Relevant bibliographies by topics / Random Alloy

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Random Alloy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Random Alloy"

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Kaburagi, Makoto, Kuniyoshi Ebina, and Takashi Tonegawa. "Multicomponent alloy with random interactions." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 117-118 (February 1990): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(90)90589-e.

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Homma, Y., Y. Takakuwa, Y. Shiokawa, D. X. Li, K. Sumiyama, and K. Suzuki. "Random anisotropy in UGe2 amorphous alloy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 275-277 (July 1998): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(98)00415-0.

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Sharma, S., R. Singh, and D. K. Chaturvedi. "Average Alloy Model for Dumbbell Diffusion in a Random Alloy." Materials Science Forum 223-224 (July 1996): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.223-224.171.

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Huang, Sunchao, Xiaoli Zhang, Yongsheng Zhang, Songjun Hou, Xiaoyu Yangi, and Zhi Zeng. "Investigations of the mechanical properties of the Zr8Ti8 random alloy." International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no. 07 (May 24, 2016): 1650076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183116500765.

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The mechanical property of alloys plays a vital role in applications. In order to probe the mechanical property of the Zr–Ti alloy, we have successfully generated a 16-atom special quasi-random structure (SQS) at concentration 0.5 for the Zr–Ti alloy ([Formula: see text]) with supercell ([Formula: see text]) based on the hcp Bravais cell, which has the same shape with the hcp Bravais cell. Such an SQS can be used as a good template at the 0.5 concentration of all binary hcp random alloys as the initial step for the further description of their alloy properties. Our calculated bulk modulus of [Formula: see text] is 101.7[Formula: see text]GPa, falling within the region for the extreme two constituents [Formula: see text] B[Formula: see text] B[Formula: see text]). Obtained [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] (3.60) is significantly larger than those of Zr (2.75) and Ti (2.64), which means that the ductility of [Formula: see text] alloy is better than those of its constituents. The maximum Cauchy stress of [Formula: see text] is 20.53[Formula: see text]GPa at strain ([Formula: see text] in [0001] direction. In addition, this SQS template for [Formula: see text] has been proved to be mechanically stable.
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Juang, Bor-Chau, Baolai Liang, Dingkun Ren, David Prout, Arion Chatziioannou, and Diana Huffaker. "Optical Characterization of AlAsSb Digital Alloy and Random Alloy on GaSb." Crystals 7, no. 10 (October 18, 2017): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst7100313.

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Paul, T. R., I. V. Belova, and G. E. Murch. "Random alloy diffusion kinetics for the application to multicomponent alloy systems." Philosophical Magazine 96, no. 12 (March 21, 2016): 1228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2016.1159349.

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Feng, Wen Qiang, Shu Min Zheng, Yang Qi, and Shao Qing Wang. "Periodic Maximum Entropy Random Structure Models for High-Entropy Alloys." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.611.

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Periodic chemically homogenized high-entropy alloy structures are constructed according to maximum entropy principle. The method can efficiently generate equimolar and non-equimolar high-entropy alloy atomic structures. Nine high-entropy alloys are simulated based on the constructed models using density functional theory techniques. The calculated lattice parameters are consistent with the available experimental data. The calculated enthalpies of mixing are more negative than the values estimated by using Miedema model, due to severe lattice distortion. The lattice distortion parameters were calculated. The results showed that fcc structure tend to stable with smaller and bcc structure with larger. The bulk modulus of Al1.5CoCrNiFe high-entropy alloys was fitted and the value is consistent with the available experimental data.
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Belova, I. V., and G. E. Murch. "Collective diffusion in the binary random alloy." Philosophical Magazine A 80, no. 3 (March 2000): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418610008212070.

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Belova, I. V., and G. E. Murch. "Tracer correlation factors in the random alloy." Philosophical Magazine A 80, no. 7 (July 2000): 1469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418610008212131.

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V. Belova, G. E. Murch, I. "Collective diffusion in the binary random alloy." Philosophical Magazine A 80, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014186100250732.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Random Alloy"

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Takahara, Jyunichi. "WEGNER ESTIMATES FOR GENERALIZED ALLOY TYPE POTENTIALS." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180367.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第17837号
人博第658号
新制||人||158(附属図書館)
25||人博||658(吉田南総合図書館)
30652
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)教授 上木 直昌, 教授 森本 芳則, 教授 髙﨑 金久
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Dai, Zongbei. "Orientation-dependent segregation and oxidation at Fe0.85Al0.15 random alloy surfaces." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066434/document.

