Academic literature on the topic 'RaMV'

During the spring and summer of 2003, symptoms of mosaic, mottle, and crinkle were observed in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) and turnip (Brassica rapa) fields in the Qazvin and Esfahan provinces of Iran, respectively. Leaf extracts of these plants, made infective by mechanical inoculation, caused necrotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor, chlorotic ring spot on Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun, and chlorotic local lesions followed by systemic mosaic on Brassica rapa (1). Using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and specific polyclonal antibodies (As-0120 and PV-0355) that were kindly prepared by S. Winter (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), the samples were tested for the presence of Radish mosaic virus (RaMV) (family Comoviridae, genus Comovirus). ELISA results showed that the original leaf samples and inoculated indicator plants reacted positively to RaMV antibodies. RaMV has been reported in the United States, Japan, and Europe on turnip and other crucifers (1,2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of RaMV occurring in Iran. References: (1) R. N. Campbell. Radish mosaic virus. No. 121 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Surrey, England, 1973. (2) D. D. Sutic et al. Handb. Plant Virus Diseases. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1999.

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las características del apoyo social informal otorgado a la mujer maltratada por su pareja íntima, quiénes lo aportan, así como el tipo de apoyo percibido por las entrevistadas. Es un estudio cuantitativo realizado en Guadalajara, Jalisco, en el que se aplicó el Cuestionario de Apoyo Social Percibido de las Fuentes de Apoyo (Gracia & Herrero, 2004) a 204 mujeres maltratadas por su pareja. Los resultados del análisis de cluster mostraron que el tipo más frecuente de red de apoyo presentaba a los amigos como principal fuente de apoyo. Otros tipos de red de apoyo encontradas en este estudio fueron: familia de origen, compuesta principalmente por padre, madre y hermanos(as) y pareja e hijos (que incluía en algunas mujeres al agresor como fuente de apoyo).

Systemic necrosis is one of the most severe symptoms caused by plant RNA viruses. Recently, systemic necrosis has been suggested to have similar features to a defense response referred to as the hypersensitive response (HR), a form of programmed cell death. In virus-infected plant cells, host intracellular membrane structures are changed dramatically for more efficient viral replication. However, little is known about whether this replication-associated membrane modification is the cause of the symptoms. In this study, we identified an amino-terminal amphipathic helix of the helicase encoded by Radish mosaic virus (RaMV) (genus Comovirus) as an elicitor of cell death in RaMV-infected plants. Cell death caused by the amphipathic helix had features similar to HR, such as SGT1-dependence. Mutational analyses and inhibitor assays using cerulenin demonstrated that the amphipathic helix–induced cell death was tightly correlated with dramatic alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane structures. Furthermore, the cell death–inducing activity of the amphipathic helix was conserved in Cowpea mosaic virus (genus Comovirus) and Tobacco ringspot virus (genus Nepovirus), both of which are classified in the family Secoviridae. Together, these results indicate that ER membrane modification associated with viral intracellular replication may be recognized to prime defense responses against plant viruses.

Los productos naturales están teniendo una gran acogida en todas partes del mundo, incluido el Perú, debido a esta gran demanda se han creado muchos laboratorios que los fabrican, no obstante no todos ellos elaboran productos de calidad, y muchos de ellos venden sus productos sin tener un registro sanitario; trabajos de investigación han revelado la presencia de contaminación en productos farmacéuticos de origen natural, siendo esta la razón por la cual se plantea el siguiente objetivo: Determinar la calidad microbiológica de los productos naturales expendidos en la ciudad de Tacna; y para ello se basó en los límites propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), siguiendo el protocolo de la ICMSF (2000) donde se evaluó el recuento de aerobios mesófilos viables (RAMV), recuento de hongos, investigación de Escherichia coli, investigación de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, investigación de Staphylococcus aureus y para el caso de Salmonella spp se usó la guía de los estándares internacionales según ISO 6579; donde se obtuvieron como resultados: ausencia de todos los patógenos pero en el RAMV se encontró que el 84,61% de las muestras sobrepasaron los límites permisibles, al igual que el 92,3% en el recuento de hongos; asimismo el 30,77% de las muestras analizadas no presentaron número de registro sanitario. De lo encontrado se llegó a la conclusión de que los productos naturales analizados no cuentan con las condiciones mínimas para su venta al público, siendo un riesgo para la salud pública de sus consumidores al poder enfermarse con posibles patógenos oportunistas por una contaminación de origen natural.

