Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)"

1

Ozkan, Haydar, and Osman Semih Kayhan. "A Novel Automatic Rapid Diagnostic Test Reader Platform." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7498217.

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A novel automatic Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) reader platform is designed to analyze and diagnose target disease by using existing consumer cameras of a laptop-computer or a tablet. The RDT reader is useable with numerous lateral immunochromatographic assays and similar biomedical tests. The system has two different components, which are 3D-printed, low-cost, tiny, and compact stand and a decision program named RDT-AutoReader 2.0. The program takes the image of RDT, crops the region of interest (ROI), and extracts the features from the control end test lines to classify the results as invalid, positive, or negative. All related patient’s personal information, image of ROI, and the e-report are digitally saved and transferred to the related clinician. Condition of the patient and the progress of the disease can be monitored by using the saved data. The reader platform has been tested by taking image from used cassette RDTs of rotavirus (RtV)/adenovirus (AdV) and lateral flow strip RDTs ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) before discarding them. The created RDT reader can also supply real-time statistics of various illnesses by using databases and Internet. This can help to inhibit propagation of contagious diseases and to increase readiness against epidemic diseases worldwide.
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Giantini, Astuti, Dewi Wulandari, and Siskawati Suparmin. "Comparison of Syphilis Rapid Diagnostic Test to Rapid Plasma Reagin, Treponema pallidum Haemagglutination Assay and Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption for Syphilis and Yaws Diagnostics." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v12i2.1029.

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BACKGROUND: Syphilis and yaws are the treponemal infections which have become serious public health problems, and both are serologically indistinguishable. Developed serological tests for syphilis may also be used to diagnose yaws. In remote area, test modality with minimal requirements were needed. This study investigated the diagnostic value of syphilis rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in diagnosing syphilis and yaws.METHODS: For syphilis diagnostic test, serum samples were obtained from patients of outpatient clinic in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital who were sent for rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) to clinical laboratory of the hospital. The serum samples were collected and stored at -80°C until the day of testing for syphilis RDT and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-Abs). For yaws diagnostic test, serum samples were obtained as a part of surveillance study of yaws among children 1-15 years old in West Halmahera. Venous blood samples were used for syphilis RDT and the sera were separated and were sent to Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital for RPR, TPHA, and FTA-Abs tests.RESULTS: For syphilis diagnostic test, among 156 samples, 39 samples were positive with syphilis RDT. The sensitivity of syphilis RDT was similar to RPR and TPHA (100.0%), the specificity was same as TPHA (77.5%), but lower than RPR (84.8%) when compared to FTA-Abs IgM. The sensitivity of syphilis RDT was 62.5% and the specificity was 96.0% when compare to FTA-Abs IgG. For yaws diagnostic test, among 176 samples, 13 samples were positive with syphilis RDT. By using FTA-Abs IgM as gold standard for diagnosing yaws, the RDT have similar sensitivity (50.0%) with RPR and TPHA and syphilis RDT have similar specificity to TPHA (93.1%). If compared to FTA-Abs IgG, the sensitivity of syphilis RDT was 40.0% and the specificity was 98.0%.CONCLUSION: Syphilis RDT gives similar results with TPHA in syphilis and yaws cases. It may be used as a first line screening test latent or untreated syphilis and yaws because of good sensitivity. For yaws diagnosis Syphilis RDT, RPR, and TPHA have low sensitivity, however all those tests have an excellent agreement.KEYWORDS: FTA-Abs, rapid diagnostic test, syphilis, yaws
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Suarjana, I. Made Dwija, and Muhammad Nauval. "RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST (RDT) DALAM DETEKSI MALARIA (Literature Review)." JURNAL KEDOKTERAN 5, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.36679/kedokteran.v5i1.167.

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LATAR BELAKANG : Penyakit malaria merupakan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh parasit malaria, suatu protozoa darah genus plasmodium yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk anopheles betina yang terinfeksi. Tes diagnostik cepat untuk malaria berpotensi dapat digunakan di fasilitas ritel obat perifer swasta. Mereka sensitif dan dapat digunakan dengan pelatihan minimal. Di sektor publik formal, menggantikan ini untuk diagnosis klinis (non-tes) dalam pengaturan periferal tanpa akses ke laboratorium umumnya mengarah ke penargetan yang lebih baik. Surveilans epidemiologi terhadap penyakit dapat menentukan penilaian situasi suatu penyakit, di antaranya malaria. Pengamatan yang terus menerus atas distribusi dan kecenderungan penyakit malaria melalui pengumpulan data yang sistematis sangat diperlukan untuk penentuan penanggulangan yang terbaik dan tepat sasaran. METODE : Pada artikel ini digunakan 2 jurnal Randomize Controll Trial mengenai Uji Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) malari untuk mengetahui spseifitas dan sensitivitas dari uji diagnostic tersebut. Penilaian spesifitasdan sensitivitas kami lakukan secara manual menggunakan table tradisional 2x2. DISKUSI : penelitian uji diagnostic RDT jika dibandingakan dengan standart baku yaitu blood smear, menunjukkan sensitivitas dan spesifitas yang sangayt baik.
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Vishruti Gandhi, Vishruti Gandhi, Prasad Muley, Niyati Parikh, Hardik Gandhi, and Akash Mehta. "Is rapid diagnostic test (malaria Pv/Pf Ag card test) reliable in diagnosing malaria." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20175565.

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Background: Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected female anopheles mosquitoes is one of the most important parasitic diseases of human with transmission in 109 countries, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. This study was planned to compare the gold standard i.e. peripheral blood smear examination and the newer rapid diagnostic test (malaria plasmodium falciparum/ plasmodium vivax antigen card) to know the diagnostic accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kits. Methods: All the suspected cases of WHO defined malaria between 1month to 18 years of age were enrolled in the study.Results: Out of 96 clinically suspected cases of malaria 63 were confirmed by peripheral smear. The age range of participants ranged from 4 months to 17 years. On peripheral smear examination, out of 96 clinically suspected cases, 37 (38.5%) cases were positive for P. vivax, 23 (23.9%) were positive for P. falciparum and 3 (3.1%) were positive for both parasites by microscopy. Sensitivity and specificity of RDT for Plasmodium Vivax is 92.5% and 96.4% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of RDT for Plasmodium Falciparum is 96.2% and 90%.Conclusions: The rational use of RDTs as a complement to microscopy might give substantial health benefits through earlier treatment, reduction in morbidity and mortality and more rationalized approach for choosing anti-malarial drugs, which in terms may prevent drug resistance.
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Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda, Walther H. Wernsdorfer, Sinuon Muth, Awalludin Sutamihardja, and Mazie J. Barcus. "A Review of Malaria Diagnostic Tools: Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77, no. 6_Suppl (December 1, 2007): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.119.

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Park, Chunjong, Hung Ngo, Libby Rose Lavitt, Vincent Karuri, Shiven Bhatt, Peter Lubell-Doughtie, Anuraj H. Shankar, et al. "The Design and Evaluation of a Mobile System for Rapid Diagnostic Test Interpretation." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448106.

