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Bordi, John Joseph. "The precise range and range-rate equipment (PRARE) and its application to precise orbit determination /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Petrie, Christian M. "Evaluation of Scattered Radiation in a Calibration Range Using Exposure Rate Energy Spectra." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313095840.
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Vines, Roger, and Stephen Shaw. "A POLARIZATION-AGILE RADIATION TECHNIQUE FOR TESTING TELEMETRY RECEIVING SITES AT WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608274.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California<br>Telemetry receiving sites at missile test ranges almost always use polarization diversity to maximize the quality of the telemetry signals collected from missiles during developmental tests. If the sites are operating optimally, their sensitivity should be independent of received polarization. In this paper a technique to test the sensitivity of each receiving site is presented that involves radiating from a central location with selectable polarization and precise power level. Results of testing five telemetry sites are presented and compared with performance predicted through link analysis using site G/T and location information.
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Damery-Weston, Jaron. "Buffelgrass Expansion Rate and Dispersal Type on Recently Invaded Barry M. Goldwater Range of Southwestern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613386.
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Land managers have struggled to develop successful control strategies to address buffelgrass invasion in the Sonoran Desert. Two important variables for control strategies are dispersal type and patch expansion rate (i.e. satellite or invasion front). We investigated these variables along a highway invaded within the last 10 years located south of Gila Bend, Arizona, USA. Dispersal type was calculated by documenting the location of each buffelgrass individual along a 16 km stretch of highway and using an average nearest neighbor analysis in ArcMap 10.2.2. Thirty-six patches were monitored for four years along a 56 km stretch of highway 85 by documenting the outlines of each patch. Dispersal type registered as satellite dispersal (i.e. clustered on the Nearest Neighbor test), z-score = -47.2, p < 0.01. Patch expansion exhibited a median doubling time of 0.81 years. The results of the dispersal type analysis represent an opportunity to enhance control strategies, by targeting buffelgrass satellites and theoretically reducing patch expansion exponentially. The patch expansion rates for buffelgrass were faster than found in past research, giving land managers a clearer understanding buffelgrass patch expansion behavior.
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Bocchino, Chris, and William Hamilton. "EASTERN RANGE TITAN IV/CENTAUR-TDRSS OPERATIONAL COMPATIBILITY TESTING." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607608.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>The future of range operations in the area of expendable launch vehicle (ELV) support is
unquestionably headed in the direction of space-based rather than land- or air-based assets
for such functions as metric tracking or telemetry data collection. To this end, an effort
was recently completed by the Air Force’s Eastern Range (ER) to certify NASA’s
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) as a viable and operational asset to be
used for telemetry coverage during future Titan IV/Centaur launches. The test plan
developed to demonstrate this capability consisted of three parts: 1) a bit error rate test; 2)
a bit-by-bit compare of data recorded via conventional means vice the TDRSS network
while the vehicle was radiating in a fixed position from the pad; and 3) an in-flight
demonstration to ensure positive radio frequency (RF) link and usable data during critical
periods of telemetry collection. The subsequent approval by the Air Force of this approach
allows future launch vehicle contractors a relatively inexpensive and reliable means of
telemetry data collection even when launch trajectories are out of sight of land-based
assets or when land- or aircraft-based assets are not available for support.
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Kim, Inchul. "Exchange Rate Policy Coordination among China, Japan, and Korea." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11949.
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Lee, Sang-Min. "Per-pixel floating-point A/D conversion for high-dynamic range, high-frame rate infrared focal plane imaging /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Richeton, Julien. "Modeling and validation of the finite strain response of amorphous polymers for a wide range of temperature and strain rate." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13159.
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Natali, Francis D., and Gerard G. Socci. "DIGITAL RECEIVER PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR SPACE VEHICLE DOWNLINK SIGNALS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615711.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1985 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>Digital processing techniques and related algorithms for receiving and processing space vehicle downlink signals are discussed. The combination of low minimum signal to noise density (C/No), large signal dynamic range, unknown time of arrival, and high space vehicle dynamics that is characteristic of some of these downlink signals results in a difficult acquisition problem. A method for rapid acquisition is described which employs a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Also discussed are digital techniques for precise measurement of space vehicle range and range rate using a digitally synthesized number controlled oscillator (NCO).
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Wang, Junfang. "Efficient Positioning Technique for Multi-Interface Multi-Rate Wireless Mesh Networks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1289937715.
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Patterson, Lucy. "Food Availability, Thermal Quality, and Habitat Selection in Yarrow’s Spiny Lizards (Sceloporus Jarrovii)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37827.
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Elucidating the factors that drive variation in the abundance and distribution of organisms is central to ecology. Variables that explain the spatial variation in the abundance of organisms primarily include environmental (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and biotic factors (e.g., competition, predation, and parasitism). An important mechanism influencing the spatial distribution of organisms, at least at small spatial scales, is habitat selection. Traditionally, habitat selection theory has assumed that animals select habitat based on their ability to acquire depletable resources within that habitat, especially food. Ectotherms, however, may instead select habitat based on their ability to process food within the habitat, given the strong dependence of body temperature (and performance) on environmental temperature in this group. The major objective of my thesis was to determine whether energy gain, habitat selection, and population density were driven primarily by food availability or by temperature in ectotherms. I used Sceloporus jarrovii lizards as a study species because these lizards occur at high densities and in similar habitat across a broad altitudinal range. In Chapter 1, I tested the prediction, central to the thermal coadaptation hypothesis, that juvenile lizards prefer body temperatures that maximize their net energy gain. I also tested whether lizards shifted their preferred body temperatures to correspond to the optimal temperature for different energetic states, as per Huey’s (1982) energetics model. In Chapter 2, I determined whether the home range size and density of lizards shifted in response to manipulations of food availability and/or thermal quality within a site. In Chapters 3 and 4, I determined whether mean body condition, individual growth rate, and population density were driven by food availability or thermal quality. In Chapter 3, I visited 32 study sites over a 1,550 m altitudinal range within a year; whereas in Chapter 4, I food-supplemented five out of 10 study sites where I performed mark-recapture over a period of three years. Overall, my thesis demonstrates that both food availability and thermal quality of the habitat drive energy gain, habitat selection, and population density. Juvenile S. jarrovii preferred body temperatures that maximized net energy gain, regardless of energetic state. Although they did not shift their preferred body temperature range depending on energetic state, the difference in the optimal temperature for net energy gain between states (0.4°C), may have been too small to warrant a change in behaviour. Within a site, S. jarrovii increased their home range size and occurred at higher densities as natural food availability increased, and decreased their home range size and occurred at lower densities as the thermal quality under the rocks increased. This suggests that S. jarrovii respond to food availability and thermal quality at different scales, selecting territories based on thermal quality and home ranges based on food availability. Over 32 sites, the abundance of S. jarrovii increased with food availability, whereas the mean body condition increased and the rate at which lizards attained their maximum body size decreased with elevation (at lower thermal quality). In the three-year study, mean body condition and individual growth rate decreased and population density increased with thermal quality, but the strength of the relationship depended on natural food availability. Overall, both food availability and thermal quality of the habitat drive energy gain, habitat selection, and population density; however, thermal quality is often the stronger driver. Thus, improvements to habitat selection models should incorporate habitat thermal quality to improve predictions on how ectotherms distribute themselves on a landscape.
