Journal articles: 'Rapid molecular diagnostics'

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Schito, Marco L., M. Patricia D’Souza, S. Michele Owen, and Michael P. Busch. "Challenges for Rapid Molecular HIV Diagnostics." Journal of Infectious Diseases 201, s1 (April 15, 2010): S1—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650394.

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Braziel, Rita M., Margaret A. Shipp, Andrew L. Feldman, Virginia Espina, Mary Winters, Elaine S. Jaffe, Emanuel F. Petricoin, and Lance A. Liotta. "Molecular Diagnostics." Hematology 2003, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2003.1.279.

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Abstract It is increasingly evident that molecular diagnostics, that is, the use of diagnostic testing to understand the molecular mechanisms of an individual patient’s disease, will be pivotal in the delivery of safe and effective therapy for many diseases in the future. A huge body of new information on the genetic, genomic and proteomic profiles of different hematopoietic diseases is accumulating. This chapter focuses on new technologies and advancements in understanding the molecular basis of hematologic disorders, providing an overview of new information and its significance to patient care. In Section I, Dr. Braziel discusses the impact of new genetic information and research technologies on the actual practice of diagnostic molecular hematopathology. Recent and projected changes in methodologies and analytical strategies used by clinical molecular diagnostics laboratories for the evaluation of hematologic disorders will be discussed, and some of the challenges to clinical implementation of new molecular information and techniques will be highlighted. In Section II, Dr. Shipp provides an update on current scientific knowledge in the genomic profiling of malignant lymphomas, and describes some of the technical aspects of gene expression profiling. Analysis methods and the actual and potential clinical and therapeutic applications of information obtained from genomic profiling of malignant lymphomas are discussed. In Section III, Dr. Liotta presents an update on proteomic analysis, a new and very active area of research in hematopoietic malignancies. He describes new technologies for rapid identification of different important proteins and protein networks, and the potential therapeutic and prognostic value of the elucidation of these proteins and protein pathways in the clinical care of patients with malignant lymphomas.

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Schachter, Steven C., Denise R. Dunlap, Wilbur A. Lam, Yukari C. Manabe, Greg S. Martin, and Sally M. McFall. "Future potential of Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx Tech) in molecular diagnostics." Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 21, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2021.1898950.

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Dicks, Kristen V., and Jason E. Stout. "Molecular Diagnostics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection." Annual Review of Medicine 70, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-040717-051502.

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Resistance to antimycobacterial drugs is a major barrier to effective treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Molecular diagnostic techniques based on the association between specific gene mutations and phenotypic resistance to certain drugs offer the opportunity to rapidly ascertain whether drug resistance is present and to alter treatment before further resistance develops. Current barriers to successful implementation of rapid diagnostics include imperfect knowledge regarding the full spectrum of mutations associated with resistance, limited utilization of molecular diagnostics where they are most needed, and the requirement for specialized laboratory facilities to perform molecular testing. Further understanding of genotypic–phenotypic correlates of resistance and streamlined implementation platforms will be necessary to optimize the public health impact of molecular resistance testing for M. tuberculosis.

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Ryzhkova, Olga Sergeyevna. "Rapid tests in the diagnostics of sexually transmitted infections." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 64, no. 1 (January 15, 2015): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd64134-43.

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High prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their substantial adverse effect on reproductive health of people necessitate the development of accurate and rapid tests for their diagnostics, in particular those that can be used at point-of-care (POC). The majority of current immunological POC-tests have high specificity; however, their sensitivity is mainly suboptimal. The future of POC-diagnostics of STIs - highly sensitive and specific, robust and affordable - is seen in the development and implementation of molecular diagnostic technologies (amplification, microfluidic, biosensor).

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Lee, Youngseop, Byoung-Hoon Kang, Minhee Kang, Doo Ryeon Chung, Gwan-Su Yi, Luke P. Lee, and Ki-Hun Jeong. "Nanoplasmonic On-Chip PCR for Rapid Precision Molecular Diagnostics." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 11 (February 26, 2020): 12533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b23591.

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Gonzalez, David, Brian A. Walker, and Gareth J. Morgan. "Ultra-Rapid, High-Throughput Molecular Diagnostics in Hemato-Oncology." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3270.3270.

