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Journal articles on the topic 'Randomized encouragement design'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Zhou, Xiao-Hua, and Sierra M. Li. "ITT analysis of randomized encouragement design studies with missing data." Statistics in Medicine 25, no. 16 (2006): 2737–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.2388.

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Lim, Wen Chiang, Neil Heffernan, and Adam Sales. "Evaluating the Effects of Assignment Report Usage on Student Outcomes in an Intelligent Tutoring System: A Randomized-Encouragement Design." Journal of Educational Data Mining 17, no. 1 (2025): 248–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15366697.

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As online learning platforms become more popular and deeply integrated into education, understanding their effectiveness and what drives that effectiveness becomes increasingly important. While there is extensive prior research illustrating the benefits of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for student learning, there is comparatively less focus on how teachers' use of ITS impacts student outcomes. Much existing research on teachers' ITS usage relies on qualitative studies, small-scale experiments, or survey data, making it difficult to identify the causal effects of their engagement with thes

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Eckles, Dean, René F. Kizilcec, and Eytan Bakshy. "Estimating peer effects in networks with peer encouragement designs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 27 (2016): 7316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511201113.

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Peer effects, in which the behavior of an individual is affected by the behavior of their peers, are central to social science. Because peer effects are often confounded with homophily and common external causes, recent work has used randomized experiments to estimate effects of specific peer behaviors. These experiments have often relied on the experimenter being able to randomly modulate mechanisms by which peer behavior is transmitted to a focal individual. We describe experimental designs that instead randomly assign individuals’ peers to encouragements to behaviors that directly affect th

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Capuno, Joseph, Aleli Kraft, and Owen O'Donnell. "Effectiveness of clinic-based cardiovascular disease prevention: A randomized encouragement design experiment in the Philippines." Social Science & Medicine 283 (August 2021): 114194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114194.

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Shimada, Stephanie L., Mark S. Zocchi, Timothy P. Hogan, et al. "Impact of Patient-Clinical Team Secure Messaging on Communication Patterns and Patient Experience: Randomized Encouragement Design Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (2020): e22307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22307.

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Background Although secure messaging (SM) between patients and clinical team members is a recommended component of continuous care, uptake by patients remains relatively low. We designed a multicomponent Supported Adoption Program (SAP) to increase SM adoption among patients using the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) for primary care. Objective Our goals were to (1) conduct a multisite, randomized, encouragement design trial to test the effectiveness of an SAP designed to increase patient engagement with SM through VHA’s online patient portal (My HealtheVet [MHV]) and (2) evaluate the impa

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Keller, Tamás, and Péter Szakál. "Not just words! Effects of a light-touch randomized encouragement intervention on students’ exam grades, self-efficacy, motivation, and test anxiety." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0256960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256960.

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Motivated by the self-determination theory of psychology, we investigate how simple school practices can forge students’ engagement with the academic aspect of school life. We carried out a large-scale preregistered randomized field experiment with a crossover design, involving all the students of the University of Szeged in Hungary. Our intervention consisted of an automated encouragement message that praised students’ past achievements and signaled trust in their success. The treated students received encouragement messages before their exam via two channels: e-mail and SMS message. The cont

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Agusli, Gunawan, and Charles Charles. "Pengaruh Metode Card Short Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadis Kelas VII Di SMPIT Sahabat Qur’an Kota Sawahlunto." Faidatuna 4, no. 4 (2023): 142–51. https://doi.org/10.53958/ft.v4i4.389.

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This research was motivated by the low level of encouragement and results of practicing the Quran Hadith for category VII students at SMPIT Kawan Quran. The aim of this research is to identify the impact of the card sort procedure in the main review of strengthening my faith by worshiping the encouragement and results of practicing the Qur'an Hadith at SMPIT Kawan Qur'an, Sawahlunto City. This type of research is imaginary research, with the concept of randomized control group only design research. Based on research results, it was found that in general the encouragement of students for each m

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Sahli, Faten, Mohamed Mansour Bouzouraa, Mahmoud Rebhi, et al. "Enhancing Skills, Mood, and Performance in Overweight Handball Players: Exploring Individual vs. Collective Verbal Encouragement Strategies." Children 11, no. 4 (2024): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11040432.

