Journal articles: 'Rape victims – Counseling of'

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Ledray, Lynda E. "Counseling Rape Victims: The Nursing Challenge." Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 26, no. 2 (January 16, 2009): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6163.1990.tb00305.x.

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Brookings, Jeffrey B., Alan W. McEvoy, and Mark Reed. "Sexual Assault Recovery and Male Significant Others." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 75, no. 5 (May 1994): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949407500512.

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A questionnaire addressing rape crisis services for male significant others (MSOs) of rape victims (i.e., husbands, fathers, brothers, close male friends) was mailed to the directors of all 700 rape-prevention and -treatment programs in the United States. Completed questionnaires were received from 411 programs, including 162 that were identified specifically as full-service rape crisis centers. Although 97% of the center directors responded that services for MSOs facilitate victim recovery, few centers offered services to males other than referral or short-term crisis counseling. Furthermore, 85% of the directors acknowledged that males were reluctant to use these services. The authors offer strategies for involving men in the recovery process with the assistance of rape crisis centers, including groups for secondary victims and staffing and referral considerations.

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Fitri Z, Yenny. "PROBLEMATIKA PELAKSANAAN ABORSI BAGI KORBAN PERKOSAAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 36 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG KESEHATAN." JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum) 5, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.33760/jch.v5i1.205.

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Rape is a frightening crime for women because the impact of rape is not only felt when the crime is committed, but also affects the future. One of them is an unwanted pregnancy. For rape victims, the choice of continuing an unwanted pregnancy or having an abortion is an equally difficult choice. Basically, abortion is clearly a prohibited act, both legally, morally, ethically, decently, and religiously. Although prohibited, abortion cases in Indonesia actually show an increase every year. In response to the problem of abortion for victims of rape, the government has given birth to Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health. However, since the legal umbrella was born, it has been minimal and in fact there have been almost no rape victims who have used this safe abortion practice as a way to abort their unwanted abortion. This happens because of problems in the field of practice, it is not as easy as the description of the theory set forth in the legislation. While almost every day rape victims continue to fall in all parts of Indonesia. To answer this problem, the author conducts research using normative juridical methods. Thus it is expected to be able to find problems or problems in the implementation of abortion for victims of rape based on Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health. The research shows that there are three problems in Law Number 36 Year 2009 regarding Health which makes it difficult for rape victims to obtain safe and legal abortion services. These problems include the maximum obstetrical age of 40 days for abortion for rape victims to be considered too short, the Ministry of Health has never prepared training requirements for medical personnel and counseling training for abortion for rape victims, then health services that meet the conditions set by the Minister is still very limited and cannot be easily accessed in any part of Indonesia. Therefore, the problematic implementation of legal and safe abortion for rape victims found in the Health Act must be immediately corrected, so that rape victims do not return to become victims due to the implementation of unsafe illegal abortion practices.

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Rogers, Maurice, and Arozatulo Mendrofa. "PERANAN LEMBAGA SWADAYA MASYARAKAT (LSM) TERHADAP PENANGANAN KASUS TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA ANAK." JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana 2, no. 2 (November 17, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.46930/jurnalrectum.v2i2.757.

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The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in handling cases of sexual violence against children is very important. The role of NGOs in carrying out advocacy and other services for victims of sexual violence against children aims to fulfill children's rights as mandated in the child protection law. The method used in this research is normative legal research method. The writing of this research uses analysis of interpretation and syllogism to describe or explain the legal issues under study, provide comments and then make a conclusion on the results of the research with the help of theory. Based on the research and discussion carried out by the author, namely the role of non-governmental organizations in handling criminal cases of sexual violence against children, namely conducting legal advocacy against children as victims of sexual violence to fulfill their rights, besides that Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) provide assistance to victims such as counseling services to strengthen and provide a sense of security for victims of rape who have suffered trauma and mental and psychological consequences so that counseling is very helpful for mental recovery and restoring the victim's self-confidence.

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Saladino, Valeria, Stefano Eleuteri, Elisa Zamparelli, Monica Petrilli, and Valeria Verrastro. "Sexual Violence and Trauma in Childhood: A Case Report Based on Strategic Counseling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105259.

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Children and adolescents are too often victims of sexual abuse and harassment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 150 million girls and 73 million children <18 have been victims of violence and sexual exploitation during their childhood. Data show that females are more likely to be a victim of abuse and violence than males (20% vs. 5–10%). Such abuses lead to long-term psychophysical and relational consequences and victims are often afraid of asking for support from both parents and professionals. This case report shows the story of a 17-year-old adolescent, Sara, involved by her mother in a strategic counseling process, to solve BDSM-type sexual addiction (slavery and discipline, domination and submission, sadism and masochism), self-aggressive behavior, and alcohol abuse issues. The strategic counseling process is structured in 15 sessions and was based on problem-solving techniques and corrective behavioral strategies. During the sessions, it emerged that Sara had been a victim of sexual violence at the age of 6 and that she had never talked about the rape with anyone. At the age of 12, she began to experience social anxiety and shame, feelings that led her to use alcohol and seek violent sexual partners and bondage relationships. During the counseling sessions, Sara elaborated on her trauma, becoming more aware of her resources and her desires, and she learned to manage the sense of guilt and shame associated with the violence suffered, through alternative strategies. At the end of the process, Sara normalized her relationship with sex and alcohol, regaining her identity.

