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Journal articles on the topic 'Rapid tooling and Reverse engineering'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Onuh, Spencer, Nick Bennett, and Vince Hughes. "Reverse engineering and rapid tooling as enablers of agile manufacturing." International Journal of Agile Systems and Management 1, no. 1 (2006): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijasm.2006.008859.

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2

Ferreira, J. C., and N. F. Alves. "Integration of reverse engineering and rapid tooling in foundry technology." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 142, no. 2 (2003): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00601-0.

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3

Ferreira, José Carvalho, Artur S. Mateus, and Nuno F. Alves. "Rapid tooling aided by reverse engineering to manufacture EDM electrodes." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 34, no. 11-12 (2006): 1133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0690-4.

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Sagar, Kumar, and Kumar Singh Amit. "FDM Modeled Polymer Tooling for Plastic Injection Molding." International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) 7, January (2019): 9–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3187643.

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Rapid Prototyping is being accepted globally by industries for its potential in saving on process time and cost. Rapid Tooling helps Rapid Prototyping grow beyond its conventional Feel & Fit status to Feel Fit Function status and is increasingly becoming popular. However, potential of rapid prototyping for normal production run is still not being realized. In that situation Rapid Tooling becomes a viable alternative. The greatest opportunity for rapid tooling implementation is the use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology. Further, polymer based direct rapid tooling provide large cost reduction and can also be readily accessible by industries. With the advances in materials along with the new access and low cost plastic based- AM equipment, direct use Polymer Rapid Tools (PRTs) would be a far more advantageous option in creating injection molds for low and highly flexible production. However, the use of polymer based direct rapid tooling by industries is curtailed due to the issues with the dimensional stability of the polymer based rapid tooling molds. Apart from dimensional tolerances, there are also issues with the life of these polymer based mold as they wear fast and are also not able to sustain high injection pressures in an Injection molding machine. Another, major problem with the polymer based rapid tooling is the poor thermal conductivity of polymeric materials due to which there is an increase in the cooling time and ultimately leading to decrease in productivity. Therefore, before proposing polymer based rapid tooling as a solution to industries to cut down the product development time and bring down the costs, a thorough study of the issues related to the same is imperative. This paper investigates the dimensional accuracy of striker component produced by ABS mold inserts. For dimensional accuracy a reverse engineering technique3D scanning is used which is compared with CAD file and inspected with COMET plus software. Further, the outputs are validated with vernier caliper. The mold insert is manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology which is used on injection molding machine

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LAN, HONGBO, YUCHENG DING, JUN HONG, and DIANLIANG WU. "A NOVEL INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR RAPID PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 03, no. 02 (2004): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686704000466.

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This paper presents a novel integrated system of rapid product development for reducing the time and cost of product development. The system is composed of four building blocks — digital prototype, virtual prototype, physical prototype and rapid tooling manufacturing system. It can aid effectively in product design, analysis, prototype, mould, and manufacturing process development by integrating closely the various advanced manufacturing technologies which involve the 3D CAD, CAE, reverse engineering, rapid prototyping and rapid tooling. Furthermore, two actual examples are provided to illustrate the application of this integrated system. The results indicate that the system has a high potential to reduce further the cycle and cost of product development.

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Hecht, J., K. Lamprecht, Marion Merklein, Konstantin Galanulis, and J. Steinbeck. "Triangulation Based Digitizing of Tooling and Sheet Metal Part Surfaces - Measuring Technique, Analysis of Deviation to CAD and Remarks on Use of 3D-Coordinate Fields for the Finite Element Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.847.

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The dynamic development of highly accurate optical measuring machines within the last years pushed the introduction of digitizing techniques to many applications in the fields of quality control, reverse engineering and rapid prototyping. By projecting fringe patterns onto the object's surface and recording pictures of the curvature dependant deformation of the pattern, 3D coordinates for each camera pixel are calculated on the basis of the principle of triangulation. The generation of a polygon mesh can be used for the analysis of the deviation of a die or a formed part to the initial CAD data, i.e. by means of full field or section based comparison. This paper presents the application of the above mentioned techniques on a double sheet hydroforming process. The gathered 3D data of the clam-shell part as well as of the tooling dies served for the calculation of the deviation to the respective reference geometry. With respect to the utilization of digitized tooling data within the finite element analysis, further investigations were performed on the impact of data reduction strategies. Aiming on the minimization of the necessary number of elements, representing the tooling surface in a discrete state, and on the request for a sufficient degree of accuracy, these strategies have to be considered of high priority.