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Abstract The clinical relevance of molecular genetic analyses in haematological malignancies is now becoming more clearly defined. Useful strategies involve the finding of mutations, differential gene expression profiles, translocations, deletions or amplifications and, more recently, epigenetic changes. Genetic abnormalities and/or gene signatures can be used to characterise a particular disease state, helping in the differential diagnosis of similar entities or, within the same malignancy genetic markers can help discriminating between subgroups with different clinical outcome. Disease-specific and/or patient-specific genetic markers can be used to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) by real-time PCR. Unfortunately, it has been difficult so far to translate research into the clinic and set up simple, rapid and reliable tests that can be used routinely in the lab to identify and monitor these genetic abnormalities/markers in haematological patients; the main drawbacks being the labour-intensive, time-consuming nature of these methods. The new generation of ultra-fast, high-throughput automated genetic analysers and DNA/RNA extraction systems allow such analyses to be carried out on a routine basis. Routine PCRs can be performed in as little time as 20 minutes, while sequencing reactions, Real-Time PCR and high-resolution fluorescent electrophoresis can be performed in less than 1 hour. Thus, reducing significantly the processing time, increasing the cost-efficiency, and allowing urgent results to be reported on the same day. We have adapted our standard protocols for clonality detection (IGH/IGK/TCRG/TCRB), mutation analysis (IGH/IGK/IL-10/IL-6/MMSET/XBP1/FLT3), gene expression (MMSET/FGFR3/ CCND1/CCND2/CCND3/MAF/ABL/GUS/GAPDH/ACTIN)and MRD monitoring (t(9;22), t(15/17), t(12:21), t(8:21), t(1;19), inv(16;16)) to the ultra-fast, high-throughput methods without extensive further optimisation, and without loss of sensitivity or specificity. Time comparison is summarised in Table 1. In summary, with the new available generation of genetic analysers, haematology laboratories can now provide a fast and reliable diagnostic service, and rapidly incorporate new research results into molecular diagnostics. Although this technology might not be accessible to smaller labs, it should be incorporated into reference labs to improve the management of haematological patients. Table 1. Comparison of the time required to perform common molecular diagnostic analyses between the standard and fast protocols. Time (in hours) with Standard Protocols Time (in hours) with Fast Protocols Clonality Gene XP/MRD Sequencing Clonality Gene XP/MRD Sequencing *Time to process 96 samples. XP: expression; MRD: minimal residual disease; N/A: Not Available DNA/RNAextraction 0.5 - 5* 0.5 - 5* 0.5 - 5* 0.5* 0.5* 0.5* cDNA synthesis N/A 1 N/A N/A 1 N/A PCR 2.5 N/A 2.5 0.3 N/A 0.3 Real-timePCR N/A 3.5 N/A N/A 0.8 N/A SequencingReaction N/A N/A 2.5 0.8 N/A 0.8 Electrophoresis O/N N/A 3.5 0.5 N/A 0.5 TOTAL TIME 2 Days 5h to 2 Days 2 Days 2.5h 2.5h 2.5h

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Messacar, Kevin, Sarah K. Parker, James K. Todd, and Samuel R. Dominguez. "Implementation of Rapid Molecular Infectious Disease Diagnostics: the Role of Diagnostic and Antimicrobial Stewardship." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 3 (December 28, 2016): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02264-16.

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ABSTRACT New rapid molecular diagnostic technologies for infectious diseases enable expedited accurate microbiological diagnoses. However, diagnostic stewardship and antimicrobial stewardship are necessary to ensure that these technologies conserve, rather than consume, additional health care resources and optimally affect patient care. Diagnostic stewardship is needed to implement appropriate tests for the clinical setting and to direct testing toward appropriate patients. Antimicrobial stewardship is needed to ensure prompt appropriate clinical action to translate faster diagnostic test results in the laboratory into improved outcomes at the bedside. This minireview outlines the roles of diagnostic stewardship and antimicrobial stewardship in the implementation of rapid molecular infectious disease diagnostics.

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Sykes, Emma. "Tackling antimicrobial resistance through rapid diagnostics." Biochemist 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio04001042.

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Volk, Alexander E., and Christian Kubisch. "The rapid evolution of molecular genetic diagnostics in neuromuscular diseases." Current Opinion in Neurology 30, no. 5 (October 2017): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000478.

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Ramachandran, Rajeswari, and M. Muniyandi. "Rapid molecular diagnostics for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in India." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 16, no. 3 (February 12, 2018): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2018.1438262.

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Volkov, A. N., L. V. Nacheva, and Yu V. Zakharova. "Molecular genetic techniques in current biomedical research. Part II: PCR applications in diagnostics of human infectious diseases." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-1-77-85.

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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostics is currently established as a gold standard for the detection of microorganisms. The features of PCR include rapid amplification of DNA and RNA as well as high sensitivity and specificity. In contrast to diagnostic microbiology, PCR diagnostics does not require preliminary culture of the microorganisms for their identification, reducing both time and costs of the diagnostic procedure. The lecture discusses the molecular basis behind the modern technical solutions for the PCR diagnostics of human infectious diseases including multiplex and reverse transcription PCR. We describe the principles of qualitative and quantitative PCR-based detection of pathogens in biological samples and provide the examples of PCR application for solving specific diagnostic scenarios. The lecture is primarily designed for students of biomedical specialties and healthcare professionals using molecular genetic techniques in their practice.

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Tang, Yi-Wei, Gary W. Procop, and David H. Persing. "Molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases." Clinical Chemistry 43, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 2021–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.11.2021.

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Abstract Over the past several years, the development and application of molecular diagnostic techniques has initiated a revolution in the diagnosis and monitoring of infectious diseases. Microbial phenotypic characteristics, such as protein, bacteriophage, and chromatographic profiles, as well as biotyping and susceptibility testing, are used in most routine laboratories for identification and differentiation. Nucleic acid techniques, such as plasmid profiling, various methods for generating restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are making increasing inroads into clinical laboratories. PCR-based systems to detect the etiologic agents of disease directly from clinical samples, without the need for culture, have been useful in rapid detection of unculturable or fastidious microorganisms. Additionally, sequence analysis of amplified microbial DNA allows for identification and better characterization of the pathogen. Subspecies variation, identified by various techniques, has been shown to be important in the prognosis of certain diseases. Other important advances include the determination of viral load and the direct detection of genes or gene mutations responsible for drug resistance. Increased use of automation and user-friendly software makes these technologies more widely available. In all, the detection of infectious agents at the nucleic acid level represents a true synthesis of clinical chemistry and clinical microbiology techniques.

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Agrawal, Megha. "On-Chip PCR Based Plasmonic Microfluidic Platform: Ultrafast Point-of-Care Diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2." Biotechnology Kiosk 3, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37756/bk.21.3.1.1.