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Des monocristaux A2 de Fe0.85Al0.15 de terminaison (110), (100) et (111) ont servi de modèle pour étudier la ségrégation d'Al et l'oxydation d'aciers industriels à l'Al en combinant LEED, XPS, STM et GIXD. Toutes les surfaces propres sont sujettes à une intense ségrégation d'Al lors de recuits > 700 K. Au-delà de 1000 K, un quasi-équilibre est atteint et la couche concernée de 2-3 nm adopte une composition proche de la structure B2. Cependant, toutes les surfaces se comportent différemment en termes de reconstruction. La surface (110) développe une superstructure pseudo-hexagonale de 2nm avec une modulation incommensurable dans le plan. La surface (100) est toujours terminée (1×1) avec une apparence marbrée attri-buée à un contraste électronique et chimique. La surface (111) est locale-ment rugueuse avec des protrusions triangulaires nanométriques en raison d'un facettage induit par la ségrégation. La tendance à la ségrégation est con-firmée par des calculs ab initio. L'oxydation à haute température par O2 de ces surfaces conduit à une oxy-dation sélective de l'Al et à la formation de films d'alumine d'épaisseur 1-2nm. Des oxydes ordonnés croissent sur les faces (110) et (100) alors que des îlots apparaissent sur la face (111). Les sous-surface de (110) et (111) oxydés sont déplétées en Al et adoptent la structure D03 alors que celle de (100) ne varie pas. A la surface (110), l'alumine croit sous forme de deux domaines ayant une maille quasi-rectangulaire de (18.5 × 10.5) Å2 et un ac-cord (2×1)ox. Le film d'oxyde à la surface (100) présente deux domaines (2×1) sous la forme de bandes orthogonales; une explication plausible est la formation d'une structure distordue θ-Al2O3
A2 Fe0.85Al0.15 single crystals with low-index orientations (110), (100) and (111) have been chosen as a model system to study the Al segregation and oxidation of industrial Al-alloyed steels by using combined techniques (LEED, XPS, STM, GIXD). All clean surfaces are prone to intense Al segregation when annealed at > 700 K. After 1000 K, a quasi-equilibrium is reached and the impacted layer of 2-3 nm has a composition close to the B2 structure. But all the surfaces behave differently in terms of reconstruction. The (110) surface develops a 2 nm pseudo-hexagonal superstructure with an incommensurate in-plane modulation. The (100) surface is always (1×1) terminated with a marbled-like appearance assigned to an electronic and chemical contrast. The (111) surface is locally rough with nanometric three-fold protrusions due to seg-regation-induced faceting involving (111) vicinal surfaces. The segregation trend is confirmed through ab initio calculations. The oxidation with O2 of all surfaces at high temperature results in selective oxidation of Al and alumina formation with a 1-2 nm self-limited thick-ness. Ordered oxides are found on (110) and (100) faces while a disordered 3D oxide grows on (111). Subsurfaces of oxidised (110) and (111) are de-pleted in Al and adopt the D03 structure, while (100) subsurface composi-tion is insensitive to oxidation. At (110) surface, a two-domain alumina grows with a (18.5 × 10.5) Å2 nearly rectangular rotated unit cell with a (2×1)ox matching. The oxide film at (100) surface presents two (2×1) do-mains in the form of nanometric orthogonal stripes; a likely explanation is the formation of a distorted θ-Al2O3 structure
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Norell, Jesper. "Elastic constants and sound velocities of Fe0.87Mn0.13 random alloy from first principles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teoretisk Fysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104173.

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In this study the elastic properties of a fcc Fe0.87Mn0.13 random alloy are studied by ab initio calculations. Ground state lattice parameters and elastic properties are calculated with Density Functional Theory using the Exact Muffin-Tin Orbital method and the Coherent Potential Approximation. Several magnetic models, approximations and distortion techniques are evaluated for optimized results, which are obtained by a Disordered Local Moment model with the Frozen Core and Generalized Gradient approximations using volume-conserving distortions.  Conclusively the longitudinal sound velocities are calculated from second order elastic stiffness constants and visualized by two different codes. The importance of magnetism for elastic properties is confirmed, as is the usefulness of the optimized computational scheme; all quantities obtained via the scheme is in accord with earlier theoretical and experimental results. Volume-conserving distortions are found to be more precise than volume-altering for calculation of elastic constants but also to be highly dependent on the precision of bulk modulus determination. The two sound-velocity codes are in complete agreement.
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Cao, Zhenwei. "Quantum evolution: The case of weak localization for a 3D alloy-type Anderson model and application to Hamiltonian based quantum computation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19205.

