Academic literature on the topic 'Rang Pas language'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rang Pas language"
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Nkunzimana, Obed. "La langue française au Rwanda. Chronique d’une mort programmée." ALTERNATIVE FRANCOPHONE 1, no. 7 (September 15, 2014): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/af23071.
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En 2009, le Rwanda, ancienne colonie belge et pays francophone, passe officiellement et sans états d’âme « de Voltaire à Shakespeare » ( Ouazani), en s’affiliant au Commonwealth, au terme d’ un intense lobbying auprès des membres influents de ce club réservé essentiellement aux anciennes colonies britanniques. L’anglais devient langue unique de formation du primaire à l’université, reléguant ainsi le français au rang de simple langue seconde parmi tant d’autres proposées dans les programmes de formation publique ou privée. Eu égard à cette quête de changement d’alliances, d’autres pays tels que le Gabon, le Burundi, le Madagascar seraient des exemples intéressants à examiner, mais nous proposons de nous concentrer sur le cas particulier et sans précédent du Rwanda. En jetant un regard critique sur certains aspects de l’entreprise coloniale belge notamment sa stratégie éducative, nous tenterons de montrer que le déclin du français, c’est-à-dire sa perte de statut de langue officielle et peut-être un jour sa disparition pure et simple comme langue d’usage par les Rwandais, était programmé d’avance, inscrit non seulement dans les gènes mêmes de son implantation par l’autorité coloniale belge, il y a environ un siècle de cela, mais surtout dans la singularité du contexte farouchement et exclusivement monolingue du Rwanda traditionnel ; que même si le rebond de la langue française n’est pas impossible, le chemin est parsemé d’obstacles presque infranchissables, en raison de la nouvelle donne géostratégique, linguistique du Rwanda et une politique économique axée sur les nouvelles technologies de l’information où l’anglais reste prédominant.
Abstract
In 2009, Rwanda, former belgian colony and francophone country, switches, in Ouazani’s terms, from Voltaire to Shakespeare, becoming officially and unapologetically affiliated with the Commonwealth, after intensely lobbying the influential members of that club, whose membership is essentially composed of former british colonies. English become the sole language of instruction from elementary school to university, while French joined the rank of other optional second languages taught in both public and private institutions. Although some other countries like Gabon, Burundi and Madagascar, which are apparently tempted by the same affiliation, are interesting cases in point, I will rather focus on this singular and unprecedented shift operated by Rwanda. By pointing out some aspects of the belgian colonial enterprise, particularly its instruction rationale and strategies, I will attempt to argue that the actual decline of French - its loss of the status of official language and, perhaps, its pure and simple disappearance in Rwanda one day- was programmed in advance, written not only in the very genes of its colonial inception a century ago, but also in the nationalistic context of traditional Rwanda with its prevailing and self-sufficent monolingualism. I shall also point out that even though the rebirth of French language is not impossible, the path remains mined by daunting obstacles, related to the new geostrategic and linguistic road Rwanda has taken, as well as the actual government’ economic plan, centered on information technologies in which English is predominant.
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Permyakova, Tatiana, and Tatiana Utkina. "The study of conceptual metaphors in ESAP L2 writing: range and variability." Research in Language 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2016-0021.
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The article presents the study of the influence of professional competence of EFL learners on their academic writing. The task was approached through analyzing learners’ competence in specific knowledge domains - knowledge of terms and specific concepts, represented as conceptual metaphors. Conceptual metaphor models were analyzed in the English written texts produced by Russian students with different competences in economics – at both non-professional and professional levels of academic discourse (NPAD and PAD respectively). Metaphor Identification Procedure VU University Amsterdam (MIPVU) was applied to metaphor identification, and alternative metaphor and preferential conceptualization analysis was performed to compare the scope of source and the range of target in NPAD and PAD. Findings highlight the areas of commonality as well as divergence in terms of students’ professional competence represented in conceptual metaphors in L2 writing. The main differences in the scope of the source analysis are quantitative rather than qualitative. The range of target comparison between NPAD and PAD indicates a significantly larger range of targets for the professional level students, a lower level of metaphorization for the non-professional level, and inclusive strategies across the two levels. Practical recommendations suggest an improved research methodology for studying metaphor production in EAP and ESP as well as a deeper understanding of ESP content and its structure.
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Bonomi, Carlo, and Nicholas Rand. "Psychoanalysis, Language and Deconstruction in the Work of Nicolas Abraham and Maria Torok." Psychoanalysis and History 1, no. 2 (July 1999): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.1999.1.2.252.
