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Journal articles on the topic 'Rare earth metals (REMs)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Archana, Kumari, Kumar Jha Manis, Hait Jhumki, Kumar Sahu Sushanta, and Kumar Vinay. "Processing of Korean monazite concentrate for the recovery of rare earth metals (REMs)." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 90, Nov 2013 (2013): 2105–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792633.

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Metal Extraction and Forming Division, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007, Jharkhand, India <em>E-mail</em>: mkjha@nmlindia.org     Fax : 91-657-2345213 Rare earths metals (REMs) have gained immense awareness due to their inimitable properties and wide range of applications. REMs are naturally present in minerals like monazite, bastnasite, apatite, etc. The present work is focused on comparative study for the recovery of REMs from original Korean monazite and dephosphorized monazite by acid treatment. Direct leaching of original sample using dilute HCI at elev

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2

Chanturia, V. A., A. I. Nikolaev, and T. N. Aleksandrova. "Innovative Environmentally Safe Processes for the Extraction of Rare and Rare-Earth Elements from Complex Ores of Perplexed Material Composition." Geology of Ore Deposits 65, no. 5 (2023): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1075701523050045.

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Abstract Domestic and world tendencies of involvement in the processing of ores of rare metals (RMs) and rare-earth metals (REMs) are shown. It is shown that the main direction of innovative activity is the development and application of modern breakthrough technologies for complex processing of mineral raw materials with the production of high-quality products while minimizing environmental damage. The main deposits of rare and rare-earth metals are systematized from the standpoint of the content of the main components, concentrator minerals and the main enrichment methods. The main principal

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3

Lin, Peijia, Xinbo Yang, Joshua M. Werner, and Rick Q. Honaker. "Application of Eh-pH Diagrams on Acid Leaching Systems for the Recovery of REEs from Bastnaesite, Monazite and Xenotime." Metals 11, no. 5 (2021): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050734.

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Bastnaesite, monazite and xenotime are rare earth minerals (REMs) that are typical sources for rare earth elements (REEs). To advance the understanding of their leaching and precipitation behavior in different hydrometallurgical processes, Eh-pH diagrams were constructed and modified using the HSC 9.9 software. The aqueous stability of rare earth elements in H2O and acid leaching systems, i.e., the REE-Ligands-H2O systems, were depicted and studied based on the Eh-pH diagrams. This study considers the most relevant lixiviants, their resulting equilibrium states and the importance in the hydrom

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4

Regulska, Elzbieta, Joanna Breczko, Anna Basa, and Alina Teresa Dubis. "Rare-Earth Metals-Doped Nickel Aluminate Spinels for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (2020): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091003.

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Visible-light-activated photocatalysts based on samarium-doped, europium-doped, and gadolinium-doped nickel aluminates (SmNA, EuNA, GdNA) were synthesized. The spinel crystalline structures of the doped mixed metal oxides were demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The presence of the rare-earth metals (REMs) was confirmed by the energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) studies. Ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectra revealed that the REMs-doped catalysts absorb in the full solar spectrum range covering both visible and near infrared w

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5

Sharaf, Maha, Wataru Yoshida, Fukiko Kubota, Spas D. Kolev, and Masahiro Goto. "A polymer inclusion membrane composed of the binary carrier PC-88A and Versatic 10 for the selective separation and recovery of Sc." RSC Advances 8, no. 16 (2018): 8631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12697b.

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6

Jha, Manis, Pankaj Choubey, Om Dinkar, et al. "Recovery of Rare Earth Metals (REMs) from Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries of Electric Vehicles." Minerals 12, no. 1 (2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010034.

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Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are extensively used in the manufacturing of portable electronic devices as well as electric vehicles due to their specific properties including high energy density, precise volume, resistance to overcharge, etc. These NiMH batteries contain significant amounts of rare earth metals (REMs) along with Co and Ni which are discarded due to illegal dumping and improper recycling practices. In view of their strategic, economic, and industrial importance, and to mitigate the demand and supply gap of REMs and the limited availability of natural resources, it is ne

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7

Lin, Cun, Takashi Kadono, Kazuharu Yoshizuka, Takuya Furuichi, and Tomonori Kawano. "Effects of Fifteen Rare-Earth Metals on Ca2+ Influx in Tobacco Cells." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, no. 1-2 (2006): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-1-214.

