifiani. "Frontal sinus index size and mandibular ramus height on cephalometric radiography as a parameter for determining gender." In THE 1ST NEW DENTAL RESEARCH EXHIBITION AND MEETING (NEW DREAM) 2023. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0215938.

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Zhou, Wenwu, and Hui Hu. "An Experimental Study on Film Cooling Performance Behind Barchan Dune-Shaped Ramps Using PSP and PIV Techniques." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43781.

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A novel Barchan-dune-assisted film cooling configuration was proposed and examined in present study. The effects of mass flux ratio, location, and height of Barchan dunes on film cooling effectiveness were investigated in great detail using the Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques. The PSP measurement results showed that the Barchan-dune-assisted film cooling configuration (H=0.5D, DB=−0.9D) can greatly enhance the film cooling effectiveness for flow from a cylindrical hole in relatively high mass flux ratio (M>0.85), which was explained by the PIV

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Marquis, Brian, and Robert Greif. "Dynamic Wheel-Rail Forces on Mismatched Joints With Ramps." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5734.

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The discontinuity between rail ends at a joint creates dynamic wheel-rail forces (i.e. high impact forces and wheel unloading) that can result in a range of problems including wear, deterioration, and early failure of the track structure, its components, and passing equipment. The response and magnitude of the dynamic wheel-rail forces generated at joints depend upon the form of the discontinuity (e.g. battered rail ends, ramps, gaps, mismatches, etc.) and the support condition. Joints with battered rail ends, which result from degradation due to repeated impact loading, have been extensively

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Buffaz, Nicolas, and Isabelle Trébinjac. "Impact of Tip Clearance Size and Rotation Speed on the Surge Onset in a High Pressure Centrifugal Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68427.

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The results presented in the paper aim at investigating the impact of tip clearance size and rotation speed on the surge onset in a transonic single-stage centrifugal compressor composed of a backswept splittered unshrouded impeller and a vaned diffuser. For that purpose, various slow throttle ramps into surge were conducted from 100% to 60% design speed of the compressor and two different tip clearance heights were investigated. The 1MW LMFA-ECL test rig was used to carry out the tests in the compressor stage. Unsteady pressure measurements up to 150 KHz were carried out in the inducer (i.e.

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Čukić, Aleksandar, Božidar Milošević, Željko Savić, and Ljiljana Anđušić. "Variability of morphological and growth characteristics of the Wurttemberg sheep breed." In Zbornik radova 26. medunarodni kongres Mediteranske federacije za zdravlje i produkciju preživara - FeMeSPRum. Poljoprivredni fakultet Novi Sad, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/femesprumns24008c.

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The aim of this study was to determine and present the basic characteristics of Wurttemberg sheep, which includes analyzes of the characteristics of body measurements of sheep, with detailed statistical analysis, in order to define the degree of variability of characteristics, as well as to investigate environmental influences (sex, year birth, season and type of birth) on the examined traits using general linear method and estimating genetic parameters for lamb growth traits, using BreedR software package in R statistical programming environment. The research was conducted on a sample of 964

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van Dyck, Stephen, and Scott Crawford. "Grand Avenue Traverse: Uniting Accessibility, Utilities and Economy Into a New Experience." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.181.

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<p>The Grand Avenue Pedestrian Bridge spans 85m from a park and residential neighborhood to a developing waterfront district that is 24m below. The bridge carries sewer, storm, and water utilities over rail lines and a highway while passing under power lines. The bridge’s east landing is on a landslide prone steep slope. On the west the bridge lands on a new concrete stair and elevator tower that rests on soil that is regularly infil- trated with seawater.</p><p>The design concept uses the constraints of the project to create a unique moment that is both utilitarian and unexp

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Cogan, Alexander I. "Discrimination between a smooth and jagged temporal edge." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.ths5.

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When field luminance rises or falls quickly, the temporal course of the change must be difficult, if not impossible, for perception to follow. This proposition is formally rooted in the well-known studies of two-pulse interactions at threshold; it is supported by a study by Crawford that deals with spatially coextensive, suprathreshold luminance changes.1 The present experiment measured direction-reversal thresholds and assessed observers' sensitivities to a sharp alteration in the temporal course of a luminance change. Luminance was incremented or decremented uniformly over the entire extent

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Oyadiji, S. Olutunde, and Eugene Lai. "Predicting the Traction Force Requirements of Wheeled Mobile Robots Traversing Obstacles." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35664.

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The analytical models of a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) are often derived based on the assumption that the surface on which it manoeuvres is free from any irregularities. However, the wheels of a WMR are likely to encounter small but unavoidable obstacles. The interaction between stationary obstacles and the wheels of the mobile robot can adversely affect the stability of the payload as well as the robot’s handling control. The limited understanding of the mechanism of wheel-obstacle interaction and its implication on the overall dynamics of a WMR has hindered the development of control tools th

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Williams, Dara, and Kevin Purcell. "Optimisation of Conductor System Design to Minimise Wellhead Fatigue Issues." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10829.

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Current market trends in the construction of newbuild drilling rigs indicate that the market is driven by demand for ultra-deepwater capacity semi-submersible rigs and drillships. These drilling vessels have capacity to drill in water depths of up to 12,000ft and possibly beyond in the near future. With increase in water depth capacity, more complex and heavier BOP stacks are required. Many modern drilling vessels are now incorporating BOPs with capacities of 20ksi pressure and up to 7 shear/seal rams incorporated. This leads to increased height and weight in the BOP. Whilst newbuild drilling

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Bachelder, Edward. "An Alternative Forcing Function for Identifying Pilot Frequency Response Using a Series of Mesas." In Vertical Flight Society 75th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14561.

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The command inputs selected for system identification (SYSID) are dictated by numerous factors, some of which include: 1) The frequency range of interest; 2) The capability of the system to sustain the inputs; 3) The capability of the system to remain 'agnostic' to future inputs. When the elements comprising, the system being identified are all electro-mechanical, frequency sweeps, sum-of-sines, and impulsive inputs are standard identification techniques. However, when human manual control becomes an element of the system, the second and third factors are key considerations. Sum-of-sines (SOS)

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