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Journal articles on the topic 'Randomized Complete Block Design'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Shieh, Gwowen, and Show-Li Jan. "The effectiveness of randomized complete block design." Statistica Neerlandica 58, no. 1 (February 2004): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0039-0402.2003.00109.x.

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2

Kushwaha, Ujjawal Kumar Singh. "Characterization and Evaluation of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes in Randomized Complete Block Design." Journal of Environmental Science and Allied Research 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29199/2637-7063/esar-201020.

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3

Basford, K. E., and G. J. McLachlan. "Cluster analysis in a randomized complete block design." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 14, no. 2 (January 1985): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610928508828924.

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4

Möttönen, J., J. Hüsler, and H. Oja. "Multivariate nonparametric tests in a randomized complete block design." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 85, no. 1 (April 2003): 106–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-259x(02)00068-4.

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5

Sim, Sujin, and Dongjae Kim. "Nonparametric method using placement in a randomized complete block design." Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society 24, no. 6 (November 30, 2013): 1401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2013.24.6.1401.

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6

Esmailzadeh, Nabaz, and Reza Nikbakht. "Comparison of Variances Homogeneity Tests in Randomized Complete Block Design." Journal of Statistical Sciences 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jss.12.2.323.

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7

Gregory, Gavin G. "Cumulative Damage Survival Models for the Randomized Complete Block Design." Biometrical Journal 45, no. 2 (March 2003): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200390002.

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8

Shah, Arvind K., and P. L. Claypool. "Analysis of binary data in the randomized complete block design." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 14, no. 5 (January 1985): 1175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610928508828969.

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9

Adetola Sanuade, Oluseun, Joel Olayide Amosun, Kehinde David Oyeyemi, Tokunbo Sanmi Fagbemigun, and Jane Idowu Faloyo. "Statistical comparison of Schlumberger arrays using randomized complete block design." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1299 (August 2019): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1299/1/012066.

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10

Mahfoud, Ziyad R., and Ronald H. Randles. "Practical tests for randomized complete block designs." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 96, no. 1 (September 2005): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2004.09.005.

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11

Sanders, Doug, Mary G. Leitnaker, and Robert A. McLean. "Randomized Complete Block Designs in Industrial Studies." Quality Engineering 14, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/qen-100106880.

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12

Gezan, Salvador A., Dudley A. Huber, and Timothy L. White. "Post hoc blocking to improve heritability and precision of best linear unbiased genetic predictions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-112.

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Single-site clonal trials were simulated with a total of 256 clones "planted" in single-tree plots with three different environmental patterns: only patches (PATCH), only gradients (GRAD), and both components (ALL). Several simulated experimental designs were analyzed (a randomized complete block design; incomplete block designs with 4, 8, 16, and 32 incomplete blocks; and a row-column design) and compared with post hoc blocking of the same designs over a randomized complete block. Additionally, two more incomplete block designs (64 and 128 blocks) were superimposed after the fact to examine extremely small blocks. To select the best fit, the performance of the log-likelihood and mean standard error of the difference (SED) were studied and compared with mean individual broad-sense heritability. Improvement in statistical efficiency (or precision) were obtained with little effort using post hoc blocking. The results from post hoc blocking were promising with negligible differences compared with predesigned local control. The post hoc best designs were row-column (for ALL and PATCH) and incomplete block with eight blocks (for GRAD). Also, mean correlation between the true and predicted values (CORR) showed a reduction in efficiency for extremely small blocks, but no reduction in the genetic variance was noted as the size of the block decreased. Both of the criteria for model selection (log-likelihood and SED) showed similar trend to mean CORR, and their use is recommended.

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13

Kashif, M., M. I. Khan, M. Arif, M. Anwer, and M. Ijaz. "Efficiency of Alpha Lattice Design in Rice Field Trials in Pakistan." Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 1 (December 19, 2010): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v3i1.4773.

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Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakistan to evaluate the efficiency of alpha lattice design in field experiments. The average standard error of difference between genotypes mean is used to calculate relative efficiency of alpha lattice design. Both experiments clearly identified the advantages of small blocks. The average gain in efficiency was 119% with maximum 128%. Mean ranks comparison for both randomized complete block and alpha lattice design were performed. It was observed that the ranks were not constant across the experiments. The results emphasize that the traditional randomized complete block designs (RCBD) should be replaced by alpha lattice in the agricultural field experiments when number of varieties to be tested in an experiment increases to more than five or ten. In such a situation finding a homogeneous block is quite difficult in field experiments.Keywords: Rice; Alpha lattice design; RCBD; Pakistan.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.4773 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 91-95 (2011)

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14

Sirikasemsuk, Kittiwat. "Measure of overall regression sum of squares of symmetric randomized complete block design with a lost observation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.3 (March 8, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.3.9967.