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SUN, SHUH-PING, and CHING-JUNG WU. "THE APPLICATION OF FULL SCALE 3D ANTHROPOMETRIC DIGITAL MODEL SYSTEM IN RADIOTHERAPY POSITIONING AND VERIFICATION." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 16, no. 04 (2004): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237204000232.

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The full scale 3D Anthropometric Digital Model system is a technique combining digital imaging, three-dimensional (3D) image processing and reverse engineering to produce a full-scale solid Anthropometric Digital Model. This paper describes the Anthropometric Digital Model being made and used in radiation treatment. By using computed tomography and optical scanning, the data required for the Anthropometric Digital Model is collected. Through surface reconstruction, a model of the patient skull is made, after which rapid prototyping and rapid tooling is applied to acquire a 1:1 solid model. Thus, without the patient needing to be present, the medical physicist or dosimetrist will be able to design a treatment plan tailored to the patient and to simulate all kinds of situations on the simulator and the linear accelerator for positioning and verification. We expect that the application of Anthropometric Digital Model can reduce the time spent on pretreatment procedures in radiotherapy and enhance the quality of health care for cancer patients.

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8

YAO, ALBERT W. L., S. A. KAO, and D. Y. LI. "INTEGRATED 3R AND VR TECHNOLOGIES FOR CREATIVE DESIGN AND MARKETING." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 01, no. 02 (2002): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686702000167.

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Owing to stiff competition globally, the business operation of traditional industries, like the mould and die industry in Taiwan, urgently needs to be modernized. A wide spectrum of IT-tools and a variety of different computer-aided systems are currently available to provide best-in-class solutions for executing manufacturing and marketing tasks. Our aim in this project is to integrate the technologies of reverse engineering (RE), rapid prototyping (RP), rapid tooling (RT) and virtual reality (VR) for mould and die industries to effectively improve the performance of creative design, rapid manufacturing, training and marketing. The integration of RE/RP/RT technologies is known as 3R technology. From the reports, 3R technologies are capable of improving conceptual design quickly and effectively. With the improvement of computer and Internet technologies, the interaction of webbed VR has recently become an important business means to promote creative training and marketing. We call the integration of 3R and VR techniques 4R technology. This present methodology can help enterprises improve their capability for global competition.

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9

Chen, Yong, and David W. Rosen. "A Reverse Glue Approach to Automated Construction of Multi-Piece Molds." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 3, no. 3 (2003): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1603308.

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Mold design can be a difficult, time-consuming process. Determining how to split a mold cavity into multiple mold pieces (e.g., core, cavity) manually can be a tedious process. This paper focuses on the mold construction step of the automated mold design process. By investigating glue operations and its relations with parting faces, an approach based on a new reverse glue operation is presented. The key to the reverse glue operation is to generate parting faces. A problem definition of parting face generation for a region is provided. Correspondingly, three face generating criteria are identified. Based on the parting lines of a region, our algorithms to generate the parting faces are presented. Our mold construction algorithms for two-piece molds and multi-piece molds are also presented with brief discussions. Some industrial examples are provided which illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach. We tested our mold designs by fabricating stereolithography mold inserts (a rapid tooling method) and molding parts.

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Liu, Hong Pu, Jun Su, and Xiao Jing Li. "Process Analysis for Rapid Tooling Technology Based on Rapid Prototyping." Advanced Materials Research 216 (March 2011): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.216.798.

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This paper discussed the working principle, classification, modeling process and technology features for rapid tooling based on rapid prototyping and investigated into the difference between rapid tooling with traditional modeling manufacture. Several typical rapid tooling technologies are compared and summarized from mould period, fabrication cost and production cycle. Some key problems that rapid tooling industry will face with are analyzed. The application of the rapid tooling based on rapid prototyping is prospected.

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Klocke, F., T. Celiker, and Y. ‐A Song. "Rapid metal tooling." Rapid Prototyping Journal 1, no. 3 (1995): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552549510094250.

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Wimpenny, D. I., B. Bryden, and I. R. Pashby. "Rapid laminated tooling." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 138, no. 1-3 (2003): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00074-8.