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Over the years, people have found Quantum Mechanics to be extremely useful in explaining various physical phenomena from a microscopic point of view. Anderson localization, named after physicist P. W. Anderson, states that disorder in a crystal can cause non-spreading of wave packets, which is one possible mechanism (at single electron level) to explain metalinsulator transitions. The theory of quantum computation promises to bring greater computational power over classical computers by making use of some special features of Quantum Mechanics. The first part of this dissertation considers a 3D alloy-type model, where the Hamiltonian is the sum of the finite difference Laplacian corresponding to free motion of an electron and a random potential generated by a sign-indefinite single-site potential. The result shows that localization occurs in the weak disorder regime, i.e., when the coupling parameter λ is very small, for energies E ≤ −Cλ² . The second part of this dissertation considers adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) algorithms for the unstructured search problem to the case when the number of marked items is unknown. In an ideal situation, an explicit quantum algorithm together with a counting subroutine are given that achieve the optimal Grover speedup over classical algorithms, i.e., roughly speaking, reduce O(2n ) to O(2n/2 ), where n is the size of the problem. However, if one considers more realistic settings, the result shows this quantum speedup is achievable only under a very rigid control precision requirement (e.g., exponentially small control error).
Ph. D.
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Marten, Tobias. "Ab-initio study of disorder broadening of core photoemission spectra in random metallic alloys." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2580.

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Ab-initio results of the core-level shift and the distribution about the average for the 3d5/2 electrons of Ag, Pd and 2p3/2 of Cu are presented for the face-centered-cubic AgPd and CuPd random alloys. The complete screening model, which includes both initial and final states effects in the same scheme, has been used in the investigations.

The alloys have been modeled with a supercell containing 256 atoms. Density-functional theory calculations are carried out using the locally self consistent Green's function approach.

Results from the calculations clearly shows that the core-level shift distributions characteristic is Gaussian, but the components reveals a substantial difference in the FWHM (Full-Width at Half-Maximum). Comparison between the experimental and the calculated broadening shows a remarkable agreement.

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Olovsson, Weine. "Influence of Global Composition and Local Environment on the Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Metallic Alloys." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Physics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5823.

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Theoretical investigations of spectroscopic and magnetic properties of metallic systems in the bulk, as well as in nanostructured materials, have been performed within the density functional theory. The major part of the present work studies the differences between binding energies of electrons tightly bound to the atoms, the so-called core electrons (in contrast with the valence electrons), that is, core-level binding energy shift (CLS).

By comparison between corresponding elemental core-levels for atoms situated in different chemical environments we obtain fundamental understanding of bonding properties of materials. The method of choice was the complete screening picture, which includes initial and final state effects on the same footing. The usefulness of CLS stems from that it is sensitive to differences in the chemical environment of an atom, which can be affected on one hand by the global composition of e.g. disordered materials, surfaces and interfaces, and on the other hand by the very local environment around an atom. Here CLSs have been obtained for both components in the fcc random alloys AgPd, CuPd, CuNi, CuPt, CuAu, PdAu, NiPd and NiPt. Moreover the model was extended to the Auger kinetic energy shift for the LMM Auger transition in AgPd alloys. Studies were also applied to the near surface and interface regions of PdMn nano structures on Pd(100), thin CuPd and AgPd films on inert Ru(0001), and at interfaces. The disorder broadening on CLS due to local environment effects was calculated in selected alloys.

A part of the thesis concern investigations related to the magnetic ordering in Invar alloys, including the influence of local environment effects. A study was made for the dependence of effective exchange parameter on the electron concentration, volume and local chemical composition.

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Wadsworth, J. S. "Concentration fluctuations in random metallic alloys." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372039.

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Rahaman, Moshiour. "First-principles investigations of ordering in binary alloys." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Flerskalig materialmodellering, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129313.