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Though psychoanalysis has tended to disappear from departments of psychiatry in the USA, it has gained increasing prominence in literature departments in the academy. Bonomi and Rand discuss this shift as they review the work of Nicolas Abraham and Maria Torok, recently defined by Elisabeth Roudinesco as an alternative French trend to Jacques Lacan. The discussion then turns to the work's phenomenological basis, its continuity with Sandor Ferenczi's thought, its difference from the project of Lacan himself, and its disparity from both the psychoanalytic mainstream of the 1970s and the deconstructive philosophy of Jacques Derrida. Particular light is shed on Abraham's theory of disasters or symbolic operations that occur as attempts to overcome threats of disintegration. This new conception unites diverse symbolic products such as neurotic symptoms, literary and artistic works. Interpreting symbols psychoanalytically amounts to looking for the underlying ‘original’ obstacle whose readable marks are yet contained within the livable solution, the symbol.
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Qi, Xihong. "Teachers’ Roles in China’s EFL Classes Adopting the PAD Mode." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 9, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0904.17.
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This paper reviews the shift of teacher role in light of the development and innovation of EFL instruction in China and analyses the EFL teachers’ roles in classes adopting the PAD (Presentation-Assimilation-Discussion) mode. It points out EFL teachers play a wide range of roles in PAD classes to meet students’ needs and contribute to their language learning.
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Huseynova, Ulviya H. "Image of a woman in Turkish picture of the world." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 5 (September 2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.5-20.045.
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The article is devoted to the image of a woman in the Azerbaijani-Turkic picture of the world. It is noted that this concept is complex and ambiguous. The central concept representing an image of the woman in Azerbaijan-Turkic Paremiology is “woman” which in language consciousness of the people associates with a word arvad. In the Azerbaijan language the word qadın which, however, is not comparable to a lexeme arvad neither from the point of view of common use, nor from the point of view of the associations steadily characterizing a place of concept of a language picture of the world is common also. The connotation of linguistic units serving the verbalization of the concept of “woman” is divided into positive and negative. One would assume that the negative connotation is associated with Islamic influence, but the facts indicate the national character of the ideas. Islamic mentality, on the contrary, gives women a place of honor in the world. Most likely, the concept as a whole is affected by the masculinity of the concept. It should also be noted that in the language the manifestation of the concept “woman” is dynamic, it is represented in a wide range and varies both in the semantic and stylistic terms.
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Ji, Meng, Wenxiu Xie, Riliu Huang, and Xiaobo Qian. "Forecasting the Suitability of Online Mental Health Information for Effective Self-Care Developing Machine Learning Classifiers Using Natural Language Features." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 10048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910048.
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Background: Online mental health information represents important resources for people living with mental health issues. Suitability of mental health information for effective self-care remains understudied, despite the increasing needs for more actionable mental health resources, especially among young people. Objective: We aimed to develop Bayesian machine learning classifiers as data-based decision aids for the assessment of the actionability of credible mental health information for people with mental health issues and diseases. Methods: We collected and classified creditable online health information on mental health issues into generic mental health (GEN) information and patient-specific (PAS) mental health information. GEN and PAS were both patient-oriented health resources developed by health authorities of mental health and public health promotion. GENs were non-classified online health information without indication of targeted readerships; PASs were developed purposefully for specific populations (young, elderly people, pregnant women, and men) as indicated by their website labels. To ensure the generalisability of our model, we chose to develop a sparse Bayesian machine learning classifier using Relevance Vector Machine (RVM). Results: Using optimisation and normalisation techniques, we developed a best-performing classifier through joint optimisation of natural language features and min-max normalisation of feature frequencies. The AUC (0.957), sensitivity (0.900), and specificity (0.953) of the best model were statistically higher (p < 0.05) than other models using parallel optimisation of structural and semantic features with or without feature normalisation. We subsequently evaluated the diagnostic utility of our model in the clinic by comparing its positive (LR+) and negative likelihood ratios (LR−) and 95% confidence intervals (95% C.I.) as we adjusted the probability thresholds with the range of 0.1 and 0.9. We found that the best pair of LR+ (18.031, 95% C.I.: 10.992, 29.577) and LR− (0.100, 95% C.I.: 0.068, 0.148) was found when the probability threshold was set to 0.45 associated with a sensitivity of 0.905 (95%: 0.867, 0.942) and specificity of 0.950 (95% C.I.: 0.925, 0.975). These statistical properties of our model suggested its applicability in the clinic. Conclusion: Our study found that PAS had significant advantage over GEN mental health information regarding information actionability, engagement, and suitability for specific populations with distinct mental health issues. GEN is more suitable for general mental health information acquisition, whereas PAS can effectively engage patients and provide more effective and needed self-care support. The Bayesian machine learning classifier developed provided automatic tools to support decision making in the clinic to identify more actionable resources, effective to support self-care among different populations.