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A randomized complete block design (RCBD) is useful for analyzing a treatment variable and one block variable under the condition where experimental units are limited. The RCBD is assumed that there is no interaction between the treatment variable and the block variable. This paper considered the symmetric randomized complete block design (SRCBD) with t treatments and t blocks, when a lost value occurs in the experiments. For the analysis of variance for the unbalanced data, the ready-made formulae were not provided in the past. The SRCBD with a lost value was analyzed by means of the fundamental underlying linear regression model in order to determine the reliable mathematical formulae for the fitted parameters and the overall regression sum of squares of experimental data. It is noted that all possible parameters are considered in the overall regression sum of squares which will be helpful for the analysis of variance through the exact approach (the model comparison approach) at a later stage.

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15

Gumpertz, M. L., and C. Brownie. "Repeated measures in randomized block and split-plot experiments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-083.

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Randomized block and split-plot designs are among the most commonly used experimental designs in forest research. Measurements for plots in a block (or subplots in a whole plot) are correlated with each other, and these correlations must be taken into account when analyzing repeated-measures data from blocked designs. The analysis is similar to repeated-measures analysis for a completely randomized design, but test statistics must allow for random block × time effects, and standard errors for treatment means must also incorporate block to block variation and variation among plots within a block. Two types of statistical analysis are often recommended for repeated-measures data: analysis of contrasts of the repeated factor and multivariate analysis of variance. A complete analysis of repeated measures should usually contain both of these components, just as in univariate analysis of variance it is often necessary to decompose the main effects into single degree of freedom contrasts to answer the research objectives. We demonstrate the multivariate analysis of variance and the analysis of contrasts in detail for two experiments. In addition, estimation of coefficients assuming a polynomial growth curve is discussed in detail for one of these experiments. The first experiment, a randomized complete block design, is a forest nutrition study of the long-term effects of midrotation nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.); the second experiment, a split-plot design, is an air-pollution study of the effects of ozone and acid precipitation on loblolly pine growth.

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16

Gerami, A. "Incomplete factorial experiments in completely randomized and randomized complete block designs." Statistics & Probability Letters 78, no. 14 (October 2008): 2058–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2008.01.075.

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17

BOYLE, CAROLYN R., and ROY D. MONTGOMERY. "An Application of the Augmented Randomized Complete Block Design to Poultry Research ,." Poultry Science 75, no. 5 (May 1996): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0750601.

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18

Kula, Kamile, and Ayşen Apaydin. "Estimation of the Randomized Complete Block Design Parameters with Fuzzy Goal Programming." Mathematical and Computational Applications 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca16030721.

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19

Giancristofaro, Rosa Arboretti, Livio Corain, and Susanna Ragazzi. "A Comparison among Combination-Based Permutation Statistics for Randomized Complete Block Design." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 41, no. 7 (August 2012): 964–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2012.625752.

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20

Xu, Jianbo, Guogen Shan, Amei Amei, Jiwei Zhao, Daniel Young, and Sheila Clark. "A modified Friedman test for randomized complete block designs." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 46, no. 2 (November 11, 2016): 1508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2015.1006777.

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21

Azadeh, A., S. M. Asadzadeh, R. Jafari-Marandi, S. Nazari-Shirkouhi, G. Baharian Khoshkhou, S. Talebi, and A. Naghavi. "Optimum estimation of missing values in randomized complete block design by genetic algorithm." Knowledge-Based Systems 37 (January 2013): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2012.06.014.

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22

C. Eze, Francis. "Choice of Confounding in the 2k Factorial Design in 2b Blocks." Academic Journal of Applied Mathematical Sciences, no. 55 (May 15, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajams.55.50.56.

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In 2k complete factorial experiment, the experiment must be carried out in a completely randomized design. When the numbers of factors increase, the number of treatment combinations increase and it is not possible to accommodate all these treatment combinations in one homogeneous block. In this case, confounding in more than one incomplete block becomes necessary. In this paper, we considered the choice of confounding when k > 2. Our findings show that the choice of confounding depends on the number of factors, the number of blocks and their sizes. When two more interactions are to be confounded, their product module 2 should be considered and thereafter, a linear combination equation should be used in allocating the treatment effects in the principal block. Other contents in other blocks are generated by multiplication module 2 of the effects not in the principal block. Partial confounding is recommended for the interactions that cannot be confounded.