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Abstract Effects of naturally existing rare-earth metals (REMs; atomic numbers, 39, 57D60, 62D71; Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu), added as chloride salts, on Ca2+ influx induced by two different stimuli, namely hypoosmotic shock and hydrogen peroxide, were examined in a suspension-cultured transgenic cell line of BY-2 tobacco cells expressing aequorin, a Ca2+-sensitive luminescent protein in cytosol. Most REM salts used here showed inhibitory effect against Ca2+ influx. Especially NdCl3, SmCl3, EuCl3, GdCl3 and TbCl3 showed the most robust inhibitory action. In c

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8

Panda, Rekha, Archana Kumari, Manis Kumar Jha, et al. "Leaching of rare earth metals (REMs) from Korean monazite concentrate." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 20, no. 4 (2014): 2035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.028.

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9

Choubey, Pankaj Kumar, Nityanand Singh, Rekha Panda, et al. "Development of Hydrometallurgical Process for Recovery of Rare Earth Metals (Nd, Pr, and Dy) from Nd-Fe-B Magnets." Metals 11, no. 12 (2021): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11121987.

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Non-availability of rich primary resources of rare earth metals (REMs) and the generation of huge amounts of discarded magnets containing REMs, compelled the researchers to explore the possibilities for the recovery of REMs from discarded magnets. Therefore, the present paper reports the recovery of REMs (Nd, Pr, and Dy) from discarded Nd-Fe-B magnets. The process consists of demagnetization, pre-treatment, and hydrometallurgical processing to recover REMs as salt. Leaching studies indicate that 95.5% Nd, 99.9% Pr, and 99.9% Dy were found to be dissolved at the optimized experimental condition

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10

Oladipo, Habeebullah Jayeola, Yusuf Amuda Tajudeen, Emmanuel O. Taiwo, et al. "Global Environmental Health Impacts of Rare Earth Metals: Insights for Research and Policy Making in Africa." Challenges 14, no. 2 (2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe14020020.

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The rise of globalization and industrialization has driven the demand for rare earth metals (REMs). These metals are widely used in various sectors of the global economy with various applications in medicine, renewable energy, electronics, agriculture, and the military. REMs are likely to remain an important part of our global future, and, as production increases, areas contaminated by REMs are expected to expand over the coming decades. Thus, triggering significant adverse environmental, animal, and human health impacts. Despite increased attention on REMs outside China in recent years, there

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11

Anisyabana, Ninda, Anni Anggraeni, Uji Pratomo, and Riska Anbar Fadiyah. "Effect of Different Types of Extractants in the Separation of Rare Earth Metals using Emulsion Liquid Membrane Method: A Review." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 10, no. 2 (2021): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2021.v10.i2.pp105-118.

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Rare Earth Metals (REMs) are minerals which needed in modern technology because it has unique chemical, catalytic, electrical and paramagnetic properties, so REMs have the potential to be applied in various fields. The similarity in the physical and chemical properties of REMs causes them to be difficult to separate from their parent minerals. Emulsion Liquid Membrane is an effective and efficient method for REMs purification and separation because in practice it only requires a small amount of solvent, the diffusion rate and mass transfer are high, fast, and simultaneous compared to the solve

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12

Lee, Young-Chul, Arunkumar Rengaraj, Taegong Ryu, et al. "Adsorption of rare earth metals (Sr2+ and La3+) from aqueous solution by Mg-aminoclay–humic acid [MgAC–HA] complexes in batch mode." RSC Advances 6, no. 2 (2016): 1324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra20523a.

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The recoveries of Sr<sup>2+</sup> and La<sup>3+</sup> as rare earth metals (REMs) were studied using Mg-aminoclay–humic acid [MgAC–HA] complexes prepared by self-assembled precipitation, i.e., [HA] intercalation into layered [MgAC].