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Penserini, Brian. "Debris Flow Network Morphology and a New Erosion Rate Proxy for Steepland Basins with Application to the Oregon Coast Range and Cascadia Subduction Zone." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19276.
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Reaches dominated by debris flow scour and incision tend to greatly influence landscape form in steepland basins. Debris flow networks, despite their ubiquity, have not been exploited to develop erosion rate proxies. To bridge this gap, I applied a proposed empirical function that describes the variation of valley slope with drainage area in fluvial and debris flow reaches of steepland channel networks in the Oregon Coast Range. I calibrated a relationship between profile concavity and erosion rate to map spatial patterns of long-term uplift rates assuming steady state. I also estimated the magnitude and inland extent of coseismic subsidence in my study area. My estimates agree with field measurements in the same area along the Cascadia margin, indicating that debris flow valley profiles can be used to make interpretations from spatial patterns of rock uplift that may better constrain physical models of crustal deformation.
This thesis includes unpublished co-authored material.
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Sprinkle, Jim. "How Many Animals Can I Graze on My Pasture?" College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144711.
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Jelbert, K. "The comparative demography of invasive plants." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34994.
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Biodiversity, ecosystems, industry and human health are threatened by invasive plant species. The costs of mitigating damages run into billions of pounds per annum. Fundamental to the control of invasive plant species is an ability to predict which species will become invasive. Yet identification of predictive differences between invasive and non-invasive species has proven difficult to pinpoint. In this thesis I identify several weaknesses within published literature, and using field experiments and meta-analyses we address these to find consistent predictors of invasiveness amongst plants. Specifically, I recognize that predictors of invasiveness can be identified by studying plant species in the native range because species may undergo phenotypic and demographic changes following naturalization (Chapters 2 – 5). I also recognize the importance of comparing globally invasive and non-invasive species, and the importance of accounting for phylogenetic relationships so as not to inflate or conceal differences (Chapters 2 – 4). Finally, I investigate whether particular analyses are more appropriate for investigating life history and demographic differences (Chapter 5). This thesis comprises an introductory chapter (Chapter 1), four data chapters (Chapters 2 - 5) and a general discussion (Chapter 6). Chapters 2 and 3 compare life history traits of plant species known to be invasive elsewhere, with their exported but non-invasive sympatric relatives in the native range. Chapter 4 utilizes Population Projection Matrices held within the COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database, to compare demographic projections of stable and transient dynamics of invasive and non-invasive plants; and Chapter 5 compares ten metrics, derived from Population Projection Matrices, of seven invasive species between the native and invaded range to determine if there are demographic or life history differences that facilitate invasion, and to identify those analyses that are most likely to reveal such differences. I find reproductive capacity to be a predictor of invasiveness, and that analyses of transient dynamics are more likely than analyses of projected stable dynamics to reveal demographic or life history differences between invasive and non-invasive species or populations of plants. I discuss these findings in the context of invasive risk assessment protocols and highlight future research opportunities.
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Dorman, Lucy E. "The effects of protective clothing and its properties on energy consumption during different activities." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7872.
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There are many situations where workers are required to wear personal protective clothing (PPC), to protect against a primary hazard, such as heat or chemicals. But the PPC can also create ergonomic problems and there are important side effects which typically increase with rising protection requirements. The most extensively studied side effect is that of increased heat strain due to reduced heat and vapour transfer from the skin. Less studied is the extra weight, bulk and stiffness of PPC garments which is likely to increase the energy requirements of the worker, reduce the range of movement and lead to impaired performance. Current heat and cold stress standards assume workers are wearing light, vapour permeable clothing. By failing to consider the metabolic effects of actual PPC garments, the standards will underestimate heat production and therefore current standards cannot be accurately applied to workers wearing PPC. Information on the effect of the clothing on the wearer and the interactions between PPC, wearer and environment is limited. Data was collected to quantify the effect of PPC on metabolic load based on the properties of the PPC for the EU THERMPROTECT project (GERD-CT-2002-00846). The main objective of the project was to provide data to allow heat and cold stress assessment standards to be updated so that they need no longer exclude specialised protective clothing. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of PPC and its properties on energy consumption during work. For this purpose, the effects of a range of PPC garments (Chapter 3), weight (Chapter 4), number of layers and material friction (Chapter 5) and wet layers (Chapter 6) on energy consumption whilst walking, stepping and completing an obstacle course were studied. The impact of PPC on range of movement in the lower limbs was also investigated (Chapter 7). The main findings were; a) Increased metabolic cost of 2.4 - 20.9% when walking, stepping and completing an obstacle course in PPC compared to a control condition. b) An average metabolic rate increase of 2.7% per kg increase in clothing weight, with greater increases with clothing that is heavier on the limbs and in work requiring greater ranges of movement. c) 4.5 to 7.9% increase in metabolic cost of walking and completing an obstacle course wearing 4 layers compared to a single layer control condition of the same weight. d) Changes in range of movement in PPC due to individual behavioural adaptations. e) Garment torso bulk is the strongest correlate of an increased metabolic rate when working in PPC (r=0.828, p<0.001). f) Garment leg bulk (r=0.615), lower sleeve weight (r=0.655) and weight of the garment around the crotch (r=0.638) are also all positively correlated with an increased metabolic rate. Total clothing weight and clothing insulation had r values of 0.5 and 0.35 respectively. This thesis has confirmed the major effect of clothing on metabolic rate, and the importance of including this effect in standards and models.
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Varli, Aziz Egemen. "Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour Of Aa6013 Aluminum Alloy At Different Aging Conditions." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607440/index.pdf.
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The effect of different aging treatments on fatigue crack growth behavior of AA6013 aluminum alloy was investigated. C(T) (Compact Tension) specimens were prepared in L-T and T-L direction for fatigue crack growth tests. Samples were in T651 as received, T42 which is solution heat treated at 538 º<br>C for 90 minutes, water quenched and aged in room temperature for 96 hours, and one group of samples were overaged at 245 º<br>C for 12 hours after T42 condition was achieved. Hardness and conductivity measurements were achieved for all conditions after the heat treatments.
Fatigue crack growth tests were performed at as received condition T651, T42 and 245 º<br>C aged samples in laboratory air with sinusoidal loading of stress ratio R=0.1 and at a frequency of 1 Hz. The highest fatigue crack growth resistance is observed for T651 T-L and 245 º<br>C overaged L-T condition.