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23

Scott, R. A., and G. A. Milliken. "A SAS Program for Analyzing Augmented Randomized Complete‐Block Designs." Crop Science 33, no. 4 (July 1993): 865–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300040046x.

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24

Kao, L. H., and S. Chakraborti. "Nonparametric procedures for comparing treatments with a control in a randomized complete block design." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 27, no. 3 (January 1998): 687–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929808832121.

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25

Sirikasemsuk, Kittiwat, Kanogkan Leerojanaprapa, and Sirisak Sirikasemsuk. "Full-Model Regression Sum of Squares of Randomized Complete Block Design Having One Unrecorded Observation." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 2321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.7893.

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26

Souza, Elaine Aparecida de, Isaias Olívio Geraldi, Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho, and Fernando de Lelis Garcia Bertolucci. "Experimental alternatives for evaluation of progenies and clones in eucalyptus breeding programs." Revista Árvore 27, no. 4 (August 2003): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622003000400002.

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The feasibility of using augmented block designs and spatial analysis methods for early stage selection in eucalyptus breeding programs was tested. A total of 113 half-sib progenies of Eucalyptus urophylla and eight clones were evaluated in an 11 x 11 triple lattice experiment at two locations: Posto da Mata (Bahia, Brazil) and São Mateus (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Four checks were randomly allocated within each block. Plots consisted of 15 m long rows containing 6 plants spaced 3 m apart. The girth at breast height (cm/plant) was evaluated at 19 and 26 months of age. Variance analyses were performed according to the following methods: lattice design, randomized complete block design, augmented block design, Papadakis method, moving means method, and check plots. Comparisons among different methods were based on the magnitude of experimental errors and precision of the estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters. General results indicated that augmented block design is useful to evaluate progenies and clones in early selection in eucalyptus breeding programs using moderate and low selection intensities. However, this design is not suitable for estimating genetic and phenotypic parameters due to its low precision. Check plots, nearest neighbour, Papadakis (1937), and moving means methods were efficient in removing the heterogeneity within blocks. These efficiencies were compared to that in lattice analysis for estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters.

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27

Katsileros, Anastasios, and Christos Koukouvinos. "Evaluation of experimental designs in durum wheat trials." Biometrical Letters 52, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bile-2015-0010.

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Abstract Variability among experimental plots may be a relevant problem in field genotype experiments, especially when a large number of entries are involved. Four field trials on 24 durum wheat genotypes were conducted in 2013/14 in order to evaluate the efficiency of Incomplete Block, Alpha and Augmented designs in comparison with the traditional Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results showed that the RCBD can be replaced by an Alpha design, which provides better control of variability among the experimental units when the number of treatments to be tested in an experiment exceeds twenty. The ranking of the genotypes across the four designs was not constant.

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28

Tharangani, Himali, Changwen Lu, Liansheng Zhao, Lu Ma, Xusheng Guo, William P. Weiss, and Dengpan Bu. "Estimation of between-Cow Variability in Nutrient Digestion of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Corn-Based Diets." Animals 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081363.

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The objective of this study was to estimate cow variability that can be used to determine the optimal sample size for digestibility trials using lactating dairy cows. Experimental design was randomized complete block design having three blocks and three dietary treatments. Three similarly managed nearby intensive farms were considered as blocks, and three diets were formulated to have 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 neutral detergent fiber (NDF): starch ratio. In each farm, 18 cows were assigned for each dietary treatment and five sample sizes per each treatment group were simulated by simple random sampling of data from 18, 15, 12, 9 and 6 cows respectively. Intake was not affected by diet or sample size (p > 0.05). Estimated cow variability (as standard deviation) for digestibility of dry matter, NDF and starch were 3.8 g/kg, 5.1 g/kg and 3.3 g/kg, respectively. A major implication of this study is that cow variability is greatest for NDF digestibility and the use of a minimum of 12 cows per dietary treatment is adequate to reliably detect treatment effects on the digestibility of NDF, starch and dry matter using cows fed in groups with randomized block design under these experimental conditions.