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Verina, Ulyana, and Andrea Grominová. "M. Valek, G. Aygi and “Woman on the Right”, or The first Slovak translation of G. Aygi’s poetry in the context of the 1960s and modern reception." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 4 (July 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-21.080.
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The book of poetry by G. Aygi was translated and published into Slovak language as “Žena sprava” (“The Woman on the Right”) in 1967. The same year the book was translated into Czech language. It is the Czech translation that occupies the first place in the research and bibliography of G. Aygi’s publications. The paper examines the features of the Slovak translation through the views of the translator and poet M. Valek. The translations appeared when Slovak poets were in search of finding a modern artistic language and modifying the original in accordance with the artistic concept of the poet-translator. M. Valek’s interest in the poetry of G. Aygi was associated with the same range of problems. The translations have an imprint of M. Valek’s own stylistics and demonstrate his priority for existentiality and metaphor, which he emphasizes, leading to neglecting the peculiarities of the original form. The contemporary Slovak translations of G. Aygi’s poetry are more focused on the transfer of formal innovation, the preservation of the author’s punctuation and graphics. However, the novelty of G. Aygi’s verses, which is still far from being fully explored, was comprehensively analyzed only in the 2000s and contemporary translators rely on new theory as well as a rich history of translations.The novelty of the paper is that it compares the translations of different years, the views of G. Aygi and M. Valek on free verse, and also provides an assessment of the translations by G. Aygi himself.
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GIORGINI, BRUNO, ARMANDO BAZZANI, and SANDRO RAMBALDI. "EDITORIAL." Advances in Complex Systems 10, supp02 (December 2007): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525907001318.
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In this preface we propose a synthetic survey of the main ideas which are in our aim at the origin of the "Physics and the City" Symposium (Bologna–Italy, 15–17 December 2005). These ideas are developed from different point of view in the following collected papers, also with different scientific languages, from the sociological or planning to the mathematical or physical ones. Very schematically we think that the present proceedings could prefigure the emergence of a new "science of the city", really multidisciplinary and with possible spin-off on every single science concerned. Moreover with a large range of possible applications to the actual social life, in order to contribute to a better quality of life. Surely we are at the beginning and the topology of this "science of the city" it is not still well defined, but as H. Poincaré said: Pour obtenir un résultat qui ait une valeur réelle, il ne suffit pas de mettre les choses en ordre; ce n'est pas seulement l'ordre, c'est l'ordre inattendu qui vaut quelque chose.
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Park, Mihi, and Rebecca Lurie Starr. "The acquisition of L3 variation among early bilinguals." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 10, no. 5 (January 8, 2019): 657–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.17066.par.
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Abstract The present study investigates whether prior experience with formal study of an L2 influences L3 Korean learners’ Type 1 variation (i.e., use of obligatory forms) and Type 2 variation (i.e., variation between alternative acceptable variants). The patterns of variation in Korean argument realization of early bilingual learners (English-Chinese/Malay/Indonesian/Tamil) of L3 Korean were assessed in light of the distribution of variants present in classroom input, learners’ prior L2 learning experience and home language background, argument animacy and number, and familiarity of verb structure type. Our findings demonstrate that prior experience with a typologically-similar L2 facilitates acquisition of grammatical patterns as well as acquisition of native-like patterns of variation between grammatical forms that are constrained by a range of internal linguistic factors. Any L2 experience, regardless of typological proximity, is found to facilitate acquisition of internal linguistic constraints, but not acquisition of grammatical patterns.
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Bührle, Iris Julia. "A Pas De Deux for a Cathedral and a Hunchback: Roland Petit’s Ballet Notre-Dame De Paris." Forum for Modern Language Studies 55, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqz025.