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Ånmark, Niclas. "A calorimetric analysis and solid-solubility examination of aluminium alloys containing low-melting-point elements." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103199.
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The formation of liquid films is a widely known problem in aluminium heat exchanger materials. The phenomenon results in decreased brazeability along with severely deteriorated mechanical properties which might cause assembly collapse. In addition, low-melting-point elements like tin, bismuth and lead are thought to promote grain boundary sliding which is the main deformation mechanism during brazing. Their melting characteristics are not adequately reported in literature. It is therefore of great importance to examine the behaviour of these elements.The main objectives with this work is melting range determination of fin heat exchanger materials, melting detection of low-melting-point elements and calculation of tin, bismuth and lead solid-solubility in aluminium. This work does also involve distribution analysis of such elements in aluminium matrix after heat treatment.These investigations require development of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique that is applicable for analysis of aluminium fin heat exchanger material containing low-melting-point elements on ppm level. Optimization of the technique includes parameter control; like heating rate, sample mass, reproducibility and choice of crucible material. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) is additionally used in order to analyse solid solubility and distribution of low-melting-point elements in aluminium after heat treatment.The developed DSC technique shows a sensitivity limit in the range of 260-600 ppm. It means that it is not possible to detect melting of phases within and below that range. Solid solubility of tin was calculated for the three heat treatment temperatures, 400°C, 500°C and 625°C. Same procedure was applied on bismuth and lead. However, calculated values did not agree with Thermo-Calc. The distribution analysis indicate an exudation of trace elements i.e. diffusion toward surface during heat treatment.In conclusion, more knowledge regarding liquid films in aluminium fin heat exchanger material was obtained. Future work should be to further optimize the DSC technique for trace element analysis for concentrations below 100 ppm. The LA-ICP-MS technique is likely to improve experimentally unverified binary phase diagrams like Al-Bi, Al-Pb and Al-Sn phase diagrams. It can also be used to study exudation behaviour of liquid films.
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Stolworthy, Dean K. "Characterization and Biomechanical Analysis of the Human Lumbar Spine with In Vitro Testing Conditions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2932.
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Biomechanical testing of cadaveric spinal segments forms the basis for our current understanding of healthy, pathological, and surgically treated spinal function. Over the past 40 years there has been a substantial amount of data published based on a spinal biomechanical testing regimen known as the flexibility method. This data has provided valuable clinical insights that have shaped our understanding of low back pain and its treatments. Virtually all previous lumbar spinal flexibility testing has been performed at room temperature, under very low motion rates, without the presence of a compressive follower-load to simulate upper body weight and the action of the musculature. These limitations of previous work hamper the applicability of published spinal biomechanics data, especially as researchers investigate novel ways of treating low back pain that are intended to restore the spine to a healthy biomechanical state. Thus, the purpose of this thesis work was to accurately characterize the rate-dependent flexibility of the lumbar spine at body temperature while in the presence of a compressive follower-load. A custom spine simulator with an integrated environmental chamber was developed and built as part of this thesis work. Cadaveric spinal motion segments were tested at 12 different rates of loading spanning the range of voluntary motion rates. The testing methodology allowed for comparison of spinal flexibility at room and body temperatures in the three primary modes of spinal motion, both with and without a compressive follower-load. Additionally, the work developed a stochastic model for rate-dependent spinal flexibility that allows for accurate prediction of spinal flexibility at any rate within the range of voluntary motion, based on a single flexibility test. In conclusion, the biomechanical response was significantly altered due to testing temperature, loading-rate, and application of a compressive follower-load. The author emphasizes the necessity to simulate the physiological environment during ex vivo biomechanical analysis of the lumbar spine in order to obtain a physiological response. Simplified testing procedures may be implemented only after the particular effect is known.
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Moritz, Malte, and Anton Pettersson. "Estimation of Local Map from Radar Data." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111916.
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Autonomous features in vehicles is already a big part of the automobile area and now many companies are looking for ways to make vehicles fully autonomous. Autonomous vehicles need to get information about the surrounding environment. The information is extracted from exteroceptive sensors and today vehicles often use laser scanners for this purpose. Laser scanners are very expensive and fragile, it is therefore interesting to investigate if cheaper radar sensors could be used. One big challenge when it comes to autonomous vehicles is to be able to use the exteroceptive sensors and extract a position of the vehicle and at the same time get a map of the environment. The area of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a well explored area when using laser scanners but is not that well explored when using radars. It has been investigated if it is possible to use radar sensors on a truck to create a map of the area where the truck drives. The truck has been equipped with ego-motion sensors and radars and the data from them has been fused together to get a position of the truck and to get a map of the surrounding environment, i.e. a SLAM algorithm has been implemented. The map is represented by an Occupancy Grid Map (OGM) which should only consist of static objects. The OGM is updated probabilistically by using a binary Bayes filter. To localize the truck with help of motion sensors an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used together with a map and a scan match method. All these methods are put together to create a SLAM algorithm. A range rate filter method is used to filter out noise and non-static measurements from the radar. The results of this thesis show that it is possible to use radar sensors to create a map of a truck's surroundings. The quality of the map is considered to be good and details such as space between parked trucks, signs and light posts can be distinguished. It has also been proven that methods with low performance on their own can together with other methods work very well in the SLAM algorithm. Overall the SLAM algorithm works well but when driving in unexplored areas with a low number of objects problems with positioning might occur. A real time system has also been implemented and the map can be seen at the same time as the truck is manoeuvred.
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Akgun, Nevzat. "Effect Of Retrogression And Reaging Heat Treatment On Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior Of Aa7050 Alloy." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605332/index.pdf.
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The effect of retrogression and reaging heat treatment on corrosion fatigue crack growth behavior on AA7050 T73651 aluminum alloy is investigated. CT (Compact Tension) specimens are prepared in LS direction for fatigue crack growth tests . Samples are solution heat treated at 477 °<br>C and aged at 120 °<br>C for 24 h (T6 condition). After that, samples are retrogressed at 200 °<br>C for times of 1, 5, 30, 55 and 80 minutes in a circulating oil bath. Then, samples are re-aged at 120 °<br>C for 24 h (T6 condition). Hardness measurements are taken at different retrogression times and at the end of the heat treatment.
Fatigue crack growth tests are performed at as received condition and at different retrogression times with sinusoidal loading of R=0.1 and f=1 in both laboratory air and corrosive environment of 3.5% NaCl solution. The highest fatigue crack growth resistance is observed for 30 min. and 5 min. retrogression for laboratory air and corrosive environment respectively. It is concluded that RRA can successfully be used to improve fatigue performance of this alloy.
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Ebrazeh, Ali. "An Energy-Efficient Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) Transceiver for High-Rate Biotelemetry." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1432226195.
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Fuchs, Michal. "Řízení bezdrátové komunikace pomocí ZigBee." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217534.