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Foa, Edna B., Barbara O. Rothbaum, David S. Riggs, and Tamera B. Murdock. "Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: A comparison between cognitive-behavioral procedures and counseling." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59, no. 5 (1991): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.59.5.715.

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Lim, Leslie. "Sexual Assaults in Singapore: A Comparative Study of Rapists and Molesters." Medicine, Science and the Law 42, no. 4 (October 2002): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580240204200411.

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Sexual assaults vary in terms of severity from molestation, which involves touching, stroking, fondling or grabbing of any part of the victim's body, to rape, where victims have been known to suffer severe emotional trauma. The aim of the study is to compare molesters with rapists using hypotheses that molesters and rapists commit their offences at different times of the day, at differing locations and with differing relationships with their victims. The influence of alcohol on both groups was also studied. Convicted molesters and rapists were given a semi-structured interview in prison. Demographic information and details of each offence were obtained from prison records. Comparisons were made of the demography, time, place, reasons for assault, relationship of offender to victims and the role of alcohol and drugs consumed by the perpetrators. Molesters and rapists were of similar age and ethnicity, but differed in that rapists had attained a lower educational level and were more likely to be single. Rapists were more likely to report having drunk alcohol, committing rape after midnight and in secluded places. Molesters struck in the afternoon hours and usually in crowded places. Victims of molesters tended to be relatives whereas victims of rapists were more likely to be ex-spouses or ex-lovers. Molesters tended to give other reasons for their offences. Differences between molesters and rapists could lead to intervention strategies chiefly targeting the issues of poor socialisation skills in molesters and alcohol counselling for rapists.

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Santoso, Agung Budi. "Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) Terhadap Perempuan: Perspektif Pekerjaan Sosial." KOMUNITAS 10, no. 1 (September 23, 2019): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/komunitas.v10i1.1072.

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National Commission on violence against women (2015) noted that violence against women showed a widespread pattern. The 2016 annual press release (Catahu) released that there were 321,752 of violence cases. The largest type of violence against women was violence in the personal sector. Violence in the form of rape was 72% (2,399 of cases), violence in the form of obscenity was 18% (601 of cases), and sexual abuse was 5% (166 of cases). The majority of personal violence victims (domestic / household) were women. The forms of domestic violence included physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence and neglect of the household; while the main factor was the lack of communication and disharmony among family members. The impact in the short term was usually like a physical injury, disability, pregnancy, loss of work, and so forth; while the long-term effects were psychological disorders (psychiatric), loss of confidence, fend for oneself, trauma and appearance of fear to depression. The handling of domestic violence is one of the focuses of social workers to play a role in helping / assisting the recovery of victims. The social worker should be able to convince the victims to dare to express their problems, to give a sense of security, and comfort. Social workers in helping victims of domestic violence should have knowledge and alignment to the victims that the slightest violence is a form of crime against humanity. Victims of domestic violence must immediately obtain the protection, security assurance and social assistance. The efforts which can be done by social workers are counseling and family counseling. Those are done as a form of therapy so that victims do not feel the prolonged trauma and they can think calmly.

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Henning, Kris R., and Lisa M. Klesges. "Utilization of Counseling and Supportive Services by Female Victims of Domestic Abuse." Violence and Victims 17, no. 5 (October 2002): 623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.5.623.33714.

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Increasing attention to the high prevalence of domestic violence (DV) and its impact on women’s physical and mental health has resulted in expanded services for abused women. Abused women appear to underutilize the formal counseling services available in many communities, however, and further research is needed to identify factors related to service utilization. In the present study, 1,746 women assaulted by a male intimate partner were identified from a larger pool of women interviewed by Pretrial Services following the arrest of their spouse/partner on domestic abuse charges. The women were selected for the current study if they reported prior physical assaults perpetrated by the same spouse/partner listed in the instant offense. In addition to describing previous physical assaults and psychological abuse by their current spouse/partner, women were also asked whether they had ever sought “formal counseling/supportive services” to address the abuse. Consistent with the prior literature, only a minority of the victims reported prior use of these services (14.9%). Additional analyses indicated that the likelihood of having accessed services varied as a function of victim demographic factors (race, relationship to the offender, income), characteristics of the prior DV (prior injury by partner, forced sexual activity, prior psychological abuse), and whether the victim’s children witnessed the fighting. Limitations of the study and implications for service providers and the courts are discussed.