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The aim of the thesis is to study ordering in binary alloys on the basis of first-principles or {\it ab-initio} techniques employing density functional theory (DFT). The ordering phenomena of materials are of crucial importance for technological applications. The results of the thesis are intended to demonstrate the applicability of the first-principles calculations to provide fundamental insight to the true, namely electronic structure, nature of ordering in binary alloys. The main part of the thesis focuses on atomic short- and long-range order phenomena in binary alloys as a function of both temperature and chemical composition in FeCo and NiCr alloys. In particular, the influence of magnetism on atomic ordering in FeCo alloys is investigated using the disordered local moment.A large number of concentration dependent effective cluster interactions, derived without the use of any adjustable parameters, are obtained by the SGPM as it is implemented in the EMTO within the CPA. The SGPM interactions can subsequently be used in thermodynamic Monte-Carlo simulations or mean field approximations to determine the ordering phenomena in binary alloys. First-principles calculations of intrinsic stacking-fault energies (SFE) andanti-phase boundary energies (APBE) in Al$_{3}$Sc and the effects of temperature on SFE and APBE are investigated by using the axial Ising model and supercellapproach. Temperature effects have been taken into consideration byincluding the one-electron thermal excitations in the electronicstructure calculations, and vibrational free energy in the harmonicapproximation as well as by using temperature dependent lattice constants.The latter has been determined within the Debye-Gr{\"u}neisen model,which reproduces well the experimental data. Within the framework of the quasiharmonic approximation, the thermodynamics and elastic properties of B2- FeCo alloy are studied using first-principles calculations. The calculated thermal and elastic properties are found to be in good agreement withthe available measured values when the generalized gradientapproximations is used for the exchange correlation potential.The calculated finite temperature elastic constants show thatthe FeCo alloy is mechanically stable in the ordered phase.Meanwhile, a large elastic anisotropy exhibits a moderate dependence ontemperature.

QC 20130927

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Aleong, Douglas Kent. "Transformation surfaces and normality for random and textured pseudoelastic shape memory alloys." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19501.

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Kart, Hasan Huseyin. "Molecular Dynamics Study Of Random And Ordered Metals And Metal Alloys." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605467/index.pdf.

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The solid, liquid, and solidification properties of Pd, Ag pure metals and especially PdxAg1-x alloys are studied by using the molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of temperature and concentration on the physical properties of Pdx$Ag1-x are analyzed. Sutton-Chen (SC) and Quantum Sutton-Chen (Q-SC) many-body potentials are used as interatomic interactions which enable one to investigate the thermodynamic, static, and dynamical properties of transition metals. The simulation results such as cohesive energy, density, elastic constants, bulk modulus, pair distribution functions, melting points and phonon dispersion curves obtained for Pd, Ag and PdxAg1-x are in good agreement with the available experimental data at various temperatures. The predicted melting points of Pd, Ag and their binary alloys by using Q-SC potential parameters are closer to experimental values than the ones predicted from SC potential parameters. The liquid properties such as diffusion constants and viscosities computed from Q-SC potentials are also in good agreement with the available experimental data and theoretical calculations. Diffusion coefficients and viscosity results calculated from simulation obey the Arrhenius equation well. The coefficients of the Arrhenius equation are given in order to calculate the self-diffusion coefficient and shear viscosity of Pd-Ag alloys at the desired temperature and concentration. Using different cooling rates, we investigate glass formation tendency and crystallization of Pd-Ag metal alloys, by analyzing pair distribution function, enthalpy, volume, and diffusion coefficient. Pd-Ag alloys show the glass structure at fast cooling rates while it crystallizes at slow cooling rates. Glass and crystallization temperatures are also obtained from the Wendt-Abraham parameter. The split of the second peak in the pair distribution function is associated with the glass transition. Glass forming ability increases with increasing concentration of Ag in Pd-Ag alloys. Thermal and mechanical properties of Cu, Au metals and their ordered intermetallic alloys Cu3 Au(L12), CuAu(L10), and CuAu3(L12) are also studied to investigate the effects of temperature and concentration on the physical properties of Cu-Au alloys. The simulation results such as cohesive energy, lattice parameter, density, elastic constants, bulk modulus, heat capacity, thermal expansion, melting points, and phonon dispersion curves are in good agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data at various temperatures. The Q-SC potential parameters are more reliable in determining physical properties of metals and their random and ordered alloys studied in this work
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Books on the topic "Random Alloy"

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Fridman, Yuriy, and Aleksandr Korzhenevich. Learning to solve problems in physics: preparing for the Unified State Exam. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/995926.

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If you are holding this textbook in your hands, it means that you understand the need to solve problems when studying a physics course at school. Indeed, it is difficult to overestimate the effect that the solution of problems in the study of physics gives. The textbook contains about 800 problems for the high school physics course. The tasks are based on the examination materials of various universities, including the Republic of Crimea, data from the magazines "Kvant", "Physics at School", information received from correspondence physics and mathematics schools of the Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University). We also used the problem books that were released in various years to help those entering universities. The number of problems and their selection are not random and allow, according to the compilers, to demonstrate the types of problems that are often found in the high school physics course, the most rational methods, general approaches and ideas for solving them, and also help to acquire certain skills in solving problems. Can be useful for use in secondary schools when working with students for whom physics is of interest, optional, if you prepare for the entrance exams for physics, a specialized school with advanced study of physics, as well as anyone who wants to learn how to solve problems in physics.
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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.

