Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rapport socioéconomique à l'environnement'
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Camara, Mamoudou. "Croissance économique et impact environnemental : le découplage est-il possible ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12004/document.
Full textUsing both theoretical and empirical approaches, this thesis aims to bring a new light on the link between economic growth and environment. It is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on a reconsideration of the decoupling question. The study of the evolution of the environmental problematic in economic theory, in the first chapter, shows that this debate is not new, and has not remained static. Then, in the second chapter, after to have shown the complexity (particularly its multidimensionality and the limits of approaches to measure the decoupling) of the decoupling concept, our study with a new empirical approach on several countries seems to show the evidence of decoupling in the case of certain countries. The second part consists to explain the decoupling. The third chapter which is focused on analysis of the main decoupling determinants, allowed us to identify three determinants (the development level, the structure of the economy and the socioeconomic relationship to the environment), and also to show that their impact on the decoupling is limited in the time. The last chapter, which is an extension of the third chapter, focuses on analysis of the decoupling factors in a “regulationniste” perspective. With this approach, our thesis has tried to show the importance of the degree of ecological concerns and the quality of institutions in a country to achieve decoupling. Thus, through these four chapters, this thesis seems to show that the possibilities to achieve decoupling are tributary of several factors, and also that decoupling, even in the case of CO2, is sometimes possible, but not permanently
Bryere, Joséphine. "Etude de l'influence de l'environnement socioéconomique sur l'incidence des cancers en France." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN3149.
Full textCancer is in France, the cause of death that explains the most the social inequalities in health. One of the the priorities announced in the cancer plan 2014-2019, is to study the geographical and socioeconomic disparities in cancer incidence and survival according deprivation indices. The objective of this thesis was to analyse the influence of socioeconomic environment on cancer incidence in the general population in France and to study methodological limitations related to this type of study. This work aimed to determine the cancer sites whose incidence is related to social status, and to evaluate in France the proportion of cancer cases attibutable to social deprivation using an aggregate approach and the french version of an ecological index for measuring social deprivation. The analysis included 189,144 cancer cases recorded in member registries of the frech network of cancer registries between 2006 and 2009. The estimate of the proportion of cases of excess cancers found that for the most affedted cancer sites, social deprivation could lead to 30% more cases among disadvantaged individuals related of favored individuals. This work also explored certain limits and constraints related to aggregate assessment of the socioeconomic environment as misclassification bias induced by residential mobility and ecological bias caused by measurement of social status at the aggregate level. These results suggest the implementation of targeted prevention actions on the most vulnerable populations
Boulanger, Stéphanie. "Le risque socioéconomique et le développement cognitif de l'enfant : contribution de l'environnement familial, de la sensibilité maternelle et des facteurs biologiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28853/28853.pdf.
Full textDemarque, Christophe. "Perspective temporelle future et communication engageante, une approche psychosociale du rapport au temps dans le domaine de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825171.
Full textMunyanji, Jean Pierre Soëtard Michel. "La pédagogie de la connaissance dans son rapport à l'environnement le cas du Kasaï (République Démocratique du Congo) /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/munyanji_jp.
Full textGoumalengue, David. "Alimentation et rapport à l'environnement : Evolution historique chez les Kweso (Pomo) de la Sangha : Congo, XVIIIè-XXè s." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010685.
Full textA study objet is to reconstruct the food history of Kweso people since the eighteenth century to nowadays. We have examined a group food habits in the first part whose staple food was a maize during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. In the second part, we have study these food habits which have knew many modifications between the 1880 to 1950 years. Thus the staple food have changed from maize to tapioca. To finish, we have in the third and last part observed that this feedind has rapididy changed since the 1950 years to nowadays. This evolution has mainly observed through breakfast and imported drinks
Munyanji, Jean Pierre. "La pédagogie de la connaissance dans son rapport à l'environnement : le cas du Kasai͏̈ (République Démocratique du Congo)." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/munyanji_jp.