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Mezey, Gillian C., and Pamela J. Taylor. "Psychological Reactions of Women Who Have Been Raped." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 3 (March 1988): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.3.330.

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Twelve women, reporting rape to the police, were interviewed on three occasions over a 4-month period. Their psychological and behavioural experiences, during that time, were compared with those of 12 controls: women who were attending a Family Planning Clinic and without a history of such trauma, and small numbers of victims of non-sexual assault. All victims showed, initially, high levels of distress or some psychopathology but only the rape victims were reliable in attending follow-up appointments. In all but one case the acute, intense symptoms of distress resolved, but other substantial changes in lifestyle had taken place. The particular difficulties in counselling and research in this area were highlighted by this pilot work. Would-be counsellors should be cautious about taking on this kind of work unless considerable practical and emotional support is available to them.

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Hutchinson, Chris Huntley, and Susan A. McDaniel. "The Social Reconstruction of Sexual Assault by Women Victims: A Comparison of Therapeutic Experiences." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 5, no. 2 (September 1, 1986): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1986-0013.

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In this study, the conventionally accepted view of sexual violence against women as manifested by traditional therapy is contrasted with the feminist perspective represented by feminist therapy and feminist self-help groups for victims of sexual assault. The focus of the research is on the ways in which consumers of different therapies are taught socially to reconstruct their sexual assault experiences. On the basis of intensive interviews with victims of sexual assault or incest who have subsequently experienced therapy, the reconstructions of the assault encouraged by conventional therapeutic approaches are found to differ sharply from those developed in feminist modalities. The conclusion is that conventional therapies for victim of sexual assault tend to perpetuate the existing belief structure about rape and incest by isolating and blaming the victim. In contrast, feminist counselling and feminist self-help groups remove the woman's false sense of guilt, validate the woman's experience with sexual violence, and enable the victim to develop an understanding of the social structural context in which sexual assault occurs.

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Baral, Madan Prasad. "Medico Legal Cases in One Stop Crisis Management Center (OCMC) Kaski." Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjpahs.v2i2.28189.

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Background: The OCMC (One stop crisis management center) has been established in the recognized government hospitals of Nepal. The OCMC has built coalition and create an organizational management system with other organizations for providing comprehensive health and treatment services, legal aid services, and counseling services and make certain protection to the survivors of GBV (Gender based violence) as well as to manage and control GBV incident. Worldwide more than 119 countries have laws on domestic violence, 125 countries have laws on sexual pestering and 52 countries have laws on marital rape but still women are suffering from different physical, sexual and Psychological violence. Rape, hurt/battery, Indecent assault, are the main forms of violence. Materials and Methods: Study is conducted in Western regional Hospital Pokhara, in OCMC (One stop crisis management center). It is a cross-sectional type of study. Data collected by the observation, interview and case study from the survivors of violence, available published materials related to women Violence and OCMC are also studied. Total 200 cases of GBV survivors came to OCMC center of Kaski from 2073Baisakh to 2074Ashad and included in the study as a primary source of data. Conclusion and Result: Out of total 200 cases, sexual offence victims were maximum in number which was 140 and least were forced marriage victim which were only 4 in number. More than 50% of dalit caste people were the survivors of GBV cases. GBV cases were predominant in age group of 20- 30 years. Maximum numbers of victims of GBV in sexual offence cases were alleged Rape cases which accounts 85% of total cases came to OCMC center.

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Fadilah, Khusnul. "PEMULIHAN TRAUMA PSIKOSOSIAL PADA PEREMPUAN KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI YAYASAN PULIH." EMPATI: Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial 7, no. 2 (July 9, 2020): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/empati.v7i2.11423.