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Reskusich, John. Cyclic strain amplitude and heat treatment effects on the high damping behavior of incramute alloy under random vibration loading in the 50-1000 HZ frequency range. 1986.

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Pirate Alley. St. Martin's Press, 2013.

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G, Lee R. The Ransom of Manilla; or, England's Ally. An Historical Play in Five Acts. By R. G. Lee. Gale ECCO, Print Editions, 2018.

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Coolen, A. C. C., A. Annibale, and E. S. Roberts. Specific constructions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198709893.003.0009.

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This chapter presents network-generating models which cannot be neatly categorized as growing, nor as defined primarily through a target degree distribution. They are best understood as mechanistic constructions designed to elucidate a particular feature of the network. In the first sub-section, the Watts–Strogatz model is introduced and motivated as a construction to achieve both a high degree of clustering and a low average path length. Geometric graphs, in their Euclidian flavour, are shown to be a natural choice for broadcast networks. The Hyperbolic variant is informally described, because it is known to be a natural space in which to embed hierarchical graphs. Planar graphs have very specific real-world applications, but are extraordinarily challenging to analyze mathematically. Finally, weighted graphs allow for concepts such as traffic to be incorporated into the random graph model.
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Anselmi, A. C. M., S. C. E. Gallon, P. Müller, and K. Reinhardt. Populationsgröße, Trichterdichte und Habitatpräferenz der Dünen-Ameisenjungfer Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941) im Gebiet der Dresdner Heide (Neuroptera). Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.402.

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Following the first record of Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941) in the Dresden Heath area in 2019 (KURTH 2020, Sächs. Entomol. Z. 10: 71-80), the population size and density of the species was determined. M. bore mainly was found in open, sparsely vegetated, sandy areas with direct sunlight exposure. The area-weighted density of the entire study site (4.05 hectares) was 0.177 larvae/m2. Population size estimates based on random quadrat counts lead to a figure of 4000-7000 individuals - the largest known population of this species. The positive correlation between larval size and pit diameter known for this species from laboratory trials was confirmed at our study site. This correlation may allow researchers to estimate the age structure of wild populations. Given the special responsibility of Germany for the protection of this species and the size of the population, we urge the protection of the site and a prioritisation over other protected species found in the area.
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Botsford, Louis W., J. Wilson White, and Alan Hastings. Population Dynamics for Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758365.001.0001.

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This book is a quantitative exposition of our current understanding of the dynamics of plant and animal populations, with the goal that readers will be able to understand, and participate in the management of populations in the wild. The book uses mathematical models to establish the basic principles of population behaviour. It begins with a philosophical approach to mathematical models of populations. It then progresses from a description of models with a single variable, abundance, to models that describe changes in the abundance of individuals at each age, then similar models that describe populations in terms of the abundance over size, life stage, and space. The book assumes a knowledge of basic calculus, but explains more advanced mathematical concepts such as partial derivatives, matrices, and random signals, as it makes use of them. The book explains the basis of the principles underlying important population processes, such as the mechanism that allow populations to persist, rather than go extinct, the way in which populations respond to variable environments, and the origin of population cycles.The next two chapters focus on application of the principles of population dynamics to manage for the prevention of extinction, as well as the management of fisheries for sustainable, high yields. The final chapter recapitulates how different population behaviors arise in situations with different levels of density dependence and replacement (the potential lifetime reproduction per individual), and how variability arises at different time scales set by a species’ life history.
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Beer, Yishai. Military Professionalism and Humanitarian Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881146.001.0001.

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This book seeks to revitalize the humanitarian mission of the international law governing armed conflict, which is being frustrated due to states’ actual practice. In order to achieve its two aims—creating an environment in which full abidance by the law becomes an attainable norm, thus facilitating the second and more important aim of reducing human suffering—it calls for the acknowledgment of realpolitik considerations that dictate states’ and militaries’ behavior. This requires recognition of the core interests of law-abiding states, fighting in their own self-defense—those that, from their militaries’ professional perspective, are essential in order to exercise their defense. Internalizing the importance of existential security interests, when drawing the contours of the law, should not automatically come at the expense of the core values of the humanitarian agenda—for example, the distinction rule. Rather, it allows more room for the humanitarian arena. The suggested tool to allow for such an improved dialogue is the standards and principles of military professionalism. Militaries function in a professional manner; they respect their respective doctrines, operational principles, fighting techniques, and values. Their performances are not random or incidental. The suggested paradigm surfaces and leverages the constraining elements hidden in military professionalism. It suggests a new paradigm in balancing the principles of military necessity and humanity, it deals with the legality of a preemptive strike and the leveraging of military strategy as a constraining tool, and it offers a normative framework for introducing deterrence within the current contours of the law.
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Inc, Game Counsellor, ed. The Game Counsellor's answer book for Nintendo Game players: Hundredsof questions -and answers - about more than 250 popular Nintendo Games. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Random Alloy"

