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1

Bienvenu, P., H. Bougault, J. L. Joron, M. Treuil, and L. Dmitriev. "MORB alteration: Rare-earth element/non-rare-earth hygromagmaphile element fractionation." Chemical Geology 82 (1990): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90070-n.

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2

Preston, R. M. F. "Rare earth element geochemistry." Earth-Science Reviews 22, no. 3 (1985): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(85)90064-9.

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3

Middlemost, E. A. K. "Rare earth element geochemistry." Chemical Geology 48, no. 1-4 (1985): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90062-2.

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4

Mendéz, Camilo. "Rare (Earth) Elements." Revista Vórtex 2, no. 2 (2014): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33871/23179937.2014.2.2.468.

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Rare (Earth) Elements is a cycle of works for solo piano. The cycle was inspired by James Dillon's Book of Elements (Vol. I-V). The complete cycle will consist of 14 pieces; one for each selected rare (earth) element. The chosen elements are Neodymium, Erbium, Tellurium, Hafnium, Tantalum, Technetium, Indium, Dysprosium, Lanthanium, Cerium, Europium, Terbium, Yttrium and Darmstadtium. These elements were selected due to their special atomic properties that in many cases make them extremely valuable for the development of new technologies, and also because of their scarcity. To date, only 4 wor
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5

Chen, Wenxiang, Feng Zhou, Hongquan Wang, Sen Zhou, and Chunjie Yan. "The Occurrence States of Rare Earth Elements Bearing Phosphorite Ores and Rare Earth Enrichment Through the Selective Reverse Flotation." Minerals 9, no. 11 (2019): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9110698.

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The reserve of rare-earth element-bearing phosphorite ores in Guizhou province in western China is huge. Increased demand for the different products manufactured from rare-earth elements has resulted in an extreme need for reasonable and comprehensive extraction of rare-earth elements. An improved understanding of rare-earth element occurrence states in single minerals of ores is important for their further processing. In this paper, rare-earth element contents were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and the occurrence states in single minerals were further investigated through SEM-
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6

Hellman, Phillip L., and Robert K. Duncan. "Evaluating Rare Earth Element Deposits." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2018, no. 1 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2018abt4_3e.

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7

Alhassan, Abdullahi, and Mohammed Aljahdali. "Fractionation and Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in Marine Sediment and Bioavailability in Avicennia marina in Central Red Sea Mangrove Ecosystems." Plants 10, no. 6 (2021): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061233.

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Rare earth element fractionation and distribution in the coastal ecosystem have been of significant concern and are recognized worldwide as emerging micro-pollutants. However, unlike other metals such as trace elements, little is known about their uptake by aquatic plants such as the mangrove Avicennia marina, especially in the central Red Sea. We investigated the fractionation of rare earth elements in six mangrove ecosystems in the central Red Sea and bioavailability in mangrove A. marina. The concentrations of rare earth elements, sediment grain sizes, multi-elemental ratios, geo-accumulati
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8

Elsayed, Omnia, Nahla Abd El Ghaffar, Abdel Moneim Mahmoud, and Ismail Ismail. "Significant Enrichment of Rare Earth Element Concentrations in Stream Sediments of Sharm El-Sheikh Area, Southern Sinai-Egypt: Geochemical Prospecting and Heavy Mineral Survey." Iraqi Geological Journal 56, no. 1B (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1b.1ms-2023-2-9.

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Economic rare earth element bearing-heavy mineral accommodation in alluvial deposits (stream sediments) is a well-known process caused by varying rates of weathering and transportation of heavy minerals and sediments, which is significant in geochemical exploration. In the present work, stream sediment samples from Wadi Lethi, Sharm El-Sheikh, were systematically collected. The collected stream sediments were investigated mineralogically and geochemically using collaborative techniques. The separated heavy fractions have been analyzed for trace elements and Rare Earth Element. Important heavy
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9

Diatloff, E., C. J. Asher, and F. W. Smith. "Foliar application of rare earth elements to maize and mungbean." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 2 (1999): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98149.