Full textEducation among the Kasai͏̈ (R. D. C. ) is in crisis. Failures and dropouts are on the increase. Thousands of young people leave school without adequate qualification enabling them to take up posts in the society. Parents and teachers trade blames for this situation. Studies of the theories of knowledge of certain philosophers, and the construction by some pedagogues of the new Education underline the links between education and the learners' environment. A glance at the school program among the Kasai͏̈ shows that the former minimise the importance of the scholars' environment. On the contrary, an approach to the ancestral education shows that traditionally in the Kasai͏̈ education, one takes into account the environment of the children. This is what makes it efficient. This work therefore, seeks to restore into the modern pedagogy of the Kasai͏̈ this link with the environment. With the aim of finding references for the construction of the pedagogy of knowledge for the Kasai͏̈, it studies the theories of Aristotle, Kant and Rousseau, as well as the construction by the authors of the new Education: Pestalozzi, Freinet and Piaget. Finally this research offers principal guidelines for a pedagogy of knowledge for the Kasai͏̈. It recommends the return to things, makes some suggestions for the construction of knowledge, and highlights certain attitudes, behaviours and gests likely to enhance learning, and those likely to inhibit it
Demarque, Christophe. "Perspective temporelle future et communication engageante : une approche psychosociale du rapport au futur dans le domaine de l'environnement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10047.
Full textThis thesis aims to provide elements about the theoretical status of Time Perspective (TP), and more specifically of future time extension (as measured by the Consideration of Future Consequences scale - CFC). Focusing on the idea of double contextualization, our results show, on the one hand, that CFC plays a contextualizing role since it influences the way in which individuals apprehend environmental issues. If this contextualizing role is well established, we show on the other hand that the effect of CFC is a contextualized effect, depending on the social issues associated with the situation. This way of dealing with time experience is less explored in the literature, whereas it is precisely by taking account the context that a psychosocial approach distinguishes itself from a more personality-based conception. To highlight this contextualized effect, we first showed that CFC was dependent on the social insertion of the subjects. We then put in evidence the dynamic and socially marked character of the relationship between CFC and pro-environmental behaviors, mediated by the perception of ecological risks, a socio-cognitive variable. In an aim of triangulation, we also conducted a series of experimental research based on the binding communication paradigm. The results indicate that the CFC score influences the sensitivity to the arguments of a persuasive message and the acceptance of a costly query (contextualizing role), these effects being modulated by the context (control condition vs. persuasive communication vs. binding communication). Finally, we observed that it was possible to modify, at least momentarily, the sensitivity about long-term consequences of behaviors through a binding communication procedure
Zniber, Rime Yasmina. "Les indicateurs de performance environnementale : un enjeu stratégique pour les firmes dans leur rapport avec les pouvoirs publics : le cas des transports." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10017.
Full textThe environmental performance indicator (EPIs) construction present a croissant interest for government, companies and public. The aim of this thesis is to suggest an intergrate and robustness model to establish the (EPIs) which represent not only a key issues for companies, but also an primordial communication toll with public which is very useful to make the political decisions. In the first time we searched to identify the main (EPIs) used by the transport companies to evaluate the gaz emission, in addition we studied the major (EPIs) adopted by CAC40 companies which have the obligation to communicate about their environmental performance evaluation. In the second time we have completed our researches about practical environmental indicator aspects, by a land investigation campaign in various transport companies to improve our (EPIs) understanding and measurement. Our researches allowed us to make a proposal of an integrate and relevant model to evaluate (EPIs) using some analysis criteria permeating to measure the (EPIs) taking into account all life cycle stages of transport tolls from conception to elimination
Pornet, Carole. "Influence de l'environnement socioéconomique et de l'offre de soins sur la participation aux dépistages organisés des cancers du sein et du colon-rectum à l'aide d’un nouvel outil : the european deprivation index." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN3167.
Full textTo reduce social inequalities in health, the High Council of Public Health recommends measure precisely compare between different regions or countries, and track changes over time. The mechanisms underlying social inequalities in participation in organized screening for breast and colorectal cancer are unknown. The objective was to analyze the environmental impact of socioeconomic status and healthcare supply on participation in organized screening for these cancers with an ecological deprivation index, the French version of EDI. This work presents the construction of this adaptable European transnational index. EDI is composed of census variables that best reflect the individual experience of relative deprivation. The study on the comparison of eight indices as to their assessment of deprivation at the individual level, showed that the performance of EDI were similar to those of the British indices. Using EDI, our studies have shown that in the most deprived areas, participation in screening for breast and colorectal cancer was reduced by 13% and 25% compared to the least deprived areas. No influence of the healthcare supply as measured by the presence or absence of general practitioners or certified radiologists were found. Social inequalities in screening could be reduced by combining individual interventions and geographical approaches targeted at populations at risk of low participation socially identified, emphasizing the superiority of organized screening on individual testing and advocating the involvement of general practitioners
Blanchet, Maryse. "Le rapport des habitants de Marne-la-Vallée à l'espace physique et à l'espace social : perceptions et images de la ville." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H030.