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This comparative study investigates the effectiveness of two teaching methods, individual verbal encouragement and collective verbal encouragement, in enhancing the technical–tactical skills and mood state of obese students during handball matches. This study employs a randomized controlled design and involves 28 overweight students (50% females), age: 17.4 ± 2.08 years and BMI: 26.8 ± 1.5 for females and 27.3 ± 2.1 for males. Technical–tactical skills are assessed through performance metrics (individual evaluation proposal by Gréhaigne) such as Ball Played (BP), Conquered Ball (CB), Lost Ball

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Sahli, Faten, Nidhal Jebabli, Okba Selmi, et al. "Effect of Verbal Encouragement on Performance and Affective Responses in Male Sport Science Students during Sprint Modalities." Sports 12, no. 4 (2024): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports12040108.

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This investigation aimed to examine the effect of verbal encouragement teacher to student (VETS) versus verbal encouragement student to student (VESS) on physical performance and affective responses during different modalities of sprint tests in active male students. In a randomized crossover design, twenty-two male sport science students (age: 21 ± 1.2 years, body height: 1.77 ± 0.3 m, body mass: 76.6 ± 2.1 kg, BMI: 22.9 ± 1.3 kg·m−2) performed linear and change-of-direction sprint tests under one of three conditions: (1) VETS; (2) VETS; (3) no verbal encouragement. In each condition, partici

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Yates, Thomas, Melanie Davies, Trish Gorely, Fiona Bull, and Kamlesh Khunti. "Rationale, design and baseline data from the Pre-diabetes Risk Education and Physical Activity Recommendation and Encouragement (PREPARE) programme study: A randomized controlled trial." Patient Education and Counseling 73, no. 2 (2008): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.06.010.

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Burnfield, Judith M., Bernadette McCrory, Yu Shu, Thad W. Buster, Adam P. Taylor, and Amy J. Goldman. "Comparative Kinematic and Electromyographic Assessment of Clinician- and Device-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Transfers in Patients With Stroke." Physical Therapy 93, no. 10 (2013): 1331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20120500.

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Background Workplace injuries from patient handling are prevalent. With the adoption of no-lift policies, sit-to-stand transfer devices have emerged as one tool to combat injuries. However, the therapeutic value associated with sit-to-stand transfers with the use of an assistive apparatus cannot be determined due to a lack of evidence-based data. Objective The aim of this study was to compare clinician-assisted, device-assisted, and the combination of clinician- and device-assisted sit-to-stand transfers in individuals who recently had a stroke. Design This cross-sectional, controlled laborato

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Samefors, Maria, A. Tengblad, and C. J. Östgren. "Sunlight Exposure and Vitamin D Levels in Older People-An Intervention Study in Swedish Nursing Homes." Journal of nutrition, health & aging 24, no. 10 (2020): 1047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1435-z.

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Abstract Objectives Older people are recommended to take oral vitamin D supplements, but the main source of vitamin D is sunlight. Our aim was to explore whether active encouragement to spend time outdoors could increase the levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and increase the mental well-being of nursing home residents. Design A cluster randomized intervention trial. Setting Nursing homes in southern Sweden. Participants In total 40 people >65 years. Intervention The intervention group was encouraged to go outside for 20–30 minutes between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. every day for two mon

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Crotin, Ryan L., and Christian Conforti. "An Exploratory Study on Subject-Specific Throwing Arm Strength Responses to a Novel Intra-Abdominal Pressure Belt Worn by Collegiate Baseball Pitchers." Sports 13, no. 4 (2025): 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040113.

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Throwing arm injuries in baseball are related to throwing arm weakness. This case study investigated potential arm strength improvements owed to wearing a specialized intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) to prime arm strength prior to simulated competition. The randomized study design involving 13 collegiate pitchers who threw 3 bullpens of 40 pitches with visual encouragement through an LED-integrated radar gun unit wearing their typical belt, an IAP belt at regular length, and the IAP belt with 2 in cinch. A portable dynamometer evaluated throwing arm strength prior to bullpen sessions wearing eac

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Samuel-Hodge, Carmen D., Thomas C. Keyserling, Sola Park, Larry F. Johnston, Ziya Gizlice, and Shrikant I. Bangdiwala. "A Randomized Trial of a Church-Based Diabetes Self-management Program for African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 35, no. 3 (2009): 439–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721709333270.