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Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) provide point-of-care medical screening without the need for expensive laboratory equipment. RDTs are theoretically straightforward to use, yet their analog colorimetric output leaves room for diagnostic uncertainty and error. Furthermore, RDT results within a community are kept isolated unless they are aggregated by healthcare workers, limiting the potential that RDTs can have in supporting public health efforts. In light of these issues, we present a system called RDTScan for detecting and interpreting lateral flow RDTs with a smartphone. RDTScan provides real-time guidance for clear RDT image capture and automatic interpretation for accurate diagnostic decisions. RDTScan is structured to be quickly configurable to new RDT designs by requiring only a template image and some metadata about how the RDT is supposed to be read, making it easier to extend than a data-driven approach. Through a controlled lab study, we demonstrate that RDTScan's limit-of-detection can match, and even exceed, the performance of expert readers who are interpreting the physical RDTs themselves. We then present two field evaluations of smartphone apps built on the RDTScan system: (1) at-home influenza testing in Australia and (2) malaria testing by community healthcare workers in Kenya. RDTScan achieved 97.5% and 96.3% accuracy compared to RDT interpretation by experts in the Australia Flu Study and the Kenya Malaria Study, respectively.
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Mendels, David-A., Laurent Dortet, Cécile Emeraud, Saoussen Oueslati, Delphine Girlich, Jean-Baptiste Ronat, Sandrine Bernabeu, Silvestre Bahi, Gary J. H. Atkinson, and Thierry Naas. "Using artificial intelligence to improve COVID-19 rapid diagnostic test result interpretation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 12 (March 5, 2021): e2019893118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019893118.

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Serological rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used across pathologies, often providing users a simple, binary result (positive or negative) in as little as 5 to 20 min. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, new RDTs for identifying SARS-CoV-2 have rapidly proliferated. However, these seemingly easy-to-read tests can be highly subjective, and interpretations of the visible “bands” of color that appear (or not) in a test window may vary between users, test models, and brands. We developed and evaluated the accuracy/performance of a smartphone application (xRCovid) that uses machine learning to classify SARS-CoV-2 serological RDT results and reduce reading ambiguities. Across 11 COVID-19 RDT models, the app yielded 99.3% precision compared to reading by eye. Using the app replaces the uncertainty from visual RDT interpretation with a smaller uncertainty of the image classifier, thereby increasing confidence of clinicians and laboratory staff when using RDTs, and creating opportunities for patient self-testing.
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Debes, Amanda K., Kelsey N. Murt, Ethel Waswa, Gerald Githinji, Mamo Umuro, Caroline Mbogori, Mellisa Roskosky, et al. "Laboratory and Field Evaluation of the Crystal VC-O1 Cholera Rapid Diagnostic Test." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 2017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1280.

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Abstract.Cholera is a severe acute, highly transmissible diarrheal disease which affects many low- and middle-income countries. Outbreaks of cholera are confirmed using microbiological culture, and additional cases during the outbreak are generally identified based on clinical case definitions, rather than laboratory confirmation. Many low-resource areas where cholera occurs lack the capacity to perform culture in an expeditious manner. A simple, reliable, and low-cost rapid diagnostic test (RDT) would improve identification of cases allowing rapid response to outbreaks. Several commercial RDTs are available for cholera testing with two lines to detect either serotypes O1 and O139; however, issues with sensitivity and specificity have not been optimal with these bivalent tests. Here, we report an evaluation of a new commercially available cholera dipstick test which detects only serotype O1. In both laboratory and field studies in Kenya, we demonstrate high sensitivity (97.5%), specificity (100%), and positive predictive value (100%) of this new RDT targeting only serogroup O1. This is the first field evaluation for the new Crystal VC-O1 RDT; however, with these high-performance metrics, this RDT could significantly improve cholera outbreak detection and improve surveillance for better understanding of cholera disease burden.
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Sillehu, Sahrir, Heny Arwati, Yoes Prijatna Dachlan, and Sudjajadi Keman. "Sensitivity and Specificity of Rapid Diagnostic Test with Microscopic Gold Standard to Identify Plasmodium Species." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (October 8, 2016): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4829.

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Malaria is a main health problem in islands area which is under developed and isolated. Nation-wide, in 2014 Maluku province was recorded to have Annual Malaria Incident (AMI) value of 30.4%, positive incidents of 13.30%, ABER 3.76%, SPR 21.50%, and Annual Paracite Incident (API) 8.10%, while South Buru Regency has a value of Annual Malaria Incident (AMI) of 14.49%, 494 positive incidents, ABER 1.12%, SPR 60.91%, and Annual Paracite Incident (API) 6.86%. The purpose of this study was to identify Plasmodium species in malaria incidents in NamroleSubdistrict, South Buru Regency, Maluku Province. Observational research with a sample of 64 respondents for symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria. The instrument for the research was Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and microscopic Gold Standard. Result: Malaria examination by using RDT suggested 3 kinds of parasites, i.e., P. falciparum, P. Vivax, and a mix between P. falciparum and P. vivax. Most parasites found were P. falciparum 56.3%. The accuracy of RDT examination was proven with microscopic test and the result suggested that the RDT sensitivity was 100% and the specifivity was 63.3%. Positive predictive value was 92.9% and negative predictive value was 100%, both were for positive likelihood ration of 2.75%. While for negative likelihood ration of 0%, the value of degree of conformity (Kappa) between RDT and microscopic is 0%. RDT has one benefit that it can be use to conduct malaria diagnosis rapidly, particularly in isolated areas. The benefit of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was that it could be used in remote and isolated areas to conduct diagnosis. RDT is highly effective and efficient.
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Sillehu, Sahrir, Heny Arwati, Yoes Prijatna Dachlan, and Sudjajadi Keman. "Sensitivity and Specificity of Rapid Diagnostic Test with Microscopic Gold Standard to Identify Plasmodium Species." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (October 8, 2016): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v5i4.4829.

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Malaria is a main health problem in islands area which is under developed and isolated. Nation-wide, in 2014 Maluku province was recorded to have Annual Malaria Incident (AMI) value of 30.4%, positive incidents of 13.30%, ABER 3.76%, SPR 21.50%, and Annual Paracite Incident (API) 8.10%, while South Buru Regency has a value of Annual Malaria Incident (AMI) of 14.49%, 494 positive incidents, ABER 1.12%, SPR 60.91%, and Annual Paracite Incident (API) 6.86%. The purpose of this study was to identify Plasmodium species in malaria incidents in NamroleSubdistrict, South Buru Regency, Maluku Province. Observational research with a sample of 64 respondents for symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria. The instrument for the research was Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and microscopic Gold Standard. Result: Malaria examination by using RDT suggested 3 kinds of parasites, i.e., P. falciparum, P. Vivax, and a mix between P. falciparum and P. vivax. Most parasites found were P. falciparum 56.3%. The accuracy of RDT examination was proven with microscopic test and the result suggested that the RDT sensitivity was 100% and the specifivity was 63.3%. Positive predictive value was 92.9% and negative predictive value was 100%, both were for positive likelihood ration of 2.75%. While for negative likelihood ration of 0%, the value of degree of conformity (Kappa) between RDT and microscopic is 0%. RDT has one benefit that it can be use to conduct malaria diagnosis rapidly, particularly in isolated areas. The benefit of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was that it could be used in remote and isolated areas to conduct diagnosis. RDT is highly effective and efficient.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)"

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Dawson, Emily Mae. "Development and evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for detection of anti-schistosome antibodies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659220.