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The Master’s Thesis deals with a ZigBee technology and its devices working each other in wireless personal area network. The ZigBee and its advantages are compared with other wireless protocols working in ISM bands. A first part deals with a topology of IEEE 802.4.15 WPAN and the ZigBee features. Types and format of the ZigBee data-frame are mentioned. A Second part of this thesis describes a design and testing of the ZigBee devices. Results of this thesis are demonstrated on ZMU (ZigBee Modules Utility) program that has been developed for the testing of this technology.
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Boivie, Klas. "On the Manufacturing of SFF Based Tooling and Development of SLS Steel Material." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Production Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3814.
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Campos-Candela, Andrea. "Linking individual behaviour and life history: bioenergetic mechanisms, eco-evolutionary outcomes and management implications." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/89047.
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Animal behaviour is a state variable of the individual that deserves special attention given its determinant role in eco-evolutionary processes (Wolf et al. 2007 in Nature). The decomposition of the behavioural variation in between- and within-individual variability has revealed the existence of consistent between-individual differences referred to as personality or behavioural types (Dall et al. 2004 in Ecology Letters). Five axes of personality are usually recognized (exploration, aggressiveness, activity, sociability and boldness), and individual specificities along them tend to be correlated leading to what is known as behavioural syndromes. Recently, these patterns of covariation have been enlarged to accommodate movement behaviour within a personality-dependent spatial ecology theory (Spiegel et al. 2017 in Ecology Letters). Most animals tend to forage, reproduce and develop any activity within specific bounded space, which leads to the formation of home range (HR) areas (i.e., HR behaviour, Börger et al. 2008 in Ecology Letters). The increasing development of animal tracking technology is providing a huge amount of movement data revealing that HR behaviour is widespread among taxa and shows a large consistent variability, both at within- and between-individual level, which allows to define the existence of well-contrasted spatial behavioural types (SBTs). SBTs, as other personality traits, play an important role in selective processes as those impelled by harvesting activities. The Pace-of-Life-Syndrome (POLS) theory (Réale et al. 2010 in Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci), hypothesises on how personality traits are expected to be correlated with life history (LH) traits along the fast-slow continuum (Stearns 1992 in Oxford Univ. Press) in the broadest sense. Accordingly, patterns of covariation between specific SBTs, physiology-related features and LHs would be expected to exist whenever they maximize the animal performance in a given environment. However, the way in which behavioural variation at the within-species level is translated to the wide range of LH traits remains a fundamental yet unresolved question, mainly due to the lack of a proper theoretical framework (Mathot & Frankenhuis, March 2018 in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology). Thus, unrevealing the mechanisms behind is certainly scientifically very exciting but also socially relevant. In such a context, this PhD thesis aimed to address from conceptual, empirical and theoretical perspectives cornerstone questions in behavioural ecology: what are the feasible mechanisms underpinning the establishment of HR areas and within-species variation, what are their consequences for animal functioning and performance (i.e., in. LH traits) at the individual and eco-evolutionary levels, or what are the implications for the assessment and conservation of wildlife of the existence of SBTs. The PhD thesis focusses in a fish heavily exploited by recreational fishers but it aims to provide general reasoning applicable to a wide range of wild animals. First, the PhD thesis proposes a mechanistic theory of personality-dependent movement behaviour based on dynamic energy budget models (i.e., a behavioural-bioenergetics theoretical model). Second, integrated in the field of animal personality (i.e., decomposition of behavioural variability into within- and between-individual’s components), it addresses empirically the study of behavioural variability in the main axis of personality for a marine fish species and looked for evidences of whether personality-mediated differences in energy acquisition may exist. Aiming to support empirically the possible connections between personality traits and space-use behaviour, the thesis provides some insights on the application of a novel-tracking algorithm to analyse the movement of individual fish submitted to different experimental conditions. Third, it provides two examples of how applying HR-related theoretical concepts may improve the management of natural resources: attending the properties of HR may facilitate the assessment of wildlife using fixed monitoring sampling stations, and considering SBTs may influence the assessment of the status of wild fish stocks. Finally, the adaptive value of the proposed behavioural-bioenergetics theory is explored by means of dynamic optimization to understand the eco-evolutionary consequences related with HR variability. In summary, this PhD thesis makes an important contribution to behavioural ecology by developing a unifying theory to test the generality and adaptive value of POLS based on dynamic energy budgets. This behavioural-bioenergetics model connects (1) personality traits (2) HR behaviour, (3) physiology and (4) LH traits through an interwoven of mass/energy fluxes, within which they interact and feedback with the ecological context. Overall, from an eco-evolutionary perspective, the proposed framework constitutes a powerful tool for exploring the ecological role of HR behaviour and predicting what combination of behavioural traits would be evolutionally favoured in a given ecological context. Moving forward to including managerial scenarios, this unifying theory provides scientifically founded knowledge that would promote to improve natural resource management by attending the behavioural component of animal populations.
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Al-Shareeda, Sarah Yaseen Abdulrazzaq. "Enhancing Security, Privacy, and Efficiency of Vehicular Networks." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu150032914711847.
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Reinhardt, Andrew David. "Evaluating and Correcting 3D Flash LiDAR Imagers." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1627306391961169.
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Douds, George Allen 1964. "Recovery rate of Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees.) in a simulated short duration grazing system." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278445.
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A nearly monospecific stand of Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees.) was grazed by cattle during two summer growing seasons to simulate short duration grazing. Grazing treatments were timed to coincide with preboot, boot to early inflorescence and hard seed phenological stages. During each treatment, grazing intensity on individual plants included heavy, moderate or light intensities. In 1990 maximum regrowth occurred when plants were grazed during boot to early inflorescence and at a light grazing intensity. In 1991, plants grazed during preboot or boot to early inflorescence and at a light or moderate intensity produced higher regrowth amounts than the other treatments. Plants grazed during boot to early inflorescence recovered significantly faster than plants grazed during preboot in 1990 and 1991. In 1990 lightly grazed plants recovered biomass faster than plants grazed at heavier intensities. In 1991 plants grazed at light and moderate grazing intensities recovered significantly faster than heavily grazed plants. Heavily grazed plants never produced enough regrowth to resemble moderately or lightly grazed plants within one growing season.