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Abstract. One form of crime against humanity is rape, sexual harassment, sexual slavery or other forms of sexual violence where the victims are often women. In dealing with cases of sexual violence, not only do we depend on government regulations that provide severe penalties for the perpetrators, but also the role of the surrounding community who care about social problems, especially community institutions. The role of institutions is very much needed in handling victims of sexual violence which have severe impacts on both children and adults. With this this set of background, Pulih Foundation was born as a psychological institution that provides counseling and assistance services for the recovery victims of sexual violence. This study aims to reveal how the stages and efforts to recover trauma of sexual violence victims to recover from the violence effects. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive research type. Data collection consists of interview, observation and documentation. The selection of informants uses a purposive sampling technique. The research results show that Pulih Foundation has been making efforts to restore vvictims of sexual violence by providing assistance and counseling. In the recovery effort, victims of sexual violence go through the following stages: emotional stages such as the denial stage, the anger stage, the depression stage and the offer stage before finally reaching the acceptance stage. Abstrak. Salah satu bentuk kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan berupa pemerkosaan, pelecehan seksual, perbudakan seksual atau bentuk-bentuk kekerasan seksual lainnya yang korbannya sering kali adalah perempuan. Dalam menangani kasus kekerasan seksual tidak hanya perpangku tangan mengandalkan peraturan pemerintah yang memberikan hukuman berat untuk para pelaku, tetapi juga peran masyarakat sekitar yang peduli akan masalah sosial terutama lembaga-lembaga masyarakat. Peranan lembaga sangat dibutuhkan dalam penanganan korban kekerasan seksual yang menimbulkan dampak berat baik pada anak maupun pada orang dewasa. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut Yayasan Pulih lahir sebagai lembaga psikologi yang memberikan layanan konseling dan pendampingan untuk pemulihan korban kekerasan seksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap bagaimana tahapan dan upaya pemulihan trauma kepada korban kekerasan seksual untuk pulih dari dampak kekerasan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodelogi penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan itu Yayasan Pulih melakukan upaya pemulihan untuk korban kekerasan seksual dengan memberikan pendampingan serta konseling. Pada upaya pemulihan, korban kekerasan seksual melewati tahapan sebagai berikut: tahapan emosi seperti tahap penyangkalan, tahap kemarahan, tahap depresi dan tahap penawaran sebelum akhirnya mencapai tahap penerimaan.

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Amanda, Amanda, and Hetty Krisnani. "ANALISIS KASUS ANAK PEREMPUAN KORBAN PEMERKOSAAN INSES." Focus : Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial 2, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/focus.v2i1.23129.

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Pada dewasa ini, semakin banyak kasus yang menimpa anak-anak bangsa khusus nya anak perempuan, salah satu kasus yang rentan menimpa anak perempuan pada saat ini adalah kekerasan seksual yang dapat terjadi pada berbagai kelompok umur, status sosial, tempat dan waktu. Kekerasan seksual dapat terjadi tidak hanya pada orang yang tidak dikenal, kekerasan seksual yang menimpa anak perempuan dapat pula terjadi di lingkungan terdekat yaitu keluarga. Pelecehan seksual pada lingkup keluarga termasuk kedalam pemerkosaan inses, dimana hubungan seksual ini terjadi antara kerabat dekat, biasanya antara anggota keluarga. Anak yang menjadi korban inses sangat membutuhkan perlindungan baik dari kerabat yang lain maupun para pekerja sosial, karena korban akan mengalami trauma yang berkepanjangan. Peran pekerja sosial dalam kasus anak perempuan korban inses ini untuk memberikan layanan konseling baik untuk korban dan juga keluarga nya, selain itu pekerja sosial juga dapat membantu dalam pelayanan pendampingan hukum untuk bekerja sama dengan lembaga-lembaga hukum agar membantu korban sebagai klien agar kasus nya di selesaikan secara hukum. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini menggunakan studi literature. Studi yang mengkaji pemberitaan media massa dan memanfaatkan data dari liputan media dan beberapa literature mengenai anak korban inses seperti buku, jurnal, artikel yang telah dipublikasikan. Nowadays the more cases that afflict the nation's children especially girls, one of the cases that are vulnerable to girls at this time is sexual violence that can occur in various age groups, social status, place and time. Sexual violence can occur not only in people who are not known, sexual violence that befell girls can also occur in the closest environment, namely the family. Sexual abuse in the family sphere is included in incest rape, where sexual relations occur between close relatives, usually between family members. Children who are incest victims desperately need protection from other relatives and social workers, because victims will experience prolonged trauma. The role of social workers in the case of incest victims is to provide counseling services for victims as well as their families, besides that social workers can also assist in legal assistance services to work with legal institutions to help victims as clients so that complete legally. The method used in writing this article uses a literature study. Studies that study mass media coverage and utilize data from media coverage and some literature on incest victims such as books, journals, published articles.

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Sule, Aisha I., Musibau A. Titiloye, and Oyedunni S. Arulogun. "Knowledge, perception and experience of sexual entrapment among undergraduate students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria." Gates Open Research 3 (May 15, 2019): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12954.1.