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Purpose This study developed and tested a culturally appropriate, church-based intervention to improve diabetes self-management. Research Design and Methods This was a randomized trial conducted at 24 African American churches in central North Carolina. Churches were randomized to receive the special intervention (SI; 13 churches, 117 participants) or the minimal intervention (MI; 11 churches, 84 participants). The SI included an 8-month intensive phase, consisting of 1 individual counseling visit, 12 group sessions, monthly phone contacts, and 3 encouragement postcards, followed by a 4-month

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Nepali, Deepak Kumar, and Keshav Lall Maharjan. "Assessing the Impact of Hermetic Storage Technology on Storage Quantity and Post-Harvest Storage Losses Among Smallholding Maize Farmers in Nepal." Agriculture 15, no. 2 (2025): 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15020151.

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Promoting smallholding farmers to use improved storage technology is pivotal to enhance the sustainable agri-food system. Studies suggest that hermetic storage technology reduces post-harvest storage losses, improves grain quality, and enhances food security. However, weak causal evidence is prevalent due to confounding and endogeneity issues in such studies. Hence, this study examines the impact of hermetic storage bags through a randomized encouragement design, using the instrumental variable (IV) approach, among 692 smallholding farmers in Nepal, where maize is one of the major food crops.

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Mullally, Conner, Steve Boucher, and Michael Carter. "Encouraging Development: Randomized Encouragement Designs in Agriculture." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 95, no. 5 (2013): 1352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aat041.

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Novetra, Joka, Yasep Kartawijaya, Johansyah Lubis, et al. "Impact of video modeling training with verbal encouragement on the technical performance and mental toughness of novice karate athletes: an experimental study at Jakarta state university." Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity 11, no. 2 (2025): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.2.11258.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of video modeling training (VMT)+verbal encouragement (VE) towards the enhancement of technical performance (TP), and mental toughness (MT) among novice karate athletes. A true experimental design with a randomized control trial (RCT) was adopted in this study. 54 entry-level karate athletes were randomly devided in to control group (CG, n = 27, 11.7±0.72 year, 149±2.76 cm, 44.0±2.51 kg, 21.7±0.92 kg/m2), and experimental group (VMT+VE, n = 27, 12.3±0.76 year, 150±3.39 cm, 44.3±2.30 kg, 21.9±0.84 kg/m2). TPT, and KPT were used to measure technical performa

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Longstaffe, Sally, Michael E. K. Moffatt, and Jeanne C. Whalen. "Behavioral and Self-Concept Changes After Six Months of Enuresis Treatment: A Randomized, Controlled Trial." Pediatrics 105, Supplement_3 (2000): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.105.s3.935.

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Background. Previous studies have suggested changes in self-concept with successful treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE), but behavioral changes have not been reported as a consistent associated finding. Objective. To determine if self-concept and behavior change after 6 months of treatment of monosymptomatic PNE by conditioning alarm or desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). Design. Randomized, controlled trial in an inner-city hospital clinic. Subjects were 182 children referred or recruited through media publicity, randomly assigned both to 1 of 8 pediatricians and 1 of 3 treatment groups (

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Augustson, Erik, Michael M. Engelgau, Shu Zhang, et al. "Text to Quit China: An mHealth Smoking Cessation Trial." American Journal of Health Promotion 31, no. 3 (2016): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.140812-quan-399.

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Purpose. To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a text message–based smoking cessation intervention in China. Design. Study design was a randomized control trial with a 6-month follow-up assessment of smoking status. Setting. Zhejiang, Heilongjiang, and Shaanxi provinces in China provided the study setting. Subjects. A total of 8000 adult smokers in China who used Nokia Life Tools and participated in phase 2 (smoking education via text message) of the study were included. Intervention. The high-frequency text contact (HFTC) group received one to three messages daily containi

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Birinci, Yakup Zühtü, Serkan Pancar, and Yusuf Soylu. "Comparison of the Acute Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse and Coach Encouragement on Kinematic Profiles During Small-Sided Games in Young Male Soccer Players." Nutrients 17, no. 3 (2025): 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030546.