Crucifer crops (Brassica spp.) are important winter vegetables in Taiwan. Five viruses, including Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Radish mosaic virus (RaMV), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), and Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), have been detected in a range of domestic-grown crucifers during past decades (1). Field mustard plants (Brassica chinensis) showing mosaic in the leaves were collected in the ChiaYi area in December 2007. Spherical virus-like particles, approximately 30 nm in diameter, were readily observed in crude sap of symptomatic plants. Tests by ELISA failed to detect any of the aforementioned viruses. A spherical agent was isolated through mechanical inoculation onto Chenopodium quinoa, and a virus culture was established and inoculated mechanically back to the original host as well as other crucifers. Systemic mosaic appeared on inoculated B. campestris, B. chinensis, and B. juncea, whereas ringspots appeared on inoculated leaves of B. oleracea. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic leaves and used for reverse transcription (RT)-PCR amplification using degenerate primers for comoviruses (2). Other successive fragments of RNAs 1 and 2 were amplified by specific or degenerate primers designed on the basis of sequences of published Turnip ringspot virus (TuRSV). The RNA 1 (GenBank Accession No. GU968732) and RNA 2 (No. GU968731) of the isolated virus consisted of 6,076 and 3,960 nucleotides, respectively. The number of nucleotides and the arrangement of open reading frames on both RNA 1 and RNA 2 were similar to those of comoviruses. Sequence analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequences of RNA 1 and RNA 2 shared 54.2 to 82.5% and 50.2 to 79.3% similarities, respectively, to those of comoviruses and were most similar to Turnip ringspot virus. The deduced peptides of large and small coat proteins (LCP and SCP) contain 375 amino acids (41.2 kDa) and 251 amino acids (28.5 kDa), respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), LCP, and SCP share 92.0 to 94.5%, 93.1 to 93.3% and 87.3 to 89.6% similarity, respectively, to those of published TuRSV isolates, i.e., -B (GenBank Accession No. GQ222382), -M12 (No. FJ516746), and -Toledo (No. FJ712027) indicating that the newly isolated virus from field mustard in Taiwan is an isolate of TuRSV, hence TuRSV-TW. Comparison of LCP and SCP between current TuRSV-TW and Radish mosaic virus (RaMV; GenBank Accession No. AB295644) showed 74% similarity, which is below the species demarcation level of 75% (3), indicating its discrimination from RaMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of TuRSV in Taiwan and in the subtropics. References: (1) T. H. Chen et al. Plant Pathol. Bull. 9:39, 2000. (2) V. Maliogka et al. J. Phytopathol. 152:404, 2004. (3) K. Petrzik and I. Koloniuk. Virus Genes 40:290, 2010.

Geminiviruses are insect-transmissible, economically vital group of plant viruses, which cause significant losses to crop production and ornamental plants across the world. During this study, infectious clones of three devastating begomoviruses, i.e., Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV), Ramie mosaic virus (RamV) and Corchorus yellow vein Vietnam virus (CoYVV) were constructed by following novel protocol. All infectious clones were confirmed by cloning and sequencing. All of the infectious clones were agro-inoculated in Agrobacterium. After the agro-infiltrations, all clones were injected into Nicotiana benthamiana and jute plants under controlled condition. After 28 days of inoculation, plants exhibited typical symptoms of their corresponding viruses. All the symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves were collected from inoculated plants for further analysis. The southern blot analysis was used to confirm the infection of studied begomoviruses. At the end, all the products were sequenced and analyzed.