Full textThe inhabitants'relation to physical and social space is appreciated from perceptual modalites. The perception is not only visual but results from a processus of reality reconstruction, concerns also the perceptive, evaluative, and symbolic dimensions. Do the inhabitants' relation to space is apted to occur perturbations because of the new characteristics of the new town and its architectural and spatial organisation? the hypothesis is that the relation to space is different according to the personnal history of people, their urban experiences, their age, their social position. The different modalities of the relation to space are analysed with methods of multivariable analysis, from a corpus of 123 inhabitants. They permit to see a difficulty for the inhabitants to perceive marne la vallee as an urban area and show that social groups (upper class) and people aged more than 60 occupe a typical position
Bonnet, Polèse Jacqueline. "Une étude exploratoire du vécu de travail des cadres à temps partiel : rôle de l'environnement immédiat de travail et du "hors travail"." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHEC0005.
Full textLegault, Maurice. "Le rapport à la nature dans une perspective développementale : une recherche expérientielle sur le thème de la symbolique émergeant d'une démarche de créativité en milieu naturel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29378.
Full textRaviot, Jean-Robert. "Écologie et pouvoir en URSS : le rapport à la nature et à l'espace, une source de légitimité politique dans le processus de désoviétisation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0024.
Full textVan, Laere Pauline. "Une approche psychosociale de la protection de l'environnement : perspective temporelle et distance psychologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1227&f=14239.
Full textEnvironnemental issues are one of the most important problem we face today. Understand determinants of pro-environmental behaviours is crucial. After presenting classic variables as personality and attitudinal variables, we suggest two lines of research adapted to our object specificity for which risks are often distant. In the first line, we will argue that the ability of time projection links the behaviour with its future environmental consequences and should promote commitment to environmental protection. After presenting the theoretical framework of temporal perspective, we conduct a review of literature showing that future orientation is linked to more commitment to the environment. Our studies, however, have not found this link. We have shown a negative correlation between direction towards fatalistic present or negative past and pro-environmental behaviours. Importance of other variables has been demonstrated in these experiences such as environmental concerns, connexion to nature and cultural involvement. In the second line, we will defend the opposite position by arguing that it is by bringing perception of environmental risks closer that we promote pro-environmental behaviour. After exposing the theoretical framework of psychological distance and its relation to levels of constructs, we propose two studies, one measuring the perceived distance regarding environmental problems and the other manipulating it. These studies firstly allowed to characterise the perceived distance to different environmental issues, which are perceived relatively close on all dimensions except for social dimension where they are both close and distant. Then, we show that a close distance is associated with more environmental concerns, an assessment as more real and serious of risks and finally more behavioural intentions to act in favour of environment. We will conclude this work by putting our results in perspective and by suggesting applications in terms of communication on environmental problems
Kim, Kyung Sook. "L'invention de l'environnement en Corée : mobilisation sociale et régulation autour de l'aménagement du territoire à Saemankum." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG005/document.
Full textSaemankum as a natural environment is a rural area with many rich resource that the government decided to develop and urbanize in the early 1990s. The implementation of this land policy has led to changes in the social environment and created a conflict between supporters and opponents of the project facing the question of which local mode of development would be most suitable. Eco-territorial issues can be analyzed as a set of interactions between public policy and the practice of fishing area. This is in the context of a power relationship. That means to describe the compatibility between rationality at work in this project, taking into account both the regionalization of environmental practices, on the other hand, political and growth objectives of stakeholders. How the idea of democratic governance was born? In which way the model of a sustainable development has emerged as a unifying element in the regulation of coastal areas uses? In short, this research is defined as a study of the social relations within the territorial system as we have seen in the actors’ strategies through the recent developments in the administration of the country
Ducolombier, Crepineau Cécile. "Facteurs d'émergence des actions communales cas de la gestion de l'espace en montagne vosgienne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL024N.
Full textLourantou, Anna. "Contraindre l'augmentation en dioxyde de carbone (CO2) lors des déglaciations basés sur son rapport isotopique stable du carbone (δ13CO2)." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370658.