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Background: Carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CHOmr), a nutritional intervention for delaying fatigue and meeting the energy demands of soccer, and the motivational strategy of coach encouragement (CE) are widely recognized as effective approaches for enhancing athletic performance in soccer. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of CHOmr + CE, CHOmr, and CE on heart rate (HR) and kinematic profiles during four-a-side small-sided soccer games (SSGs). Methods: Twenty-four young soccer players (age: 17.2 ± 0.8 years) played six bouts of four-a-side SSGs with CHOmr + CE, CHOmr, or CE at 3

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Widgren, Ylva, Per Fransson, and Anna Efverman. "Acupuncture in Patients Undergoing Cancer Therapy: Their Interest and Belief in Acupuncture is High, But Few are Using It." Integrative Cancer Therapies 21 (January 2022): 153473542210772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15347354221077277.

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Objectives: Since pre-existing expectations, that is, beliefs, in a treatment may modify outcomes, and acupuncture studies often fail to measure expectations, we wanted to investigate the use of acupuncture, interest, and belief in acupuncture effects among patients undergoing cancer therapy. Method: A cross-sectional design, where the participants answered a study-specific questionnaire with questions regarding their use of, interest and belief in acupuncture treatment. Results: A total of 457 patients with cancer (48% men, mean age 65 years) answered the questionnaire. Acupuncture was used b

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Akinbobola, Akinyemi Olufunminiyi, and Abiodun Adekunle Bada. "The acquisition of science process skills through entrepreneurial physics education in senior secondary schools." Research and Evaluation in Education 8, no. 2 (2022): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/reid.v8i2.48787.

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The need for the acquisition of science process skills is gaining acceptance in secondary school as a crucial preparatory skill for promoting entrepreneurship. The problem of unemployment is a challenge facing many developing nations, with no exception to the developed nations. In the current study, the effect of the acquisition of science process skills through entrepreneurship education on 125 Nigerian senior secondary school students’ achievement and retention in “Physics in Technology” was investigated. The study adopts the randomized pre-test-post-test control group quasi-experimental des

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Rivera, Rebecca, Richard Holden, Mariah Adams, Emily Dawkins, Wanzhu Tu, and Daniel Clark. "DELIVERING FOOD RESOURCES AND KITCHEN SKILLS TO OLDER ADULTS WITH FOOD INSECURITY AND HYPERTENSION." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2036.

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Abstract Non-Hispanic Black adults experience higher rates of food insecurity, poor diet quality, and hypertension compared with their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Delivering Food Resources and Kitchen Skills (FoRKS) is an integrated intervention that concurrently addresses food insecurity, nutrition literacy, and chronic disease self-management among older patients at a Federally Qualified Health Center. Two clinical dietitians led virtual hypertension self-management, cooking skills, and nutrition education classes twice per week for 16 weeks. Participants registered for classes, ordered

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Oppezzo, Marily, Jennifer Tremmel, Manisha Desai, et al. "Twitter-Based Social Support Added to Fitbit Self-Monitoring for Decreasing Sedentary Behavior: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial With Female Patients From a Women’s Heart Clinic." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 12 (2020): e20926. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20926.

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Background Prolonged sitting is an independent risk behavior for the development of chronic disease. With most interventions focusing on physical activity and exercise, there is a separate need for investigation into innovative and accessible interventions to decrease sedentary behavior throughout the day. Twitter is a social media platform with application for health communications and fostering of social support for health behavior change. Objective This pilot study aims to test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of delivering daily behavior change strategies within pri

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Marukutira, Tafireyi, Faith Ussery, Etienne Kadima, et al. "Male circumcision uptake during the Botswana Combination Prevention Project." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (2022): e0269178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269178.