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It is critically important to have rapid screening and identification of contagious viral diseases such as the current COVID-19 pandemic that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Rapid and accurate diagnostic is essential for preventing worldwide spread of virus and ensuring in-time care for patients during the fast spread of pandemic diseases. Nanobiotechnology enabled tools have allowed to develop advanced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based diagnostics of contagious viral diseases. To this end, microfluidic on-chip PCR platforms have shown huge promise for highly efficient, rapid and small-volume bioassay for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic applications in mitigating the challenges of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we discuss latest advances in ultrafast, real-time, and on-chip nanoplasmonic PCR for rapid and quantitative molecular diagnostics at POC level.

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Dacic, Sanja. "Molecular Diagnostics of Lung Carcinomas." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0625-rair.1.

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Abstract Context.—The development of targeted therapies in the treatment of lung carcinoma is a rapidly growing area that requires a precise histologic classification of lung carcinomas and the implementation into clinical practice of testing for predictive biomarkers of therapy response. Molecular testing has added another layer of complexity in the routine workup of rather limited diagnostic tumor tissue. Objective.—To review the most important lung carcinoma biomarkers predictive of response and to discuss proposed routine molecular testing in clinical practice. Data Sources.—PubMed (US National Library of Medicine)–available review articles, peer-reviewed original articles, and experience of the author. Conclusions.—Histologic profile, clinical characteristics, and mutational profile of lung carcinoma have all been reported as predictive factors of response to epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and other targeted therapies. Recently published results of large clinical trials indicate that mutational profiling, particularly identification of activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, is the best predictor for EGFR-TKI response. Despite all these observations, molecular profiling of lung carcinomas has not been standardized or validated in clinical practice. Rapid development of targeted therapies will probably require molecular testing for a panel of mutations to identify molecular subtypes of non–small cell lung carcinomas that will benefit from new therapeutic approaches in personalized patient care.

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Linnes, Jacqueline C., Andy Fan, Natalia M. Rodriguez, Bertrand Lemieux, Huimin Kong, and Catherine M. Klapperich. "Paper-based molecular diagnostic for Chlamydia trachomatis." RSC Adv. 4, no. 80 (2014): 42245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra07911f.

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Janku, Filip, Bart Claes, Helen J. Huang, Gerald S. Falchook, Benoit Devogelaere, Mark Kockx, Isabelle Vanden Bempt, et al. "BRAF mutation testing with a rapid, fully integrated molecular diagnostics system." Oncotarget 6, no. 29 (July 27, 2015): 26886–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4723.

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Kautto, Esko A., Charles Thomas Gregory, Caner Saygin, Shelley Orwick, and James S. Blachly. "Rapid Molecular Diagnostics for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Single-Molecule Sequencing." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131366.

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Introduction: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease, associated with mutations in a well-established set of genes that affect myeloid cell differentiation and proliferation. While treatment options were limited for many decades, many new pharmacological treatments in the form of small molecule inhibitors have been developed in recent years. In order to be effective, many of these inhibitors require the presence of specific biomarkers that must be detected with appropriate genetic screening assays. Genetic studies may also inform conventional care plans. The cost and time of genetic testing can be limiting factor, delaying the start of treatment and often requiring referral to larger regional medical center. Such delays can result in increased morbidities and mortality in this patient population, making faster and more accessible genetic testing highly relevant. Methods: We have developed a rapid single-molecule sequencing-based assay which requires minimal laboratory equipment, while providing same-day results. We utilized amplification-based library preparation to generate sequencing libraries for the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION instrument. We have combined rapid library preparation, real-time single-molecule sequencing, and novel computational analysis algorithms to rapidly screen patient blood samples for the presence of actionable biomarkers. In this study, we analyzed samples from 48 AML patients with known mutational statuses to evaluate the performance of our approach. For our proof of principle assay, we included seven molecular targets (six hotspot mutations; one duplication) in five AML-associated genes (DNMT3A, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, and JAK2). We compared the accuracy of our assay to current gold standard approaches which include Illumina-based short-read sequencing and capillary electrophoresis. Results and Discussion: Our assay exhibited equal or superior accuracy compared to the current gold standard approaches, while providing results significantly faster (in less than 6 hours). Each of the 48 samples were correctly classified by mutational status, with the detected variant allele frequency exhibiting high correlation (R2 for mutational hotspots ranging from a low of 0.84 to a high of 0.99) between our Nanopore-based assay and the control Illumina-based assay. Our custom FLT3-ITD detection algorithm correctly identified 24/24 samples as ITD positive, with insertion lengths matching expected peak lengths from capillary electropherogram testing and highly concordant allelic ratios. In contrast, an assay using Illumina sequencing data correctly detected only 6/24 ITD positive samples. Therefore, we conclude that our assay provides superior variant detection accuracy, significantly shorter time to results (4-6 hours instead of days), and at an expected cost of below $250/sample when utilizing single-sample Flongle flow cells. Critically, this procedure is accessible beyond tertiary care academic medical centers and could be deployed at the point-of-care in smaller hospitals, physician offices, and resource-constrained settings worldwide. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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CIMOLAI, NEVIO, COLLEEN TROMBLEY, and DONNA O??NEILL. "Diagnosis of whooping cough: A new era with rapid molecular diagnostics." Pediatric Emergency Care 12, no. 2 (April 1996): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199604000-00006.

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Vos, Laura M., Andrea H. L. Bruning, Johannes B. Reitsma, Rob Schuurman, Annelies Riezebos-Brilman, Andy I. M. Hoepelman, and Jan Jelrik Oosterheert. "Rapid Molecular Tests for Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Other Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Impact Studies." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 7 (January 28, 2019): 1243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz056.