Full textCette étude documente à haute résolution temporelle l'évolution du CO2 et du δ13CO2 pendant les deux dernières déglaciations. La dernière déglaciation est caractérisée par une augmentation en CO2 de 80 ppmv, accompagnée par une diminution en δ13CO2 de 0.6 ‰. Des amplitudes plus importantes sont observées durant la pénultième déglaciation (+110 ppmv CO2, accompagnés pas une diminution en δ13CO2 de 0.9 ‰).
Les mesures, interprétées avec deux modèles du cycle du carbone (BOXKIT et BICYCLE) sont cohérentes avec le scénario suivant. Dans un premier temps, un réchauffement de l'hémisphère sud initie une augmentation du CO2 atmosphérique. Ceci entraîne une réorganisation biologique et physique de l'océan austral qui diminue le δ13CO2. Enfin, cette réorganisation se propage vers le nord avec un impact retardé de la biosphère continentale, pendant le Bølling/Allerød (B/A).
Ces résultats obtenus pour la première fois dans la carotte EDC, ont permis de proposer un scénario sur les causes des déglaciations. Une série de tests, basée sur des glaces de différentes propriétés a fourni une validation de notre méthode d'extraction.
Rotoullié, Jean-Charles. "L'utilisation de la technique de marché en droit de l'environnement. L'exemple du système européen d'échange des quotas d'émission de gaz à effet de serre." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020053.
Full textBy taking the example of the European Union emission trading system, the objective of the present study is to understand the conditions of effectiveness of a specific tool: the market-based instrument. Market-based instrument is defined as a tool of policing aiming at the achievement of a public policy objective (pre-established by public authorities) with the creation of a market, i.e. the organisation of exchanges of “units” between economic operators. This tool is widely used in environmental law. The ex nihilo creation of a market in order to protect the environment must not mislead: the market-based instrument does not lead to a shift from public action to freedom. To the contrary, the effectiveness of the market-based instrument depends on a strong public action. A permanent (i.e. both during the preparation and the implementation of this tool) and multifaceted (i.e. at international, regional and national levels) public intervention is therefore required. The “invisible hand” of the market could only be effective with the “visible hand” of public authorities
Cuny-Guirriec, Kristan. "Le rapport élémentaire Li/Mg dans les coraux scléractiniaires : un nouveau et puissant traceur des paléo-températures de l’océan ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASV009.
Full textThe Li/Mg paleothermometer was here updated in a calibration including 15 species of coral from culture or various environmental context, from tropical areas to deep Antarctic waters. This work showed that this new proxy well defines the whole ocean temperature range from -1 to 29°C, with a precision of ± 1.0°C. However, presence of organic matter or diagenetic calcite in the skeleton can bias the reconstructed temperatures. A specific chemical cleaning and micro analysis can overcome these effects. Yet, uncertainties of reconstructed temperatures are higher for tropical corals from shallow waters, largely subjected to seasonal variation of environmental factors (e.g. SST, light, precipitations). Calcification and growth processes of these zooxanthellate species, controlled by their localisation in the lagoon and by seasonal variation, seem to alter the precision of the Li/Mg proxy. By combining Li/Mg and Sr/Ca ratios in a multi-proxy approach, these uncertainties can be considerably reduced, with a precision reaching ± 0.6°C. In a first application, general and local calibrations were compared in order to reconstruct the historical evolution of temperatures from analysis on a Siderastrea siderea, sampled alive in Martinique. The resulting temporal series covers the last two centuries and clearly shows the global warming affecting the Caribbean, in agreement with existing data. A second application was conducted on fossil deep-water corals from Mediterranean Sea, providing the first reconstruction of the temperature evolution of intermediate waters since 55.000 years, with a particularly cold signal during LGM, in response of the last glacial/interglacial cycle
Ndong, Angoue Christophe. "L'appropriation d'une question socialement vive environnementale portant sur l'exploitation de l'uranium par des enseignantes et enseignants de sciences de la vie et de la terre du secondaire au Gabon : rapport à l'expertise scientifique et aux sciences, dispositions à l'enseignement." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26322.