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The foliar application of rare earth elements to plants has been reported to increase yields of a range of crops particularly when soils contain low levels of rare earth elements. A rare earth element fertiliser obtained from China was chemically analysed and found to contain 45.3% nitrate plus 8.7% lanthanum and 12.4% cerium; lanthanum and cerium were the most abundant rare earth elements measured. This fertiliser was applied once, as 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% (w/v) aqueous solutions to the foliage of 10-day-old maize (Zea mays L. cv. Hycorn 82) and 14-day-old mungbean [Vigna radiata
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10

Lv, Yan, Laijun Lu, and Mengxue Cao. "Tracing method of Rare Earth Elements in surrounding rock of geological formation based on three-dimensional positioning algorithm." Earth Sciences Research Journal 25, no. 1 (2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n1.93725.

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Because of the interference of mass spectrum and non-mass spectrum, the tracing accuracy of rare earth elements in the surrounding rock of geological formation is low. Pretreatment of test sample reagent, dissolution of test sample residue, characterization of rare earth element doped materials, analysis of mass spectrometry and non-mass spectrometry interference in rare earth element tracking, using three-dimensional positioning algorithm to track rare earth elements in geological strata surrounding rock. In the experiment, five samples of surrounding rock of geological strata are selected as
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11

Yesenchak, Rachel, Scott Montross, and Shikha Sharma. "Investigating Physicochemical Methods to Recover Rare-Earth Elements from Appalachian Coals." Minerals 14, no. 11 (2024): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14111106.

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The demand for rare-earth elements is expected to grow due to their use in critical technologies, including those used for clean energy generation. There is growing interest in developing unconventional rare-earth element resources, such as coal and coal byproducts, to help secure domestic supplies of these elements. Within the U.S., Appalachian Basin coals are particularly enriched in rare-earth elements, but recovery of the elements is often impeded by a resistant aluminosilicate matrix. This study explores the use of calcination and sodium carbonate roasting pre-treatments combined with dil
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12

Wu, Yu Cai, and Ming Yan. "The Application of Rare-Earth Element." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 3005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.3005.

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In this paper, the process of Cu-Ag contact wire with adding rare-earth elements was presented. The additive process of the rare-earth elements and the function of the rare earth were chiefly analyzed. Adding the rare-earth elements into melt alloy, the oxide and sulfur can be removed from the liquid, so we can get the purified alloy. At the same time, adding rare-earth can reduce the external crack flaws which produced during the casting and makes the grain refined, as the result, the properties of the Cu-Ag alloy contact wire can be greatly improved and meliorated. Such as the conductivity,
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13

Yesenchak, Rachel, Shikha Sharma, Christina Lopano, and Scott Montross. "Rare-Earth Element Phase Associations in Four West Virginia Coal Samples." Minerals 14, no. 4 (2024): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14040362.

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Rare-earth elements are critical components of technologies used in renewable energy, communication, transportation, and national defense. Securing supply chains by developing domestic rare-earth resources, including coal and coal byproducts, has become a national priority. With some of the largest coal reserves in the country, states within the Appalachian Basin can play a key role in supplying these elements. Understanding rare-earth element phase associations and the processes that lead to enrichment in these coals will inform resource prospecting and recovery techniques. This study used se
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14

Hanchar, John M., Robert J. Finch, Paul W. O. Hoskin, E. Bruce Watson, Daniele J. Cherniak, and Anthony N. Mariano. "Rare earth elements in synthetic zircon: Part 1. Synthesis, and rare earth element and phosphorus doping." American Mineralogist 86, no. 5-6 (2001): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2001-5-607.

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15

Verplanck, Philip L. "Rare Earth Element Resources: Indian Context." Economic Geology 115, no. 8 (2020): 1875–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.115.8.br01.

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16

KUWANO, YASUHIKO. "Laser materials ( rare earth element addition )." Review of Laser Engineering 21, no. 1 (1993): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.21.62.

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17

Hellman, P. L., and R. K. Duncan. "Evaluation of rare earth element deposits." Applied Earth Science 123, no. 2 (2014): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743275814y.0000000054.

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18

Cherniak, D. J. "Rare earth element diffusion in apatite." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64, no. 22 (2000): 3871–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00467-1.

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19

Kim, Paul, Gaurav Das, Malgorzata M. Lencka, Andre Anderko, and Richard E. Riman. "Rare Earth Element Recovery Using Monoethanolamine." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 29, no. 9 (2020): 5564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04887-7.