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Abstract We systematically reviewed available evidence from Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library on diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of commercially available rapid (results <3 hours) molecular diagnostics for respiratory viruses as compared to conventional molecular tests. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria for diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment and Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions criteria for randomized and observational impact studies, respectively. Sixty-three DTA reports (56 studies) were meta-analyzed with a pooled sensitivity of 90.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.7%–93.1%) and specificity of 96.1% (95% CI, 94.2%–97.9%) for the detection of either influenza virus (n = 29), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n = 1), influenza virus and RSV (n = 19), or a viral panel including influenza virus and RSV (n = 14). The 15 included impact studies (5 randomized) were very heterogeneous and results were therefore inconclusive. However, we suggest that implementation of rapid diagnostics in hospital care settings should be considered.

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Surrette, Christine, David Shoudy, Alex Corwin, Wei Gao, Maria I. Zavodszky, Stanislav L. Karsten, Todd Miller, et al. "Microfluidic Tissue Mesodissection in Molecular Cancer Diagnostics." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 22, no. 4 (November 19, 2016): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2211068216680208.

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We present a mesodissection platform that retains the advantages of laser-based dissection instrumentation with the speed and ease of manual dissection. Tissue dissection in clinical laboratories is often performed by manually scraping a physician-selected region from standard glass slide mounts. In this manner, costs associated with dissection remain low, but spatial resolution is compromised. In contrast, laser microdissection methods maintain spatial resolution that matches the requirements for analysis of important tissue heterogeneity but remains costly and labor intensive. We demonstrate a microfluidic tool for rapid extraction of histological regions of interest from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, which uses a simple and automated method that is compatible with most downstream enzymatic reactions, including protocols used for next-generation DNA sequencing.

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Lee, So-Young, Jae-Cheong Lim, Eun-Ha Cho, Seung-Kon Lee, and Sung-Hee Jung. "Ultrasound-enhanced scintillation proximity assay for rapid diagnostics." Analytical Biochemistry 570 (April 2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.011.

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Scholes, D., K. Riddell, J. Saint-Johnson, P. Rogers, V. Tchesnokova, and E. Sokurenko. "PS1-36: Developing Rapid Molecular E.coli Clonal Diagnostics for Community Laboratory Settings." Clinical Medicine & Research 12, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2014): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2014.1250.ps1-36.

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Koehne, Jessica E., Hua Chen, Alan M. Cassell, Qi Ye, Jie Han, Meyya Meyyappan, and Jun Li. "Miniaturized Multiplex Label-Free Electronic Chip for Rapid Nucleic Acid Analysis Based on Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Arrays." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.036285.

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Abstract Background: Reducing cost and time is the major concern in clinical diagnostics, particularly in molecular diagnostics. Miniaturization technologies have been recognized as promising solutions to provide low-cost microchips for diagnostics. With the recent advancement in nanotechnologies, it is possible to further improve detection sensitivity and simplify sample preparation by incorporating nanoscale elements in diagnostics devices. A fusion of micro- and nanotechnologies with biology has great potential for the development of low-cost disposable chips for rapid molecular analysis that can be carried out with simple handheld devices. Approach: Vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are fabricated on predeposited microelectrode pads and encapsulated in SiO2 dielectrics with only the very end exposed at the surface to form an inlaid nanoelectrode array (NEA). The NEA is used to collect the electrochemical signal associated with the target molecules binding to the probe molecules, which are covalently attached to the end of the MWNTs. Content: A 3 × 3 microelectrode array is presented to demonstrate the miniaturization and multiplexing capability. A randomly distributed MWNT NEA is fabricated on each microelectrode pad. Selective functionalization of the MWNT end with a specific oligonucleotide probe and passivation of the SiO2 surface with ethylene glycol moieties are discussed. Ru(bpy)2+-mediator-amplified guanine oxidation is used to directly measure the electrochemical signal associated with target molecules. Summary: The discussed MWNT NEAs have ultrahigh sensitivity in direct electrochemical detection of guanine bases in the nucleic acid target. Fewer than ∼1000 target nucleic acid molecules can be measured with a single microelectrode pad of ∼20 × 20 μm2, which approaches the detection limit of laser scanners in fluorescence-based DNA microarray techniques. MWNT NEAs can be easily integrated with microelectronic circuitry and microfluidics for development of a fully automated system for rapid molecular analysis with minimum cost.

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Lindeman, Neal. "Molecular Diagnostics of Lung Cancers at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute: Technology in Rapid Evolution." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 1198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0277-ra.

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The past 9 years have seen a remarkable shift in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to lung carcinomas, beginning with the discovery of EGFR mutations and their role in directing management with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This special review recounts the experiences at one molecular diagnostic testing center, the Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, from the initial research observations in 2003 to the development of multigene next-generation sequencing in 2012. Throughout this time, the activities in the molecular diagnostics laboratory have been in a state of rapid flux, responding to changes in clinical needs and scientific discoveries.

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OLCHAWA, ANNA, BEATA KRAWCZYK, and ANNA BRILLOWSKA-DĄBROWSKA. "New PCR Test for Detection of Candida glabrata Based on the Molecular Target Chosen by the RAPD Technique." Polish Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 1 (2013): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2013-011.

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Rapid, reliable diagnosis is a necessary condition for the successful treatment of infections. Such diagnostic assays are continually being developed. The paper presents a method for selecting the molecular target for PCR-based diagnostics based on the comparison of RAPD patterns. A sequence encoding Candida glabrata CBS138 hypothetical protein was selected. The limit of detection for PCR and real-time PCR reactions with DNA extracted from blood samples spiked with Candida glabrata was estimated at 1 CFU/ml. The application of the assays developed in this study would thus seem to be promising as a complementary method in the diagnostics of C. glabrata infections.