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Abstract In 1965, the French choreographer Roland Petit set himself the task of making a ballet out of Victor Hugo’s voluminous novel Notre-Dame de Paris. The result departed radically from earlier attempts to transpose the work into movement by choreographers who included Jules Perrot and Marius Petipa. Although the love plot (which revolves around a dancer), the wide range of emotions depicted, the stark contrasts, and alternation between crowd scenes and more intimate scenes favour its transposition into a ballet, the novel also presents numerous difficulties, such as the importance of politics, philosophy and architecture. Quasimodo, Frollo and the cathedral seem rather unsuitable protagonists for a ballet. This paper argues that Petit’s adaptation of Notre-Dame de Paris engaged with the literary source on a much deeper level than its predecessors. Petit’s innovative ballet does not merely illustrate the novel: it reveals underlying elements in the source and sheds new light on it.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rang Pas language"
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Amorosi, Davide. "Analog signal generation with Raspberry Pi boards for short-range communications." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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The aim of this thesis is to realise a low-cost wireless application for short range underwater communications, using ultrasonic frequencies. The project can be described in four main steps. The first one is a detailed study of the serial peripheral interface. It has been carried out in order to understand how to physically and logically connect, through SPI, the hardware involved in this work: a Raspberry Pi 3 model B and the MCP4822 digital to analog converter embedded in the ADC-DAC Pi Zero module. The second phase concerns a Simulink model created in order to reduce the complexity of the problem. It has been useful as a guideline for the development of the software. Then, the implementation step includes the full execution of the code, which processes information data and digital samples of a sine wave and converts them in their respective analog signals. Configurable parameters, as the amplitude and the frequency of the sinusoidal carrier, provide more flexibility to the system. The last testing phase consists in several measurements on the hardware to assess the reliability of the system, varying some parameters and comparing these results with the simulations, run on Simulink. The overall performance respects the low-cost nature of the Raspberry Pi: the analog signals exhibit phase noise due to the not perfect periodicity of the SPI clock but they are still reliable and clear enough for project purposes.
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Delpech, Estelle. "Traduction assistée par ordinateur et corpus comparables : contributions à la traduction compositionnelle." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905930.
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Notre travail concerne l'extraction de lexiques bilingues à partir de corpus comparables, avec une application à la traduction spécialisée. Nous avons d'abord évalué les méthodes classiques d'acquisition de lexiques en corpus comparables (basées l'hypothèse distributionnelle : plus deux termes apparaissent dans des contextes similaires, plus il y a de chances qu'ils soient des traductions) d'un point de vue applicatif. L'évaluation a montré que les traducteurs sont mal à l'aise avec les lexiques extraits : la traduction correcte est trop souvent noyée dans une liste de traductions candidates et ils préfèreraient utiliser un lexique plus petit mais plus précis. Partant de ce constat, nous nous sommes orientés vers une autre approche qui a fait récemment ses preuves pour l'exploitation des corpus comparables et produit des lexiques plus adaptés aux besoins des traducteurs : la traduction compositionnelle (la traduction du terme source est fonction de la traduction de ses parties). Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la traduction d'unités monolexicales : le terme source est découpé en morphèmes, les morphèmes sont traduits puis recomposés en un terme cible. Dans ce cadre, nous avons poursuivi trois axes de recherche : la génération de traductions fertiles (cas où le terme cible contient plus de mots lexicaux que le terme source), l'indépendance aux structures morphologiques et l'ordonnancement des traductions candidates.
Books on the topic "Rang Pas language"
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Hamelin, Louis-Edmond. Le Québec par des mots. Québec: Centre international de recherche en aménagement linguistique = International Center for Research on Language Planning, 2000.
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Hamelin, Louis Edmond. Le Québec par des mots. Québec: Centre international de recherche en aménagement linguistique, 2000.
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Hindustānī rang: ʻām bol cāl kī hindustānī zabān par maz̤āmīn aur lisānī jāʼize. Naʼī Dihlī: Hindūstānī Projakṭ, G̲h̲ālib Akaiḍmī, 1993.
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Ayres-Bennett, Wendy, and Helena Sanson, eds. Women in the History of Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754954.001.0001.
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Women in the History of Linguistics is a ground-breaking investigation into women’s contribution to the description, analysis, and codification of languages across a wide range of different linguistic and cultural traditions. The volume innovates notably in looking beyond Europe to Africa, Australia, Asia, and North America, offering a systematic and comparative approach to a subject that has not yet received the scholarly attention it deserves. In view of women’s often limited educational opportunities in the past, their impact is examined not only within traditional and institutional contexts, but also in more domestic and less public realms. A wide range of spheres of activity is therefore explored, including the production of grammars, dictionaries, philological studies, critical editions, and notes and reflections on the nature of language and writing systems, as well as women’s contribution to the documentation and maintenance of indigenous languages, language teaching and acquisition methods, language debates, language use, and policy. Attitudes towards women’s language—both positive and negative—that regularly shape the linguistic description and analysis are explored, as well as metalinguistic texts specifically addressed to them as readers. Women in the History of Linguistics is intended for all scholars and students interested in the history of linguistics, the history of women, and the intersection between language and gender.