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Diagnosis of schistosomiasis is still widely reliant on traditional parasitological methods, i.e. the Kato-Katz faecal smear for Schistosoma mansoni and urine filtration for S. haematobium. Since these methods are insensitive, relatively laborious and expensive to perform, much effort has been expended into developing alternative ways of diagnosing the disease. Antibody-detection is the best method for diagnosis in areas of low endemicity. It has the merit of high sensitivity and is likely to be useful for schistosomiasis control as programmes are expanded and accelerated towards meeting the WHO's 2020 goals for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for use at the point-of-care (POC) is much more likely to be useful in low-middle income countries than the current assays that are available for antibody-detection. Work has therefore begun towards developing such a test that incorporates S. mansoni cercarial transformation fluid (SmCTF) for the detection of anti -schistosome antibodies in human blood. Here it is demonstrated that SmCTF performs equivalently to S. mansoni soluble egg antigens (SmSEA) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELlSA) format for the detection of anti -So mansoni, anti-So haematobium and anti-So japonicum antibodies.
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Haddar, Cyrille Hedi. "Développement et évaluation de tests antigéniques rapides pour le diagnostic d’infections méningococciques et pneumococciques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES065.

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Les tests de diagnostic rapide (TDR) sont aujourd’hui des outils indispensables pour une réponse urgente en pathologie infectieuse. De nombreux tests sont disponibles pour rechercher différents agents pathogènes (VIH, streptocoque du groupe A, plasmodium …) dans des prélèvements biologiques variés (urine, liquide cérébrospinal ou LCS, sang …). L’avantage de ce mode de diagnostic est leur rapidité, leur simplicité de mise en œuvre, y compris par des non-spécialistes ou à l’extérieur d’une structure de laboratoire, et leur coût raisonnable. Dans ce travail de thèse CIFRE, nous présentons trois TDR que nous avons contribué à développer et à évaluer, basés sur l’immunochromatographie à flux latéral (LFIA). Le premier TDR cible Neisseria meningitidis dans le LCS, bactérie responsable de redoutables épidémies de méningites dans les pays à ressources limitées. Ce TDR est le seul test commercial de type LFIA qui permette de détecter 5 des 6 principaux sérogroupes impliqués dans la maladie (A/C/W/X/Y). Une étude publiée sous l’égide du CNR des méningocoques à l’Institut Pasteur de Paris montre les excellentes performances de ce test sur près de 560 échantillons de LCS provenant de 6 pays. Le deuxième TDR cible Streptococcus pneumoniae dans l’urine et le LCS, également dans le cadre du diagnostic des méningites bactériennes. Ce test, couplé au précédent, fait l’objet d’une étude multicentrique en Afrique de l’ouest sous couvert de l’OMS. Le troisième TDR est un avatar du précédent dédié aux sécrétions respiratoires. Dénommé PneumoResp, il introduit le concept de TDR semi-quantitatif en proposant d’effectuer le test sur sécrétions non diluées et, en cas de résultat positif, sur sécrétions diluées au 1 :100ème. Nous proposons un algorithme (qui fait l’objet d’un brevet en cours d’expertise) qui vise à différencier le portage de l’infection invasive à S. pneumoniae chez l’enfant. Par rapport aux techniques conventionnelles (culture semi-quantitative et qPCR), nous montrons sur quelque 200 échantillons respiratoires une excellente sensibilité et une très bonne valeur prédictive négative de ce test pour exclure ou suspecter une infection active à S. pneumoniae chez l’enfant dès le premier jour
Nowadays, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are essential tools for an urgent response in infectious diseases. Many tests are available to search for different pathogens (HIV, group A streptococcus, plasmodium ...) in various biological samples (urine, cerebrospinal fluid or CSF, blood ...). The main advantages of this mode of diagnosis are speed, simplicity of implementation, including by non-specialists or outside a laboratory structure, and reasonable cost. In this “CIFRE” (industrial) thesis, we present three RDTs based on lateral flow immunochromatography (LFIA) that we contributed to develop and evaluate.The first TDR targets Neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium responsible for severe outbreaks of meningitis in resource-limited countries, in CSF samples. This RDT is the only LFIA-type commercial test that can detect 5 of the 6 major serogroups involved in the disease (A/C/W/X/Y). A study published under the authority of the meningococci reference centre at the Institut Pasteur of Paris showed the excellent performances of this test on nearly 560 CSF samples collected from 6 countries including 5 in Africa.The second TDR targets Streptococcus pneumoniae in urine and CSF; it is also intended to the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. This test, coupled with the previous one, is the object of a multicentric study presently conducted in West Africa under cover of WHO.The third TDR is an avatar of the previous one but was dedicated to respiratory secretions. Called PneumoResp, it introduces the concept of semi-quantitative RDT. It proposes to perform the test on undiluted secretions and, in the case of positive result, on 1:100-diluted secretions. We present an algorithm (which is the object of a patent pending appraisal) that aims to differentiate S. pneumoniae carriage from invasive infection by this germ in children. Compared to conventional techniques (semi-quantitative culture and qPCR assays), the test performed on 196 respiratory specimens showed an excellent sensitivity and a very good negative predictive value, allowing to exclude or suspect an active S. pneumoniae infection as soon as the first day
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Willie, Nigani. "Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-rich Protein 2 Gene Variation and Malaria Detection in Madagascar and Papua New Guinea." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1519326080906088.

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Ben, Aissa Soler Alejandra. "Rapid diagnostic test for the detection of communicable diseases." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670392.