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Gleeson, D., P. Holder, R. Newcomb, R. Howitt, and J. Dugdale. "Molecular phylogenetics of leafrollers application to DNA diagnostics." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3627.

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Accurate and rapid diagnosis of taxa whether they be welldefined species or biotypes is of crucial importance to quarantine pest management and research Recent developments in DNA technology has resulted in a range of molecular techniques being available for use in such applications We have employed a phylogenetically focussed approach in the development of a diagnostic key to distinguish a range of leafroller species (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) using DNA sequence data derived from a 23 kb region of the mitochondrial genome containing the genes cytochrome oxidase I and II Phylogenetic analysis has revealed clear relationships between taxa although the genus Apoctena does not appear monophyletic The most appropriate diagnostic characters are either those which are phylogenetically informative either synapomorphies or autapomorphies A standardised approach to data collection is advocated for future studies

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Huang, Helen J., Benoit Devogelaere, Gerald Steven Falchook, Siqing Fu, Laura S. Angelo, David S. Hong, Sarina Anne Piha-Paul, et al. "BRAF mutation testing with a novel, rapid, fully automated molecular diagnostics prototype platform." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 11086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.11086.

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11086 Background: Mutations in the BRAF gene provide actionable targets for cancer therapy in melanoma and other tumor types. Novel, fast, and accurate diagnostic systems are needed for further implementation of personalized therapy. Methods: The molecular diagnostics (MDx) prototype platform (Biocartis, Mechelen, Belgium) is a fully integrated real-time PCR-based system with high sensitivity (1% mutant in wild-type [wt] background) and fast turnaround time (< 90 minutes), which requires no sample preparation and <2 min hands-on time. Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples (1 to 5 shavings of 10 µm) from patients (pts) with advanced cancers previously tested for V600 BRAF mutations in a CLIA-certified Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory (PCR-based sequencing or Sequenom MassARRAY) were tested for BRAF V600 mutations using the MDx prototype platform. Concordance between methods and treatment outcomes with BRAF/MEK inhibitors were analyzed. Results: Forty-seven pts (melanoma, n=26; colorectal, n=8; papillary thyroid, n=3; other cancers, n=10) with available tissue and CLIA laboratory BRAF results were selected (BRAF V600 mutant, n=37; BRAF V600 wt, n=10). Of the 40 pts for whom the same tissue block was used for MDx and CLIA, BRAF status was concordant in 38 (95%; kappa 0.87; 95% CI 0.69-1.05) of them. BRAF status by MDx was discordant with CLIA in 3 of 47 cases (mutant by CLIA, but not MDx); one discrepant case contained a different mutation subtype (resp. V600E vs. V600K/R), and in another case different tissue blocks were used for MDx vs. CLIA testing. Of 34 pts with BRAF mutations detected by MDx, 28 were treated on protocols (on the basis of the CLIA results) with BRAF/MEK inhibitors and 8 (29%) had a partial (n=7) or complete response (n=1). Of interest, 1 pt with prostate cancer (V600E by CLIA, wt by MDx) received a BRAF/MEK inhibitor and did not respond. Detailed patient characteristics, mutation types and discrepancy analysis will be presented. Conclusions: The BRAF V600 mutation MDx prototype assay is a fast (turn-around time about 1.5 hours) and simple (<2 minutes hands-on time) test to determine BRAF mutation status with 95% concordance with CLIA laboratory if identical tissue blocks are used.

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Azar, Marwan M., and Chadi A. Hage. "Laboratory Diagnostics for Histoplasmosis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 6 (March 8, 2017): 1612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02430-16.

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ABSTRACTThe diagnosis of histoplasmosis is based on a multifaceted approach that includes clinical, radiographic, and laboratory evidence of disease. The gold standards for laboratory diagnosis include demonstration of yeast on pathological examination of tissue and isolation of the mold in the culture of clinical specimens; however, antigen detection has provided a rapid, noninvasive, and highly sensitive method for diagnosis and is a useful marker of treatment response. Molecular methods with improved sensitivity on clinical specimens are being developed but are not yet ready for widespread clinical use. This review synthesizes currently available laboratory diagnostics for histoplasmosis, with an emphasis on complexities of testing and performance in various clinical contexts.

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Hadidi, Ahmed. "Next-Generation Sequencing and CRISPR/Cas13 Editing in Viroid Research and Molecular Diagnostics." Viruses 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11020120.

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Viroid discovery as well as the economic significance of viroids and biological properties are presented. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies combined with informatics have been applied to viroid research and diagnostics for almost a decade. NGS provides highly efficient, rapid, low-cost high-throughput sequencing of viroid genomes and of the 21–24 nt vd-sRNAs generated by the RNA silencing defense of the host. NGS has been utilized in various viroid studies which are presented. The discovery during the last few years that prokaryotes have heritable adaptive immunity mediated through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated Cas proteins, have led to transformative advances in molecular biology, notably genome engineering and most recently molecular diagnostics. The potential application of the CRISPR-Cas13a system for engineering viroid interference in plants is suggested by targeting specific motifs of three economically important viroids. The CRISPR-Cas13 system has been utilized recently for the accurate detection of human RNA viruses by visual read out in 90 min or less and by paper-based assay. Multitarget RNA tests by this technology have a good potential for application as a rapid and accurate diagnostic assay for known viroids. The CRISPR/Cas system will work only for known viroids in contrast to NGS, but it should be much faster.

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Lindström, Miia, and Hannu Korkeala. "Laboratory Diagnostics of Botulism." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 19, no. 2 (April 2006): 298–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.19.2.298-314.2006.