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20

Gupta, Dinesh. "Rare Earth Element Resources: Indian Context." Journal of the Geological Society of India 95, no. 6 (2020): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-020-1491-3.

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21

Byrne, Robert H., and Ki-Hyun Kim. "Rare earth element scavenging in seawater." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54, no. 10 (1990): 2645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90002-3.

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22

Andrienko, I. V., I. A. Murav'eva, L. I. Martynenko, and V. I. Spitsyn. "Acetylacetoniminates of rare earth element chlorides." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Division of Chemical Science 37, no. 2 (1988): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00957407.

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23

Karasev, V. E., A. G. Mirochnik, T. V. Lysun, and V. N. Kovalenko. "Photostability of rare-earth element hexafluoroacetylacetonates." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Division of Chemical Science 38, no. 9 (1989): 1814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00957768.

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24

Paderno, Y., N. Shitsevalova, I. Batko, et al. "Transition and rare earth element dodecaborides." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 219, no. 1-2 (1995): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)05070-8.

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25

Roberts, Natalie L., Alexander M. Piotrowski, Henry Elderfield, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Michael W. Lomas. "Rare earth element association with foraminifera." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 94 (October 2012): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.07.009.

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26

Rueck-Braun, Karola. "ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth Element Catalysts." ChemInform 30, no. 4 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199904276.

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27

Dostal, Jaroslav, and Ochir Gerel. "Rare Earth Element Deposits in Mongolia." Minerals 13, no. 1 (2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13010129.

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In Mongolia, rare earth element (REE) mineralization of economic significance is related either to the Mesozoic carbonatites or to the Paleozoic peralkaline granitoid rocks. Carbonatites occur as part of alkaline silicate-carbonatite complexes, which are composed mainly of nepheline syenites and equivalent volcanic rocks. The complexes were emplaced in the Gobi-Tien Shan rift zone in southern Mongolia where carbonatites usually form dikes, plugs or intruded into brecciated rocks. In mineralized carbonatites, REE occur mainly as fluorocarbonates (bastnäsite, synchysite, parisite) and apatite. A
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28

Jumaniyozov, D. I., A. M. Musayev, and S. Y. Nematullayev. "Geochemical Criteria Of Ore Content Of Metasomatites Of The Urtalik Deposit (North Nuratau)." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 2, no. 09 (2020): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue09-12.

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On the studied site of the Urtalik ore deposit, rare, rare-earth and polymetallic mineralization is shown. Rare elements zirconium and niobium can have restite character which gets a steady state at the recrystallization of ore-bearing minerals. At the same time a rare element zirconium and a rare-earth element ytterbium selectively concentrate in the zircon and apatite respectively.
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29

Hubicki, Z., and M. Olszak. "Studies of the Sorption of Rare Earth Element Nitrate Complexes in the C2H5OH–HNO3 System on the Strongly Basic Anion Exchanger Wofatit SBW." Adsorption Science & Technology 16, no. 6 (1998): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749801600606.

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The possibility of removing rare earth element(III) nitrate complexes selectively from the 90% v/v C2H5OH–10% v/v 7 M HNO3 system on Wofatit SBW × 6% DVB was examined. Weight and bed distribution coefficients were determined from the breakthrough curves of individual rare earth elements. Based on these, the affinity series of rare earth element nitrate complexes in this system was determined. The effect of crosslinking the anion exchanger Wofatit SBW × 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 12% and 16% DVB on the sorption of rare earth element nitrate complexes in the 90% v/v C2H5OH–10% v/v 7 M HNO3 system was also
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30

García, Adrián Carrillo, Mohammad Latifi, Ahmadreza Amini, and Jamal Chaouki. "Separation of Radioactive Elements from Rare Earth Element-Bearing Minerals." Metals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111524.

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Rare earth elements (REE), originally found in various low-grade deposits in the form of different minerals, are associated with gangues that have similar physicochemical properties. However, the production of REE is attractive due to their numerous applications in advanced materials and new technologies. The presence of the radioactive elements, thorium and uranium, in the REE deposits, is a production challenge. Their separation is crucial to gaining a product with minimum radioactivity in the downstream processes, and to mitigate the environmental and safety issues. In the present study, di
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31

Gann, Zachary. "The Hubbert Curve and Rare Earth Elements Production." International Review of Business and Economics 2, no. 2 (2018): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.4.