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13

Solovyova, Victoria, and Alina Cherepovitsyna. "Prospective industrial complexes in the Russian Arctic: focus on rare-earth metals." E3S Web of Conferences 378 (2023): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337806005.

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At present, issues related to the development of rare-earth metal industrial complexes are becoming particularly relevant for Russia. Rare-earth metals (REMs) play a vital role in high technology. Therefore, success in technological progress largely depends on the availability of these metals. However, the country’s position remains uncertain – on the one hand, Russia possesses huge REM reserves, on the other hand, they are not exploited, and the existing level of import dependence of metals on supplies from foreign countries exceeds 80%. The main national REM reserves are in the Arctic region

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14

Umarova, Tatyana. "Influence of Microalloying (Including Rare-Earth Metals) on the Phase Composition and Properties of Aluminum Alloys." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.331.

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In connection with the search for new materials and the more extensive use of metals and alloys with special physical and chemical properties, rare-earth metals (REMs) are attracting increasing interest not only as alloying additives but also as the main components of structural materials. The Al-Fe alloys are of great practical interest, and the purpose of this work was to study the influence of microalloying by REMs on the mechanical and acoustic damping properties of Al-Fe alloys. REMs were selected as alloying components because of their properties and their widespread use in improving the

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15

Kumari, Archana, Sunidhi Singh, Kavita Parmar, Devendra Deo Pathak, and Manis Kumar Jha. "Treatment of monazite processed effluent to recover rare earth metals (REMs)." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 83 (March 2020): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.12.015.

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16

Gimaev, Radel R., Aleksei S. Komlev, Andrei S. Davydov, Boris B. Kovalev, and Vladimir I. Zverev. "Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Heavy Lanthanides (Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Ho, Tm)." Crystals 11, no. 2 (2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020082.

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Rare earth metals (REM) occupy a special and important place in our lives. This became especially noticeable during the rapid development of industry in the industrial era of the twentieth century. The tendency of development of the rare-earth metals market certainly remains in the XXI century. According to experts estimates the industry demand for chemical compounds based on them will tend to grow during the nearest years until it reaches the market balance. At the same time, the practical use of high-purity rare-earth metals requires the most accurate understanding of the physical properties

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17

Marion, Christopher, Justin Paris, Tassos Grammatikopoulos, et al. "Physical Separations for Rare-Earth Beneficiation of the Nechalacho Deposit." Minerals 13, no. 12 (2023): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13121521.

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The rare-earth elements (REEs) are strategic metals which are indispensable to the development of modern defence systems, electronic applications, and green technologies. The growing economic and strategic importance of these sectors, coupled with uncertainty in the global supply, has led to the development of many new deposits around the world. Many of these deposits, such as the Nechalacho deposit, are complex and contain multiple rare-earth element-bearing minerals (REMs) for which there is limited processing knowledge. This study explores a physical-separations-based flowsheet to beneficia

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18

Kryukov, V. A., V. A. Yatsenko, and Ya V. Kryukov. "Rare Earth Industry – How to Take Advantage of Opportunities." Mining Industry (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 5/2020 (October 20, 2020): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2020-5-68-84.

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The article analyzes the features of the formation and development of the industry associated with the extraction and processing of rare earth metals (REM). REM are widely used in modern high-tech devices and products. A distinctive feature of REMs is the integration of their extraction and production into global chains. At present, China has a dominant position in the REM supply market. This situation is a consequence of state policy, which includes a wide range of support and lobbying measures. Russia has one of the largest potential for the extraction and production of rare earth metals, bu

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19

Kryukov, V. A., O. V. Zhdaneev, V. A. Yatsenko, and K. N. Frolov. "Permanent neodymium magnets in the Russian wind power industry." Вестник Российской академии наук 93, no. 5 (2023): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869587323050067.