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Elgart, Alexander, Helge Krüger, Martin Tautenhahn, and Ivan Veselić. "Discrete Schrödinger Operators with Random Alloy-type Potential." In Spectral Analysis of Quantum Hamiltonians, 107–31. Basel: Springer Basel, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0414-1_6.

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Chang, C. S. T., A. S. C. Yeung, and B. J. Duggan. "Producing a Random Recrystallization Texture in 6111 Aluminium Alloy." In Materials Science Forum, 591–96. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-975-x.591.

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Fang, Kai-Tai, Zhen Luo, and Yung Liang Tong. "Convexity of Sets Under Normal Distribution in the Structural Alloy Steel Standard." In Recent Developments in Multivariate and Random Matrix Analysis, 41–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56773-6_3.

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Wu, Chen-Kuo, Tsung-Jui Yang, and Yuh-Renn Wu. "Influence of Random InGaN Alloy Fluctuations on GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes." In Handbook of Optoelectronic Device Modeling and Simulation, 559–88. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2017] |: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315152301-18.

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Savkin, A. N., A. A. Sedov, and K. A. Badikov. "Fatigue Crack Growth Estimation in Low-Alloy Steel Under Random Loading in Middle Section of Fatigue Diagram." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 690–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85233-7_81.

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Schnohr, Claudia S. "Binary and Ternary Random Alloys." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 29–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44362-0_2.

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Gao, Michael C., Changning Niu, Chao Jiang, and Douglas L. Irving. "Applications of Special Quasi-random Structures to High-Entropy Alloys." In High-Entropy Alloys, 333–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27013-5_10.

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Faulkner, J. S., Yang Wang, and G. M. Stocks. "Contributions to the Total Energy of Random Alloys." In Stability of Materials, 333–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0385-5_21.

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Jacobs, Swen, and Mouhammad Sakr. "AIGEN: Random Generation of Symbolic Transition Systems." In Computer Aided Verification, 435–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_20.

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AbstractAIGEN is an open source tool for the generation of transition systems in a symbolic representation. To ensure diversity, it employs a uniform random sampling over the space of all Boolean functions with a given number of variables. AIGEN relies on reduced ordered binary decision diagrams (ROBDDs) and canonical disjunctive normal form (CDNF) as canonical representations that allow us to enumerate Boolean functions, in the former case with an encoding that is inspired by data structures used to implement ROBDDs. Several parameters allow the user to restrict generation to Boolean functions or transition systems with certain properties, which are then output in AIGER format. We report on the use of AIGEN to generate random benchmark problems for the reactive synthesis competition SYNTCOMP 2019, and present a comparison of the two encodings with respect to time and memory efficiency in practice.
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Hoshino, T., and K. Masuda-Jindo. "Effective Pair Interactions in Random Alloys by Direct Configurational Averaging." In Properties of Complex Inorganic Solids, 129–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5943-6_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Random Alloy"

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TSIRONIS, G. P., and M. I. MOLINA. "ELECTRONIC PROPAGATION IN A NONLINEAR RANDOM BINARY ALLOY." In Proceedings of the International Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814503877_0044.

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Lopez, M., M. Auf der Maur, A. Pecchia, F. Sacconi, G. Penazzi, and A. Di Carica. "Simulation of random alloy effects in InGaN/GaN LEDs." In 2013 13th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nusod.2013.6633150.

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Sacconi, Fabio, Matthias Auf der Maur, Aldo Di Carlo, and Alessandro Pecchia. "Atomistic simulation of random alloy fluctuations in InGaN/GaN nanowires." In 2014 International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwce.2014.6865835.

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Mitchell, A. "Manufacturing Methods, Random Defects and Quality Assurance in Relation to the Reliability of Turbine Components." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-306.