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Lifton, Zachery Meyer. "Understanding an evolving diffuse plate boundary with geodesy and geochronology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50316.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding spatial and temporal variations in strain accumulation and release along plate boundaries is a fundamental problem in tectonics. Short-term and long-term slip rates are expected to be equal if the regional stress field remains unchanged over time, yet discrepancies between modern geodetic (decadal time scale) slip rates and long-term geologic (10^3 to 10^6 years) slip rates have been observed on parts of the Pacific-North American plate boundary system. Contemporary geodetic slip rates are observed to be ~2 times greater than late Pleistocene geologic slip rates across the southern Walker Lane. I use a combination of GPS geodesy, detailed field geologic mapping, high-resolution LiDAR geodetic imaging, and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide geochronology to investigate the observed discrepancy between long- and short-term slip rates. I find that the present day slip rate derived from GPS geodesy across the Walker Lane at ~37.5°N is 10.6 ± 0.5 mm/yr. GPS data suggest that much of the observed discrepancy occurs west of the White Mountains fault zone. New dextral slip rates on the White Mountains fault zone of 1.1 ± 0.1 mm/yr since 755 ka, 1.9 +0.5/-0.4 mm/yr since 75-115 ka, 1.9 +0.5/-0.4 mm/yr since 38.4 ± 9.0 ka, and 1.8 +2.8/-0.7 mm/yr since 6.2 ± 3.8 ka are significantly faster than previous estimates and suggest that slip rates there have remained constant since the middle Pleistocene. On the Lone Mountain fault I calculate slip rates of 0.8 ± 0.1 mm/yr since 14.6 ± 1.0 ka and 0.7 ± 0.1 mm/yr since 8.0 ± 0.5 ka, which suggest that extension in the Silver Peak-Lone Mountain extensional complex has increased dramatically since the late Pleistocene.
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Walthall, David. "Data Rate Upgrade of the DFCS Waveform." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608943.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>New tracking/control system requirements demand that the
present DFCS/GRDCUS/MTACS data link bit rate be increased. A
possible method for achieving this increase is to select two
additional 31-bit chip code patterns that are orthogonal to
the present chip codes, and to each other. This method will
not require any more bandwidth than the present 10 MHZ used.
This method suggest that each of the four chip code patterns
are assigned a two bit value ie: 00, 01, 10, 11. At present,
the two correlated chip codes represent data in a pulse
position method. No data is contained in which of the two
chip codes actually correlated. This new method suggest each
of the four chip code patterns will still perform the pulse
position modulation and provide two additional bits of data.
These additional two bits of data will up the data rate of
the link by 100 percent.
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Sikora, Marek. "Detekce slow-rate DDoS útoků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317019.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis is focused on the detection and protection against Slow DoS and DDoS attacks using computer network traffic analysis. The reader is introduced to the basic issues of this specific category of sophisticated attacks, and the characteristics of several specific attacks are clarified. There is also a set of methods for detecting and protecting against these attacks. The proposed methods are used to implement custom intrusion prevention system that is deployed on the border filtering server of computer network in order to protect Web servers against attacks from the Internet. Then created system is tested in the laboratory network. Presented results of the testing show that the system is able to detect attacks Slow GET, Slow POST, Slow Read and Apache Range Header and then protect Web servers from affecting provided services.
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Sambuco, Emily Nicole. "Exploring Great Basin National Park using a high-resolution Embedded Sensor Network." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555579768450066.
Full text
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Mong, Tony Wayne. "Using radio-telemetry to determine range and resource requirements of upland sandpipers at an experimentally managed prairie landscape." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/117.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Science<br>Department of Biology<br>Brett K. Sandercock<br>The native grasslands of North America are highly fragmented, and remaining tracts are intensively managed for grazing. Loss of tallgrass prairie and changing land management practices has caused many grassland birds that rely on these areas for breeding to decline in population numbers. To investigate resource selection and area use requirements of the upland sandpiper, we outfitted birds with radio transmitters at the experimentally managed Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeast Kansas.
Two logistical challenges for wildlife telemetry projects are: minimizing the impact of radios on survival and movement, and optimizing the duration of transmitter attachment. We compared 4 methods of radio attachment for upland sandpipers under field conditions at breeding sites in tallgrass prairie. The daily probabilities of radio retention (DRR) for our 4 attachment methods were: 0.9992 (SE = 0.0005, n = 85) for a leg loop harness, 0.9801 (SE = 0.0099, n = 11) for radios glued to clipped feathers, 0.9627 (SE = 0.0085, n = 25) for radios glued directly to feathers and 0.8538 (SE = 0.0322, n = 20) for radios glued to plucked skin. The expected duration of radio attachment ranged from 1290 days for the leg loop harness, and 6 to 50 days for the glue attachment techniques. Survival rates of males (DSR = 0.9987, SE = 0.0009, n = 53) and females (DSR = 0.9988, SE = 0.0008, n = 71) were similar, and the probability of surviving the 90-day breeding season was about 0.90 in both sexes. We recommend attaching radios with glue to clipped feathers for short-term telemetry studies and a leg loop harness if longer retention is desired.
The unique landscape of Konza Prairie allowed us to investigate specific tallgrass management strategies, and their impact on the range and habitat requirements of a bird that relies on the prairie for breeding. We found that upland sandpipers have large home ranges during the breeding season (male: = 199.0 ha ± 40.5 SE, n = 21, female: = 247.7 ha ± 51.7 SE, n = 23). Male home ranges were twice as large during brood-rearing ( = 200.8 ha ± 69.1 SE, n = 9) than during the nesting period ( = 67.02 ha ± 11.84 SE, n = 14, 1 = 5.14, P = 0.023). Upland sandpipers selected home range sites that had been burned the same spring (n = 44, ²3 = 31.65, P < 0.001), but did not show preference for certain habitat types within their home range ( ²3 = 1.49, P = 0.685). During brood rearing upland sandpipers used sites with higher percentages of bare ground, herbaceous and short woody vegetation, and low amounts of vegetative litter.
Management strategies for the upland sandpiper should seek to preserve large contiguous tracts of tallgrass prairie that receive a heterogeneous mix of burning and grazing.
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Pöykkö, H. (Heikki). "Host range of lichenivorous moths with special reference to nutritional quality and chemical defence in lichens." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951427959X.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Host use and range of herbivorous insects are determined by several factors, of which nutritional quality and secondary chemistry have been shown to play very important roles. For herbivores feeding on lichens these traits are assumed to be more critical than for species feeding on higher plants, since lichens are nutritionally poor and often contain high concentrations of secondary metabolites. I examined the role of lichens' nutritional quality and secondary chemicals on the performance of lichen-feeding Lepidopteran larvae. I also tested whether females of lichenivorous species preferably oviposit on host species of the highest nutritional quality for the growth of larvae.
Larvae of Eilema depressum performed best on Melanelia exasperata, which is of the highest nutritional quality, as indicated by the high N concentration and the absence of lichen secondary metabolites compared to the other lichens studied. Host nutritional quality did not promote the production of an additional generation. Larvae of E. depressum needed fewer instars and grew bigger on a high-quality diet than larvae reared on a diet of poorer quality. However, the main factor contributing to the wide variation in the number of larval instars was the question of whether or not larvae overwintered. Growth of Cleorodes lichenaria at the beginning of the larval period matched equally the nutritional quality of the hosts. However, the final larval period was shortest on Ramalina species, which was preferred by both females ovipositing their eggs and larvae searching for a host. In the field, larvae were found almost exclusively on Ramalina species.