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Background: Deceit into sexual activities without the victim being aware of the intended action is common in tertiary institutions as the environment promote activities that make students vulnerable, especially females, young and new students. The resulting physical, psychological and social consequences, including harassment, sexual assault, non-consensual sex, injury, psychological trauma and suicide attempts, have affected many young people. This study was aimed at exploring the knowledge, perception, experience of sexual entrapment among undergraduate students of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This multi-stage cross-sectional survey involved 422 participants using semi-structured questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically, while Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Results: Mean age of respondents was 20.5±3.0 years, 52.6% were males, 58.8% and 81% had a good knowledge and perception of sexual entrapment, respectively. Prevalence of sexual entrapment was 18%, affecting more males (55.3%) and first year students (39.5%), 59.2% of the perpetrators are friends of the victim. Students were entrapped on campus through; emotional support (42.1%), money (34.2%), accommodation assistance (7.9%), material things/gifts (21.1%), assignment assistance (10.5%), help with registration (4.0%), religious activities (6.6%), debt repayment (11.8%) and counseling (9.2%). It resulted to; unwanted sex (34%), rape (4%), pregnancy (1.3%), STDs (4%), Injury (13%), psychological trauma (27.6%), loss of trust (52.6%) and attempted suicide (23.7%) among victims. Effective coping mechanisms were adopted by 55.3% of respondents. There was a significant association between knowledge and perception; knowledge and experience; perception and experience (p<0.05). Findings from the in-depth interview revealed care, tutoring, political positions, and pretense to need help as other tactics. Conclusions: Sexual entrapment is common on campus, affecting males and females, knowledge and perception influence experience of sexual entrapment, requiring the need for a holistic approach to reduce its prevalence.

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Benedek, Ellissa. "Rape and Rape Victims." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 6 (June 1991): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/029862.

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Ayanlowo, Morolake Ayanseeke, Omolola Irinoye, and Olayinka Olaitan Aremu. "Women's perceptions of factors contributing to unintended pregnancy and actions to prevent it in the Eruwa community, Oyo State, Nigeria." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 13, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2018.0017.

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Introduction: Unintended pregnancy, used synonymously with unplanned and unwanted pregnancy, contributes to a high health burden among women of reproductive age in many countries. This study focused on women's perceptions of factors contributing to unintended pregnancy and actions that can be taken to prevent it, in Nigeria. Objectives: To collect data that will inform preventive education and support for women and help to reduce the burden of unintended pregnancy, especially among women at a community level. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. 338 women of childbearing age were selected systematically from the town of Eruwa using a multistage sampling technique. A pre-tested self-structured questionnaire was issued to identify sociodemographic data of participants and their perceptions of factors contributing to unintended pregnancy and actions that can be taken to prevent this. The Chi squared test determined if sociodemographic characteristics were significantly associated with perceptions of effective actions. Results: Peer influence, rape, and lack of parental care were most commonly perceived as factors contributing to unintended pregnancy. Abstaining from sex, preconception counselling, and self-control were commonly identified as effective preventive measures. The perceptions that the use of arm implants or self-control are effective actions to prevent unintended pregnancy were significantly associated with the marital status of participants (P= 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Several perceived methods for effective actions in preventing unintended pregnancy were significantly associated with the age of participants, including arm implants (P<0.000) and the calendar contraceptive method (P= 0.004). Conclusions: These findings highlight several factors that women in Nigeria believe contribute to unintended pregnancy. Efforts should be directed at ensuring victims of rape are treated fairly and without discrimination, as well as encouraging positive preventive actions, such as contraceptive use, to reduce unintended pregnancy and contribute to the reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity.

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Reynolds, Maureen. "Rape victims." Nursing Standard 2, no. 8 (November 21, 1987): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.8.37.s79.

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Kahn, Arnold S., Virginia Andreoli Mathie, and Cyndee Torgler. "Rape Scripts and Rape Acknowledgment." Psychology of Women Quarterly 18, no. 1 (March 1994): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00296.x.

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Past research has indicated that nearly half of college-aged women who experience forced, nonconsensual sexual intercourse, do not label their experience as rape. We found evidence that these unacknowledged rape victims possess more violent, stranger rape scripts than do acknowledged rape victims, who are more likely to have an acquaintance rape script. The difference in rape scripts between acknowledged and unacknowledged rape victims was not due to different demographics or actual rape experience. However, unacknowledged victims did have a sexual history which involved less force than did acknowledged victims. Apparently, most unacknowledged victims do not define their rape experience as rape because they have a rape script of a violent, stranger, blitz rape which does not match their experience of being raped in a less forceful manner by someone with whom they were acquainted. The extent to which their less forceful sexual histories is related to their more violent rape scripts remains to be investigated.

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Ruckman, Lillian M. "Victims of rape." Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 5, no. 6 (December 1993): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001703-199312000-00002.

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Egan, Rachel, and Janet Clare Wilson. "Rape Victims' Attitudes to Rape Myth Acceptance." Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 19, no. 3 (June 2012): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2011.585128.

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Boakye, Kofi E. "Attitudes Toward Rape and Victims of Rape." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24, no. 10 (February 27, 2009): 1633–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260509331493.

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23

Frieze, Irene Hanson. "Rape Victims and Community Responses to Rape." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 34, no. 1 (January 1989): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/027543.

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Christiansen, Dorte, Rikke Bak, and Ask Elklit. "Secondary Victims of Rape." Violence and Victims 27, no. 2 (2012): 246–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.2.246.