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13

Kuo, Chil Chyuan, Sheng Jie Su, and Shiou Ru Shiu. "Technical Development of Hybrid Rapid Tooling Technology." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.830.

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The surface finish of fused deposition modeling (FDM) processed part is excessively rough due to stair stepping effect. In addition, the tensile strength of rapid tooling fabricated by FDM is inferior to that fabricated by plastic injection molding. A hybrid rapid tooling technology is developed to improve the surface roughness and increase the tensile strength of rapid tooling fabricated by FDM using epoxy-based composite in this work. Improvement rate of tensile strength of rapid tooling is 2.34 times of the add rate of epoxy-based composite. Surface roughness improvement rate of up to 92.94% can be achieved. Hybrid rapid tooling technology owns low manufacturing cost, simple manufacturing process and good flexibility.

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14

Gu, Z., X. Dai, R. Zhang, and Y. Yan. "Rapid metal tooling by applying plasma spraying and rapid prototyping/rapid tooling technology for metal sheet forming." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 218, no. 5 (2004): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440540421800505.

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Gibbons, Gregory John, Robert G. Hansell, A. J. Norwood, and P. M. Dickens. "Rapid laminated die‐cast tooling." Assembly Automation 23, no. 4 (2003): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445150310501208.

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Folkestad, James E., and Russell L. Johnson. "Integrated rapid prototyping and rapid tooling (IRPRT)." Integrated Manufacturing Systems 13, no. 2 (2002): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210415428.

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17

Shan, Z., Y. Yan, R. Zhang, and F. Qi. "Rapid tooling using plasma spraying and rapid prototyping." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 217, no. 1 (2003): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440603762554640.

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In the race to fabricate a product to market with increases in speed, cost and quality, the drive to economically decrease tooling lead times becomes more important. Rapid tooling (RT) fabricated at Tsinghua University uses a metal plasma spraying process and rapid prototyping (RP) to form a metal tool. The process uses plasma spraying as the heat pool to melt metal powder and then deposit molten metal on to the substrate made by RP. It provides a quick, accurate, simple and relatively cost effective route for producing metal parts or tools, especially for large tools. The process and key technologies are analysed and described in detail. Applications illustrate that the total costs and lead times for new products can be reduced.

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18

Durgun, Ismail. "Sheet metal forming using FDM rapid prototype tool." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 4 (2015): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2014-0003.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate usage of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based sheet metal tooling for small lot productions as a real case. FDM-based sheet metal tooling was used for stamping prototype parts for two different materials to evaluate dimensional conformance. Design/methodology/approach – The experimental process of data capture used the following steps: sheet metal parts were stamped and optically scanned at every 10th interval for both DC04 and S355MC material. FDM-based upper and lower dies were optically scanned at 1st, 51st and 101st intervals. Dimensional conformance analyses were carried out by using scanned data to evaluate the behavior of FDM dies against DC04 and S355MC materials in terms of geometric deviation. Findings – Satisfactory results were obtained for DC04 material by using FDM-based tooling, and overall deviation was at an acceptable level in terms of production tolerance. S355MC material is harder than DC04 and results were not convenient in terms of tolerance range. Geometric deviation of FDM dies was slightly increased and after the 50th part, increased drastically due to squeezing of FDM layers. Experiments showed that this method can be used for DC04 material and up to 100 parts can be stamped within the tolerance range. Using FDM-based sheet metal tooling, product development phase can be shortened in terms of leading time. Originality/value – This paper presents a study to create an alternative tooling method to shorten product cycle and product development phase by integrating rapid tooling methods to low-volume production.

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Shan, Z., Y. Yan, R. Zhang, Q. Lu, and L. Guan. "Rapid Manufacture of Metal Tooling by Rapid Prototyping." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 21, no. 7 (2003): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700300055.

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Kinsella, Mary E., Blaine Lilly, Benjamin E. Gardner, and Nick J. Jacobs. "Experimental determination of friction coefficients between thermoplastics and rapid tooled injection mold materials." Rapid Prototyping Journal 11, no. 3 (2005): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540510601291.