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This article is devoted to the problems of wind energy in Russia. One of the key issues in the development of wind energy in our country is the uninterrupted supply of permanent neodymium magnets and raw materials for their manufacture to wind generator manufacturers. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, several enterprises with the necessary competencies and technological equipment to produce magnets based on rare earth metals (REMs) survived in the country. However, the problem is that Russia does not have a complete production chain to the level of oxides, as well as individual rare eart

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20

Ponomareva, Maria, Olga Cheremisina, Yulia Mashukova, and Elena Lukyantseva. "Increasing the efficiency of rare earth metal recovery from technological solutions during processing of apatite raw materials." Записки Горного института 252 (December 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.6.13.

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The issues of complex processing of mineral resources are relevant due to the depletion of available raw materials. So, it is necessary to involve technological waste, generated during the processing of raw materials, to obtain valuable components. In the process flow of apatite concentrate treatment using the sulfuric acid method, a large amount of phosphogypsum is produced with an average content of light rare earth metals (REMs) reaching 0.032-0.45 %. When phosphogypsum is treated with sulfuric acid solutions, a part of REMs is transferred to the sulfate solution, from which it can be extra

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21

Jiang, Wei, Jilai Xue, Kaixi Jiang, et al. "Recovery of Valuable Metals from Polymetallic Refractory Concentrate by a Sulfuric Acid Curing and Leaching Method." Separations 11, no. 1 (2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11010007.

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Sulfuric acid curing and leaching is a promising technology for treating refractory ores. In this work, a refractory concentrate containing 3191 ppm uranium (U), 2135 ppm niobium (Nb), and 0.7% rare earth minerals (REMs) went through two stages: curing by high-concentration H2SO4 and leaching by low-concentration H2SO4. We investigated the behavior of those valuable metals during the two stages. For both curing and leaching, the operating parameters include the acid-to-solid ratio, time, temperature, and H2SO4 concentration. The recovery for U, Nb, and REMs was as high as 95%, 86%, and 73.5% u

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22

Panda, Rekha, Manis Kumar Jha, Jhumki Hait, Girendra Kumar, Ram Janam Singh, and Kyoungkeun Yoo. "Extraction of lanthanum and neodymium from leach liquor containing rare earth metals (REMs)." Hydrometallurgy 165 (October 2016): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.10.019.

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23

Kumari, Archana, Rukshana Parween, Sanchita Chakravarty, et al. "Novel approach to recover rare earth metals (REMs) from Indian coal bottom ash." Hydrometallurgy 187 (August 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.04.024.

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24

Kumari, Archana, Manis Kumar Jha, Kyoungkeun Yoo, et al. "Advanced process to dephosphorize monazite for effective leaching of rare earth metals (REMs)." Hydrometallurgy 187 (August 2019): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.05.013.

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25

Ahn, Nak-Kyoon, Basudev Swain, Hyun-Woo Shim, and Dae-Weon Kim. "Recovery of Rare Earth Oxide from Waste NiMH Batteries by Simple Wet Chemical Valorization Process." Metals 9, no. 11 (2019): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111151.

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Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries contain a significant amount of rare earth metals (REMs) such as Ce, La, and Nd, which are critical to the supply chain. Recovery of these metals from waste NiMH batteries can be a potential secondary resource for REMs. In our current REM recovery process, REM oxide from waste NiMH batteries was recovered by a simple wet chemical valorization process. The process followed the chemical metallurgy process to recover REM oxides and included the following stages: (1) H2SO4 leaching; (2) selective separation of REM as sulfate salt from Ni/Co sulfate solution; (

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26

Giacalone, Joseph A. "The Market For The "Not-So-Rare" Rare Earth Elements." Journal of International Energy Policy (JIEP) 1, no. 1 (2012): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jiep.v1i1.7013.

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This paper examines the market for the Rare earth elements. These are comprised of 17 elements of the periodic table which include 15 elements from the group known as lanthanides and two additional elements known as scandium and yttrium. The metals are often found combined together in ores and must be separated into its individual elements. The fact is that rare earth metals are not rare in terms of the quantity present in the earths crust. However, the metals are less concentrated than other more common metals and the extraction and separation processes necessitate high research and developme

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27

Jonšta, Petr, Zdeněk Jonšta, Silvie Brožová, Manuela Ingaldi, Jacek Pietraszek, and Dorota Klimecka-Tatar. "The Effect of Rare Earth Metals Alloying on the Internal Quality of Industrially Produced Heavy Steel Forgings." Materials 14, no. 18 (2021): 5160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185160.