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La prevenció i el control de les malalties transmissibles depenen, en gran mesura, de la detecció ràpida i eficaç. Els mètodes convencionals per a la detecció d'un patogen, com ara el cultiu microbiològic, generalment requereixen molt de temps, són laboriosos, necessiten personal qualificat i no són aptes com a eines de diagnòstic en el punt d'atenció. El desenvolupament de mètodes de diagnòstic ràpid en el marc dels criteris ASSURED, de l'anglès (A) Affordable, (SS) Sensitive i Didàctiques, (O) User-friendly, (R) Rapid and Robust, (I) Equipment free, and (d) Deliverable to those who need it, Affordable, descrits per l'Organització Mundial de la Salut (OMS), es troben en l'actualitat sota intens estudi. Per tant, la present tesi aborda el disseny i desenvolupament d'estratègies, mètodes i materials per millorar les prestacions analítiques i simplificar el procediment en proves de diagnòstic ràpid, incloses noves estratègies de preconcentració en fase sòlida, mètodes d'amplificació i materials avançats, així com la seva integració en diferents plataformes (principalment biosensors basats en detecció electroquímica i proves en paper amb lectura òptica). En tots els casos, les aplicacions seleccionades es centren en malalties transmissibles, inclosos els patògens transmesos pels aliments i els micobacteris. Amb aquesta finalitat, es comparen dues plataformes basades en paper en diferents configuracions (flux lateral i vertical) en termes de rendiment analític per a la detecció de Mycobacterium. Per aconseguir una millora addicional en el límit de detecció, s'estudia la preconcentració prèvia dels bacteris per separació immunomagnètica. En segon lloc, s'avaluen i es comparen en termes del seu rendiment analític la detecció simultània de Salmonella i E. coli mitjançant flux lateral d'àcid nucleic amb lectura visual i genosensors electroquímics. Si bé aquests mètodes requereixen PCR de doble etiquetatge per a l'amplificació, es poden adaptar fàcilment a termocicladors portàtils que funcionen amb bateries per poder ser realitzats en entorns amb recursos limitats per satisfer les demandes de diagnòstic ASSURED. A més, també es presenta en aquesta tesi la síntesi de polímers magnètics impresos molecularment, per tal de reemplaçar les partícules magnètiques biològicament modificades, i prenent com a model la detecció de biotina i de molècules biotinilades. A més, es realitza la caracterització del material mitjançant diferents tècniques analítiques i es compara, en tots els casos, amb el polímer no imprès. Aquest material biomimètic mostra un gran potencial per a la preconcentració i detecció d'una àmplia gamma d'analits. Malgrat tot els progressos, les tècniques d'amplificació d'àcid nucleic segueixen essent necessàries per assolir els límits de detecció requerits en algunes malalties transmissibles. En aquest sentit, les tècniques d'amplificació isotèrmiques són bons candidats per dur a terme proves de diagnòstic en entorns on la PCR pot ser una barrera. En concret, es descriu en aquest treball la detecció d' E.coli mitjançant un genosensor electroquímic basat en l'amplificació isotèrmica. En aquest cas, s'optimitza la lectura electroquímica per voltamperometria d'ona quadrada en elèctrodes d'un sol ús comparant dues estratègies de marcatge del producte amplificat. És important ressaltar que totes aquestes estratègies apunten a ser utilitzades com a eines per millorar les proves de diagnòstic ràpid en entorns de baixos recursos, per interrompre la cadena d'infecció de malalties transmissibles i permetre, per tant, un tractament precoç.
La prevención y el control de las enfermedades transmisibles dependen, en gran medida, de la detección rápida y eficaz. Los métodos convencionales para la detección de un patógeno, como el cultivo microbiológico, generalmente requieren mucho tiempo, son laboriosos, necesitan personal cualificado y no son aptos como herramientas de diagnóstico en el punto de atención. El desarrollo de métodos de diagnóstico rápido en el marco de los criterios ASSURED, del inglés (A) Affordable, (SS) Sensitive and Specific, (U) User-friendly, (R) Rapid and Robust, (E) Equipment free, and (D) Deliverable to those who need it, Affordable, descritos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), se encuentran en la actualidad bajo intenso estudio. Por lo tanto, la presente tesis aborda el diseño y desarrollo de estrategias, métodos y materiales para mejorar las prestaciones analíticas y simplificar el procedimiento en pruebas de diagnóstico rápido, incluidas nuevas estrategias de preconcentración en fase sólida, métodos de amplificación y materiales avanzados, así como su integración en diferentes plataformas (principalmente biosensores basados en detección electroquímica y pruebas en papel con lectura óptica). En todos los casos, las aplicaciones seleccionadas se centran en enfermedades transmisibles, incluidos los patógenos transmitidas por los alimentos y las micobacterias. Con este fin, se comparan dos plataformas basadas en papel en diferentes configuraciones (flujo lateral y vertical) en términos del rendimiento analítico para la detección de Mycobacterium. Para lograr una mejora adicional en el límite de detección, se estudia la preconcentración previa de las bacterias por separación inmunomagnética. En segundo lugar, se evalúan y se comparan en términos de su rendimiento analítico la detección simultánea de Salmonella y E. coli mediante flujo lateral de ácido nucleico con lectura visual y genosensores electroquímicos. Si bien estos métodos requieren PCR de doble etiquetado para la amplificación, se pueden adaptar fácilmente a termocicladores portátiles que funcionan con baterías para poder ser realizados en entornos con recursos limitados para satisfacer las demandas de diagnóstico ASSURED. Además, también se presenta en esta disertación la síntesis de polímeros magnéticos impresos molecularmente, con el objeto de reemplazar las partículas magnéticas biológicamente modificadas, y tomando como modelo la detección de biotina y moléculas biotiniladas. Además, se realiza la caracterización del material mediante diferentes técnicas analíticas y se compara, en todos los casos, con el polímero no impreso. Este material biomimético muestra un gran potencial para la preconcentración y detección de una amplia gama de analitos. A pesar de todo este progreso, las técnicas de amplificación de ácido nucleico siguen siendo necesarias para alcanzar los límites de detección requeridos en algunas enfermedades transmisibles. Las técnicas de amplificación isotérmica son buenos candidatos para llevar pruebas de diagnóstico en entornos donde la PCR puede ser una barrera. En concreto, se describe en esta disertación la detección de E. coli mediante un genosensor electroquímico basada en la amplificación isotérmica. En este caso, se optimiza la lectura electroquímica por voltamperometría de onda cuadrada en electrodos desechables comparando dos estrategias de marcaje del producto amplificado. Es importante resaltar que todas estas estrategias apuntan a ser utilizadas como herramientas para mejorar las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido en entornos de bajos recursos, para interrumpir la cadena de infección de enfermedades transmisibles y permitir, por tanto, un tratamiento precoz.
The prevention and control of communicable disease rely, to a large extent, on effective and early detection approaches. Conventional methods for the detection of a pathogen, such as microbiological culture, are usually time-consuming, laborious, need skilled personnel and are non-amenable to point-of-care diagnostic tools. The development of rapid diagnostic methods in the framework of the ASSURED criteria as (A) Affordable, (SS) Sensitive and Specific, (U) User-friendly, (R) Rapid and Robust, (E) Equipment free, and (D) Deliverable to those who need it, outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO), are under intensive study. Therefore, the present dissertation addresses the design and development of strategies, methods and materials to improve the analytical performance and to simplify the analytical procedure in rapid diagnostic tests, including novel solid-phase preconcentration strategies, amplification methods and advanced materials, as well as their integration in different platforms (mainly biosensors based on electrochemical detection and paper-based strips for optical readout). In all instances, the applications selected are focused on communicable diseases, including foodborne pathogens and mycobacteria. Therefore, two paper-based platforms in different configurations (nucleic acid lateral and vertical flow) are compared in terms of the analytical performance for the detection of Mycobacterium. In order to achieve a further improvement in the limit of detection, the preconcentration of the bacteria is performed by immunomagnetic separation. Secondly, the simultaneous detection of Salmonella and E. coli by nucleic acid lateral flow with visual readout and electrochemical genosensing are evaluated and compared in terms of their analytical performance. Although these methods required double-tagging PCR for amplification, portable, battery-powered thermocyclers can easily be adapted for resource-constrained settings to meet the demands for ASSURED diagnosis. Furthermore, the synthesis of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, in order to replace biological-modified magnetic particles is also presented in this dissertation, taking as a model the detection of biotin and biotinylated molecules with outstanding performance. Moreover, the characterization of the material is performed by different analytical techniques and compared, in all instances, with the non-imprinted polymer. This biomimetic material shows a great potential for the preconcentration and detection of a huge range of analytes. Despite all these progress, nucleic acid amplification techniques are still necessary to reach the challenging limits of detection required in some communicable disease. Isothermal amplification techniques are good candidates to bring sensitive diagnostic tests in places where the PCR can be a barrier. In detail, the electrochemical genosensing of E. coli based on isothermal amplification is also described in this dissertation. In this approach, the electrochemical readout by square-wave voltammetry on disposable electrodes is optimized comparing two different labelling approaches. It is important to highlight that all these strategies aim to be used as tools for the improvement of rapid diagnostic test in low resource settings, to interrupt the chain of infection of communicable diseases and enabling the rapid treatment.
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Moonasar, Devanand. "An evaluation of the performance and usage of ICT Pf malaria rapid diagnostic test, in the Limopo South Africa." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646534/.