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Ashcroft, E. A., A. A. Faustini, R. Jaggannathan, and W. W. Wadge. Multidimensional Programming. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195075977.001.0001.
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This book describes a powerful language for multidimensional declarative programming called Lucid. Lucid has evolved considerably in the past ten years. The main catalyst for this metamorphosis was the discovery that Lucid is based on intensional logic, one commonly used in studying natural languages. Intensionality, and more specifically indexicality, has enabled Lucid to implicitly express multidimensional objects that change, a fundamental capability with several consequences which are explored in this book. The author covers a broad range of topics, from foundations to applications, and from implementations to implications. The role of intensional logic in Lucid as well as its consequences for programming in general is discussed. The syntax and mathematical semantics of the language are given and its ability to be used as a formal system for transformation and verification is presented. The use of Lucid in both multidimensional applications programming and software systems construction (such as a parallel programming system and a visual programming system) is described. A novel model of multidimensional computation--education--is described along with its serendipitous practical benefits for harnessing parallelism and tolerating faults. As the only volume that reflects the advances over the past decade, this work will be of great interest to researchers and advanced students involved with declarative language systems and programming.
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Ball, Derek, and Brian Rabern, eds. The Science of Meaning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739548.001.0001.
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Semantics is the systematic study of linguistic meaning. The past fifty years have seen an explosion of research into the semantics of natural languages. There are now sophisticated theories of phenomena that were not even known to exist mere decades ago. Much of the early work in natural language semantics was accompanied by extensive reflection on the aims of semantic theory, and the form a theory must take to meet those aims. But this meta-theoretical reflection has not kept pace with recent theoretical innovations. The aim of this volume is to re-address these questions concerning the foundations of natural language semantics in light of the current state-of-the-art in semantic theorizing. The volume addresses a range of foundational questions about formal semantics: what is the best methodology for semantic theorizing, and should experimental techniques play a crucial role? How should we understand the use of formal tools such as model theory, and are there better formal alternatives? How should we think about compositionality? What does semantic theory tell us about the language faculty or linguistic competence? What are the advantages of dynamic semantics? How do formal semantic theories relate to philosophical notions of context, content, interpretation, and propositions?
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Gaskell, M. Gareth, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568971.001.0001.
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This book examines the young science of psycholinguistics, which attempts to uncover the mechanisms and representations underlying human language. This interdisciplinary field has seen massive developments over the past decade, with a broad expansion of the research base, and the incorporation of new experimental techniques such as brain imaging and computational modelling. The result is that real progress is being made in the understanding of the key components of language in the mind. This book brings together the views of seventy-five leading researchers to provide a review of the current state of the art in psycholinguistics. The contributors are eminent in a wide range of fields, including psychology, linguistics, human memory, cognitive neuroscience, bilingualism, genetics, development, and neuropsychology. Their contributions are organised into six themed sections, covering word recognition, the mental lexicon, comprehension and discourse, language production, language development, and perspectives on psycholinguistics.
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Cornwell, Hannah. The Meaning of Pax. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805632.003.0001.
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This chapter examines the semantic range of the concept of pax, considering its place in the Roman imaginary alongside ‘associated concepts’ (particularly concordia, otium, bellum, and victoria). The traditional Republican meaning and uses of the term pax are examined in a variety of contexts (contemporary prose, poetry, historical writings, numismatics, and religious dimensions) in order to establish more precisely the conceptualization and meaning of pax within the conventional political language of the Republic. Whilst pax was used to describe a usually unequal relationship of power with either the gods or other civic entities, as well as interpersonal relations, it did not conventionally have a strong political presence in Roman thought prior to the first century BC.
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Suddaby, Roy, William Foster, and Christine Quinn Trank. Re-Membering. Edited by Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth, and Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.18.
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We explore and extend an emerging interest in understanding the relationship between language and history in organizational identity work. Recent research has focused attention on the role of “temporal talk” in creating identity—that is, how discourse about the past, present, and future constructs identification. These studies understate the degree of agency in temporal talk and fail to capture the importance of history as a competitive resource. We introduce the term “rhetorical history” to draw attention to the high degree of deliberate and strategic use of persuasive language to construct historical identity narratives in corporations. We also elaborate the understanding, within organizations, of history as critical resource that can be deployed to manage membership with a broad range of organizational stakeholders.
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Dworkin, Steven N. Inflectional morphology of medieval Hispano-Romance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687312.003.0003.