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PurposeTo determine static friction coefficients between rapid tooled materials and thermoplastic materials to better understand ejection force requirements for the injection molding process using rapid‐tooled mold inserts.Design/methodology/approachStatic coefficients of friction were determined for semi‐crystalline high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and amorphous high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) against two rapid tooling materials, sintered steel with bronze (LaserForm ST‐100) and stereolithography resin (SL5170), and against P‐20 mold steel. Friction tests, using the ASTM D 1894 standard, were run for all material pairs at room temperature, at typical part ejection temperatures, and at ejection temperatures preceded by processing temperatures. The tests at high temperature were designed to simulate injection molding process conditions.FindingsThe friction coefficients for HDPE were similar on P‐20 Steel, LaserForm ST‐100, and SL5170 Resin at all temperature conditions. The HIPS coefficients, however, varied significantly among tooling materials in heated tests. Both polymers showed highest coefficients on SL5170 Resin at all temperature conditions. Friction coefficients were especially high for HIPS on the SL5170 Resin tooling material.Research limitations/implicationsApplications of these findings must consider that elevated temperature tests more closely simulated the injection‐molding environment, but did not exactly duplicate it.Practical implicationsThe data obtained from these tests allow for more accurate determination of friction conditions and ejection forces, which can improve future design of injection molds using rapid tooling technologies.Originality/valueThis work provides previously unavailable friction data for two common thermoplastics against two rapid tooling materials and one steel tooling material, and under conditions that more closely simulate the injection‐molding environment.

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Ong, H. S., C. K. Chua, and C. M. Cheah. "Rapid Moulding Using Epoxy Tooling Resin." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 20, no. 5 (2002): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700200165.

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Mendible, Gabriel Antonio, Nabil Saleh, Carol Barry, and Stephen P. Johnston. "Mechanical properties and crystallinity of polypropylene injection molded in polyjet and aluminum tooling." Rapid Prototyping Journal 28, no. 4 (2021): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2020-0221.

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Purpose Rapid tooling has numerous advantages when prototyping injection molded components, but the effects of the tooling on the resulting part properties are often overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to consider the effect of tooling on the final part properties and morphology. Design/methodology/approach Digital polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) tooling and aluminum tooling were used to mold test specimens from isotatic polypropylene (iPP). Tensile behavior, impact strength, shrinkage, surface roughness and porosity were evaluated for both sets of samples. Additionally, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were used to assess the crystallinity of the samples. Findings Characterization of the molded parts showed that slower cooling rates in the Digital ABS inserts promoted the formation of ß-PP, while this crystal structure was not found in the parts molded using aluminum tooling. Additionally, parts molded on the digital ABS inserts exhibited higher mold shrinkage and SEM images identified microscopic shrinkage voids within the material. The change in morphology and the presence of voids significantly affected the tensile behavior with the parts molded in Digital ABS, which broke with little cold drawing and exhibited higher tensile moduli and higher yield strengths. Practical implications The results show that the choice of rapid tooling technique plays an important role on determining the properties of the final parts. Originality/value Previous studies have not characterized the effect of rapid tooling on the morphology of the molded articles fully or over a variety of processing conditions. This study builds on prior work by using both WAXS and DSC to characterize morphological changes over a wide range of processing conditions and comparing results to mechanical property and shrinkage data.

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Pham, D. T., and S. S. Dimov. "Rapid prototyping and rapid tooling—the key enablers for rapid manufacturing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 217, no. 1 (2003): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440603762554569.

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Rapid manufacturing is a new mode of operation that can greatly improve the competitive position of companies adopting it. The key enabling technologies of rapid manufacturing are rapid prototyping (RP) and rapid tooling (RT). This paper classifies the existing RP processes and briefly describes those with actual or potential commercial impact. The paper then discusses five important RP applications: building functional prototypes, producing casting patterns, making medical and surgical models, creating artworks and fabricating models to assist engineering analysis. Finally, the paper gives an overview of indirect and direct RT methods for quickly producing up to several thousand parts together with examples illustrating different applications of RT.

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Addanki, Sambasiva Rao, Medha A. Dharap, and Jonnalagedda V. L. Venkatesh. "Development of Rapid Tooling for Investment Casting Using Fused Deposition Modeling Process." Advanced Materials Research 970 (June 2014): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.970.155.