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The present methods for life prediction in rotating parts rely heavily on an assumed distribution of potential crack initiation sites, corresponding to a distribution of properties which is determined from laboratory testing of samples of the alloy. However, as the expectations of the designer extend into increasing reliable life and also come closer to the limits of alloy performance, we also approach the limits of validity of the statistical methods used in property specification, raising the problem of the rare random defect which may be present in spite of the installed production control methodologies. This type of defect may be found in all alloys, but the specific form depends on the alloy and on the manufacturing method. In this work we give examples for high-strength steels, superalloys and titanium alloys. We propose that the most effective solution to this problem lies in the more vigorous application of process control within manufacturing fixed practices, ensuring the absence of this type of defect through control and data acquisition techniques which can identify a process anomaly and trigger rejection or down-grading of the product.
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Wu, Yuh-Renn, Chen-Kuo Wu, Chi-Kang Li, David A. Browne, and James S. Speck. "Study of percolation transport in the InGaN/AlGaN LEDs with random alloy fluctuation." In 2015 11th Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleopr.2015.7375896.

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Auf der Maur, M., A. Pecchia, and A. Di Carlo. "Influence of random alloy fluctuations in InGaN/GaN quantum wells on LED efficiency." In 2015 IEEE 1st International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtsi.2015.7325088.

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Chen-Kuo Wu, Chi-Kang Li, and Yuh-Renn Wu. "Investigation of carrier transport in nitride based LED by considering the random alloy fluctuation." In 2015 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nusod.2015.7292794.

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Guo, Xinyun, Adam Przekop, and Chuh Mei. "Reduction of Random Response of Composite Plates Using Shape Memory Alloy in Thermal Environments." In 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1635.

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Yuan, Yuan, Jiyuan Zheng, Yaohua Tan, Yiwei Peng, Ann-Kathryn Rockwell, Seth R. Bank, Avik W. Ghosh, and Joe C. Campbell. "Comparison of Excess Noise in InAlAs and AlGaAs Digital and Random Alloy Avalanche Photodiodes." In 2018 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipcon.2018.8527085.

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Powell, A. R., F. K. LeGoues, and S. S. Iyer. "Formation of β-SiC Nanocrystals by the Relaxation of Si1-yCy Random Alloy Layers." In 1993 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1993.s-i-8-3.

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Reports on the topic "Random Alloy"

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Zehner, D. (Geometrical structural properties in the selvedge region of surfaces of random alloys). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5792566.

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Zaika, Oksana V., Tetiana A. Vakaliuk, Andrii V. Riabko, Roman P. Kukharchuk, Iryna S. Mintii, and Serhiy O. Semerikov. Selection of online tools for creating math tests. [б. в.], 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4594.

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The article considers online tools for creating tests, which should be used when teaching mathematics in both higher education and general secondary education. Among the variety of online means of creating tests by the method of expert evaluation, three were identified, which allow conducting various tests both in the classroom and remotely, which are free and do not require special conditions for their use and which work on smartphones. The advantages and disadvantages of three online tools for creating tests Kahoot!, Quizizz, Classtime are analyzed, and a comparative description of the selected tools is given. Criteria for the selection of such tools were identified – functional-didactic and organizational. The following indicators belong to the functional-didactic: the presence of different types of questions, including open-ended; use of formulas, both in questions and in answers; use of pictures, both in questions and in answers; no restrictions on the length of questions and answers; instant receipt of results by the teacher, their evaluation and analysis; instant receipt of results by the respondent; to the organizational: the availability of a free version; no need to install the program; ease of use – characterizes the convenience and clarity of the interface for creating tests and their use; possibility of testing in online and offline mode; time limits, both for a single question and the whole test; random order of questions/answer options; instant demonstration of the correct answer to the respondent. With the help of expert evaluation, it was found that according to these criteria, Quizizz is the most appropriate for testing.
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Dütsch, Matthias, and Ralf Himmelreicher. Characteristics contributing to low- and minimum-wage labour in Germany. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-54129.