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Aim: This thesis aimed to evaluate the performance and usage of ICT Pf Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (MRDT), in an operational setting in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: Four studies were conducted to: assess factors affecting MRDT use (exploratory study- conducted as part of formative work); determine ICT Pf accuracy (cross-sectional study amongst 405 patients with prospective observational cohort component for follow-up); determine the performance of MRDT end-users (crosssectional observational study) and assess the suitability of using positive control antigen wells (PCWs) for routine quality control. Results: Key informants reported that MRDT accuracy, end-user proficiency and MRDT quality affect MRDT use and impact. The accuracy study found that sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of ICT Pf test were 99.48% (99% Cl; 96.17-100.00%), 96.26% (99% Cl; 94.7-100%) 98.48 (99% Cl 98.41 -100.00%) and 96.26% (99% Cl 91.53-98.79%) respectively. Febrile patients with 'sweating' were 5 times more likely to be ICT Pf positive than those without sweating. Among the 68 patients who returned for day-seven follow up 23 (33%) were ICT Pf positive; however all were microscopy-negative. End-user proficiency: of the 15 recommended steps for MRDT use, 50% of end-users performed 11 or more steps correctly; 50% of end-users interpreted 90% of pre-prepared tests correctly. The false negative interpretation rate was 15%. The quality control study revealed that diluting PCWs with MRDT-negative blood gave better signals than diluting with citrate buffer. PCWs maintain signal strength when stored up to 30 days at 25°C at rural health clinics. Conclusions: Although ICT Pf MRDT can be used for malaria diagnosis in Limpopo, test sensitivity at low level parasitaemias in field settings need to be established. The ICT Pf test should not be used for assessing cure post-treatment. End-user proficiency needs improvement. PCWs can be used to monitor MRDT quality at PHC level.
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Andries, Anne-Claire. "Diagnostic de la dengue : trois solutions pour améliorer la prise en charge des patients et faciliter les études épidémiologiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS146/document.

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La dengue est une maladie virale des régions tropicales et subtropicales, transmise par les moustiques du genre Aedes. Le virus de la dengue (DENV) appartient à la famille des Flaviviridae, genre Flavivirus. Si la plupart des infections sont asymptomatiques ou se traduisent par un syndrome fébrile sans gravité, le virus peut aussi causer une maladie plus sévère caractérisée par une fuite plasmatique, avec ou sans hémorragie. Sans prise en charge adéquate, les formes les plus sévères peuvent évoluer vers un syndrome de choc, potentiellement mortel. Il n’existe pas de traitement spécifique de la dengue mais une réhydratation adaptée et débutée précocement permet de réduire la survenue de formes sévères de la maladie. Malheureusement, les symptômes initiaux de la dengue avant la survenue des éventuelles complications ne sont pas spécifiques et seul un diagnostic biologique basé sur la détection du génome viral, de l’antigène NS1 ou des anticorps anti-DENV dans le sang des patients permet de confirmer la nature exacte de l’infection. La dengue constitue à l’heure actuelle un problème majeur de santé publique du fait de son expansion mondiale et de l’augmentation annuelle du nombre de cas sévères. Pour assurer la surveillance épidémiologique et le contrôle de la maladie, il est indispensable de développer des outils diagnostiques performants et faciles à mettre en œuvre, à la fois utilisables par les médecins de toutes les structures médicales, des simples centres de soins de santé primaire aux centres de référence, et utilisables lors d’enquêtes épidémiologiques pour l’investigation de nouvelles épidémies. Le travail de cette thèse a porté sur plusieurs aspects de cette problématique. Dans une première partie, un test commercial de diagnostic rapide (TDR) permettant la détection simultanée de la NS1 et des IgG et IgM anti-DENV, a été évalué, en laboratoire spécialisé et sur le terrain, afin de comparer, à partir des mêmes échantillons, les performances du test dans deux situations différentes. La sensibilité s’est révélée plus faible lors de l’utilisation sur le terrain que lors de l’utilisation en laboratoire de référence. La majorité des discordances a été observées pour la détection des IgG et des IgM. L’impact de la mise à disposition du test sur la prise en charge des patients a également été évalué et il s’est avéré qu’au cours de cette étude les pédiatres cambodgiens ont ignorés les résultats du test rapide et ont préféré suivre leur instinct clinique.Un second volet a porté sur la faisabilité d’utiliser les urines et la salive en remplacement du sang veineux pour les tests employés en routine pour le diagnostic de la dengue. Les urines et la salive sont des fluides biologiques plus faciles à prélever que le sang veineux ce qui présente un avantage majeur pour les enquêtes épidémiologiques mais peut également secourir les médecins lorsqu’un prélèvement de sang veineux est difficile à obtenir, par exemple chez les enfants. Bien que les performances des différentes méthodes de diagnostic ne soient pas aussi bonnes avec de l’urine et la salive qu’avec du plasma, les résultats obtenus par PCR en temps réel et avec les ELISAs de détection des anticorps anti-DENV démontrent l’intérêt potentiel de ces deux fluides biologiques pour détecter les infections par le DENV lorsqu’il est difficile d’obtenir du sang veineux. Plusieurs TDR commerciaux développés pour permettre la détection de la NS1 et des anticorps anti-DENV (IgM, IgG et IgA) dans les urines et la salive ont été évalués mais les performances obtenues se sont révélées peu satisfaisantes.Une dernière partie du travail a été consacrée à l’étude de la protéinurie comme marqueur pronostic potentiel de sévérité de la dengue. Ce marqueur biologique ne s’est pas révélé être utile pour diagnostiquer précocement les formes sévères de la maladie
Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes, in tropical and subtropical regions. Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Although most DENV infections are asymptomatic or result in a self-limited febrile illness, severe diseases characterized by plasma leakage, with or without hemorrhage, can also occur. Patients with a severe dengue can rapidly progress into a life-threatening shock syndrome if no efficient clinical management is provided. There is no specific treatment available for dengue but an accurate and early fluid therapy substantially reduces the occurrence of severe forms of the disease. Dengue symptoms are typically non-specific until or unless complications develop. Only a biologic diagnosis based on DENV genome, NS1 antigen or anti-DENV antibodies detection enables to confirm dengue cases. Dengue is now a major public health problem due to both its geographical spread and the increase in the number of severe cases. New diagnostic tools are necessary to ensure epidemiological surveillance and control of the disease. These tools need to be effective and easy to use in every medical settings, from the smallest primary health centers to the biggest reference centers, and also usable for epidemiologic studies, e.g. for epidemic investigations. The work presented in this thesis was dedicated to this problematic.In a first part of the work, a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), designed to detect NS1 antigen, anti-DENV IgG and IgM, was evaluated, both in a specialized laboratory and in the field, in order to compare the test performances in two different settings, with the same samples. Interestingly, sensitivity was lower when the test was used in the field compared to the sensitivity of the test when performed in the specialized laboratory. Discordances were mainly observed for IgM and IgG detection. Impact of the use of the RDT on clinical management was also assessed during the field study and it revealed that Cambodian pediatricians ignored the results of the RDT and followed their clinical instinct.A second part of the work was dedicated to the assessment of the usefulness of urine and saliva for dengue diagnostic. Dengue diagnostic normally requires a venous blood sample that can be difficult to obtain in certain conditions such as in children or during epidemiological studies. Urine and saliva are easier to collect as the procedure is non-invasive. We showed that, although the performances of the different diagnostic methods were not as good in saliva and urine as in plasma specimens, the results obtained by qRT-PCR and by anti-DENV antibody ELISA could well justify the use of these two body fluids to detect dengue infection in situations when the collection of blood samples is difficult. Performances of commercial RDTs developed for NS1 and anti-DENV antibodies (IgM, IgG and IgA) detection in urine and saliva specimens were not satisfactory.In the last part of the thesis, the potential use of proteinuria as a prognostic marker of severity was assessed but it didn’t prove to be a useful marker for risk prediction
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7

Carland, Corinne M. "Using multi-criteria decision analysis to assess private sector agents' preferences and priorities in stocking malaria rapid diagnostic test kits in Uganda." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98636.