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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process can be used to produce the rapid tooling directly or indirectly. However, rapid tooling application demands good surface finish since the poor surface finish of FDM parts has become a limitation for its tool application. So there is need to improve the surface finish of FDM made tools. In this study, surface roughness of FDM tools are drastically reduced by a post processing technique called chemical treatment process. Surface finish was improved by filling the gap between layers by diffusion of parent material. Thus FDM made tools can be used as direct as well as indirect tools after the chemical treatment. Comparative study was made between Silicon Rubber Moulding and FDM Tooling towards the cost, time, life of mould, quality and feasibility aspects. It was found that FDM tooling is more economical, easy to use, reduced cycle time, improved quality, long life of mould and more feasibility towards complex parts etc.

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Du, Z. H., C. K. Chua, Y. S. Chua, K. G. Loh-Lee, and S. T. Lim. "Rapid Sheet Metal Manufacturing. Part 1: Indirect Rapid Tooling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 19, no. 6 (2002): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700200042.

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Kuo, Chil-Chyuan, Trong-Duc Nguyen, Yi-Jun Zhu, and Shi-Xun Lin. "Rapid Development of an Injection Mold with High Cooling Performance Using Molding Simulation and Rapid Tooling Technology." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030311.

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Rapid tooling technology (RTT) provides an alternative approach to quickly provide wax injection molds for the required products since it can reduce the time to market compared with conventional machining approaches. Removing conformal cooling channels (CCCs) is the key technology for manufacturing injection mold fabricated by rapid tooling technology. In this study, three different kinds of materials were used to fabricate CCCs embedded in the injection mold. This work explores a technology for rapid development of injection mold with high cooling performance. It was found that wax is the most suitable material for making CCCs. An innovative method for fabricating a large intermediary mold with both high load and supporting capacities for manufacturing a large rapid tooling using polyurethane foam was demonstrated. A trend equation for predicting the usage amount of polyurethane foam was proposed. The production cost savings of about 50% can be obtained. An optimum conformal cooling channel design obtained by simulation is proposed. Three injection molds with different cooling channels for injection molding were fabricated by RTT. Reductions in the cooling time by about 89% was obtained. The variation of the results between the experiment and the simulation was investigated and analyzed.

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Abdel-All, Esraa Saleh, Matthew Charles Frank, and Iris Violeta Rivero. "Rapid tooling using friction stir welding and machining." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 1 (2017): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2015-0107.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a friction stir molding (FSM) method for the rapid manufacturing of metal tooling. The method uses additive and subtractive techniques to sequentially friction stir bond and then mill slabs of metal. Mold tooling is grown in a bottom-up fashion, overcoming machining accessibility problems typically associated with deep cavity tooling. Design/methodology/approach To test the feasibility of FSM in building functional molds, a layer addition procedure that combines friction stir spot welding (FSSW) with an initial glue application and clamping for slabs of AA6061-T651 was investigated. Additionally, FSSW parameters and the mechanical behavior of test mold materials, including shear strength and hardness, were studied. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/elemental map analysis (EDS) of the spot weld zones was carried out to understand the effect of FSSW on the glue materials and to study potential mixing of glue with the plate materials in the welded zone. Findings The results indicate that FSM provides good layer stacking without gaps when slabs are pre-processed through sand blasting, moistening, uniform clamping and FSSW using a tapered pin tool. The tensile shear strength results revealed that the welded spots were able to withstand cutting forces during machining stages; however, FSSW was found to cause hardness reduction among spot zones because of over-aging. The SEM/EDS results showed that glue was not mixed with slab materials in spot zones. The proposed process was able to build a test tooling sample successfully using AA6061-T651 plates welded and machined on a three-axis computer numerical control (CNC) mill. Originality/value The proposed FSM process is a new process presented by the authors, developed for the rapid manufacturing of metal tooling. The method uses additive and subtractive techniques to sequentially friction stir bond and then mill slabs of metal. The use of FSSW process for materials addition is an original contribution that enables automatic process planning for this new process.

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Rooks, Brian. "Rapid manufacturing advances at Loughborough." Assembly Automation 22, no. 4 (2002): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445150210446193.

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An outline of the current activities in the Rapid Manufacturing (RM) Group at Loughborough University, one of the new Innovation Research Centres funded by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC). A description is given of the facilities available for research and some of the projects underway – laminated tools for die casting, laser fusion of functionally‐graded materials, and design for RM. Another activity is the industrial Consortium that helps its members in the application of RM technologies. Three Consortium projects are described: deep slot tooling production using copper plated rapid prototype (RP) produced electrodes, cost reduction through RP‐produced patterns for investment casting, and production of thin walled investment cast components with RP‐built low thermal conductivity tooling.