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This chapter describes the inflectional nominal, pronominal, and verbal morphology of Old Spanish, a language whose texts show a great deal of formal variation. It first deals with nominal gender and plural marking before going on to describe the morphology of articles, demonstratives, and possessives. Attention next turns to the forms of subject and object pronouns, indefinite, interrogative, and relative pronouns, negators, and adverbs. The rest of the chapter deals with inflectional verbal morphology. It opens with a survey of the three conjugation classes, the relevant past participles, and morphophonological alternations involving monophthongs and diphthongs in verb stems, before examining for each synthetic and analytic tense the wide range of relevant verbal suffixes or endings and instances of stem alllomorphy in both the indicative and subjunctive.
Book chapters on the topic "Rang Pas language"
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Kubota, Atsushi, Tomohiro Matsushita, and Naohisa Happo. "Parallelization of Atomic Image Reconstruction from X-ray Fluorescence Holograms with XcalableMP." In XcalableMP PGAS Programming Language, 205–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7683-6_8.
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AbstractX-ray fluorescence holography is a three-dimensional middle range local structure analysis method, which can provide three-dimensional atomic images around specific elements within a radius of a few nanometers. Three-dimensional atomic images are reconstructed by applying discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to hologram data. Presently, it takes long time to process this DFT. In this study, the DFT program is parallelized by using a parallel programming language XcalableMP. The DFT process, whose input is 21 holograms data of 179 × 360 points and output is a three-dimensional atomic image of 1923 points, is executed on PC cluster which consists of 8 nodes of Intel Xeon X5660 processors and 96 cores in total and we confirmed that the parallelized DFT execution is 94 times faster than the sequential execution.
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Damrosch, David. "Languages." In Comparing the Literatures, 165–206. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691134994.003.0006.
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This chapter recounts how René Étiemble became a fierce advocate for translation. It analyzes Étiemble's exuberant linguistic range in many of his works, such as Essais de littérature (vraiment) générale in “Sur quelques adaptations et imitations de haiku” where he quotes poems in Japanese, French, English, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Croatian, German, and modern Greek. It also highlights the importance of translation for the next generation of comparatists in Étiemble's edgy survey titled Comparaison n'est pas raison. The chapter explores the quality of literary translation that has steadily grown during the past several decades. It also addresses crucial and highly problematic questions of language with the rise of global English that leaves many literary scholars too comfortably ensconced within the imperium of English.
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Selikowitz, Mark. "Language." In Dyslexia and Other Learning Difficulties. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192622990.003.0015.
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Vanessa was first seen at the clinic one year ago, at the age of eight years. Her teacher had reported that she seemed ‘slower’ than the other children in the class. She observed that Vanessa often did not understand what was going on in the class, and was easily upset by changes in routine. She also had difficulties expressing her ideas and relating her experiences. Her reading, spelling, and writing were all behind those of the rest of the class. A psychologist’s assessment showed Vanessa’s non-verbal intelligence to be in the average range, but with difficulties in comprehension. Her reading, spelling, and writing all showed more than two years’ delay. A doctor could find no abnormalities to account for her problem. Her hearing was tested and found to be normal. Vanessa was referred to a speech therapist. She found that Vanessa’s comprehension was at a level more than two years below her age and that she had many difficulties in her understanding of language. For example, although she understood common prepositions such as ‘in’, ‘on’, and ‘under’, she misinterpreted others such as ‘beside’, ‘behind’, ‘through’, and ‘around’. She also confused past and present tenses. The speech therapist spoke to the parents and the teacher about ways of helping Vanessa. She also started seeing her regularly, once a week, for speech therapy sessions. Now, after 10 months of such help, Vanessa has shown great improvement in her language comprehension and her academic skills. Language plays a central role in specific learning difficulties. Reading requires the ability to decode written language and spelling and writing require the ability to encode spoken language. Arithmetic requires language skills to understand the words used to state problems involving numbers. This chapter deals with the disorders of speech and language that often accompany specific learning difficulties. These may involve the understanding of language (which is referred to as receptive language) and the use of language (which is referred to as expressive language). There may also be involvement of speech (which relates to the clarity and fluency of the spoken word).
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Ouvrard Andriantsoa, Louise. "En contexte de double diglossie, quelle valeur accordée au malgache par ses locuteurs ?" In Plurilinguisme et tensions identitaires, 9–18. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3775.
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Madagascar connaît une situation de double diglossie. Une diglossie langue coloniale (français) - langue nationale s’est en effet superposée à la diglossie langue nationale - langues régionales qui préexistait. Bien que le pays ait acquis son indépendance, le français est resté très présent, occupant différentes positions en fonction de la conjoncture sociopolitique malgache : langue de domination, langue de prestige, simple langue étrangère. Aux côtés du malgache et du français, les deux langues officielles du pays, est apparu l’anglais. Brièvement hissée au rang de langue officielle de 2007 à 2010, cette langue s’intègre petit à petit dans le paysage langagier malgache.