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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 162-168).
Diagnosis of malaria is important in order to ensure early and effective treatment, to facilitate public health surveillance, and to prevent drug resistance. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are an important tool in resource-constrained settings, as they do not rely on costly lab equipment and specially trained personnel. In Uganda's private sector clinics and drug shops, which is where the majority of patients first seek care, diagnosis of malaria is often presumptive and patients receive neither RDT nor microscopy. Several studies have focused on the patient perspective (e.g. willingness to pay and willingness to be tested) but much less is understood about the supplier perspective (e.g. willingness to stock). This study aimed to understand the preferences and priorities of agents across the malaria RDT supply chain in Uganda on stocking the devices using multi-criteria decision analysis. This methodology was adapted to be relevant and understandable for agents in Uganda so that it was possible to analyze business decisions incorporating a multiplicity of attributes such as selling price, purchase cost, sales volume, complexity of regulations, waste management, and training available. Data surveys and semistructured interviews were collected from 28 private sector retailers (i.e., shopkeepers, pharmacists, clinic managers), two first line buyers, and three distributors. Analysis of the data resulted in the construction of value functions for all agents, the relative weights (therefore the tradeoffs) among decision criteria, and the calculation of an overall value for the decision about whether or not to stock RDTs for the different supply chain agents. Results indicate that the best option for one level of the supply chain is not necessarily the best for another. A discussion offers insights on how to align value across the supply chain, which is important for facilitating public health interventions.
by Corinne M. Carland.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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8

Bauffe, Frédérique. "Etude de protéines parasitaires pour l'amélioration des tests de diagnostic rapide du paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5068.

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Le paludisme est un problème de santé public dans de nombreux pays. Cinq espèces infectent l'homme : P. falciparum, responsable de la grande majorité des décès, et P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae et P. knowlesi qui provoquent des formes bénignes de la maladie. Le diagnostic qui fait partie des moyens de lutte, est une urgence médicale. Les tests de diagnostic rapides (TDRs) dont l'usage est recommandés par l'OMS, sont donc de plus en plus employés. Cependant, la détection et l'identification des espèces non P. falciparum par ces tests est insuffisante. Le besoin en nouveaux couples « antigènes-anticorps » est une nécessité pour améliorer les TDRs. Au cours de ce travail, de nouveaux anticorps anti LDH de P.malariae ont été produits.Une recherche de nouveaux antigènes a également été entreprise. Pour cela, certaines enzymes de la voie de la glycolyse ont été étudiées. Pour la première fois des séquences des enzymes de cette voie ont été obtenues pour P. ovale et P. malariae. Elles ont permis de déterminer de nombreux épitopes cibles potentiels spécifiques et ceux communs à toutes les espèces. Dans un deuxième temps, une recherche en protéomique a été menée pour identifier des biomarqueurs parasitaires. L'étude du culot globulaire et du plasma de patients infectés a permis la sélection de 8 protéines cibles originales. Ces travaux préparent la fabrication et la commercialisation par la société Whidiag d'une nouvelle génération de TDRs pour le paludisme
Malaria is a public health problem in many countries. Five species infect humans: P. falciparum, responsible for the vast majority of deaths, and P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi causing mild forms of the disease. The diagnostic is a means of control and a medical emergency. The rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) whose are recommended by WHO, are increasingly used. However, the detection and identification of not P. falciparum species is insufficient. New "antigen-antibody" couples are a need to improve the RDTs performance. In this work, new anti LDH antibodies from P. malariae were produced. A search for new antigens was also undertaken. For this purpose, some enzyme of glycolysis pathway were studied. For the first time the sequences of the enzymes from this pathway were obtained for P. ovale and P. malariae. We identified many potential target epitopes specific and common to all those species. In a second step, a proteomics approches has been conducted to identify parasites biomarkers. The study of red blood cells and plasma of infected patients has led to the selection of 8 original target proteins. This work prepares the manufacturing and marketing of a new generation of RDTs for malaria by the company Whidiag
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9

Liu, Zhijie. "Identification of Novel Genes for the Development of a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Theileria uilenbergi Infection by Screening of a Merozoite cDNA Library." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-114408.

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10

Seck, Ibrahima. "The Effectiveness of Home Based Management of Uncomplicated Malaria Using Artemisinin Combination Treatments (ACTs) and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in Rural Senegal (West Africa)| Pilot Study in Three Districts." Thesis, Tulane University, Payson Center for International Development, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10257455.

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Introduction: The Home-based Management of Malaria (HMM) is a cornerstone of malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is recommended by WHO to provide prompt access to antimalarial treatment for children in under-served areas. Although HMM has been shown to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality with chloroquine, it has not been examined previously in the era of artemisinin-based combination therapies. The objectives of this study were to determine whether HMM reduced: 1] the time from when a mother or guardian realized her child was ill to the time when the child was brought for treatment and 2] malaria morbidity in children less than 5 years of age.

Methodology: This cross-sectional retrospective study (2008-2014) was performed in intervention villages (receiving HMM) and control villages (not receiving HMM) to examine the effectiveness of HMM.

Key Results: More mothers and guardians were informed about the malaria control activities performed (98% vs. 24%) in intervention than control villages (p < 0.001). Consistent with that result, mothers and guardians in intervention villages sought care for their sick children earlier than mothers in control villages (p < 0.001) and were more likely to obtain treatment from community health workers (CHWs) in their home villages. In contrast, more children were referred for malaria treatment to health posts and health centers from control than intervention villages (p < 0.001). Likewise, more children with complicated malaria were referred for treatment from control villages (p < 0.001), although those conclusions were limited by the small numbers of complicated (severe) malaria cases.

Conclusions: These results indicate HMM shortens the time mothers wait before taking their children to receive treatment. Because more children with uncomplicated or complicated malaria are referred for treatment from control than intervention villages, these results indicate that the availability of HMM treatment in the child’s home village reduces morbidity (the risk of severe malarial disease). However, additional studies with larger numbers of subjects will be necessary to determine if HMM reduces mortality.

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Books on the topic "Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)"

1

World Health Organization (WHO). Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance: Results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs : round 1 (2008). Geneva: World Health Organization on behalf of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, 2009.

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1949-, Pagana Timothy James, ed. Mosby's rapid reference to Diagnostic and laboratory test. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby, 2000.