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This paper intends to apply the Hubbert curve to the production of rare earth elements by the United States, China, and total global production. The goal of this research is to see if the production of rare earth elements follows the predicted production forecasted by the Hubbert curve and to observe if the curve can create usable predictions of future production. Global demand for rare earth elements has drastically increased in the modern era due to their unique properties. Global production has increased as well to meet this increased demand. Rare earth elements are a collection of seventee
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32

Serrano, Genesis, Jonathan Fortt, Juan Castro-Severyn, et al. "Physiological Performance and Biosorption Capacity of Exiguobacterium sp. SH31 Isolated from Poly-Extreme Salar de Huasco in the Chilean Altiplano: A Study on Rare-Earth Element Tolerance." Processes 12, no. 1 (2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12010047.

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Rare-earth elements (REEs) are crucial metals with limited global availability due to their indispensable role in various high-tech industries. As the demand for rare-earth elements continues to rise, there is a pressing need to develop sustainable methods for their recovery from secondary sources. Focusing on Exiguobacterium sp. SH31, this research investigates the impact of La, Eu, Gd, and Sm on its physiological performance and biosorption capacity. Tolerance was assessed at pHpzc from 7 to 8 with up to 1 mM rare-earth element concentrations. This study visualized the production of extracel
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33

Ershov, V. V., E. V. Elovskiy, and I. N. Puzich. "Characteristic of rare-earth element distributions in mud volcanic waters." Доклады Академии наук 488, no. 1 (2019): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5652488171-73.

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The original results on the distribution of rare-earth elements in the waters of mud volcanoes in Sakhalin Island, Taman Peninsula and Azerbaijan are presented. It has been shown that mud volcanic waters with total content of rare-earth elements less than 0.5 mcg/l are enriched with heavy lanthanides and characterized by a deficiency for Cerium. The Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk mud volcano demonstrates higher rare-earth element content in active griffons according to our study.
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34

Yin, Na, Cai Liang Jing, Hai Bo Li, Ren Sheng Chu, and Bin Chen. "Effect of Rare Earth Elements on the Inclusion Behavior in Low Alloy Structural Steel." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.364.

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In this paper, the effect of rare earth elements on the behavior of inclusions for low-alloy structural steel production was studied. The results showed that adding rare earth elements after different refining processes had a great impact on the results: (1) When adding rare earth elements after the LF furnace process, the alloy yield was low, and the rare earth inclusions was rare, the pure and coexisted inclusions of rare earth (La & Ce) were found; (2) While added after the RH furnace process, the alloy yield and the amount of rare earth inclusions increased greatly, but only coexisted
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35

Xu, Fangping, Jun Chen, and Jianyong Zhu. "Prediction of Pr/Nd Element Content Based on One-Dimensional Convolution with Multi-Residual Attention Blocks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (2023): 11086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131911086.

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Insufficient color feature extraction can lead to poor prediction performance in rare earth element composition estimation. To address this issue, we propose a one-dimensional convolutional method for predicting rare earth element composition. First, images of rare earth element solutions, color space features (HSV and YUV), and spatial texture features are extracted. Because the trend of rare earth element composition is closely related to the extraction stage, we select the corresponding extraction stage of the image as a key feature. A feature selection technique based on Random Forest Recu
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36

Vind, Johannes, Annelies Malfliet, Bart Blanpain, et al. "Rare Earth Element Phases in Bauxite Residue." Minerals 8, no. 2 (2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8020077.

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37

Misiorek, H., J. Mucha, A. Jezowski, Y. Paderno, and N. Shitsevalova. "Thermal conductivity of rare-earth element dodecaborides." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 7, no. 47 (1995): 8927–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/7/47/013.

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38

Brzyska, W., and W. Ożga. "Thermal decomposition of rare earth element enanthates." Journal of Thermal Analysis 41, no. 4 (1994): 849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02547164.

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39

Ewa, I. O. B., S. B. Elegba, and J. Adetunji. "Rare earth element patterns in Nigerian coals." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 213, no. 3 (1996): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02165693.