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Introduction Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) uptake has been slow in some countries, including Botswana. To inform demand creation efforts, we examined sociodemographic characteristics and referral procedures associated with VMMC uptake in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP) and examined the effectiveness of referral of men to MC services from HIV testing venues. Design BCPP was a community-randomized trial evaluating the impact of a combination HIV prevention package which included VMMC on community HIV incidence. We conducted a sub-analysis of VMMC uptake in interve

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Merritt, A. M., J. A. Burrow, and C. S. Hartless. "Effect of xylazine, detomidine, and a combination of xylazine and butorphanol on equine duodenal motility." American Journal of Veterinary Research 59, no. 5 (1998): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1998.59.5.619.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect on equine duodenal motility of some analgesic agents commonly used to treat colic. Animals 4 healthy adult healthy horses—2 mares and 2 geldings—which were carrying an indwelling gastric cannula made of silastic rubber. One horse also carried 2 long-term indwelling bipolar electrodes that had been sutured onto the duodenum and jejunum. Procedure To ensure an empty stomach, solid food was withheld from horses for around 20 hours prior to an experiment. Using videoendoscopic guidance, an 8-F catheter with 3 small, discrete pressure sensors was passed thr

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Lee, Kyoungjin, Jeongok Park, Eui Geum Oh, JuHee Lee, Chang Park, and Young Deuk Choi. "Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Mobile-Based Health Coaching Program for Patients With Prostate Cancer at High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Randomized Waitlist Controlled Trial." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 12 (February 1, 2024): e47102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/47102.

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Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a standard treatment for prostate cancer (PC), causes many physical side effects. In particular, it causes metabolic changes such as fasting glucose abnormalities or accumulation of body fat, and its continuation can lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is closely related to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is important to maintain and practice a healthy lifestyle in patients with PC. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led mobile-based program that aims to promote a healthy lifestyle in patient

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Dorsch, Michael P., Allen J. Flynn, Kaitlyn M. Greer, Sabah Ganai, Geoffrey D. Barnes, and Brian Zikmund-Fisher. "A Web-Based Tool to Perform a Values Clarification for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Design and Preliminary Testing Study." JMIR Cardio 9 (April 11, 2025): e67956-e67956. https://doi.org/10.2196/67956.

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Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is used for stroke prevention in AF, but it also increases bleeding risk. Clinical guidelines do not definitively recommend for or against OAC for patients with borderline stroke risk. Decision-making may benefit from values clarification exercises to communicate risk trade-offs. Objective This study aimed to evaluate if a visual with a values clarification alters the understanding of the trade-offs of anticoagulation in AF. Methods Participants aged 45‐64 years were recruite

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Harawa, Nina, Emerald Dang, Charles L. Hilliard, Charles McWells, and Maria Morales. "240 Strategies used by trained Peer Mentors in an intervention designed to increase engagement in new modalities for HIV prevention." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 8, s1 (2024): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.222.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Peer supporters are frequently engaged to help people with marginalized identities access a range of health services, including newly developed interventions. Understanding how that individuals in these lay roles approach their interactions with clients may help to inform their future selection and training in order to support T3-T4 translation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We examined the strategies and perspectives of Peer Mentors in an HIV/STI prevention intervention (Passport to Wellness, PtW) designed to encourage regular screening for HIV and sexually transmitted infection

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Bührer, Martin Robert, Stephanie Rosenstiel, Gorden Sudeck, and Julia Schmid. "Fostering positive affective exercise experiences and affect-related competencies for a physically active lifestyle: The FEEL Project – Results of the Pilot-Study." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 10, no. 2 (2025): 042. https://doi.org/10.36950/2025.2ciss042.

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Introduction Interventions for physically inactive individuals often show rather small and unsustainable effects on exercise and sport behavior. This could be because too little consideration is given to affective processes during and after exercise and sport activities (e.g. shame; Hohberg et al., 2022). Furthermore, people are insufficiently enabled to independently regulate their affective well-being through exercise and sport. However, affect regulation competence is central to fostering sustainable exercise and sport behavior (Sudeck et al., 2022). The FEEL program addresses this gap. The

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Kwok, Jojo Yan Yan, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung, Steven Zarit, et al. "Multicomponent Intervention for Distressed Informal Caregivers of People With Dementia." JAMA Network Open 8, no. 3 (2025): e250069. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0069.