Larvae of E. depressum were not able to survive on intact thalli of Vulpicida pinastri and Hypogymnia physodes, but after removal of lichen's secondary metabolites, larval survival remained equally high as on other lichens. Larvae also showed a clear preference towards thalli with lowered concentrations of secondary metabolites in Parmelia sulcata, V. pinastri and H. physodes. Parietin in Xanthoria parietina was the only secondary metabolite that had no impact on the survival or host selection of E. depressum larvae.
The present results show that the nutritional quality and some lichen secondary chemicals are important factors for the growth, survival and host selection of lichen-feeding Lepidopteran larvae. The preference-performance hypothesis is at least partly able to explain the host range of C. lichenaria, although it seems that there are also other factors, such as larval dispersal and host selection or top-down forces, that might contribute to host range of lichenivorous Lepidopteran larvae. Moreover, lichenivorous larvae seem to be partly responsible for their own host selection.
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Svoboda, Lukáš. "Studie snížení energetické náročnosti bytového domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226693.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of the thesis is firstly to get all the information about the initial state of solved block of flats, which is located on the street Merhautova 76/954 in Brno – Černá pole, in terms of constructions, energy consumption and initial state of heating system. In the second part of the thesis, where are discussed the possibilities of reduction of energy consumption, variant drafts of reduction of energy consumption and their financial costs and the choice of optimal variant. Third part deals with assement of solved block of flats in terms of sustainable built environment by using tool to rate buildings in terms of sustainable built environment - SBToolCZ, evaluation of possibility to use renewables. In the end are written summaries and recommendations.
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Pasupathy, Muthukumar. "A comparison of range and range-rate based GRACE gravity field solutions." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2818.
Full textAbstract:
In the generation of the standard GRACE gravity fields, the K-Band Ranging (KBR) system data is used in its range-rate mode. Because time derivatives attenuate the gravity signal relative to the data noise at the lower frequencies, it is thought that solutions using range data might have better low-degree (low-frequency) characteristics. The purpose of this work is to detail the methods required to generate range-based solutions, to determine some of the properties of these solutions and then to compare them to range-rate based solutions. It is demonstrated that the range-based solutions are feasible. Different subarc lengths and parameterizations were considered. Although, the most effective combination of subarc lengths and parameterizations are not picked, it is concluded that estimating the mixed periodic term along with bias, bias-rate, bias-acceleration and periodic terms degrades the quality of the range based solution and therefore should not be used. Further study is necessary to pick the optimal combination of subarc length and parameterization which would be used in the time-series analysis.<br>text
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Chan, Yun-Ju, and 詹雲如. "Observability Analysis of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Using Range and Range-Rate Measurements." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m7eg8r.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>工程科學及海洋工程學研究所<br>107<br>This study investigates the localization of underwater vehicles via the observability analysis using both inter-vehicle range and range-rate measurements. An instantaneous observability of the dynamic system is defined by taking the Gramian matrix of the Lie derivatives, in which the condition number of the observability Gramian matrix is a metric of the observability. Better observability is obtained when the condition number is reduced (the inverse of the condition number is increased). The condition number formula is derived with not only the range but also the range-rate measurements. The overall characteristics of the inverse of the condition number for including both measurements are similar to those for using only range measurements. With additional range-rate measurements, the improvement is observed when the angle between the relative velocity vector and the position vector is close to or . With increasing the inverse of the condition number, the trace of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) error covariance matrix is reduced.
The derived framework was demonstrated first using numerical simulations; Several routes including straight, circular, spiral and square paths were considered. Then a field experiment was conducted in WangHiXiang Bay, in 2017, with an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) equipped with a compass, a tomographic sensor and a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL). The tomographic sensor transmits m-sequence signals, providing range and range-rate data simultaneously. The experiment results are consistent with the simulation results. Incorporating range-rate measurements improves the inverse of the condition number and therefore the localization of AUV.
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Bizup, David F. "Improving radar target tracking with the range rate measurement /." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3097282.
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Guo, Bin, and 郭賓. "Rate-Distortion-Computation Optimized Search Range Decision for Motion Estimation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51016122940924866625.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>電機工程學系<br>97<br>In video coding standard, the motion estimation technique is widely adopted to
significantly eliminate the temporal redundancies existing in video signal at the cost
of intensive computational burden. To reduce the computational overhead of motion
estimation, a dynamic search range decision algorithm is proposed in this thesis based
on the Lagrange optimization approach which aims at optimizing the tradeoff between
computational complexity and rate distortion performance. In addition, with the rapid
popularity of computation resource constrained devices, computation aware design
receives more and more attentions recently. To address this issue, this thesis proposes
a computation aware motion estimation algorithm which adaptively allocates the
computational resource to the motion estimation process according to the available
computation budgets. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can
distribute the proper computation resource to each macroblock (MB) and thus saving
the encoding time up to 70% when compared to full search motion estimation
algorithm.
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Lu, Chia-Chi, and 呂佳齊. "An HARQ Scheme with Large Rate Adaptation Range Through Hierarchical Coding." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7y896u.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電信工程研究所<br>104<br>In this thesis, we propose a new HARQ protocol based on the concepts of rate-compatible punctured code assisted ARQ and a new shortened code based protocol.
The proposed protocol admits a large operating SNR range. The large dynamic coding rate range is also useful for non-ARQ related link adaptation applications.
A distinct feature of the new HARQ protocol is: when a packet (frame) fails to pass the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) test and the system is operating at a rate lower than that of the mother code, the corresponding re-transmitted packet will consists of a coded payload resulted from systematic encoding a fraction of the CRC-failed bits plus new data bits. The re-encoded part plays the role of bridging two (component) codes, or equivalently, building a larger code out of smaller codes. A variety of decoding schedules that exchange messages between two or among more packets (component codes) become available, yielding various performance, complexity and latency trade-offs. Numerical results show that, compared with the conventional HARQ protocol, our approach provides significant better throughput performance in the low SNR region and remains competitive in other SNR regions.
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Jia-Wei, Jian, and 簡嘉韋. "High-Conversion Rate and Wide-Range Time-to-Digital Converter for PET Applications." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41984075411891849642.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>電機工程學系碩士班<br>103<br>In this thesis, high conversion rate, conversion wide range and high-resolution time-to-digital converter for positron emission tomography (PET) applications are presented. The proposed TDC not only can achieve high speed of operation, but also have low circuit complexity as compared with conventional approaches.
This thesis presents two different time-to-digital architectures; the first proposed architecture employs a two-level cascade-stage structure to achieve high timing resolution and wide sampling range at the same time. Simulation results show that the proposed TDC can be improved to 200MHz with 50ps resolution in 90nm CMOS process technology. The second proposed architecture employs multi-level cascade-stage structure with interpolator to improve timing resolution, and achieve low power consumption, Simulation results show that the proposed TDC can be improved to 200MHz with 25ps resolution in 0.18µm CMOS process technology. In addition, the proposed TDC can be implemented with standard cells, making it easily portable to different processes and very suitable for biomedical chip applications.