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40

Michard, Annie. "Rare earth element systematics in hydrothermal fluids." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, no. 3 (1989): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90017-3.

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41

Cherniak, Daniele J., and Yan Liang. "Rare earth element diffusion in natural enstatite." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71, no. 5 (2007): 1324–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.12.001.

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42

Zaitzeva, Irina G., Nataliya P. Kuzmina, and Larissa I. Martynenko. "The volatile rare earth element tetrakis-acetylacetonates." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 225, no. 1-2 (1995): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)07126-8.

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43

Ireland, T. R., J. N. Ávila, M. Lugaro, et al. "Rare earth element abundances in presolar SiC." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 221 (January 2018): 200–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.05.027.

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44

Yin, Xiangbo, Lee Ping Ang, and Zi Yuan Chang. "Rare earth element mining threatens Malaysia’s biodiversity." Science 384, no. 6701 (2024): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adp2846.

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45

Zhang, Hui, Jia Feng, Weifang Zhu, et al. "Rare-Earth Element Distribution Characteristics of Biological Chains in Rare-Earth Element-High Background Regions and Their Implications." Biological Trace Element Research 73, no. 1 (2000): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/bter:73:1:19.

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46

Gao, Shutang, Xifeng Wei, Qichi Le, et al. "Magnesium alloys strengthened with a combination of light rare earth element Ce and heavy rare earth element Y." Materials Today Communications 43 (February 2025): 111682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.111682.

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47

Yingnakorn, Tanongsak, Piamsak Laokhen, Loeslakkhana Sriklang, Tapany Patcharawit, and Sakhob Khumkoa. "Study on Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from NdFeB Magnet Scrap by Using Selective Leaching." Materials Science Forum 1009 (August 2020): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1009.149.

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High power neodymium magnets have been used extensively, such as components of hard disk drives, electric vehicles, and maglev trains. This type of magnet contains of high concentration of rare earth elements. After the device is out of service, the magnet will be removed and the rare earth element contained in the magnet will be extracted in order to reuse for any purposes. Recently, the study on extraction of rare earth elements (REE) from neodymium magnets is increased. However, there was only few research regarding to the extraction of rare earth metals by using a water leaching method. In
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48

Lawrence, Michael G., Stacy D. Jupiter, and Balz S. Kamber. "Aquatic geochemistry of the rare earth elements and yttrium in the Pioneer River catchment, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 7 (2006): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05229.

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The rare earth elements are strong provenance indicators in geological materials, yet the potential for tracing provinciality in surface freshwater samples has not been adequately tested. Rare earth element and yttrium concentrations were measured at 33 locations in the Pioneer River catchment, Mackay, central Queensland, Australia. The rare earth element patterns were compared on the basis of geological, topographical and land-use features in order to investigate the provenancing potential of these elements in a small freshwater system. The rare earth element patterns of streams draining sing
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49

Bosheng, Pan, Zhou Zhixiang, Du Hengyi, et al. "Adsorption Equilibrium and Adsorption Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Coal Rocks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2350, no. 1 (2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2350/1/012009.

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Abstract The adsorption pattern and mechanism of rare earth elements on coal reservoirs are still unclear, leading to difficulties in the application of rare earth elements in monitoring the fracturing effect of coal reservoirs. Through indoor adsorption experiments, the adsorption equilibrium and adsorption kinetics of rare earth elements Nd, Y and La on coal rocks were studied to simulate the adsorption of rare earth elements tracers on coal reservoirs and to explore the adsorption pattern of rare earth elements on coal rocks under different initial concentrations of rare earth elements, dif
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50

Chen, Lan Li, Hong Duo Hu, and Zhi Hua Xiong. "Electronic Properties of Zno Doped by Rare-Earth Elements from First-Principles." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.623.

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We perform first-principles calculations to investigate the band structure and density of states of rare-elements doped ZnO. The calculated results show that the shapes of band structures for ZnO by rare-element doping are similar. And the rare-elements incorporation has a little influence on the band gap of the doping system under our considered doping concentration, but after doping, the Fermi level goes into the conduction band, and the electrons from the conduction band minimum to the Fermi level are increasing after rare-earth doping, which means that rare-element doping can change the el
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