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The paper presented the findings obtained by industrial research and experimental development on the use of rare earth metals (REMs) in the production of heavy steel ingots and their impact on the internal quality of the 42CrMo4 grade steel forging. REMs alloying was carried out after vacuuming the steel. A relatively large melting loss of cerium (about 50%) and its further decrease in casting due to reoxidation were observed. Refinement of structure and better mechanical properties of forged bar containing about 0.02 wt.% of Ce compared to that of the standard production were not achieved. Th

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28

Karshigina, Zaure, Zinesh Abisheva, Yelena Bochevskaya, et al. "Recovery of rare earth metals (REMs) from primary raw material: sulphatization-leaching-precipitation-extraction." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 39, no. 5 (2018): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2018.1434778.

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29

Giacalone, Joseph A., and Genai Greenidge. "China, The World Trade Organization, And The Market For Rare Earth Minerals." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 3 (2013): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i3.7669.

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Rare earth elements (also referred to as rare earth minerals, rare earth metals, green elements, rare earths or simply REEs) are comprised of 17 elements of the periodic table. The metals are often found combined together in ores and must be separated into its individual elements. On the supply side of the market, China is currently the largest producer of rare earth elements in the world, mining at least 90% of total world production. Consequently, many countries around the world rely on imports of these REEs to facilitate production of the various systems and products that are dependent on t

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30

Kumari, Archana, Rekha Panda, Jin Young Lee, Thenepalli Thriveni, Manis Kumar Jha, and Devendra Deo Pathak. "Extraction of rare earth metals (REMs) from chloride medium by organo-metallic complexation using D2EHPA." Separation and Purification Technology 227 (November 2019): 115680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115680.

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31

Parveg, A. S. M. Sazzad, Ramin Ordikhani-Seyedlar, Tejasvi Sharma, Scott K. Shaw, and Albert Ratner. "A Recycling Pathway for Rare Earth Metals (REMs) from E-Waste through Co-Gasification with Biomass." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 9141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239141.

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This manuscript investigates an improvised gasification process for capturing and recycling rare earth metals (REMs) from consumer and industrial electronic wastes, often termed “e-waste”. The proposed procedure is based on the formation of coalesced and aggregated metal nodules on biochar surfaces through the gasification of e-waste mixed with gasifier feedstocks. A preliminary understanding of metal nodule formation based on different atmospheric conditions (inert, oxidizing, and oxidizing followed by reducing atmospheres) was examined in both pilot-scale gasifier and tube furnace experiment

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32

Ohto, Keisuke, Hiromasa Murashima, Hiroshi Murakami, et al. "New Trident Molecule with Phosphoric Acid Functionality for Trivalent Rare Earth Extraction." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 17, no. 3 (2017): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.26880.

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Tripodal extraction reagent with three phosphoric acid groups, together with the corresponding monopodal molecule has been prepared to investigate some metals extraction behavior, in particular, trivalent rare earth elements (REEs). The tripodal reagent exhibited extremely high selectivity for metals with high valency such as Zr(IV), In(III), Lu(III), and Fe(III). Tripodal reagent also exhibited exceptionally high extraction ability compared with the corresponding monopodal one in the extraction of trivalent rare earths. The result for the stoichiometry of tripodal reagent to heavy rare earths

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Kastori, Rudolf, Marina Putnik-Delić, and Ivana Maksimović. "Rare Earth Elements, Microorganisms, and Control of Plant Diseases." Contemporary Agriculture 73, no. 3-4 (2024): 228–37. https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2024-0028.