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29

Giancristofaro, Rosa Arboretti, Livio Corain, and Susanna Ragazzi. "The Multivariate Randomized Complete Block Design: A Novel Permutation Solution in Case of Ordered Categorical Variables." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 41, no. 16-17 (August 2012): 3094–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2011.601836.

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30

Szulc, Piotr, Iwona Mejza, Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska, Kamila Nowosad, and Jan Bocianowski. "The comparison of three models applied to the analysis of a three-factor trial on hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars." Biometrical Letters 53, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bile-2016-0004.

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SummaryThe aim of this paper is to present the comparison of three models applied to the analysis of a one-year study of protein yield for two types of hybrid maize cultivars under different forms of nitrogen fertilizer and doses of magnesium. The field trial was conducted in 2010 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Swadzim (Poland). The results obtained were analyzed in terms of three randomization-derived models of observations. Consideration was given to three mixed systems, which are combinations of split-plot design, split-block design and randomized complete block design. The relative efficiency of the designs with respect to estimation of some comparisons among treatment combination effects was examined. Particular attention was paid to the interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilization.

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31

ZHANG, Jiu-Quan, Hui-Feng YAN, Ji-Deng CHU, and Cai-Bin LI. "Statistical analysis of randomized complete block design with repeated measure data using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLIMMIX)." Acta Agronomica Sinica 47, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2021.04085.

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32

Laurent, Roy St, and Philip Turk. "Power of a Rank-Based Test for Differences Between Treatment Distributions in a Randomized Complete Block Design." Journal of Data Science 12, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.6339/jds.201407_12(3).0003.

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33

Odoom, Daniel Asomning, Joseph Xorse Kugbe, Israel Kwame Dzomeku, Albert Berdjour, Dennis Owusu Boateng, Richard Naabe Yaro, Prince Wireko, Ebenezer Kofi Sam, and Philip Ghanney. "Impact of Production Inputs and Timing on Crackness of Rice in Northern Ghana." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9982911.

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Under rain-fed conditions, perfumed rice production in Northern Ghana is associated with high paddy cracking during milling. In this study, 4 perfumed rice varieties, 6 staggered planting times, 6 staggered harvesting cycles, and staggered storage duration from harvest to six months of storage were used in a randomized complete block design to identify the best combination of factors that are associated with low cracking in rice production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three geographically distinct locations serving as replicates. Grain moisture and paddy crackness were determined. The results indicated a mixed factorial interaction for all measured variables. Early planting, early harvesting, and short storage duration reduced paddy cracking compared to late treatments ( P < 0.05 ). For all treatment combinations, milling within two weeks after harvesting was associated with lower cracking as long as the harvesting cycle did not exceed the fourth cycle. After the second month of storage, percentage cracking was high, approaching 90% in most cases.

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34

Hora, Stephen C., and Ronald L. Iman. "Asymptotic Relative Efficiencies of the Rank-Transformation Procedure in Randomized Complete Block Designs." Journal of the American Statistical Association 83, no. 402 (June 1988): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1988.10478618.

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35

Benzon, Honorio T., Sanjay Sharma, and Arthur Calimaran. "Comparison of the Different Approaches to Saphenous Nerve Block." Anesthesiology 102, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200503000-00023.

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Background The authors compared the efficacy of the different approaches to saphenous nerve block. Methods The following approaches to saphenous nerve block were compared in 10 volunteers: perifemoral, transsartorial, block at the medial femoral condyle, below-the-knee field block, and blockade at the level of the medial malleolus. Each volunteer underwent all five blocks, and the interval between blocks was 3-7 days. The sequence of injection was randomized by Latin square design. Sensory blockade at the medial aspects of the leg and foot and the strength of the anterior thigh muscles were noted. Results The transsartorial, perifemoral, and below-the-knee field block approaches were more effective than block at the medial femoral condyle in providing sensory anesthesia to the medial aspect of the leg. The transsartorial approach was more effective than block at the medial femoral condyle and below-the-knee field block in providing sensory anesthesia to the medial aspect of the foot. Compared with the perifemoral approach, the transsartorial approach did not cause weakness of the hip flexors and the knee extensors. In volunteers with partial numbness in the medial aspect of the foot, supplemental block of the medial dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve resulted in complete sensory blockade. Conclusions Sensory blockade in the medial aspects of the leg and foot is best achieved with the transsartorial approach. In some subjects, supplementary block of the medial dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve may have to be performed to assure complete numbness of the medial aspect of the foot.