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Beaven, Tita, and Fernando Rosell-Aguilar. "Introduction." In Innovative language pedagogy report, 1–4. Research-publishing.net, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2021.50.1227.
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Colleagues at the Institute of Educational Technology at the Open University produce an annual report, Innovating pedagogy, now in its 9th edition, which looks at new and emerging approaches to teaching, learning, and assessment in a wide range of settings and subject areas. They highlight ten innovative pedagogies, and provide a research-informed summary of each one, as well as a list of further resources for those who want to find out more. Over the past few years, this has become an influential publication and we have long thought that it would be very useful to have a similar report that focused specifically on language teaching, learning, and assessment.
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Luoch, Tom Onditi. "The Verbal Fuel for Ethnic Hatred and Political Violence in Kenya." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 1–10. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0081-0.ch001.
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Africa has been plagued by many violent conflicts in history and in contemporary times. Causes of these conflicts range from disagreements over allocation of national resources to ethnic rivalries over grazing fields, to territorial expansionism in the past, to economic development, elections and others, more recently. Hate speech or inflammatory language, or dangerous language both on line and off line, and elections have developed as major catalysts in recent violent conflicts. This chapter explores language (hate speech, inflammatory or dangerous language) as the verbal fuel that has ignited violent political conflicts in Kenya over the last two decades. It concludes that even though language fuels conflict, efforts to end conflict must go beyond language and elections (surface manifestations of deep-seated grievances) to economic marginalization which is at the core of differences that spasmodically erupt in violence.
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Evans, Tim. "Which Network Model Should I Use? Towards a Quantitative Comparison of Spatial Network Models in Archaeology." In The Connected Past. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748519.003.0015.
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Archaeology can be ‘site centric’. Much of the primary evidence comes from excavations based on a single site so naturally the primary sources for archaeological information are organized by site. This is a great help when establishing intra-site links, be they local spatial relationships which may help reveal functions of buildings on a site, or temporal ones, perhaps how different institutions waxed and waned within a society. However, this organization of the primary evidence inhibits comparisons between sites. The regional and global interactions of each site must be deduced by secondary work, comparing information from a range of primary sources with their differing protocols. Yet deducing these wider relationships from finds is one of the key goals of archaeological research as only by understanding societies at all scales can we get a proper view of how society functions. In this sense, archaeologists, and social science in general, have long appreciated that societies are complex systems, with some coherent large-scale phenomena emerging from microscopic interaction, a language that physical scientists have only articulated over the last couple of decades; for example, see Ball (2004) or Lane et al. (2009). Archaeology meets this challenge with several well-developed approaches. Some are rooted in physical science, such as through the chemical analysis of materials. Others are the product of human expertise, as when styles of product are compared across sites. There are efforts to produce secondary regional catalogues through human analysis of the primary sources, for instance see Mills et al. (2013), Sindbæk (2007), Terrell (2010) and chapter 4 of this volume (Peeples et al. 2016) for recent examples. Yet, there remain limitations. Chemical analysis may reveal the sources of materials but not the paths used for their transfer. Stylistic analysis may be subject to unquantifiable bias. A systematic database from primary sources may be too costly to construct. Even with such a database, there is then too much information and we have to pull out the key patterns, to simplify the information into the important parts in order for us to understand what the data is telling us.
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Buendgens-Kosten, Judith. "Digital storytelling: multimodal meaning making." In Innovative language pedagogy report, 103–8. Research-publishing.net, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2021.50.1243.
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What is it? Robin (n.d.) defines digital storytelling as “the practice of using computer-based tools to tell stories”, stressing that “they all revolve around the idea of combining the art of telling stories with a variety of multimedia, including graphics, audio, video, and Web publishing” (n.p.). Ohler (2009) suggests that “digital storytelling […] uses personal digital technology to combine a number of media into a coherent narrative” (p. 15). Very often, digital storytelling involves some kind of video production (see examples on https://digitalstorytelling.coe.uh.edu). Including stories and storytelling for language learning barely needs justification. The ability to tell a story is important in many life settings, from hanging out with friends to selling a product. But why digital storytelling? In 1996 The New London Group argued that the traditional perspective on literacy should be extended to encompass a broader range of meaning-making practices, including those involving digital media. In a similar vein, The Douglas Fir Group (2016) argues that “language learning is semiotic learning” (p. 27), and goes beyond the acquisition of words and structures. While engaging in digital storytelling, learners practise the target language in a potentially highly motivating context, use the target language and other linguistic resources to engage in discussion and negotiation about the process, and in the production of their stories (e.g. in a task-based language teaching tradition); also extending their repertoire of meaning-making resources through practice and reflection – cf. The New London Group’s (1996) notion of critical framing. Students of many different levels of proficiency can create engaging digital stories – from the A1-level primary school student telling a story via the Puppet Pals app, to the adult language learner engaging in a complex cross-media storytelling project.