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SUMMARY Botulism is a potentially lethal paralytic disease caused by botulinum neurotoxin. Human pathogenic neurotoxins of types A, B, E, and F are produced by a diverse group of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, including Clostridium botulinum groups I and II, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium baratii. The routine laboratory diagnostics of botulism is based on the detection of botulinum neurotoxin in the patient. Detection of toxin-producing clostridia in the patient and/or the vehicle confirms the diagnosis. The neurotoxin detection is based on the mouse lethality assay. Sensitive and rapid in vitro assays have been developed, but they have not yet been appropriately validated on clinical and food matrices. Culture methods for C. botulinum are poorly developed, and efficient isolation and identification tools are lacking. Molecular techniques targeted to the neurotoxin genes are ideal for the detection and identification of C. botulinum, but they do not detect biologically active neurotoxin and should not be used alone. Apart from rapid diagnosis, the laboratory diagnostics of botulism should aim at increasing our understanding of the epidemiology and prevention of the disease. Therefore, the toxin-producing organisms should be routinely isolated from the patient and the vehicle. The physiological group and genetic traits of the isolates should be determined.

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Basak, Supriyo, Ramesh Aadi Moolam, Ajay Parida, Sudip Mitra, and Latha Rangan. "Evaluation of rapid molecular diagnostics for differentiating medicinal Kaempferia species from its adulterants." Plant Diversity 41, no. 3 (June 2019): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2019.04.003.

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Afshari, Arash, Jacques Schrenzel, Margareta Ieven, and Stephan Harbarth. "Bench-to-bedside review: Rapid molecular diagnostics for bloodstream infection - a new frontier?" Critical Care 16, no. 3 (2012): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc11202.

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She, Rosemary C., and Jeffrey M. Bender. "Advances in Rapid Molecular Blood Culture Diagnostics: Healthcare Impact, Laboratory Implications, and Multiplex Technologies." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2019): 617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/jalm.2018.027409.

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Abstract Background For far too long, the diagnosis of bloodstream infections has relied on time-consuming blood cultures coupled with traditional organism identification and susceptibility testing. Technologies to define the culprit in bloodstream infections have gained sophistication in recent years, notably by application of molecular methods. Content In this review, we summarize the tests available to clinical laboratories for molecular rapid identification and resistance marker detection in blood culture bottles that have flagged positive. We explore the cost–benefit ratio of such assays, covering aspects that include performance characteristics, effect on patient care, and relevance to antibiotic stewardship initiatives. Summary Rapid blood culture diagnostics represent an advance in the care of patients with bloodstream infections, particularly those infected with resistant organisms. These diagnostics are relatively easy to implement and appear to have a positive cost–benefit balance, particularly when fully incorporated into a hospital's antimicrobial stewardship program.

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Samaranayake, Lakshman, Niraj Kinariwala, and RAPM Perera. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Diagnostics: a Primer." Dental Update 47, no. 9 (October 2, 2020): 761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2020.47.9.761.

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The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), seems to have spared no single community. Rapid and accurate identification of COVID-19 patients are the mainstay for breaking the chain of community infection and controlling the pandemic. There are now a bewildering array of diagnostic tests available to detect COVID-19 at various stages of infection. In this, the fourth article in the COVID-19 Commentary series, we describe the basics of current clinical diagnostics, including molecular and serological testing approaches, and summarize their advantages and limitations.

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Pandey, Shashank, Gaurav Malviya, and Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova. "Role of Peptides in Diagnostics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 8828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168828.

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The specificity of a diagnostic assay depends upon the purity of the biomolecules used as a probe. To get specific and accurate information of a disease, the use of synthetic peptides in diagnostics have increased in the last few decades, because of their high purity profile and ability to get modified chemically. The discovered peptide probes are used either in imaging diagnostics or in non-imaging diagnostics. In non-imaging diagnostics, techniques such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), lateral flow devices (i.e., point-of-care testing), or microarray or LC-MS/MS are used for direct analysis of biofluids. Among all, peptide-based ELISA is considered to be the most preferred technology platform. Similarly, peptides can also be used as probes for imaging techniques, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). The role of radiolabeled peptides, such as somatostatin receptors, interleukin 2 receptor, prostate specific membrane antigen, αβ3 integrin receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide, chemokine receptor 4, and urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, are well established tools for targeted molecular imaging ortumor receptor imaging. Low molecular weight peptides allow a rapid clearance from the blood and result in favorable target-to-non-target ratios. It also displays a good tissue penetration and non-immunogenicity. The only drawback of using peptides is their potential low metabolic stability. In this review article, we have discussed and evaluated the role of peptides in imaging and non-imaging diagnostics. The most popular non-imaging and imaging diagnostic platforms are discussed, categorized, and ranked, as per their scientific contribution on PUBMED. Moreover, the applicability of peptide-based diagnostics in deadly diseases, mainly COVID-19 and cancer, is also discussed in detail.

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James, Ameh, and Joanne Macdonald. "Recombinase polymerase amplification: Emergence as a critical molecular technology for rapid, low-resource diagnostics." Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 15, no. 11 (October 30, 2015): 1475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.2015.1090877.

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Alotaibi, Nawaf M., Virginia Chen, Zsuzsanna Hollander, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Cameron J. Hague, Darra T. Murphy, Mari L. DeMarco, et al. "Phenotyping and outcomes of hospitalized COPD patients using rapid molecular diagnostics on sputum samples." International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Volume 14 (January 2019): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/copd.s188186.

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Yu, Hui, Victor Wei Zhang, Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen, Imelda Celine Hanson, Lisa R. Forbes, M. Teresa de la Morena, Ivan K. Chinn, et al. "Rapid molecular diagnostics of severe primary immunodeficiency determined by using targeted next-generation sequencing." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 138, no. 4 (October 2016): 1142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.035.