ABSTRACT Streptomycetes are filamentous soil bacteria that produce spores through a complex process of morphological differentiation. The ram cluster plays an important part during the development. The ram genes encode a membrane-bound kinase (RamC), a small protein (RamS), components of an ABC transporter (RamAB), and a response regulator (RamR). While the introduction of an extra copy of the ram cluster accelerates development in Streptomyces lividans, ramABR disruption mutants are unable to produce aerial hyphae and spores. The developmental regulation of ram gene transcription was analyzed. Transcription of the ram genes occurred only on solid rich media and not on minimal media. The ramR gene is transcribed from a single promoter during all growth stages, with the highest levels during aerial growth. The ramCSAB genes comprise one operon and are transcribed from one principal promoter, P1, directly upstream of ramC. Transcription of ramCSAB was already observed during vegetative growth, but was strongly upregulated upon initiation of formation of aerial hyphae and was decreased during late stages of development. A large inverted repeat located downstream of ramS terminated the majority of transcripts. The introduction of ramR on a multicopy vector in S. lividans strongly induced P1 activity, while disruption of this regulator eliminated all P1 promoter activity. This shows that ramR is a crucial activator of ramCSAB transcription. Importantly, in bldA, bldB, bldD, or bldH mutants, ramR and ramCSAB are not transcribed, while ram gene transcription was observed in the earliest whi mutant, whiG. This indicates that the transcription of the ram genes marks the transition from vegetative to aerial growth.

Barium titanate (BaTiO3)-polyvinyl butyral (PVB) composites at various weight concentrations were prepared via ultrasonic probe sonicator. The sonication was carried out at 20 kHz and 70% amplitude for about 2 h and BaTiO3 nanoparticles were dispersed well in the mixture of PVB/ethanol under probe sonication. As a microwave absorbent, the microwave absorbing properties of the BaTiO3 nanoparticle-PVB composites with different mixture ratios of 5 wt.% (RAM1), 10 wt.% (RAM2) and 15 wt.% (RAM3) BaTiO3 were investigated based on transmission line theory in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 14 GHz. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of the RAM1 reaches −3.47 dB at 5.57 GHz with a matching thickness of only 7.0 mm. For RAM2 with 4 mm and 4.2 mm thickness ( tm), the RL values are less than −10 dB obtained in the frequency 10.3–13.4 GHz. The RAM3 composite with 15 wt.% BaTiO3 mixture ratio shows a minimum reflection loss of −43.8 dB at 11.01 GHz with a −15 dB bandwidth over the extended frequency range of 10.2–13.2 GHz for a thickness of 2.8 mm and −44.2 dB at 4.77 GHz for a thickness of 6.5 mm.

When grown in glucose-, fructose- or sucrose-containing medium, the amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum transiently accumulates large amounts of glycogen (up to 10 % of its dry weight), whereas only a marginal amount of glycogen is formed during growth with acetate. This carbon-source-dependent regulation is at least partially due to transcriptional control of glgC, encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, the first enzyme of glycogen synthesis from glucose-1-phosphate. Here, we have analysed a possible regulatory role for the transcriptional regulators RamA and RamB on glycogen content of the cells and on control of expression of glgC and of glgA, which encodes the second enzyme of glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase. Determination of the glycogen content of RamA- and RamB-deficient C. glutamicum indicated that RamA and RamB influence glycogen synthesis positively and negatively, respectively. In accordance with the identification of putative RamA and RamB binding sites upstream of glgC and glgA, both regulators were found to bind specifically to the glgC–glgA intergenic promoter region. Promoter activity assays in wild-type and RamA- and RamB-deficient strains of C. glutamicum revealed that (i) RamA is a positive regulator of glgC and glgA, (ii) RamB is a negative regulator of glgA and (iii) neither RamA nor RamB alone is responsible for the carbon-source-dependent regulation of glycogen synthesis in C. glutamicum.