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ImportanceMulticomponent interventions for informal caregivers of people with dementia are urgently needed, but evidence regarding which components are most effective is lacking.ObjectiveTo apply a multiphase optimization strategy to examine the effects of 5 psychosocial components of an intervention designed to support informal caregivers of people with dementia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial with a fractional factorial design, Chinese community-dwelling adults (aged ≥18 years) who were informal family caregivers of people with dementia wer

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Edwards, Andrew Mark, Lia Dutton-Challis, David Cottrell, Joshua H. Guy, and Florentina Johanna Hettinga. "Impact of active and passive social facilitation on self-paced endurance and sprint exercise: encouragement augments performance and motivation to exercise." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (2018): e000368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000368.

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ObjectiveThe positive effect of an audience on performance is anecdotally well known, but the impact of such social facilitation to both performance and the motivation to exercise have not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate verbal encouragement as a means to promote positive behavioural adherence to exercise and augmented performance. MethodsTwelve untrained but active individuals (seven female), age 24±3 years participated in this study. Exercise conditions with external verbal encouragement (EVE) and without external verbal encouragement (WEVE) were

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Hedbom, Towe, Maria Liljeroos, Ingela Thylén, Lotti Orwelius, Tiny Jaarsma, and Anna Strömberg. "Expectations of Tele-Yoga in Persons With Long-Term Illness: Qualitative Content Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 (September 13, 2023): e36808. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/36808.

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Background Yoga is a mind-body exercise that has demonstrated its feasibility and safety even for individuals with severe long-term illness. Engaging in yoga has the potential to yield positive effects on both physical and mental well-being. Tele-yoga is a novel approach to rehabilitation in which participants practice group yoga with a live-streamed yoga instructor digitally via a tablet. This is especially beneficial for individuals who may find it difficult to leave their homes to participate in an exercise session. As part of our ongoing evaluation of the tele-yoga intervention in individu

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Lee, Stephanie J., Jennifer Le Rademacher, Heather Jim, et al. "Exercise and Stress Management Training For Patients Undergoing Autologous Or Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Results From Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) 0902." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.699.699.

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Abstract Following up on single institution studies suggesting that engaging patients in exercise and/or stress reduction techniques during hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) improves functional status and quality of life, we conducted a randomized study through the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN). METHODS: Patients (n=711) at 21 US centers provided symptom and quality of life data at enrollment. They were randomized to 1 of 4 groups using a 2x2 factorial design, stratified by center and transplant type. Prior to HCT, each group received a 15 minute stress m

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Gwak, Naram, and Yongnam Kim. "Introduction to Instrumental Variable Analysis for Education Research." Korean Educational Research Association 61, no. 8 (2023): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30916/kera.61.8.27.

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Instrumental variable (IV) analysis is a statistical approach that enables valid estimation of causal effects, even in non-experimental settings where randomization is not possible. Despite its potential utility, IV analysis remains underutilized in Korean education research. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the fundamental principles of IV analysis and its applications. Specifically, the paper employs causal graphs to provide a more intuitive explanation of the key assumptions and mechanism underlying IV analysis. In addition to providing theoretical explanations, the paper explores

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Tinsel, Iris, Claudia Schmoor, Maja Börger, et al. "Encouragement of patients’ self-management in primary care for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (DECADE): protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (2023): e071230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071230.

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IntroductionCardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in Germany and among the most frequent reasons for encounters in primary care. Most patients with cardiovascular risks (CVRs) have difficulties implementing health-promoting behavioural changes. In this study, a complex intervention containing evidence-based patient materials and structured follow-up consultations are intended to strengthen patients’ self-management to improve health behaviour.Methods and analysisIn this cluster randomised controlled trial, we investigate the effects of the intervention "Decision aid, actio

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Klausen, Susanne Hwiid, Ulla Ramer Mikkelsen, Asle Hirth, et al. "Design and rationale for the PREVAIL study: Effect of e-Health individually tailored encouragements to physical exercise on aerobic fitness among adolescents with congenital heart disease—a randomized clinical trial." American Heart Journal 163, no. 4 (2012): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2012.01.021.

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Huchko, Megan, Konyin Adewumi, Sandra Oketch, Ibrahim Saduma, and Elizabeth Bukusi. "‘I’m here to save my life’: a qualitative study of experiences navigating a cryotherapy referral system for human papillomavirus-positive women in western Kenya." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (2019): e028669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028669.