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Ting, Cheng-Wei, and 丁正偉. "A Multi-rate/Multi-range Multicast Routing Protocol in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54096126450634144015.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>長庚大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>91<br>An ad hoc network is composed of a collection of mobile nodes with no fixed infrastructure or central administration. And each mobile node acts as a router. In IEEE 802.11b standard, it supports four different data rate: 1, 2, 5.5, and 11 Mb/sec. Each level of data rate is coded in different modulation schemes. According to the characteristic of modulation scheme, a higher level modulation scheme requires higher signal to noise ratio (SNR). In general, the SNR value decreases when transmission distance becomes larger. And this characteristic forms a multi-range wireless networks for multi-rate transmission. But, all the existing multicast routing protocols only use fixed data rate (e.g., 1 or 2 Mb/sec) to transfer data. If we can take advantage of higher data rate to transfer data, we can reduce the time spent for transferring data. And then, there will be more channel resource time been released. At the same time, we can also obtain less end-to-end delay. In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-rate/multi-range multicast routing protocol (M3RP). It constructs a multicast tree with multiple data rates that has lower network channel resource consumption and smaller end-to-end delay from the multicast source to the multicast receivers. Simulation results show that M3RP performs much better in high traffic load than conventional minimum-hops approach with fixed data rate.
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Jiang, Jyun-Ping, and 姜俊平. "A High Slew-Rate AMLCD Source Driver Output Buffer Applicable for Wide Load Range." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16068056186213910450.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>臺灣大學<br>電子工程學研究所<br>98<br>In recent years, the trend of display goes toward high-definition (HD) display for the active-matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD). The LCDs haves been used in wide varieties of electronic devices, from large-size TV to small-size portable gadgets. To attain high image quality, high LCD resolution is required. As the HD LCD resolution is increased, the source driver of every column line needs to have fast transient response. Therefore, the output buffer of source driver needs to provide the high slew-rate and low dc offset voltage.
A high slew-rate source output driver with frequency compensation was fabricated with TSMC 0.35-μm 2P4M CMOS technology. With 5-V supply voltage, it draws only 5-μA static current. In order to meet the high-performance display quality, the slew-rate of the output buffer should be faster than 1μs under the load of 10kΩ/300pF. However, the phase margin of the circuit needs to be larger than 30° under the load of 0kΩ/50pF. Hence, the output buffer is suitable for both small LCD panels and large size LCD panels.
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Tsai, Tung-Wei, and 蔡湯唯. "Slew-Rate Enhancement Low-Dropout Regulators with Low Quiescent Current and Wide Stable Range." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06109592020657560178.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電信工程研究所<br>99<br>This research focuses on the realization of capacitorless and fast transient low dropout (LDO) linear regulator. We present two slew-rate enhancement architectures for new LDO circuits. The thesis provides a solution for power management system of portable devices. It can also be embedded in SoC (System on a Chip) to fully remove bulky external capacitors.
The instant way to raise the slew rate is to raise the bias current, which, however, causes higher power consumption. Therefore, we design the first chip of the capacitorless low-dropout voltage regulator with fast transient through push-pull biasing. When the output voltage has larger variation, it will increase the bias current to pull the output voltage back to the original value quickly. Moreover, we design a dynamic bias circuit to fasten the transient response. As for the second chip, we not only raise its slew rate, but also design a new type of two-stage error amplifier to increase DC loop gain and enhance load regulation and line regulation performance efficiency. Meanwhile, we use simple current mirrors to raise bias current to dynamically increase slew rates and improve transient responses.
These two low dropout regulators can provide loading current from 0mA to 100mA, and maintain the stable status even without load capacitor. The both systems have an output voltage of 1.1 V and a maximum current capability of 100 mA. The proposed chips were fabricated by standard TSMC 0.18 μm 1P6M and 0.35 μm 2P4M CMOS processes, respectively.
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Huang, Shih-Feng, and 黃士逢. "A Study on The Performance Measurement of Range versus Rate for Wi-Fi System." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u2e94j.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>資訊學院資訊學程<br>107<br>With the rapid development of wireless local area networks, more and more wireless communication products exist around us, such as commonly used handheld devices, wireless hotspots, smart home appliances, Internet of Things, etc. at home, in the office, in large conference rooms, Wi-Fi products are found in hypermarkets and airports. Wi-Fi products are used in so many scenarios, which will increase the difficulty of developing Wi-Fi products. How can developers know the performance of their products in so many scenarios? This is a big problem.
In this paper, we use RvR which is a Wi-Fi test standard, and a channel simulator to implement a Wi-Fi RvR test system. The channel simulator can build IEEE TGn channel models, so you can use channel simulators to simulate different scenarios, from personal offices to large spaces. In this way, as long as the system is available, Wi-Fi product developers can verify the performance of Wi-Fi products in different scenarios in the lab, without having to find a place to meet the various scenarios for verification, greatly reduce development time and costs.
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Wang, Yung-Da, and 王永達. "An Intelligent Modulation Controller with Fuzzy Function for IEEE 802.11 Multi-Rate/Range Transmission." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03730993192297764360.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>淡江大學<br>電機工程學系<br>90<br>Mobile devices in the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) have the ability to transmit data frames at one of four transmission rates 1/2/5.5/11 Mb/s. This is because the commercial WLAN transceivers have equipped with several different modulation schemes. Based on the characteristic of modulation scheme, a higher transmission rate will result in a shorter transmission distance and a longer time consumption on data frame transmission.
If the channel environment is relatively clear and the transmission distance is short, one should choose a higher transmission rate to transmit data frame to maximize channel utilization. On the contrary, a lower transmission rate should be selected to minimize the frame loss and frame error probabilities. Therefore, the problem of choosing a proper transmission rate to accommodate varying environment is a new and valuable problem in the pervasive LANs. To our knowledge, it is very difficult and impractical to formalize an indoor environment since the channel status is quite unstable and unpredictable.
Instead of, we propose an Intelligent Modulation Controller ( IMC ), which employs the powerful fuzzy set function, for intelligently selecting the transmission rate for frame transmissions. This fuzzy control function refers the average received signal strength indicator ( RSSI ), the average frame error rate ( FER ) and the average medium access control ( MAC ) delay to make a right decision. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed fuzzy controller indeed enhances the network throughput and the access delay.