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Rape is often a very traumatic experience, which affects not only the primary victim (PV) but also his/her significant others. Studies on secondary victims of rape are few and have almost exclusively studied male partners of female rape victims. This study examined the impact of rape on 107 secondary victims, including family members, partners, and friends of male and female rape victims. We found that many respondents found it difficult to support the PV and that their relationship with the PV was often affected by the assault. Furthermore, the sample showed significant levels of traumatization, and it was estimated that approximately one quarter of the respondents suffered from posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD). Degree of traumatization was associated with a more recent assault, higher efforts to support the PV, recurrent thoughts about having been able to prevent the assault, a lack of social support for the respondent, and feeling let down by others. The respondents were generally interested in friend-, family-, and partner-focused interventions, particularly in receiving education about how best to support a rape victim.

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Ebert, Bruce Walter. "Hypnosis and Rape Victims." American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 31, no. 1 (July 1988): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029157.1988.10402767.

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Mezey, Gillian C. "Treatment of rape victims." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 3, no. 4 (July 1997): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.3.4.197.

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Sexual offences account for just under 1% of all notifiable offences and have been increasing over the past decade (Home Office, 1993). However, the official statistics on rape prevalence grossly underestimate the extent of the problem; many cases of non-consensual intercourse are not reported or prosecuted; about one-third of reported serious sexual offences are ‘no crimed’ by the police, and many rape offences are reduced to lesser charges through the practice of plea bargaining. Only a small minority of alleged rapists are eventually convicted and receive a custodial sentence (Gregory & Lees, 1996).

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MURPHY, SHANE M., ANGELYNNE E. AMICK-McMULLAN, DEAN G. KILPATRICK, MARY E. HASKETT, LOIS J. VERONEN, CONNIE L. BEST, and BENJAMIN E. SAUNDERS. "Rape Victims' Self-Esteem." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 3, no. 4 (December 1988): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088626088003004001.

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FOA, EDNA B., BARBARA OLASOV ROTHBAUM, and GAIL S. STEKETEE. "Treatment of Rape Victims." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 8, no. 2 (June 1993): 256–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088626093008002006.

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Littleton, Heather, Marlee Layh, and Kelly Rudolph. "Unacknowledged Rape in the Community: Rape Characteristics and Adjustment." Violence and Victims 33, no. 1 (2018): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.33.1.142.

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Unacknowledged rape, labeling a rape as a nonvictimizing event, remains largely unstudied among non-college women. This study therefore sought to examine differences in assault characteristics, adjustment, and disclosure by rape acknowledgment status among a sample of lower income rape victims (n =104) recruited from a reproductive health clinic (mean age = 28.8 years). Although unacknowledged rape was infrequent (17.1% of victims), unacknowledged victims reported that the perpetrator used less force and were less likely to have assertively resisted, as compared to acknowledged victims. There were no significant differences in disclosure, depression, and somatic complaints between unacknowledged and acknowledged rape victims. Implications of the findings for understanding rape acknowledgment and postrape adjustment among community women are discussed.

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Whittaker, Shaun R. "Counseling Torture Victims." Counseling Psychologist 16, no. 2 (April 1988): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000088162008.

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AHRENS, COURTNEY E., and REBECCA CAMPBELL. "Assisting Rape Victims as They Recover From Rape." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 15, no. 9 (September 2000): 959–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088626000015009004.

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Littleton, Heather L., and Julia C. Dodd. "Violent Attacks and Damaged Victims." Violence Against Women 22, no. 14 (July 9, 2016): 1725–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216631438.

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Scripts are influential in shaping sexual behaviors. Prior studies have examined the influence of individuals’ rape scripts. However, these scripts have not been evaluated among diverse groups. The current study examined the rape scripts of African American ( n = 72) and European American ( n = 99) college women. Results supported three rape scripts: the “real rape,” the “party rape,” and the mismatched intentions rape, that were equally common. However, there were some differences, with African Americans’ narratives more often including active victim resistance and less often containing victim vulnerability themes. Societal and cultural influences on rape scripts are discussed.

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Javaid, Aliraza. "Masculinities, sexualities and identities: Understanding HIV positive and HIV negative male rape victims." International Sociology 32, no. 3 (March 18, 2017): 323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580917696387.

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This empirical article focuses on how HIV intersects with male rape, and how the virus challenges and weakens male rape victims’ sense of masculinity. Drawing on hegemonic masculinity to elucidate the different ways in which men as victims of rape cope with their disease, the article argues that male victims handle the effects of rape themselves to keep their masculinity intact. Drawing on interviews with HIV positive and non-HIV positive male rape victims ( N = 15), it is argued that male victims of rape not only often struggle to manage their HIV status in a social sphere, but also may suffer contradictions in relation to embodying hegemonic masculinity. In addition to such struggles, male rape victims sometimes attract victim blaming attitudes, such as ‘he asked for it’, indicating that male rape victims are blamed for both contracting HIV and for being raped. HIV positive and non-HIV positive male rape victims question their masculinity while stigma develops through social relations with other people, particularly other men. Male rape myths are present in western society. This article seeks to open up a dialogue surrounding the salient issues associated with male rape, including HIV and male rape myths, while attempting to eliminate such harmful myths. It is important to tackle male rape myths because they can contribute to the underreporting of male rape and can compound male rape victims’ reluctance to seek help for their HIV, emotional and psychological suffering.