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36

Adli, Danung Nur, and Osfar Sjofjan. "Effect of Dietary Symbiotic and Acidifier on Growth Performance and Nutrients Digestibility in Growing Pigs Crossbreed." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Indonesia (JITPI), Indonesian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jitpi.v6i2.75.

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The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary probiotic enhanced liquid acidifier combined with mannan-rich fraction on growth performance, nutrients digestibility in growing pigs. Thirty [(Duroc×Yorkshire)×Landrace] pigs with the average initial BW of 36.75±1.57 kg were allocated into three treatments by a randomized complete block design. There were five pens per treatment with six pigs per pen. Dietary treatments include: 1) CON (basal diet); 2) T1 (basal diet+probiotic 0.1%) and 3) T2 (basal diet+probiotic+mannan rich fraction 0.2%). the data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using of SAS University Version 4.0. The model included the effects of block (replication) and treatment. Pen served as the experimental unit. During the entire experimental period of 6 weeks, results showed that addition of complex probiotic at the level of 0.2% to diet increased ADG significantly (p<0.05). Also, digestibility of DM and N tended to increase. To sum up, results in this experiment indicated that dietary [(probiotik×acidifier)×mannan-rich-fraction] supplementation had a positive effect on growing pigs performance and nutrient digestibility

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37

Fu, Yong-Bi, G. Peter Y. Clarke, Gene Namkoong, and Alvin D. Yanchuk. "Incomplete block designs for genetic testing: statistical efficiencies of estimating family means." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-072.

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A half-sib progeny trial with single-tree plots on one test site of various environmental variations is simulated to examine the relative statistical efficiencies of randomized incomplete block designs (ICBs) over their corresponding randomized complete block design (RCB) in estimating family means. The ICBs with full constraint (FC), half constraint (HC), and no constraint (NC) over replicates and an alpha design (Alpha) are considered. A geostatistical spatial model is employed, which allows specifications of patchy and systematic environmental variations across the test site and estimations of block and error components with SAS PROC MIXED. The simulation shows that Alpha is the most efficient ICB in the 21 scenarios of patchy and systematic site variations, followed by NC and HC, and these ICBs (except FC) are generally more efficient than RCB in terms of the average variance of a family mean contrast. The gains in statistical efficiencies with implementations of Alpha and NC (rather than RCB) in forest genetic testing can be high, depending largely on the nature (and level) of spatial environmental variation. Practical implications of these simulated results for forest genetic trials are discussed.

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38

Kumar, A., B. Bharti, J. Kumar, D. Bhatia, G. P. Singh, J. P. Jaiswal, and R. Prasad. "Improving the efficiency of wheat breeding experiments using alpha lattice design over randomised complete block design." Cereal Research Communications 48, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00014-3.

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39

Vollmann, J., H. Buerstmayr, and P. Ruckenbauer. "Efficient Control of Spatial Variation in Yield Trials Using Neighbour Plot Residuals." Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 2 (April 1996): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700026090.

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SUMMARYThe effect of spatial variation on experimental error variance and the significance of differences between genetic entries was evaluated in five performance trials. A significant portion of spatial variation could be detected in all the experiments investigated and various neighbour plot residuals were applied to adjust for local field trends. Neighbour plot adjustment was clearly more efficient than the randomized complete block design in reducing error variance and in detecting significant differences between entries. It was also more efficient than lattice designs in trial fields exhibiting short distance trends, which could not be covered efficiently by incomplete blocks. In most experiments with long and narrow plots, longitudinal adjustment using two neighbours at each side of a test plot was superior to adjustment by only one ‘nearest’ neighbour.

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40

Alhrout, Hussein Hussein. "Response of Growth and Yield Components of Sweet Pepper to Tow Different Kinds of Fertilizers under Green House Conditions in Jordan." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n10p265.

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Intensive agriculture is a farming system characterized by a lot use of input, causing a harm stress on the environment, as well as high price of inorganic fertilizers discouraged some farmers in Jordan to apply fertilizers to their crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of chicken manure and NPK on growth and yield of sweet pepper (Caspicum annum L.), A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Albalqa applied university research station in Jordan using randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times. Three treatments were used using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications: control (without fertilizer), chicken manure at the rate of 15 t/ha, and NPK (15:15:30) with trace elements at 100 Kg/ha. We evaluated plant height (cm), leaves number per plant, number of days to 50% flowering, fruit number per plant, fruit length, yield of fruit per plant (kg), and yield of fruit per hectare (t/ha). Treatments showed significant differences between. The NPK treatment gave the highest plant height (cm), leaves number per plant, fruits number per plant, yield of fruits per plant (kg), and yield of fruits per hectare (t/ha).