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Working Group on Rapid Diagnostic Test for Leprosy. Meeting. Report: Meeting of the Working Group on Rapid Diagnostic Test for Leprosy. Manila, Philippines: The Office, 1987.

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Goljan, Edward F. Rapid review laboratory testing in clinical medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier, 2007.

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WHO. Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Performance - results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: Round 1 (2008). WHO Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/tdr.09.978-924-1598071.

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Pagana, Kathleen Deska, and Timothy J. Pagana. Mosby's Rapid Reference To Diagnostic And Laboratory Test. Mosby, 1999.

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Working group on rapid diagnostic test for leprosy. Manila, Philippines: The Organization, 1989.

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Anfossi, Laura, ed. Rapid Test - Advances in Design, Format and Diagnostic Applications. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70916.

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Rapid Review Laboratory Testing in Clinical Medicine: With STUDENT CONSULT Access (Mosby's Rapid Review). Mosby, 2007.

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Arroyo, Vicente, Mónica Guevara, and Javier Fernández. Renal failure in cirrhosis. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0247.

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A major event in liver cirrhosis is the development of a progressive deterioration of circulatory function due to splanchnic arterial vasodilation and impairment in cardiac function. This feature determines a homeostatic activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, and antidiuretic hormone. The splanchnic microcirculation is resistant to the vasoconstrictor effect of these systems. Therefore, the homeostasis of arterial pressure in cirrhosis occurs in the extrasplanchnic, mainly renal circulation. The activation of these systems produces renal fluid retention, which accumulates as ascites, and water retention and dilutional hyponatraemia. In the latest phase of cirrhosis, when circulatory dysfunction is severe, renal vasoconstriction is intense and patients develop type 2 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and refractory ascites.Type 1 HRS is an acute and rapidly progressive renal failure that occurs in the setting of a precipitating event, commonly an infection. Patients with type 1 HRS also present with rapid deterioration of liver function (encephalopathy, jaundice) and relative adrenal insufficiency. The mechanism of this multiorgan failure is an acute deterioration in circulatory function due to both an accentuation of arterial vasodilation and of cardiac dysfunction.There is no specific test for the diagnosis of HRS. The most accepted diagnostic criteria are those proposed by the International Ascites Club which are based on the exclusion of other types of renal failure. The course of renal failure following treatment of the precipitating event of HRS is another important diagnostic feature.The treatment of choice of tense ascites in cirrhosis is paracentesis associated with intravenous albumin infusion. Moderate sodium restriction and diuretics (spironolactone alone or associated with furosemide) are subsequently given to prevent re-accumulation of ascites. Diuretics are the treatment of choice in patients with moderate ascites. Patients with type 2 HRS and refractory ascites (not responding to diuretics) could be treated by frequent paracentesis or by the insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Terlipressin plus albumin is the treatment of choice in type 1 HRS
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Book chapters on the topic "Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)"

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Mullender, Claire, and James Whitehorn. "A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Dengue." In Revolutionizing Tropical Medicine, 181–90. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119282686.ch10.

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Houlihan, Catherine, and Colin Brown. "A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Ebola Virus Disease." In Revolutionizing Tropical Medicine, 202–12. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119282686.ch12.

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Mabey, David, and Rosanna Peeling. "The Optimal Features of a Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnostic Test." In Revolutionizing Tropical Medicine, 81–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119282686.ch3.

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Baker, David A., Deborah Pavan-Langston, Bernard Gonik, Peter O. Milch, Edmund C. Dunkel, Albert Berkowitz, Mary Beth Woodin, et al. "Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of the Du Pont HERPCHEKTM HSV Elisa, a New Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Direct Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus." In Rapid Methods in Clinical Microbiology, 71–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0601-6_6.

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Cunha, Cheston B., and Burke A. Cunha. "The Gram Stain Revisited: The Original Rapid Diagnostic Test: Role in Antibiotic Selection and Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASPs)." In Bench to Bedside, 59–70. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2017. |: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315156460-4.

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Romano, Amalia. "Mucopolysaccharide Degrading Enzymes (MPDE) in the Tear Fluid: A New Diagnostic Test For Rapid Detection of Acute Ocular Infections." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 351–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2417-5_60.

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Kumar Vashist, Sandeep, Subramanian Murugan, and Guiffo Djoko. "In Vitro Diagnostics for COVID-19: State-of-the-Art, Future Directions and Role in Pandemic Response." In Biotechnology to Combat COVID-19 [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97775.

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There have been tremendous advances in in vitro diagnostics (IVD) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the confirmatory clinical diagnosis is made by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based viral antigen (Ag) detection is used for mass population screening at point-of-care (POC) settings. The rapid RT-PCR tests (such as from Cepheid and Bosch) have an assay duration of less than 40 min, while most rapid Ag tests (such as Abbott’s BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag card) have an assay duration of about 15 min. Of interest is the POC molecular test (ID NOW™) from Abbott that takes less than13 min. Similarly, many immunoassays (IAs), i.e., automated chemiluminescent IA (CLIA), manual ELISA, and LFIA, have been developed to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced in subjects after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Many IVD tests have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under emergency use authorization (EUA), and almost all IVD tests are Conformité Européenne (CE) certified.
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Pereira, Paulo. "Evaluation of Rapid Diagnostic Test Performance." In Proof and Concepts in Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Technologies. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64179.

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Michael Egbuche, Chukwudi. "Prompt and Accurate Diagnosis, A Veritable Tool in Malaria Elimination Efforts." In Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Malaria Elimination. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96582.

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The concept of malaria elimination is to get rid of local transmission of malaria parasites in a defined geographical area. Among the measures required for malaria elimination is prompt and accurate diagnosis. Malaria diagnostic tools currently in use: clinical diagnosis, Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (mRDT) and molecular diagnosis, have limitations. Clinical diagnosis can be used as first step in making prompt malaria diagnosis, but cannot confirm cases. Malaria RDTs satisfies the need for prompt diagnosis but has low accuracy in confirming cases. Accuracy of microscopy depends on making good blood films, and accurate film interpretation. Molecular diagnosis required for species-specific diagnosis of malaria parasites, and determination of genes that confers drug resistance to Plasmodium species is not available for routine use. As part of elimination efforts, there is development of mRDT kits that utilize urine or saliva instead of blood specimen, microscopy digital image recognition and different technologies for molecular diagnosis. So far, none of these diagnostic tools has satisfied the need for prompt and accurate diagnosis. It is therefore recommended that more than one diagnostic tool is needed for malaria elimination to be achieved in a given area. This will ensure early detection and treatment of cases, as well as prevent the re-establishment of transmission.
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Juanes-Velasco, Pablo, Javier Carabias-Sanchez, Rodrigo Garcia-Valiente, Jonatan Fernandez-García, Rafael Gongora, Maria Gonzalez-Gonzalez, and Manuel Fuentes. "Microarrays as Platform for Multiplex Assays in Biomarker and Drug Discovery." In Rapid Test - Advances in Design, Format and Diagnostic Applications. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75614.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)"

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Ramona, Stoicescu, Stoicescu Razvan-Alexandru, Codrin Gheorghe, and Schroder Verginica. "LABORATORY METHODS AND PREVALENCE OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTIONS IN THE 2ND SEMESTER OF 2021 IN THE EMERGENCY CLINICAL COUNTY HOSPITAL OF CONSTANTA." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/11.