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BackgroundWe sought to understand the beliefs, social norms and logistical factors that affect human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive women’s uptake of cryotherapy treatment as part of a two-part cervical cancer screening strategy in rural Kenya.MethodsIn-depth interviews within a parent cluster-randomised trial.SettingGovernment-run county hospital in western Kenya.Participants273 of 372 (73.4%) HPV-positive women who underwent cryotherapyResultsMany women feared that an HPV infection meant they would develop cancer. Almost all women reported initial fear of the treatment procedure, followed by

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Thorpe, Karen, Sally Staton, Emily Sawyer, Cassandra Pattinson, Catherine Haden, and Simon Smith. "Napping, development and health from 0 to 5 years: a systematic review." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, no. 7 (2015): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307241.

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BackgroundDuration and quality of sleep affect child development and health. Encouragement of napping in preschool children has been suggested as a health-promoting strategy.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess evidence regarding the effects of napping on measures of child development and health.DesignThis study is a systematic review of published, original research articles of any design.SubjectsChildren aged 0–5 years.MethodElectronic database search was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and assessment of research qualit

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Chen, Yunwei, Yuju Wu, Sarah-Eve Dill, et al. "Effect of the mHealth-supported Healthy Future programme delivered by community health workers on maternal and child health in rural China: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (2023): e065403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065403.

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IntroductionMillions of young rural children in China still suffer from poor health and malnutrition, partly due to a lack of knowledge about optimal perinatal and child care among rural mothers and caregivers. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need to improve maternal mental health in rural communities. Comprehensive home visiting programmes delivered by community health workers (CHWs) can bridge the caregiver knowledge gap and improve child health and maternal well-being in low-resource settings, but the effectiveness of this approach is unknown in rural China. Additionally, grandmothers play im

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van 't Noordende, Anna Tiny, Moges Wubie Aycheh, Nurilign Abebe Moges, Tesfaye Tadesse, and Alice P. Schippers. "Family-based intervention for prevention and self-management of disabilities due to leprosy, podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis versus usual care in Ethiopia: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (2022): e056620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056620.

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IntroductionLeprosy, podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are three skin-related neglected tropical diseases. All three conditions can lead to temporary and permanent impairments. These impairments progressively worsen and are major determinants of stigma, discrimination and participation restrictions. Self-care is essential to prevent disabilities and chronic disease complications. Many persons with leprosy-related, LF-related and podoconiosis-related disabilities need to practice self-management routines their entire life. This is difficult without support and encouragement of others.

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Mbah, Emmanuel Ukaobasi, Calistus Keke, and Eme Godswill Ogbonnaya Ogidi. "Agronomic and productivity efficiency of two animal manure sources on intercropped maize-groundnut in the derived savannah." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 53, no. 4 (2020): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2020-0022.

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AbstractTwo animal manure sources (swine and sheep / goat manures) each at 5 Mt·ha−1, were applied in mono- and intercropped maize (Zea mays L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). A general control (no manure treatment of the component crops was established) for productivity assessment. The trial, conducted at the Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu (04º 30′ N, 06º 45′ E, 150 m above sea level), in the derived savannah plains, Ishiagu, Nigeria in 2012 and 2013 mid-cropping seasons used a randomised complete block design with three replications. It assessed the agronomic performance, cropp

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van‘t Noordende, Anna T., Moges Wubie Aycheh, Tesfaye Tadesse, Tanny Hagens, Eva Haverkort, and Alice P. Schippers. "A family-based intervention for prevention and self-management of disabilities due to leprosy, podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis in Ethiopia: A proof of concept study." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (2021): e0009167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009167.

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A key issue for persons with leprosy-, lymphatic filariasis- and podoconiosis-related disabilities is the life-long need to practice self-management routines. This is difficult to sustain without regular encouragement and support of others. Family-based support may be a sustainable and feasible strategy to practice self-management routines. This proof of concept study aimed to develop and pilot a family-based intervention to support prevention and self-management of leprosy, lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis-related disabilities in Ethiopia. We used a quasi-experimental pre/post interventi

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Shipa, M., A. Embleton-Thirsk, M. Parvaz, et al. "OP0129 BELIMUMAB AFTER RITUXIMAB SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IGG ANTI-DSDNA ANTIBODY LEVELS AND PROLONGED TIME TO SEVERE FLARE IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 74.2–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.553.