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Teuton, Sean. "7. Indigenous futurity." In Native American Literature, 101–18. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199944521.003.0007.
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‘Indigenous futurity’ considers how indigenous revivals might be viewed as expressions of “futurity,” operating in resistance to those assumptions that consign Native American peoples and lifeways to the past. It discusses a range of Native American poetry and theatre, including the work of Simon Ortiz, Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, John Rollin Ridge, E. Pauline Johnson, Laura Tohe, and Joy Harjo. Whatever the form, contemporary Native poets look to oral literature and its long-held understanding of language as a source of change. Such poetry not only frees Native American voices, but confirms a spiritual awareness of ancestral land and community. Native American writers in all genres express an Indigenous world in all its complexity.
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Hoffmann, Florian, and Bethania Assy. "(De)colonizing Human Rights." In The Battle for International Law, 198–215. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849636.003.0009.
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The human rights story during the decolonization era covers a range of (critical) legal perspectives. This chapter examines the role the incipient discourse and (international) institutional framework of human rights supposedly played in decolonization. It begins with the acceptance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the still-colonized militants of decolonization and their use of (human) rights language to articulate core demands of self-government, self-determination, and (racial) equality. In particular, it examines the UN, where colonizing powers faced adverse international public opinion and led, first, to their withdrawal, followed by the gradual identity formation of the third world. It discusses the Bandung and Teheran conferences, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Pan-African Movement, and the right to non-discrimination and the right to development. It aims to show the positive impact human rights have had on the decolonization process, decolonization, and the international human rights system.
Conference papers on the topic "Rang Pas language"
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Ning, Ke, Lingxi Xie, Fei Wu, and Qi Tian. "Polar Relative Positional Encoding for Video-Language Segmentation." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/132.
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In this paper, we tackle a challenging task named video-language segmentation. Given a video and a sentence in natural language, the goal is to segment the object or actor described by the sentence in video frames. To accurately denote a target object, the given sentence usually refers to multiple attributes, such as nearby objects with spatial relations, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel Polar Relative Positional Encoding (PRPE) mechanism that represents spatial relations in a ``linguistic'' way, i.e., in terms of direction and range. Sentence feature can interact with positional embeddings in a more direct way to extract the implied relative positional relations. We also propose parameterized functions for these positional embeddings to adapt real-value directions and ranges. With PRPE, we design a Polar Attention Module (PAM) as the basic module for vision-language fusion. Our method outperforms previous best method by a large margin of 11.4% absolute improvement in terms of mAP on the challenging A2D Sentences dataset. Our method also achieves competitive performances on the J-HMDB Sentences dataset.
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Stewart, Michael, and Wei Liu. "Seq2KG: An End-to-End Neural Model for Domain Agnostic Knowledge Graph (not Text Graph) Construction from Text." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/77.
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Knowledge Graph Construction (KGC) from text unlocks information held within unstructured text and is critical to a wide range of downstream applications. General approaches to KGC from text are heavily reliant on the existence of knowledge bases, yet most domains do not even have an external knowledge base readily available. In many situations this results in information loss as a wealth of key information is held within "non-entities". Domain-specific approaches to KGC typically adopt unsupervised pipelines, using carefully crafted linguistic and statistical patterns to extract co-occurred noun phrases as triples, essentially constructing text graphs rather than true knowledge graphs. In this research, for the first time, in the same flavour as Collobert et al.'s seminal work of "Natural language processing (almost) from scratch" in 2011, we propose a Seq2KG model attempting to achieve "Knowledge graph construction (almost) from scratch". An end-to-end Sequence to Knowledge Graph (Seq2KG) neural model jointly learns to generate triples and resolves entity types as a multi-label classification task through deep learning neural networks. In addition, a novel evaluation metric that takes both semantic and structural closeness into account is developed for measuring the performance of triple extraction. We show that our end-to-end Seq2KG model performs on par with a state of the art rule-based system which outperformed other neural models and won the first prize of the first Knowledge Graph Contest in 2019. A new annotation scheme and three high-quality manually annotated datasets are available to help promote this direction of research.