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"Diagnosing infections with SARS-CoV-2 is still of great interest due to the health and economic impact of COVID pandemic. The 4th wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected and is considered to be stronger and faster due to the dominance of Delta variant which is highly contagious [1]. SARS-CoV-2 also known as 2019-nCoV is one of the three coronaviruses (together with SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV1/Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV /Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) which can cause severe respiratory tract infections in humans [2]. Early diagnosis in COVID 19 infection is the key for preventing infection transmission in collectivity and proper medical care for the ill patients. Gold standard for diagnosing SARS-Co-V-2 infection according to WHO recommendation is using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)/ reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The search is on to develop reliable but less expensive and faster diagnostic tests that detect antigens specific for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antigen-detection diagnostic tests are designed to directly detect SARSCoV-2 proteins produced by replicating virus in respiratory secretions so-called rapid diagnostic tests, or RDTs. The diagnostic development landscape is dynamic, with nearly a hundred companies developing or manufacturing rapid tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection [3]. In the last 3 months our hospital introduced the antigen test or Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) which detects the presence of viral proteins (antigens) expressed by the COVID-19 virus in a sample from the respiratory tract of a person. All RDT were confirmed next day with a RT-PCR. The number of positive cases detected during 3 months in our laboratory was 425. There were 326 positive tests in April, 106 positive tests in May and 7 positive tests in June. Compared with the number of positive tests in the 1st semester of 2021, the positive tests have significantly declined."
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Liu, Zihou, Xiao Yan, Bixiong Huang, Gengjiong Wang, and Zhongcai Liu. "Design of Rapid Battery Pre-test Diagnostic Process." In the 2019 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3366194.3366255.

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Sarda, Devesh, Chunjong Park, Hung Ngo, Shwetak Patel, and Alex Mariakakis. "RDTCheck: A Smartphone App for Monitoring Rapid Diagnostic Test Administration." In CHI '21: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451821.

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Artamonov, E., D. Vasilyev, and V. Voronin. "Rapid diagnostic test of metal turning by cutting using vibration parameters analysis." In THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL INSTRUMENTATION AND ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0032239.

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Khor, Kang Nan, and Mukhzeer Mohamad Shahimin. "Design of integrated optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer biosensor for ideal surveillance rapid diagnostic test." In 2014 IEEE Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecbes.2014.7047652.

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Chikumi, Hiroki, Miyako Takata, Keiji Matsunami, Shingo Matsumoto, Masahiro Kotani, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Hirokazu Touge, et al. "Abstract LB-88: A new rapid diagnostic test to identify epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small cell lung cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-lb-88.

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Cousins, Emma, Emma Harding-Esch, Christine S.-L. Chow, Laura T. Phillips, Cathrine Hall, Nick Cooper, Sebastian S. Fuller, et al. "O10.2 A performance evaluation of the atlas genetics ltd io® system: a novel and rapid point-of-care in vitro diagnostic test forchlamydia trachomatis." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.56.

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Butler, Steven W., Krishna R. Pattipati, Allan Volponi, Jon Hull, Ravi Rajamani, and Jason Siegel. "An Assessment Methodology for Data-Driven and Model-Based Techniques for Engine Health Monitoring." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-91096.

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In this paper, we will discuss the performance, evaluation, and optimization of pattern recognition techniques for applications in system diagnostics. One reason for measuring performance of a diagnostic technique is to clearly quantify it. Another is to compare its performance with that of competing designs. We discuss traditional dichotomous performance measures as well as extensions of these methods to handle multiple classes. We describe a MATLAB toolbox that we have designed to aid developers in rapid testing and optimization. The tool allows the user to select test features, design tests, determine optimal decision thresholds and improve diagnostic performance. The toolbox is demonstrated using modeled engine data. For illustrative purposes, the performances of Partial Least Squares, Principle Component Analysis, Support Vector Machine, and Probabilistic Neural Network data-driven classifiers are compared to that of a model-based classifier developed for a particular engine using modeled data.
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Winterstrom, Adam, Kevin Meehan, Ralph Sanchez, and Rich Ackerman. "Defect Isolation Tools Accelerate the Failure Analysis Process." In ISTFA 2013. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2013p0049.

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Abstract This paper presents case studies that highlight the use of novel scan technologies and techniques to quickly test, diagnose, localize, and isolate the root cause of the defects, demonstrating that the solution meets the rapid and constant changing demands of industry. Cases include a device that has seemingly passed the functional test, but not the scan test with emission; a device with emission requiring resolution to its location; and a device having a timing issue that does not have emission. All case studies concluded with successful completion of finding the root cause of the defect. The diagnosis time for each of the three devices was within a period of one to three days per device. The confirmation stage of the defect is the longest lead time of the diagnostic process.
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Loboda, Igor, Sergey Yepifanov, and Yakov Feldshteyn. "An Integrated Approach to Gas Turbine Monitoring and Diagnostics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51449.

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This paper presents an investigation of a conventional gas turbine diagnostic process and its generalization. A usual sequence of diagnostic actions consists of two stages: monitoring (fault detection) and subsequent proper diagnosis (fault identification). Such an approach neither implies fault identification nor uses the information about incipient faults unless the engine is recognized as faulty. In previous investigations for engine steady state operation conditions we addressed diagnostics problems without their relation with the monitoring process. Fault classes were given by samples of patterns generated by a static gas turbine performance model. This fault simulation took into account faults of varying severity including incipient ones. A diagnostic algorithm employed artificial neural networks to identify an actual fault. In the present paper we consider the monitoring and diagnosis as joint processes extending our previous approach over both of them. It is proposed to form two classes for the monitoring using the above-mentioned classes constructed for the diagnosis. A two-shaft industrial gas turbine has been chosen to test the proposed integrated approach to monitoring and diagnosis. A general recommendation following from the presented investigation is to identify faults simultaneously with fault detection. This permits accumulating preliminary diagnoses before the engine faulty condition is detected and a rapid final diagnosis after the fault detection.
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Reports on the topic "Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)"

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Mackey, Katherine, Irina Arkhipova-Jenkins, Charlotte Armstrong, Emily Gean, Johanna Anderson, Robin A. Paynter, and Mark Helfand. Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Rapid Living Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccovidimmunity.

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 Evidence suggests that the majority of adults develop detectable levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies following infection with SARS-CoV-2 (moderate strength of evidence* [SoE]).  IgM levels peak approximately 20 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and subsequently decline. IgG levels peak approximately 25 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and may remain detectable for at least 120 days (moderate SoE*).  Almost all adults develop neutralizing antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these antibodies may remain detectable for at least 152 days (low SoE*).  A small percentage of people do not develop antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection for reasons that are largely unclear but may be related to less severe disease or absence of symptoms.  Antibody prevalence does not appear to vary by age or sex, but older age may be associated with higher antibody levels (low SoE*). Non-White race may be associated with higher antibody prevalence and levels (low SoE*). COVID-19 severity and presence of symptoms may also be associated with higher antibody prevalence or levels (low SoE*). More evidence is needed to draw stronger conclusions regarding how the antibody response varies by patient characteristics and disease factors.  Studies to date have not established the relationship between the development of antibodies after RT-PCR-diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of reinfection. Studies based on index serologic testing suggest that the presence of antibodies is associated with a lower risk of a subsequent positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test.
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