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Background:B cell depletion with rituximab, an anti-CD20 mAb, has shown efficacy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in open-label studies but failed to meet primary endpoints in two randomised, placebo controlled trials. Rituximab increases BAFF levels which has been associated with subsequent lupus flares. We hypothesised that high BAFF levels after rituximab limit its effectiveness in SLE and that the anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody belimumab given immediately after rituximab could be a valuable therapeutic strategy.Objectives:To assess the safety and obtain preliminary evidence for effica

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Cao, Yi, Pedro L. Gozalo, and Roee Gutman. "Causal inference with cross-temporal design." Biometrics 81, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1093/biomtc/ujae163.

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ABSTRACT When many participants in a randomized trial do not comply with their assigned intervention, the randomized encouragement design is a possible solution. In this design, the causal effects of the intervention can be estimated among participants who would have experienced the intervention if encouraged. For many policy interventions, encouragements cannot be randomized and investigators need to rely on observational data. To address this, we propose a cross-temporal design, which uses time to mimic a randomized encouragement experiment. However, time may be confounded with temporal tren

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Behaghel, Luc, Bruno Crepon, and Marc Gurgand. "Robustness of the Encouragement Design in a Two-Treatment Randomized Control Trial." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2283562.

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Saha, Ananya, Anvita Dixit, Lalita Shankar, et al. "Study protocol for an individually randomized control trial for India's first roleplay-based mobile game for reproductive health for adolescent girls." Reproductive Health 20, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12978-023-01665-1.

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Abstract Background Go Nisha Go™ (GNG), is a mobile game combining behavioural science, human-centric design, game-based learning, and interactive storytelling. The model uses a direct-to-consumer (DTC) approach to deliver information, products, services, interactive learning, and agency-building experiences directly to girls. The game’s five episodes focus on issues of menstrual health management, fertility awareness, consent, contraception, and negotiation for delay of marriage and career. The game’s effectiveness on indicators linked to these issues will be measured using an encouragement d

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Caldaroni, Silvia, Maria Gerbino, Florian Schmiedek, et al. "The Positive Effect of pro‐Environmental Behavior on Eudaimonic Well‐Being in Young Adults: A Daily Diary Study Using the Within‐Person Encouragement Design." Journal of Personality, March 20, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.13021.

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ABSTRACTIntroductionExisting literature has highlighted the relevance of Pro‐environmental behaviors (PEBs)—actions intended to benefit the environment—to Eudaimonic well‐being (EWB, i.e., meaning in life and connectedness to others). However, most research has focused on stable individual differences and utilized cross‐sectional designs, giving limited attention to the momentary fluctuations of PEBs within individuals. This study aimed to investigate the daily impact of PEBs on EWB from a causal perspective, examining whether manipulating daily PEBs would result in higher levels of EWB on tho

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Jones, Sam, and Kunal Sen. "The Gendered Impact of Digital Jobs Platforms: Experimental Evidence from Mozambique." World Bank Economic Review, May 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhae019.

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Abstract This study examines the impact of digital labor-market platforms on jobs outcomes using a randomized encouragement design embedded in a longitudinal survey of Mozambican technical-vocational college graduates. We differentiate between platforms targeting formal jobs, where jobseekers direct their search, and informal tasks, where clients seek workers. Our analysis reveals statistically insignificant intent-to-treat and complier-average treatment effects for headline employment outcomes in the full sample. Notably, while the average male moderately benefits from platform usage, women d

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Belardinelli, Paolo, Nicola Belle, Paola Cantarelli, and Paul Battaglio. "Performance-related pay, fairness perceptions, and effort in public management tasks: a parallel encouragement design." International Review of Administrative Sciences, June 15, 2022, 002085232211053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00208523221105374.

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This randomized study explores the causal mechanisms linking contingent pay to individual performance on a series of tasks mimicking real public management activities. Employing a parallel encouragement design in a laboratory setting, we disentangle the overall, direct, and indirect performance effects of perceived fairness as well as a pay scheme that reproduces the merit system provisions adopted by the Italian government. The overall performance effect of that contingent pay scheme turned out to be insignificant when averaged across the four experimental tasks. However, a significant pay-fo

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