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Hetu, Vibha. "Reflections on the society’s reaction towards rape victims in Delhi City." Temida 17, no. 3 (2014): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1403003h.

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In general, most people display stronger beliefs in ?aggravated rape? or ?real rape?; including victims of such rape cases who often identify themselves as ?rape victims? than the victims of ?simple rape?, where none of the aggravating circumstances are present. Despite myths to the contrary these ?simple rape? cases in fact make up the majority of cases. This article considers the implications of ?real rape? and demonstrates how notions about what a ?typical rape? should be, in the form of rape myths, directly impact on societal attitudes towards rape victims and how the media continue to reinforce and perpetuate the notion of real rape through their selective reporting of ?serial rape?, ?stranger rape? or especially ?violent rapes?.

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Javaid, Aliraza. "Making the invisible visible: (un)meeting male rape victims’ needs in the third sector." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-08-2016-0248.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the voluntary sector meets male rape victims’ needs in England, UK. The author’s contribution represents an attempt to piece together some of the voluntary sector’s responses to male rape victims in England, UK and examine whether they meet male rape victims’ needs. Design/methodology/approach The author draws on data collected from semi-structured interviews and qualitative questionnaires with male rape counsellors, therapists and voluntary agency caseworkers (n=70). Findings The findings reveal nuanced themes that have been overlooked in the existing literature of male rape: first, male rape victims are not given a choice of their voluntary agency practitioner (regarding gender) to serve them; second, there is no specific training on male rape in voluntary agencies; third, the impact of limited resources and funding in the voluntary sector means that many male rape victims’ needs are unmet; and finally, there is ageism and discrimination in some voluntary agencies, whereby male rape victims are prioritised in terms of their age. Research limitations/implications Methodologically, the author’s sample size was not considerably large (n=70), making it difficult to generalise the findings to all voluntary agency practitioners in a British context. Practical implications At a time of scarce funding and scant resources for the third sector, the impact of limited resources and funding in the voluntary sector could mean that male rape victims may not receive proper care and treatment. Budget cuts in the third sector are problematic, in that voluntary agencies may be unable to get access to robust training programs for male rape or to resources that can help shape and develop the ways in which they serve male rape victims. The needs of male rape victims, therefore, are unlikely to be met at the local, regional and national levels. Social implications Some practitioners are misinformed about male rape and do not have the tools to be able to adequately and efficiently handle male rape victims. Not only can their lack of understanding of male rape worsen male rape victims’ trauma through inappropriate ways of handling them, but also the practitioners may implicitly reinforce male rape myths, such as “male rape is solely a homosexual issue” or “men cannot be raped”. Originality/value Whilst previous contributions have recognised the third sector’s responses to female rape victims, little work has been done to identify their treatment of male rape victims. The author attempts to fill some of this lacuna. In particular, The author draws attention to some of the issues and dilemmas that arise when voluntary agencies provide services for male victims of rape. The author’s concern is that many male rape victims’ needs may be neglected or ignored because of the rise in neoliberalism, as there appears to be a financial meltdown in the voluntary sector.

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Levine-MacCombie, Joyce, and Mary P. Koss. "Acquaintance Rape: Effective Avoidance Strategies." Psychology of Women Quarterly 10, no. 4 (December 1986): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1986.tb00756.x.

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To date, research on effective rape avoidance strategies has involved media-recruited, acknowledged rape victims and avoiders, most of whom were assaulted by total strangers. In the present study, rape avoidance research was extended to a sample of acquaintance rape victims and avoiders who were located by a self-report survey that identified women who both do and do not conceptualize their assaults as rape. The study's goal was to determine whether acknowledged rape victims, unacknowledged rape victims, and rape avoiders could be discriminated by situational variables including the response strategies used in the assault. Victims and avoiders were significantly discriminated. Compared to rape victims, avoiders (1) were less likely to have experienced passive or internalizing emotions at the time of the assault, (2) perceived the assault as less violent, and (3) were more likely to have utilized active response strategies (i.e., running away and screaming). The results suggest that the major findings of existing research on stranger rape avoidance are generalizable to acquaintance rape. However, concerns are expressed over methodological limitations of research on rape avoidance from the victim's perspective.

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Tyra, Patricia A. "OLDER WOMEN: Victims of Rape." Journal of Gerontological Nursing 19, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-19930501-06.