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Sage, A. T., B. T. Chao, X. Bai, M. Liu, M. Cypel, and S. Keshavjee. "Integration of Rapid Molecular Diagnostics into Clinical Decision Making during Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 39, no. 4 (April 2020): S112—S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.983.

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Dale, Suzanne E. "The Role of Rapid Antigen Testing for Influenza in the Era of Molecular Diagnostics." Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy 14, no. 4 (August 2010): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03256375.

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Andryukov, Boris G., Natalya N. Besednova, Roman V. Romashko, Tatyana S. Zaporozhets, and Timofey A. Efimov. "Label-Free Biosensors for Laboratory-Based Diagnostics of Infections: Current Achievements and New Trends." Biosensors 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10020011.

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Infections pose a serious global public health problem and are a major cause of premature mortality worldwide. One of the most challenging objectives faced by modern medicine is timely and accurate laboratory-based diagnostics of infectious diseases. Being a key factor of timely initiation and success of treatment, it may potentially provide reduction in incidence of a disease, as well as prevent outbreak and spread of dangerous epidemics. The traditional methods of laboratory-based diagnostics of infectious diseases are quite time- and labor-consuming, require expensive equipment and qualified personnel, which restricts their use in case of limited resources. Over the past six decades, diagnostic technologies based on lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) have been and remain true alternatives to modern laboratory analyzers and have been successfully used to quickly detect molecular ligands in biosubstrates to diagnose many infectious diseases and septic conditions. These devices are considered as simplified formats of modern biosensors. Recent advances in the development of label-free biosensor technologies have made them promising diagnostic tools that combine rapid pathogen indication, simplicity, user-friendliness, operational efficiency, accuracy, and cost effectiveness, with a trend towards creation of portable platforms. These qualities exceed the generally accepted standards of microbiological and immunological diagnostics and open up a broad range of applications of these analytical systems in clinical practice immediately at the site of medical care (point-of-care concept, POC). A great variety of modern nanoarchitectonics of biosensors are based on the use of a broad range of analytical and constructive strategies and identification of various regulatory and functional molecular markers associated with infectious bacterial pathogens. Resolution of the existing biosensing issues will provide rapid development of diagnostic biotechnologies.

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Sidonets, I. V., and A. N. Meshkov. "GENETICS FOR DIAGNOSTICS IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 13, no. 4 (August 20, 2014): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2014-4-75-80.

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The sequencing of first human genome followed by rapid development of technologies, that led to significant lowering of costs for genetic analyze and its fast performing, made possible a broad invention of genetic diagnostics methods into clinical practice. Contemporary methods of molecular genetics make possible to research on inherited factors on chromosome level with molecular cytogenetics methods, and on the level of local mutations with the use or polymeraze chain reaction, microchips and sequencing. Temps of the next generation sequencing methods provide the opportunity to predict soon inclusion in practice of the personalized medical analysis of large genetic data massive, that can be used for the disease outcome prediction, estimation of its course, and for the prescription and correction of pharmacotherapy. In this review, different (including novel) approaches to genetic diagnostics are explored for the rare as common diseases, their benefits and restrictions.

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Brown, Noah A., and Kojo S. J. Elenitoba-Johnson. "Enabling Precision Oncology Through Precision Diagnostics." Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease 15, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012735.

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Genomic testing enables clinical management to be tailored to individual cancer patients based on the molecular alterations present within cancer cells. Genomic sequencing results can be applied to detect and classify cancer, predict prognosis, and target therapies. Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the field of cancer genomics by enabling rapid and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. With this technology, precision oncology is quickly becoming a realized paradigm for managing the treatment of cancer patients. However, many challenges must be overcome to efficiently implement the transition of next-generation sequencing from research applications to routine clinical practice, including using specimens commonly available in the clinical setting; determining how to process, store, and manage large amounts of sequencing data; determining how to interpret and prioritize molecular findings; and coordinating health professionals from multiple disciplines.

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Franka, R., S. Svrcek, M. Madar, M. Kolesarova, A. Ondrejkova, R. Ondrejka, Z. Benisek, J. Suli, and S. Vilcek. "Quantification of the effectiveness of laboratory diagnostics of rabies using classical and molecular-genetic methods." Veterinární Medicína 49, No. 7 (March 29, 2012): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5703-vetmed.

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In comparative experiments the diagnostic effectiveness of four methods of laboratory diagnostics of rabies – the mouse intracerebral inoculation test (MICIT, MIT), the rabies tissue culture infection test (RTCIT), the rapid rabies enzyme immune diagnosis test (RREID) and a molecular-genetic method, the nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) – was quantified by the titration of serial dilutions of brain viral suspensions. The threshold value of the tests, i.e., the highest dilution of a specimen, which the method used is able to detect as a positive one, was determined. Further advantages and disadvantages of the tested methods were compared as well. Experimental optimization of procedures for RNA extraction was carried out and the optimum primer for RNA transcription to cDNA was selected. The RREID method was carried out in two variants: detection of the rabies antigen in a clarified (centrifugated) as well as in a non-clarified (noncentrifugated) brain suspension. In the experiments three autochthonous street isolates of rabies virus (in the form of primary isolates) were used; they had been isolated from naturally infected red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and a lynx (Lynx lynx). The results of comparative experiments revealed a relative correlation of the diagnostic effectiveness of standard methods (MICIT and RTCIT), with standard MICIT being the more sensitive one, RTCIT however having several other advantages (among others the speed of performance) and thus being preferred. For quantitative comparison of diagnostic effectiveness two other methods (RREID and nRT-PCR) were examined in that street isolates of rabies virus, which revealed the highest titer after titration by MICIT and RTCIT. The sensitivity of the RREID method proved to be rather low. If used with noncentrifugated brain suspensions this method may yield nonspecific reactions. If compared particularly with RREID the nRT-PCR is characterized by a considerably higher diagnostic effectiveness. The sensitivity of nRT-PCR is not affected by preliminary clarification of the brain suspension. The reverse primer N12 seems to be more suitable for transcription of the extracted RNA to cDNA than random hexamers.