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Summary Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of trace metals relatively abundant in the Earth’s crust. REEs are widely dispersed in small concentrations throughout the environment. These elements demonstrate similar physical and chemical properties. REEs have been widely used in various areas of industry, agriculture and medicine. China was the first country to commercially apply REE products as micro-fertilizers or growth simulators in agriculture. Although REEs are not essential for living organisms, they can influence their life processes. Results of recent investigations demonstrate that

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34

Kastori, Rudolf, Marina Putnik-Delić, and Ivana Maksimović. "Rare earth elements application in agriculture." Acta agriculturae Serbica 28, no. 56 (2023): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/aaser2356087k.

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Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of chemical elements that include lanthanides as well as scandium and yttrium. Today REEs are used in various industries, such as agriculture where they are used as micro fertilizers and feed additives, the latter being used in medicine as well. There is no indication that REEs might be essential for any form of life. At lower concentrations, they can favorably influence certain physiological processes of plants (enzyme activity, hormone content, photosynthesis, seed germination, plant growth, etc.). They may induce an increase in some antioxidant systems

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35

Ackland, Graeme J., Con Healy, Sascha Koch, Florian Brunke, and Carsten Siemers. "Shear Melting and High Temperature Embrittlement: Theory and Application to Machining Titanium." MRS Advances 1, no. 35 (2016): 2477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.502.

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ABSTRACTWe show that alloying with rare earth metals (REMs) can dramatically improve the machineability of a range of titanium alloys, even though the REM is not incorporated in the alloy matrix. The mechanism for this is that under cutting, shear bands are formed within which the nano-precipitates of REM are shear mixed. This lowers the melting point such that the mechanism of deformation changes from dislocation mechanism to localised amorphisation and shear softening. The material then fractures along the thin, amorphous shear-band. Outside the shear band, the REM remains as precipitates. T

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Cheremisina, Olga V., Maria A. Ponomareva, Yulia A. Mashukova, Nina A. Nasonova, and Maria D. Burtseva. "Thermodynamic Characteristics of the Ion-Exchange Process Involving REMs of the Light Group." Separations 12, no. 7 (2025): 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12070177.

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Rare earth metals (REMs) are vital for high-tech industries, but their extraction from secondary sources is challenging due to environmental and technical constraints. This study investigates the ion-exchange extraction of light REMs (neodymium, praseodymium, and samarium) from sulfuric and phosphoric acid solutions, modeling industrial leachates from apatite concentrates and phosphogypsum. The study considers the use of anion- and cation-exchange resins with different functional groups for efficient and environmentally safe REM separation. Experimental sorption isotherms were obtained under s

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37

Kumari, Archana, Rekha Panda, Manis Kumar Jha, Jin Young Lee, J. Rajesh Kumar, and Vinay Kumar. "Thermal treatment for the separation of phosphate and recovery of rare earth metals (REMs) from Korean monazite." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 21 (January 2015): 696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.03.039.

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38

Mikhailov, G. G., L. A. Makrovets, and L. A. Smirnov. "THERMODYNAMICS OF THE PROCESSES OF INTERACTION OF LIQUID METAL COMPONENTS IN Fe – Mg – Al – La – O SYSTEM." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 6 (2018): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-6-460-465.

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At the present time, rare-earth elements in metallurgy are used in the form of mischmetal – a rare-earth elements natural mixture (with atomic numbers from 57 to 71). It contains about 50 wt. % of cerium. The remaining elements are mainly lanthanum and niobium. The specific composition is determined by the ore deposit. Inconstant composition of the modifier containing rare-earth metals (REM) can significantly reduce its efficiency. Experimentally, for every branded steels composition the ratio of various REMs can’t be selected because of the high costs of obtaining technically pure rare-earth

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Butler, Rachel, Deepak Pudasainee, Monir Khan, and Rajender Gupta. "Analyzing the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Trace Metals in Tailings." Alberta Academic Review 2, no. 2 (2019): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar54.