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41

Zhang, F., D. Ragland, and O. Adeola. "Comparison of apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium sources for pigs." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 96, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2016-0043.

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Two experiments were conducted to compare apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of calcium (Ca) in pigs. In experiment 1, three semipurified diets with soybean meal, canola meal, or sunflower meal as the sole source of Ca were formulated. Eighteen cannulated pigs (initial BW = 66 ± 5 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to three treatments and six replicates per treatment. Results indicated that for either Ca or phosphorus (P), the ATTD was not different from the AID in the three diets (Psite = 0.16 and 0.81, respectively). In experiment 2, diets with four Ca concentrations were formulated with calcium carbonate as the Ca source. Sixteen cannulated pigs (initial BW = 73 ± 4 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to four treatments in two experimental periods. The results indicated that the ATTD of Ca was not different from the AID for all diets. Furthermore, the Ca digestibility was not affected by dietary treatments, but the P digestibility was linearly improved (P < 0.01) as dietary Ca and P concentrations increased. Thus, it is concluded that both AID and ATTD can be used to describe the digestibility of Ca for growing–finishing pigs.

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Cloyd, Raymond A., and Clifford S. Sadof. "Flower Quality, Flower Number, and Western Flower Thrips Density on Transvaal Daisy Treated with Granular Insecticides." HortTechnology 8, no. 4 (October 1998): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.8.4.567.

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Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of two granular systemic insecticides, acephate (Pinpoint 15G) and imidacloprid (Marathon 1G), against western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) on Transvaal daisy (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex. Hook. f). These studies were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with four blocks and four treatments per block. Two rates of acephate (0.75 g/16.5-cm pot and 1.0 g/16.5-cm pot) and one rate of imidacloprid (1.3 g/16.5-cm pot) were used in two studies. Plants were artificially inoculated with five adult western flower thrips at the prebloom stage. Plants were evaluated each week for flower quality (1 = complete injury or flower distortion to 5 = no injury), thrips density per flower, and number of plants flowering in each plot. Both studies showed that the acephate treated plants had the best flower quality, lowest numbers of thrips, and greatest number of plants flowering compared to imidacloprid and the check. These studies demonstrate that granulated acephate exhibits some activity in flower tissue and may assist growers in managing western flower thrips in floricultural crops.

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YAU, S. K. "Efficiency of alpha-lattice designs in international variety yield trials of barley and wheat." Journal of Agricultural Science 128, no. 1 (February 1997): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859696003966.

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Use of an alpha-lattice design in 714 international yield trials of barley, durum wheat and bread wheat in 1990/91 to 1992/93 resulted in an average efficiency 18% higher than the randomized complete block design when average variance was used as the comparison criterion. Alpha-lattice was generally most efficient when the C.V.s of the trials were high. It was also slightly more efficient for low-yielding than for high-yielding trials, and for rainfed than for irrigated trials. Since the changeover to alpha-lattice designs requires no new major input or changes in present field layout, its use for international trials is recommended.

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Koefender, Jana, André Schoffel, Candida Elisa Manfio, and Diego Pascoal Golle. "Biomass and nutrient cycling by winter cover crops." Revista Ceres 63, no. 6 (December 2016): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201663060010.

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ABSTRACT Cover crops are of fundamental importance for the sustainability of the no-tillage system, to ensure soil coverage and to provide benefits for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of biomass and the content and accumulation of nutrients by winter cover crops. The experimental design used in the experiment was a randomized complete block with four replications and six treatments: oilseed radish, vetch, black oats, vetch + black oats, vetch + oilseed radish and fallow. Black oat, oilseed radish in single cultivation and black oat + vetch and vetch + oilseed radish intercroppings showed higher dry matter production. Vetch + oilseed radish intercropping demonstrates higher performance regarding cycling of nutrients, with higher accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and B.

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45

Kao, L. H., and S. Chakraborti. "One-sided sign-type non-parametric procedures for comparing treatments with a control in a randomized complete block design." Journal of Applied Statistics 24, no. 3 (June 1997): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664769723666.

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Cartagena, Hilda Calderon, Christopher I. Vahl, and Steve S. Dritz. "PSII-7 Type I error rates of two strategies to analyze a randomized complete block design within multiple sites." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.414.