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Pham, D. T., S. Dimov, and F. Lacan. "Techniques for firm tooling using rapid prototyping." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 212, no. 4 (1998): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405981515680.

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This paper gives an overview of rapid tooling technologies that are, or shortly will be, available for production runs of up to several hundred parts in the same material as the final production part.

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Chua, C. K., K. H. Hong, and S. L. Ho. "Rapid tooling technology. Part 2. A case study using arc spray metal tooling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 15, no. 8 (1999): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700050109.

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Lanz, Rubén W., Shreyes N. Melkote, and Mahesh A. Kotnis. "Machinability of rapid tooling composite board." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 127, no. 2 (2002): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00150-4.

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Hou, Ya Li, Ting Ting Zhao, Chang He Li, and Y. C. Ding. "The Manufacturing of Rapid Tooling by Stereo Lithography." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.578.

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The development and manufacturing speed of products have become the focus of competition, at the same time the manufacturing not only has to meet user’s constantly changing needs, but also has to have a relatively strong flexibility of manufacturing technologies. Additive processes can be defined as rapid prototyping, which generate parts (prototyping) in a layered way, is gaining progress by rapid tools (RT) and rapid manufacturing (RM) for production of functional parts in small quantity and even one product without adding the cost becomes more and more critical. The paper describes which mechanism of stereo lithography (SLA) rapid prototyping can be applied to rapid tooling for production complex geometries for long-term consistency. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the application examples of rapid tooling fulfilling the required physical, mechanical and geometrical properties in precision deformation and casting process. The most notable advantage is the integration of production design and digital manufacturing within the product development period.

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Garg, Harish Kumar, and Rupinder Singh. "Development of New Composite Materials for Rapid Tooling Using Fused Deposition Modelling." Materials Science Forum 808 (December 2014): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.808.103.

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The impact of Rapid Prototyping (RP) on the future engineering and manufacturing will undoubtedly be widespread .It has variety of applications which include the manufacture of prototypes know as rapid prototyping, tool cores and cavities know as rapid tooling and in the manufacture of patterns for a range of casting processes known as rapid casting. In the proposed research work, fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique of RP will be used for development of a tool for direct application using Rapid tooling. The research work includes development of new hybrid feedstock filament of Fe – Nylon6 composite material for the FDM machine which will be suitable for the machine in its existing setup. The feedstock filament will have the desired mechanical thermal and rheological properties as desired for Rapid Tooling applications. The proposed feedstock material will be ferromagnetic in nature and can find wide application in industrial applications.

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Ramesh, K., MA Kumar, and S. G. Dhande. "FUSION OF DIGITAL PHOTOELASTICITY RAPID PROTOTYPING AND RAPID TOOLING TECHNOLOGIES." Experimental Techniques 23, no. 2 (1999): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.1999.tb01553.x.

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Salmoria, Gean Vitor, Fernando H. Lafratta, Matheus M. Biava, Carlos Henrique Ahrens, and Pedro Z. Ferreira. "Rapid manufacturing and rapid tooling of polymer miniaturized parts using Stereolithography." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 30, no. 1 (2008): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-58782008000100002.

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Li, Ying Guang, Zhi Yi Pan, R. J. Yan, and J. B. Jian. "An Aircraft Tooling Cooperative Design Model Based on Neuron-Endocrine-Immunity Working Principle." Advanced Materials Research 44-46 (June 2008): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.44-46.239.

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As restricted by airplane R&D circle, aircraft tooling design is desired to comply with airplane product design and subsequent portions. However, cooperative design for aircraft tooling, especially large-sized one, is difficult and the reasons are as follows: ①The quantity for Aircraft tooling parts is enormously large, the size is large, and the structure is complex. ②Tooling design procedure is complicated with many portions to be coordinated. ③Airplane product amendments are frequent and hard to trace. Aircraft tooling design tends to proceed without effective mechanism to evaluate and optimize manufacturing process, scheduling and etc. With these difficulties considered, an aircraft tooling cooperative design model based on Neuron-Endocrine-Immunity working principle is presented in this paper. Resorting to shared chemical information molecules, Neuron-Endocrine-Immunity system forms an extensive and complicated regulating network which regulates all cells and tissues in human body. Referring to this principle, aircraft tooling design system involves controller and controlled objects. With adaptive and self-organized tooling design procedure, rapid adjustment or reconfiguration can be realized. Meanwhile, the feasibility and validity of adjusting task plans and tooling design schedules are ensured. To implement this model, a multi-agent-based framework for aircraft tooling cooperative design is proposed. This framework incorporates PDM and united structure for effective collaboration in terms of unified data sharing, convenient tool wrapping and decentralized control. A pilot system has been developed and testified in an aircraft manufacturing enterprise, thus lessening repetitive modifying workload, ensuring design quality and project schedule.