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Ellis, Colin Derek. "Male Rape – The Silent Victims." Collegian 9, no. 4 (January 2002): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1322-7696(08)60432-1.

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Slaughter, Laura, and Carl R. V. Brown. "Cervical findings in rape victims." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 164, no. 2 (February 1991): 528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(11)80013-x.

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Brooksbank, D. J. "Male rape: Support for victims." BMJ 307, no. 6899 (July 31, 1993): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6899.323-a.

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Partington, G. E. "Aids: The Victims of Rape." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 60, no. 2 (April 1987): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x8706000210.

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Kim, Jong-Won. "Psychiatric Problem in Rape Victims." Ewha Medical Journal 19, no. 2 (1996): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.12771/emj.1996.19.2.173.

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Moffat, R. "Police surgeons and rape victims." BMJ 303, no. 6804 (September 21, 1991): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6804.713-a.

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Nagel, Barbara, Hisako Matsuo, Kevin P. McIntyre, and Nancy Morrison. "Attitudes Toward Victims of Rape." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 20, no. 6 (June 2005): 725–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260505276072.

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McArthur, Margaret J. "Reality therapy with rape victims." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 4, no. 6 (December 1990): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(90)90026-h.

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Damrosch, Shirley P., Bonnie Gallo, Deborah Kulak, and Cheryl Mador Whitaker. "Nurses' Attributions about Rape Victims." Research in Nursing & Health 10, no. 4 (August 1987): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770100407.

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Smith, Sharyl Brase. "Restraints: Retraumatization for Rape Victims?" Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 33, no. 7 (July 1995): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19950701-06.

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Resnick, Heidi, Jeannine Monnier, Brenda Seals, Melisa Holmes, Madhabika Nayak, Joan Walsh, Terri L. Weaver, Ron Acierno, and Dean G. Kilpatrick. "Rape-Related HIV Risk Concerns Among Recent Rape Victims." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 17, no. 7 (July 2002): 746–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260502017007003.

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Castro, Erin D., Matt R. Nobles, and Egbert Zavala. "Assessing Intimate Partner Violence in a Control Balance Theory Framework." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 3-4 (January 30, 2017): 600–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516689776.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the role that control occupies in the motivation for, and development of, intimate partner violence (IPV). The research literature often theorizes about the importance of control in gender-based crimes; however, few studies have empirically tested these assumptions. Given the breath of theoretical approaches in examining IPV and the need for individualized explanations, the current study used concepts from Tittle’s control balance theory. This integrated theory accounts for many of the known risk factors, such as self-control and routine activities, while accounting for individual perceptions of control. A college student sample ( N = 401) was used, in accordance with the literature that has found this subpopulation to be at high risk for IPV. An online survey was distributed to potential participants to capture self-reported incidents of victimization and perpetration of IPV within the past year. Statistical analysis using segmented nonlinear regression models was estimated to assess sex difference effects. The results showed no difference in control continuums between the sexes but did find significant associations between control deficits and female victimization and perpetration, as well as significant association between control deficits and male perpetration of IPV. These findings have implications beyond the theoretical confirmation that control is key factor to this type of violence. In addition to greater education regarding dating expectations, control deficits may be particularly important for socially marginalized groups, such as those from the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. Efforts can then be made to identify issues with control in IPV counseling, victim services, treatments for offenders, and other gender-based crimes, such as rape, sexual assault, and stalking.

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Duff, Simon, and Amy Tostevin. "Effects of gender, rape myth acceptance, and perpetrator occupation on perceptions of rape." Journal of Criminal Psychology 5, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-12-2014-0019.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of gender-stereotypical beliefs and associated factors (gender, level of rape myth acceptance (RMA), and occupation) on public attitudes towards rape victims with the aim of establishing whether participant and perpetrator characteristics have effects on individuals’ attitudes towards rape victims. With regards to participants, gender, age, occupation, and the extent to which an individual endorses rape myths were investigated. The authors also considered whether participants’ attitudes were influenced by the occupation of a rapist as described in a vignette looking at occupations deemed to be stereotypically male or female. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 185 individuals participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of three conditions based on the rapist’s occupation (stereotypically male occupation, gender-neutral occupation or stereotypically female occupation). Participants completed an online survey consisting of a RMA questionnaire, read a short vignette depicting a rape scenario (where they were also informed of the perpetrator’s occupation) and completed a further questionnaire on their attitudes towards rape victims. Results were examined by regression. Findings – The results indicate that both participant occupation and level of RMA significantly contributed to attitudes towards rape victims, however, a statistically significant effect for rapist occupation was not found. Originality/value – Findings are discussed in terms of implications for individuals working within services supporting victims of rape and the potential consequences of holding stereotypical beliefs for rape victims and perpetrators. It is important that research identifies those factors that might bias decision making in the legal system and thus impact upon outcomes for victims and offenders.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rape victims – Counseling of'

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