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Arzanlou, Mahdi, Edwin C. A. Abeln, Gert H. J. Kema, Cees Waalwijk, Jean Carlier, Ineke de Vries, Mauricio Guzmán, and Pedro W. Crous. "Molecular Diagnostics for the Sigatoka Disease Complex of Banana." Phytopathology® 97, no. 9 (September 2007): 1112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-9-1112.

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The Sigatoka disease complex of banana involves three related ascomycetous fungi, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, M. musicola, and M. eumusae. The exact distribution of these three species and their disease epidemiology remain unclear, because their symptoms and life cycles are rather similar. Disease diagnosis in the Mycosphaerella complex of banana is based on the presence of host symptoms and fungal fruiting structures, which hamper preventive management strategies. In the present study, we have developed rapid and robust species-specific molecular-based diagnostic tools for detection and quantification of M. fijiensis, M. musicola, and M. eumusae. Conventional species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were developed based on the actin gene that detected DNA at as little as 100, 1, and 10 pg/μl from M. fijiensis, M. musicola, and M. eumusae, respectively. Furthermore, TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR assays were developed based on the β-tubulin gene and detected quantities of DNA as low as 1 pg/μl for each Mycosphaerella sp. from pure cultures and DNA at 1.6 pg/μl per milligram of dry leaf tissue for M. fijiensis that was validated using naturally infected banana leaves.

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Chakraborty, Gunimala, Indrani Karunasagar, and Anirban Chakraborty. "Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) : A rapid molecular diagnosis technique for detection of human pathogens." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 07, no. 03 (September 2017): 042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708723.

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AbstractDelivery of quality healthcare in case of an infectious disease depends on how efficiently and how quickly the responsible pathogens are detected from the samples. Molecular methods can detect the presence of pathogens in a rapid and sensitive manner. Over the years, a number of such assays have been developed. However, these methods, although highly reliable and efficient, require use of expensive equipment, reagents, and trained personnel. Therefore, development of molecular assays that are simple, rapid, cost-effective, yet sensitive, is highly warranted to ensure efficient management or treatment strategies. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a technique invented in the year 2000, is a novel method that amplifies DNA at isothermal conditions. Since its invention, this technique has been one of the most extensively used molecular diagnostic tools in the field of diagnostics offering rapid, accurate and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. Using the LAMP principle, many commercial kits have been developed in the last decade for a variety of human pathogens including bacteria, viruses and parasites. Currently LAMP assay is being considered as an effective diagnostic tool for use in developing countries because of its simple working protocol, allowing even an onsite application. The focus of this review is to describe the salient features of this technique the current status of development of LAMP assays with an emphasis on the pathogens of clinical significance.

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Jenison, Robert, Heidi Jaeckel, Joshua Klonoski, David Latorra, and Jacinta Wiens. "Rapid amplification/detection of nucleic acid targets utilizing a HDA/thin film biosensor." Analyst 139, no. 15 (2014): 3763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an00418c.

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A non-instrumented molecular diagnostics approach is described which integrates HDA amplification and thin film biosensor detection to create a platform capable of detecting pathogenic bacteria with high sensitivity and specificity.

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Edwards, Robert, and Nawaporn Onkokesung. "Resisting resistance: new applications for molecular diagnostics in crop protection." Biochemist 42, no. 4 (July 28, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio20200040.

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While there is universal recognition of the dangers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to human health, far less attention has been directed towards the steady growth of resistance to the pesticides and herbicides that safeguard global food security. As a major constraint on crop productivity, weed competition causes greater losses than invertebrate pests and fungal pathogens combined, with the development of herbicide resistance now a primary agronomic threat to arable agriculture and horticulture. Here in the UK, our dominant crop, winter wheat, is now subject to annual losses of 1 million tons of grain equating to an estimated £0.5 billion, primarily due to the mass evolution of herbicide resistance in the highly competitive weed blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides). Informed by strategies being developed in healthcare to combat AMR through its rapid identification, we now look to new tools to combat herbicide and pesticide resistance informed by molecular diagnostics.

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Kordalewska, Milena, and David S. Perlin. "Molecular Diagnostics in the Times of Surveillance for Candida auris." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 3 (August 20, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5030077.

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Recently, global health professionals have been significantly challenged by the emergence of Candida auris and its propensity to colonize human skin, persist in the healthcare environment, and cause healthcare-associated outbreaks. Additionally, C. auris isolates are often characterized by elevated minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for antifungal drugs. Thus, rapid detection and accurate identification of C. auris together with an assessment of potential antifungal drug resistance has become essential for effective patient management, and infection prevention and control in healthcare facilities. Surprisingly, almost all of the commonly available diagnostic tools rely on recovery (growth) of yeast colonies from collected samples, which delays the diagnostic result by several days or longer. To circumvent these issues, molecular-based DNA amplification assays have been developed to identify C. auris DNA directly from patient samples. Moreover, allele discriminating detection probes can be used to rapidly assess validated mechanisms of echinocandin and azole resistance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rapid molecular diagnostics'

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