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Karapatis, N. P., J. P. S. van Griethuysen, and R. Glardon. "Direct rapid tooling: a review of current research." Rapid Prototyping Journal 4, no. 2 (1998): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552549810210248.

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GILLOT, F., P. MOGNOL, B. FURET, and J. Y. HASCOET. "PERMANENT RAPID PROTOTYPED MOLDS FOR THIN WALL MAGNESIUM CASTING." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 04, no. 02 (2005): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686705000643.

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Rapid tooling processes are now well known and largely implemented in the plastic injection industries. Harsh conditions related to metal casting or injection do not allow such rapid tooling processes to be directly applicable. This paper focuses on magnesium alloy casting in rapid prototyped mold with thin walls created by Direct Metal Laser Sintering. Such molds are anisotropic, due to special laser exposure between their skin and core. Hence, experimental results from casting are described and analyzed. The results can help companies improve their rapid prototyping means in the field of magnesium casting of precise parts in permanent molds.

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Pessard, E., P. Mognol, J. Y. Hascoët, and C. Gerometta. "Complex cast parts with rapid tooling: rapid manufacturing point of view." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 39, no. 9-10 (2007): 898–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-007-1281-8.

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Luo, Ren C., and Jyh Hwa Tzou. "The Development of Direct Metallic Rapid Tooling System." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 4, no. 1 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2006.872115.

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Jiang, Xiaoping, Xingyang Liu, and Chao Zhang. "Feasibility study of a new rapid tooling process." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 27, no. 3-4 (2005): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-004-2191-7.

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He, Zhongyun, Bingheng Lu, Jun Hong, Yiqing Wang, and Yiping Tang. "A novel arc-spraying robot for rapid tooling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 31, no. 9-10 (2006): 1012–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-005-0264-x.

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Chua, C. K., K. H. Hong, and S. L. Ho. "Rapid tooling technology. Part 1. A comparative study." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 15, no. 8 (1999): 604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700050108.

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Levy, G. N., and R. Schindel. "Overview of layer manufacturing technologies, opportunities, options and applications for rapid tooling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, no. 12 (2002): 1621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440502321016350.

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The motivations applying to layer manufacturing emerging technologies in the product development cycle are considered. The interaction between virtual reality computer applications and physical manufacturing primarily rapid tooling is studied. This paper describes a holistic approach and optimization methodology in time and cost for injection moulded plastic parts, applicable for further tooling applications. Furthermore, some applications for die-casting and forming tools are cited. The benefits of optimization stages, cost, time and obtained final results are discussed. The benefit of using principally selective laser sintering with interactive modelling and simulation is demonstrated. Trends and concluding remarks round up the authors' reported experience and the state-of-the-art.

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Singh, Gurminder, and Pulak Mohan Pandey. "Rapid manufacturing of copper-graphene composites using a novel rapid tooling technique." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 4 (2020): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-10-2019-0258.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to study the mechanical, tribological and electrical properties of the copper-graphene (Cu-Gn) composites fabricated by a novel rapid tooling technique consist of three-dimensional printing and ultrasonic-assisted pressureless sintering (UAPS). Design/methodology/approach Four different Cu-Gn compositions with 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 per cent of graphene were fabricated using an amalgamation of three-dimensional printing and UAPS. The polymer 3d printed parts were used to prepare mould cavity and later the UAPS process was used to sinter Cu-Gn powder to acquire free-form shape. The density, hardness, wear rate, coefficient of friction and electrical conductivity were evaluated for the different compositions of graphene and compared with the pure copper. Besides, the comparison was performed with the conventional method. Findings Cu-Gn composites revealed excellent wear properties due to higher hardness, and the lubrication provided by the graphene. The electrical conductivity of the fabricated Cu-Gn composites started increasing initially but decreased afterwards with increasing the content of graphene. The UAPS fabricated composites outperformed the conventional method manufactured samples with better properties such as density, hardness, wear rate, coefficient of friction and electrical conductivity due to homogeneous mixing of metal particles and graphene. Originality/value The fabrication of Cu-Gn composite freeform shapes was found to be difficult using conventional methods. The novel technique using a combination of polymer three-dimensional printing and UAPS as rapid tooling was introduced for the fabrication of freeform shapes of Cu-Gn composites and mechanical, tribological and electrical properties were studied. The method can be used to fabricate optimized complex Cu-Gn structures with improved wear and electrical applications.