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Abstract It is not unusual to come across randomized complete block designs (RCBD) replicated over a small number of sites in swine nutrition trials. For example, pens could be blocked by location or by initial body weight within three rooms or barns. One possibility is to analyze this design with the assumption of no treatment by site interaction which implies treatment differences are similar across all sites. This assumption might not always seem reasonable and site by treatment interaction could be included in the analysis to account for these differences should they exist. However, the site by treatment mean square becomes the error term for evaluating treatment. The objective of this study was to provide a recommendation of a practical strategy based on Type I error rates estimated from a simulation study. Scenarios with and without site by treatment interaction were considered with three sites and equal means across four treatments. The variance component for the error was set to 1 and the rest were either selected to be equal (σ2s = σ2b = σ2s*t =1) or one of them was set to 10. For the scenarios with no site by treatment interaction, σ2s*t = 0, for a total of 7 scenarios. Each scenario was simulated 10,000 times. For each simulation, both strategies were applied. The Kenward-Rodger approximation (KR) to the denominator degrees of freedom was also considered. Type I errors were estimated as the proportion of simulations with a significant treatment effect with α = 0.05. Overall, there was no evidence Type I error rates were inflated when the site by treatment interaction was omitted, even when σ2s*t = 10. The KR had no effect. In contrast, including the interaction term leads to a highly conservative Type I error rate far below the 5% level which results in a reduction of power; however, using KR mitigated the conservativeness.

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Muniappan, R., and I. U. Silva-Krott. "Head Cabbage, Microbial Control of Cutworm, Webworm, Cluster Caterpillar and Gardenlooper, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.66.

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Abstract The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Guam, at the Inarajan site. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications. Each treatment consisted of four rows of head cabbage with eight plants on each row. Replications were separated by 60 cm of bare soil. Cabbage seedlings were planted 2 Mar 1993

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Turiel, Thomas P. "A FORTRAN Program to Determine Sample Sizes and Generate Power Curves for Completely Randomized and Randomized Complete Block Designs." Journal of Quality Technology 21, no. 4 (October 1989): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224065.1989.11979186.

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Svenson, Sven E. "Interaction of Irrigation Frequency and Container Drain Hole Design on Growth of Three Nursery Crops." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 473e—474. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.473e.

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Three replicate blocks were installed for high-, medium-, and low-frequency irrigation, providing the equivalent of 25 mm, 8.75 mm, or 5.5 mm of daily rainfall, respectively. For three ornamental plants potted in 2.5-L pots, three container designs were tested: traditional drainholes located at the base of the sidewall (0% water storage), drainholes raised on the sidewall to provide 20% water storage (based on a water-filled pot), or drainholes raised on the sidewall to provide 40% water storage. The experiment was a 3 irrigation frequency × 3 container design factorial treatment arrangement within a randomized complete-block design using 10 representative plants of each species within each of three replicate blocks. The largest Ilex `Hetzii', Rhododendron `Hino Crimson', and Geranium `Claridge Druce' were grown using high-frequency irrigation with 0% water storage or using medium-frequency irrigation with 20% water storage. Geranium shoot weight was significantly less only when grown using low-frequency irrigation in containers with 0% water storage, or when grown using high-frequency irrigation in containers with 40% water storage. Of the three species tested, only Ilex `Hetzii' grew roots below the level of the raised drainholes, with these roots exhibiting thickened, enlarged diameters.

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Aziz, Fahrurrozi, and Katrine A. Stewart. "EFFECT OF SPECTRAL QUALITIES OF PLASTIC MULCH ON WEED DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH." HortScience 29, no. 4 (April 1994): 251c—251. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.4.251c.

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The types of plastic mulch used in horticultural production often fulfill only a few of the grower's needs. Black plastic mulch controls weeds, but can burn young plants. Clear mulch, while warming the soil and enhancing early crop growth, allows prolific weed growth and development. Accordingly, an experiment using a randomized complete-block design with-four replications was set up to compare the effects of black, microperforated black, silver, and wavelength-selective (IRT-76) green mulches, and bare soil on weed growth and development, and on soil temperature and moisture. Each mulch was evaluated for its optical properties. All mulches significantly reduced final stands of seeded weeds compared with bare soil. IRT-76 green had the warmest mean soil temperatures, followed by silver, black, and microperforated black mulches, and bare soil. Soil moisture content was generally higher under plastic mulches than bare soil.

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