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In this article we examine the characteristics of individuals, companies, and industries involved in low-wage labour in Germany to understand their impact on the risks workers face of earning hourly wages that are below the minimum-wage and low-wage thresholds. To identify these characteristics, we use the Structure of Earnings Survey 2014 (SES). The SES is a mandatory survey of companies which provides information on wages and working hours from about 1 million jobs and nearly 70,000 compa-nies from all industries. This data allows us to present the first systematic analysis of the interaction of individual-, company-, and industry-level factors on minimum- and low-wage working in Germany. Using a descriptive analysis, we first give an overview of typical low-paying jobs, companies, and in-dustries. Second, we use random intercept-only models to estimate the explanatory power of the indi-vidual, company, and industry levels. One main finding is that the influence of individual characteristics on wage levels is often overstated: Less than 25 percent of the differences in the employment situa-tion regarding being employed in minimum-wage or low-wage jobs can be attributed to the individual level. Third, we performed logistic and linear regression estimations to assess the risks of having a minimum- or low-wage job and the distance between a worker’s actual earnings and the minimum- and low-wage thresholds. Our findings allow us to conclude that several determinants related to indi-viduals appear to suggest a high low-wage incidence, but in fact lose their explanatory power once controls are added for factors relating to the companies or industries that employ these individuals.
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Willis, C., F. Jorgensen, S. A. Cawthraw, H. Aird, S. Lai, M. Chattaway, I. Lock, E. Quill, and G. Raykova. A survey of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antimicrobial resistance in frozen, part-cooked, breaded or battered poultry products on retail sale in the United Kingdom. Food Standards Agency, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xvu389.

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Frozen, breaded, ready-to-cook chicken products have been implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis. Some of these outbreaks can be large. For example, one outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis involved 193 people in nine countries between 2018 and 2020, of which 122 cases were in the UK. These ready-to-cook products have a browned, cooked external appearance, which may be perceived as ready-to-eat, leading to mishandling or undercooking by consumers. Continuing concerns about these products led FSA to initiate a short-term (four month), cross-sectional surveillance study undertaken in 2021 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in frozen, breaded or battered chicken products on retail sale in the UK. This study sought to obtain data on AMR levels in Salmonella and E. coli in these products, in line with a number of other FSA instigated studies of the incidence and nature of AMR in the UK food chain, for example, the systematic review (2016). Between the beginning of April and the end of July 2021, 310 samples of frozen, breaded or battered chicken products containing either raw or partly cooked chicken, were collected using representative sampling of retailers in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland based on market share data. Samples included domestically produced and imported chicken products and were tested for E. coli (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, colistin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant E. coli) and Salmonella spp. One isolate of each bacterial type from each contaminated sample was randomly selected for additional AMR testing to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a range of antimicrobials. More detailed analysis based on Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data was used to further characterise Salmonella spp. isolates and allow the identification of potential links with human isolates. Salmonella spp. were detected in 5 (1.6%) of the 310 samples and identified as Salmonella Infantis (in three samples) and S. Java (in two samples). One of the S. Infantis isolates fell into the same genetic cluster as S. Infantis isolates from three recent human cases of infection; the second fell into another cluster containing two recent cases of infection. Countries of origin recorded on the packaging of the five Salmonella contaminated samples were Hungary (n=1), Ireland (n=2) and the UK (n=2). One S. Infantis isolate was multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to three different classes of antimicrobials), while the other Salmonella isolates were each resistant to at least one of the classes of antimicrobials tested. E. coli was detected in 113 samples (36.4%), with counts ranging from <3 to >1100 MPN (Most Probable Number)/g. Almost half of the E. coli isolates (44.5%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 20.0% of E. coli isolates. E. coli isolates demonstrating the ESBL (but not AmpC) phenotype were detected in 15 of the 310 samples (4.8%) and the AmpC phenotype alone was detected in two of the 310 samples (0.6%) of chicken samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing showed that five of the 15 (33.3%) ESBL-producing E. coli carried blaCTX-M genes (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55 or CTX-M-15), which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin antimicrobials. One E. coli isolate demonstrated resistance to colistin and was found to possess the mcr-1 gene. The five Salmonella-positive samples recovered from this study, and 20 similar Salmonella-positive samples from a previous UKHSA (2020/2021) study (which had been stored frozen), were subjected to the cooking procedures described on the sample product packaging for fan assisted ovens. No Salmonella were detected in any of these 25 samples after cooking. The current survey provides evidence of the presence of Salmonella in frozen, breaded and battered chicken products in the UK food chain, although at a considerably lower incidence than reported in an earlier (2020/2021) study carried out by PHE/UKHSA as part of an outbreak investigation where Salmonella prevalence was found to be 8.8%. The current survey also provides data on the prevalence of specified AMR bacteria found in the tested chicken products on retail sale in the UK. It will contribute to monitoring trends in AMR prevalence over time within the UK, support comparisons with data from other countries, and provide a baseline against which to monitor the impact of future interventions. While AMR activity was observed in some of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. examined in this study, the risk of acquiring AMR bacteria from consumption of these processed chicken products is low if the products are cooked thoroughly and handled hygienically.
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