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Dawson, Jennifer Anne. "Pulse oximetry during neonatal transition: the POINT studies." 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7140.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives for the first part of this thesis were to describe changes in oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in newly born infants in the delivery room (DR) and to illustrate the changes using centile reference charts. The objective of the second part of the thesis was to investigate whether infants < 29 weeks gestation who receive positive pressure ventilation (PPV), immediately after birth with a T-piece have higher SpO2 measurements at five minutes than infants ventilated with a self inflating bag (SIB).<br>Study Design. A prospective observational study was used to achieve the first objectives. For the second part of the thesis I coordinated a randomised, controlled trial of two devices used for resuscitation of extremely preterm infants in the DR where the primary outcome measure was SpO2.<br>Patients and methods. In all studies a Masimo Radical pulse oximeter (PO) was placed on the infant’s right hand/wrist immediately after birth. PO data (oxygen saturation, HR and signal quality) were downloaded every 2 sec and analysed only when the signal had no alarm messages (low IQ signal, low perfusion, sensor off, ambient light).<br>Results. Observational studies: The dataset to develop the reference range charts included 61,650 data points from 468 infants. Infants had a mean (range) gestational age of 38 (25-42) weeks and birthweight 2970 (625-5135) g. For all 468 infants at one minute the 3rd, 10th, 50th, 90th and 97th centiles were 29%, 39%, 66%, 87% and 92%; at two minutes 34%, 46%, 73%, 91% and 95% and at five minutes 59%, 73%, 89%, 97% and 98%. It took a median of 7.9 (IQR 5.0 to 10) minutes to reach a SpO2 > 90%. SpO2 of preterm infants rose more slowly than that of term infants. At one min the median (IQR) HR was 82 (66 to 138) bpm rising at two min and five min to 151 (112 to 169) bpm and 166 (148 to 176) bpm respectively. In preterm infants, the SpO2 and HR rose more slowly than term infants.<br>Randomised trial: Forty nine infants were randomly allocated to the T-piece and 50 to the SIB. Ten infants did not receive PPV, 4 (8%) in the T-piece group and 6 (12%) in the SIB group and were not included in the analysis. Forty-one infants received PPV with a T-piece and 39 with a SIB. At 5 minutes after birth there was no significant difference between the mean (SD) SpO2 in the T-piece and SIB groups [50 (31)% vs. 53 (25)%, (p=0.73)]. More T-piece infants received oxygen during DR resuscitation (100% vs. 90%, p=0.04). There was no significant difference between the groups in the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); endotracheal intubation or administration of surfactant in the DR. Fewer of the T-piece group who left the DR on CPAP were intubated in the first 24 hrs after birth. (7% vs. 23%, p=0.05).<br>Conclusion. The centile charts developed in this thesis provide a reference range for SpO2 and HR in the first 10 minutes after birth for preterm and term infants. In the randomised trial there was no significant difference in SpO2 at five minutes after birth in extremely preterm infants given PPV with a T-piece or a SIB.
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Chen, Jenhui, and 陳仁暉. "Multi-rate/Multi-range Routing Protocol for Multi-hop Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Design and Performance Evaluation." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05023195476464564849.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>淡江大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>91<br>A multi-hop mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is formed with several independent mobile hosts (MHs) or devices in a limited communication range. Some form of routing protocol is in general necessary in such an environment, since two MHs that may wish to exchange packets might not be able to communicate directly. Therefore, how to design an efficient routing protocol is an important issue in such multi-hop MANET. Many ad hoc routing protocols exchange and update their routing information by using broadcast scheme. However, in current wireless communications such as IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN), there is no acknowledgment reply mechanism for broadcast and multicast frames. This shortcoming leads to an uncertain broadcast/multicast problem in MANET and will degrade the performance of routing protocols.
Recently, adaptive transmission techniques have been extensively investigated for improvement of transmission performance in wireless communications. One of these techniques is the variable-rate quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) scheme. With the characteristics of modulation schemes, the data rate of wireless communication is inversely proportional with the transmission distance (range). Therefore, how to design an efficient medium access control (MAC) and routing protocol for supporting multi-rate/multi-range transmission in multi-hop MANET environment is another important issue.
According to above-mentioned problems, we propose a reliable broadcast mechanism to solve the uncertain broadcast/multicast problem in MANET, and then propose a multi-rate/multi-range routing protocol (M2RP) for multi-rate transmissions (e.g., 1/2/5.5/11 Mb/sec) in this dissertation. With the characteristics of these issues, the conventional shortest path of minimum-hops approach will be no longer suitable for the multi-rate/multi-range multi-hop ad hoc networks (M3AN). Thus, by analyzing the MAC delay of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol, the proposed M2RP is capable of predicting the transfer delay of a routing path and finding the best one, which has the minimum transfer delay from source to destination. The proposed M2RP can maximize the channel utilization as well as to minimize the network transfer delay from source to destination. Simulation results show that M2RP performs the load balancing and fast routing very well, and its call blocking probability is obviously lower than that of conventional minimum-hops approach with fixed transmission rate.
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Hung, Yu-Cheng, and 洪裕程. "A De-skew Clock Generator for Arbitrary Delay and An All-Digital Continuous Rate Wide-Capture Range CDR." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27233767916835425898.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電子工程學研究所<br>99<br>This thesis contains two chips one is DLL the other is CDR implemented in standard CMOS technology.
The delay locked loop (DLL) is widely used for high-speed memory interface circuits and clock multipliers to perform clock de-skew. The DLL offers two attractive advantages over conventional PLL: one is a faster locked time, and the other is unconditionally stability. First, half of this thesis proposed a 300- to 800-MHz low jitter and ringing effect free de-skew clock generator for arbitrary delay. The generator is designed and fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. The power consumption is 10mW at 800MHz.
The rapid growth of data transmission demands low-cost communication systems operating at frequencies over several GHz. The pursuit for larger bandwidth converts the transmission medium from copper wire to fiber gradually. Clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits both remove the jitter in the data and retime the data for the succeeding circuits. A complete investigation and implementation of this CDR from a digital circuit point of view will be elaborated in this research.
The other half of this thesis proposed a TDC-based all-digital wide capture range CDR and is implemented by standard 90-nm CMOS technology. The proposed architecture can increase the capture range.
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Wu, Cho-Jui, and 吳卓叡. "European Option Pricing with Stochastic Volatility, Stochastic Interest Rate and Jump Diffusion:Jump Range Restriction in Taiwan’s Stock Market." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01024562135580656505.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>數學系碩士班<br>104<br>This paper presents a stochastic model which describe expected trend for Taiwan's stock market reasonably. The model is based on Louis O.Scott’s (1997) model structure but with two CIR (Cox–Ingersoll–Ross) models form on volatility and interest rate, and in the jump term, we created a specific probability density function that fits Taiwan’s special range restriction. With the model mentioned before, this paper used FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) with Scott’s special characteristic function and Matlab to approach the option price. Then compared the option price and the effect from jump diffusion and stochastic interest term with the theoretical option price from Black-Scholes Model and Heston Model .
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Qi, Yan. "Accelerated thermal fatigue of tin-lead and lead-free solder joints : effect of temperature range and rate of change." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=371001&T=F.
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