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In the process of producing bitumen from oil sand, a by-product called tailings is produced. Tailings are a mixture of clay, fine particles, water, solvent and residual bitumen. The industry’s current approach is to leave them in tailings ponds; however, that may cause environmental impacts to the ecosystems around them due in part to the toxic trace metals found in them. Research has shown that there are also valuable rare Earth elements (REEs) present in tailings. REEs found in tailings include Cerium, Neodymium, Lanthanum etc. Iron, Titanium, and Zirconium are not considered REEs but are st

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Skotnicova, Katerina, Pavel A. Prokofev, Natalia B. Kolchugina, et al. "Application of a Dy3Co0.6Cu0.4Hx Addition for Controlling the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Sintered Nd-Fe-B Magnets." Materials 12, no. 24 (2019): 4235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244235.

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The focus of new technologies on the formation of inhomogeneous distributions of heavy rare-earth metals (REMs) in hard magnetic Nd–Fe–B materials is of scientific importance to increase their functional properties, along with preserving existing sources of heavy REMs. This paper focused on the coercivity enhancement of Nd2Fe14B-based magnets by optimizing the microstructure, which includes the processes of grain boundary structuring via the application of a Dy3Co0.6Cu0.4Hx alloy added to the initial Nd–Fe–B-based powder mixtures in the course of their mechanical activation. We have studied th

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Koltun, Paul, and Ambalavanar Tharumarajah. "LCA Study of Rare Earth Metals for Magnesium Alloy Applications." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.803.

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High strength properties combined with low density has made magnesium alloys a highly attractive structural material, in particular where weight savings is of concern. In air and ground transport these alloys are used as alternative material in place of heavier ferrous or aluminium alloys. In this respect, much research has been directed at developing and deploying superior magnesium alloys using rare earth elements (REEs), an example the Mg-RE (Ce, Y, Nd) alloys for drive train components. With the overall aim of ascertaining the environmental impact of employing REEs as alloying agents in pr

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Castro, Laura, María Luisa Blázquez, Felisa González, and Jesús Ángel Muñoz. "Biohydrometallurgy for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Industrial Wastes." Molecules 26, no. 20 (2021): 6200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206200.

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Biohydrometallurgy recovers metals through microbially mediated processes and has been traditionally applied for the extraction of base metals from low-grade sulfidic ores. New investigations explore its potential for other types of critical resources, such as rare earth elements. In recent times, the interest in rare earth elements (REEs) is growing due to of their applications in novel technologies and green economy. The use of biohydrometallurgy for extracting resources from waste streams is also gaining attention to support innovative mining and promote a circular economy. The increase in

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Schroeder, Benjamin, Michael Free, Prashant Sarswat, Easton Sadler, Jacob Burke, and Zoe Evans. "Evaluating Field-Effect Separation on Rare Earth and Critical Metals." Eng 5, no. 3 (2024): 2016–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng5030107.

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The unique electromagnetic properties of rare earth elements (REEs) have led to rapid technological advances, creating a sharp increase in demand for these materials. The inherent challenges of separating REEs and the significant drawbacks of existing processes have driven the development of a new method known as field-effect separation (FES). This technology leverages electrical and magnetic fields to achieve separation by exploiting the differences in magnetic moments or effective charges of REEs in solution. Experiments on REEs were conducted using a microchannel based separation device, wh

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Setiani, Dwi Ratna, Afifah R. Widianti, Fauzia Salsabila, Anni Anggraeni, Husein H. Bahti, and Uji Pratomo. "The Effect of Surfactants on Separation of Light Rare Earth Metals using Emulsion Liquid Membrane Method: Review." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 11, no. 1 (2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2022.v11.i1.pp46-55.

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Rare earth metals (REM) are scarce elements and are only found in the form of complex compounds of phosphate and carbonate. REM consists of 17 elements classified into light REM, medium REM, and heavy REM. This article is focused on lightweight REM, which is widely applied in various industrial fields. Many REM applications are increasing the demand for high-purity and bulk REMs. However, REM has almost the same physical and chemical properties, making it difficult to separate. Therefore, the separation of REM is interesting to study with various methods, one of which is Emulsion Liquid Membra

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Afonin, Mikhail A., Andrey V. Nechaev, Ilya A. Yakimenko, and Vera V. Belova. "Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Chloride Solutions Using Mixtures of P507 and Cyanex 272." Compounds 4, no. 1 (2024): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/compounds4010008.