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Ding, Yucheng, Hongbo Lan, Jun Hong, and Dianliang Wu. "An integrated manufacturing system for rapid tooling based on rapid prototyping." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 20, no. 4 (2004): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2003.10.010.

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Janik, Witold, Cezary Grabowik, and Grzegorz Ćwikła. "The Practical Approach to Freeform Shape Elements Reverse Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.755.

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Element geometry can be restored with basic measurement techniques. However if the element geometry is too complex (free form surfaces), it is not possible to take all measurements in that way. Example presented in the paper is a drop forged element (car suspension link). In situation when spare element is out of reach (product withdraw from market, producer technological process tooling redesign), the element can be reproduced (singularly or in series, what depends on producer). Reconstructed element is slightly different from a master element (impossible existence of reliably identically designed and manufactured parts), because of measurement uncertainty. Another problem is that original element is usually worn out or during disassembly process can be damaged, so it has different geometry,(when worn out is not fitting to tolerances) than newly manufactured one. The practical approach for reverse engineering is based on: measurement uncertainty extrapolation, 3D part scanning, transformation of point cloud to solid model, composition examination of an alloy. The method is a complex solution that brings: geometrical description and material assignment and heat treatment. Important part of the method is typical measurement techniques. In cases when tolerances have to be preserved, additional tolerance assignment is needed according to linkage between redesigned part of element and parts of other elements in assembly. The insurance of measurement was checked according to typical tolerance of the drop forged element. The retrieved 3D model was compared with virtual mass to real master element mass. The technological tooling reconstructed prototype and element reconstructed prototype have been made. Finally the alloy material is assigned according to measurement result analysis (electron spectroscopy EDS). Proposed example shows many important clues that can be used in order to provide properly redesigned element.

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Prechtl, M., Andrea Otto, and Manfred Geiger. "Rapid Tooling by Laminated Object Manufacturing of Metal Foil." Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (May 2005): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.303.

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The technology of Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) is not very new. For hundreds of years wooden parts are built by stacking layers together. Nowadays also paper, plastic, ceramic composite and metal sheets are treated in layers. For the manufacture of prototypes and especially technical tools, e. g. moulds for gravity casting, die casting or injection molding, out of metallic foil however the low self stiffness of this material is a great challenge. In this case it is useful to produce the parts in a two step process. The first subprocess is the stacking of the layers, which can be realised by laser beam spot welding to determine the position of the layer in combination with generating the defined contour by a laser beam cutting process. This procedure is done in a fully automated machine where the CAD-file of the desired part and the building parameters like the laser parameters and the cutting velocity are needed as input. However the stability of the produced green part is insufficient for most kind of application. Hence, a second sub-process to enhance the mechanical properties of the part is necessary. This can for example be realised by high temperature soldering or by diffusion welding in a furnace with inert gas or vacuum. During these kinds of joining processes the green part is homogeneously pressed with the help of a powder bed and at the same time it is tempered for a defined term. In this paper the principle of sheet metal LOM is described as well as the process chain of Laminated Object Manufacturing of metal foil. For each sub-process of metal foil LOM the results of the experimental work for qualifying and optimizing the sub-process are shown. Finally some examples of possible applications especially in the field of Rapid Tooling and Rapid Manufacturing are discussed.

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FENG, Xiaojun. "Technical Parameter Optimization of Rapid Tooling Filling Process." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 45, no. 11 (2009): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2009.11.163.

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Zhao, Wansheng. "Study of rapid tooling with laminated removal ED-milling." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition) 15, supp (2002): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2002.supp.020.

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