Full textThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to study Gabonese Science teachers’ relationship to scientific expertise and to sciences in general, when faced with analysing and environmental socio-scientific issue (ESSI) that has galvanized the scientific community, such as the health and environmental consequences of mining uranium in Gabon. This study also seeks to discover how inclined Gabonese science teachers teach such issues. From a didactic and socio-epistemological perspective, this study follows on from previous research on socio-scientific issues (SSI), which seek to gain insights into contemporary issues on the various uses of scientific expertise and how societal issues are being approached at school. The theoretical framework of this thesis also uses a socio-anthropologic perspective on the relationship to knowledge in order to examine teachers’ conceptions of scientific experts’ positions on a particular controversial issue. A thematic analysis of qualitative data was used to study how five (5) teachers approached the ESSI provided during the two-part one-on-one interviews (for a total of 10 interviews). The first interview consisted of identifying the teachers’ initial conceptions of scientific expertise, the teaching of the theme being studied and the scientific expertise invested in the ESSI being studied. The second interview enabled the research to continue on the basis of mapping the various positions of the main experts and key players in this controversy. The resulting epistemological profiles revealed that, whenever the teachers were asked to describe their relationship to scientific expertise and the sciences in the context of a specific issue, they tended to value the position of certain experts rather than others, all the while assuming a more realistic view of sciences. Moreover, although the great majority of these teachers were readily willing to teach the ESSI, they however seemed to fall under various constraints (busy schedules, lack of resources…) that kept them from developing an effective approach for teaching them. In this way the results from the research were able to shed a rich and nuanced light on how teachers, when faced with having to teach a particular ESSI, were able to better grasp the role of scientific experts in governing how controversial issues are presented in society, as well as their own role in teaching ESSI.
Morin, Nathalie. "Le rapport à l'eau chez les cégépiens : représentations et agir." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4890/1/M12343.pdf.
Full textDiallo, Alpha Issaga Pallé. "Contribution à l'élaboration de stratégies prospectives pour saisir les incertitudes environnementales et territoriales : application au massif du Fouta-Djalon (Guinée)." Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4692/1/D2298.pdf.
Full textLacourse, Valérie. "Le rapport des femmes à la santé et à l'environnement dans la région du Lac Saint-Pierre : vers une éducation relative à la santé environnementale dans une perspective écoféministe." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1163/1/M10516.pdf.
Full textDansereau-Laberge, François Olivier. "Libéralisme et développement durable : un examen de leur compatibilité philosophique." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3836/1/M11939.pdf.
Full textBonnet-Polese, Isabelle. "Une étude exploratoire du vécu de travail des cadres à temps partiel : rôle de l'environnement immédiat de travail et du "hors travail"." Phd thesis, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00918312.
Full textLambert, Maude-Emmanuelle. "À travers le pare-brise : la création des territoires touristiques à l’ère de l’automobile (Québec et Ontario, 1920-1967)." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10353.
Full textThis thesis explores the different ways in which territory has historically been perceived, conceived and practiced through the experience and growth of mobility. It shows the crucial role that "automobility" played for touristic development in Quebec and Ontario and the ways it shaped parts of their territory. The present study examines the different measures adopted to promote tourism in newly developed regions and to both physically and symbolically transform these regions between 1920 and 1967. The thesis answers the following question: how and in which way has automobility transformed and created tourist regions? The period under study opens with the beginning of government intervention in the tourism industry through the creation of automobile-related infrastructure. The thesis carries its examination through the celebrations organised around the 100th anniversary of Canada and Expo 67 in Montreal, an event which led to large-scale territorial development necessary to accommodate an unprecedented number of automobiles from across Canada and the United States. This thesis first reconstitutes the processes involved in the creation of tourist regions: the conception, construction and promotion of the highway system; the implementation of itineraries and tourist routes; and the creation of useful tools that tourists might bring on their journey. It next examines beautification as a structuring element within the transformation of territories. Finally, advertising, travelogues and tourism practices are studied in detail in order to identify the mechanisms through which various actors contributed to fashioning representations of territories. This thesis reveals the close and complex ties that bound automobility, tourism and territorial modification as they developed during the 1920s. It helps to shed light on the historicity of certain approaches and orientations that remain current in the Canadian tourism industry, such as territorial development in terms of car accessibility. By showing the role that automobility played within the tourist experience, the present study adds to the developing understanding of the democratization of leisure. Often explained through higher standards of living as well as through the rise of leisure time and the spread within the working world of paid vacation, this democratization can also be explained through the greater accessibility of automobility, which, in turn, provided greater access to regions located further and further from urban areas. The recreational dimension of automobiling that was put forward early on in its history explains its rapid adoption by Canadians and other North Americans, as well as the dependence on cars that progressively spread through a large portion of the population.