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In this study, the extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) from chloride solutions after leaching REE carbonate concentrate with solutions of the mixtures of P507 (2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester) and Cyanex 272 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid) (1:1) at various concentrations was experimentally studied. It was shown that the distribution ratios of all REEs decrease with the increasing concentration of these metals in the initial solution, which is associated with the loading of the organic phase. The most significant improvement in the extraction is observed for

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Wang, Hang, Aiqin Wang, Changyi Li, et al. "Effects of rare earth metals on microstructure, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion of 27% Cr hyper duplex stainless steel." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 61, no. 1 (2022): 873–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2022-0284.

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Abstract This research focuses on the addition of low-cost rare earth metals (REMs) to improve the comprehensive properties of hyper duplex stainless steels (DSSs). The effects of REM on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion of hyper DSSs were analyzed by optical/scanning electron microscope metallographic examination, X-ray diffraction analysis, tensile test, impact test, and potentiodynamic polarization test. With the addition of REM, micro/nanoscale REM inclusions were formed, and the microstructure of the alloy was refined. With the increasing content of REM, the

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Huang, Jinqiu, Lizhi Zhang, Wen Yu, Jiangan Chen, Chengtao Le, and Sili Ren. "Extraction of Rare Earth and CaF2 from Rare Earth Calcium Thermal Reduction Slag by Using CaO Roasting–Acid Leaching Method." Minerals 14, no. 10 (2024): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14101001.

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Abstract: The rare earth calcium thermal reduction slag (RCS) generated during the production of heavy rare earth metal contains large amounts of rare earth and fluoride compounds. In this study, rare earth elements (REEs) and fluorine in the RCS were recovered by the CaO roasting–hydrochloric acid leaching method. Firstly, the thermodynamic feasibility of converting rare earth fluoride to rare earth oxides through CaO roasting was demonstrated. The influence of roasting conditions and leaching conditions on the leaching rate of the REEs was investigated. Optimal results, a 95.48% leaching rat

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Litvinova, Tatyana, and Ivan Oleynik. "Dissolution kinetics of rare earth metal phosphates in carbonate solutions of alkali metals." Записки Горного института 251 (October 29, 2021): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.5.10.

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Treatment of apatite raw materials is associated with the formation of large-tonnage waste – phosphogypsum. The content of rare earth metals in such waste reaches 1 %, which makes it possible to consider it a technogenic source for obtaining rare earth metals and their compounds. Up to the present moment, there are neither processing plants, nor an efficient process flow to handle phosphogypsum dumps. It is rational to use a way that involves extraction of valuable components and overall reduction of phosphogypsum dumps. Such process flow is available with carbonate conversion of phosphogypsum

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Wang, Wenyu, Yanfang Yang, Donglei Wang, and Lihua Huang. "Toxic Effects of Rare Earth Elements on Human Health: A Review." Toxics 12, no. 5 (2024): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050317.

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Rare earth elements (REEs) are a new type of material resource which have attracted significant attention in recent years. REEs have emerged as essential metals in modern-day technology due to their unique functions. The long-term, large-scale mining and utilization of rare earths has caused serious environmental pollution and constitutes a global health issue, which has raised concerns regarding the safety of human health. However, the toxicity profile of suspended particulate matter in REEs in the environment, which interacts with the human body, remains largely unknown. Studies have shown t

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Cherepovitsyn, Alexey, and Victoria Solovyova. "Prospects for the Development of the Russian Rare-Earth Metal Industry in View of the Global Energy Transition—A Review." Energies 15, no. 1 (2022): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010387.

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Global energy transition trends are reflected not only in oil and gas market dynamics, but also in the development of related sectors. They influence the demand for various types of metals and minerals. It is well-known that clean technologies require far more metals than their counterparts relying on fossil fuels. Nowadays, rare-earth metals (REMs) have become part and parcel of green technologies as they are widely used in wind turbine generators, motors for electric vehicles, and permanent magnet generators, and there are no materials to substitute them. Consequently, growth in demand for t

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