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Journal articles on the topic 'Rat cholinergic neurones'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ekelund, K. M., and E. Ekblad. "Structural, neuronal, and functional adaptive changes in atrophic rat ileum." Gut 45, no. 2 (1999): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.45.2.236.

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BACKGROUNDInactivity of the gut leads to atrophic changes of which little is known.AIMSTo investigate structural, neuronal, and functional changes occurring in bypassed rat ileum.METHODSMorphometry was used to characterise the atrophic changes. The numbers of enteric neurones, their expression of neurotransmitters, and the presence of interstitial cells of Cajal were studied using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation. Motor activity was studied in vitro.RESULTSAdaptive changes in bypassed ileum include atrophy and remodelling of the gut wall. The total numbers of submucous and myenter

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2

Atterwill, Christopher K. "Brain Reaggregate Cultures in Neurotoxicological Investigations: Studies with Cholinergic Neurotoxins." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 16, no. 3 (1989): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119298901600304.

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The number of neurotoxicants which produce ‘lesions’ in organotypic brain reaggregate cultures in vitro, which correlate with known in vivo actions, is growing. With respect to cholinergic neurones, this includes kainic acid, organophosphorus compounds and, in our hands, ethylcholine mustard aziridinium (ECMA) and aluminium. We have demonstrated that in vitro exposure to low concentrations of ECMA (12.5μM) produces a two-stage lesion in rat whole-brain reaggregate cultures, corresponding to initial direct inhibition of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), followed by a later loss of cholinergic n

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3

Kumamoto, Eiichi, and Yuzo Murata. "GABAA-receptor channels on rat cholinergic septal neurones in culture." Neuroscience Research Supplements 19 (January 1994): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8696(94)92404-x.

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4

Atterwill, Christopher K., Wendy J. Davies, and Michael A. Kyriakides. "An Investigation of Aluminium Neurotoxicity using some In Vitro Systems." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 18, no. 1_part_1 (1990): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299001800119.1.

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It has been shown that acute exposure in vitro to high concentrations of aluminium chloride does not appear to perturb neural function in terms of the electrophysiological properties of lower vertebrate leech neurones. Longer term exposure in vitro, however, both non-specifically inhibits cellular differentiation and also produces neural cytotoxicity in the rat midbrain micromass, mixed cell culture model. Furthermore, previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated a reduction of cholinergic neuronal function in brain organotypic reaggregate cultures following long-term, but not short

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5

BINNS, K. E., and T. E. SALT. "The functional influence of nicotinic cholinergic receptors on the visual responses of neurones in the superficial superior colliculus." Visual Neuroscience 17, no. 2 (2000): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800172116.

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In the rat, the superficial gray layer (SGS) of the superior colliculus receives glutamatergic projections from the contralateral retina and from the visual cortex. A few fibers from the ipsilateral retina also directly innervate the SGS, but most of the ipsilateral visual input is provided by cholinergic afferents from the opposing parabigeminal nucleus (PBG). Thus, visual input carried by cholinergic afferents may have a functional influence on the responses of SGS neurones. When single neuronal extracellular recording and iontophoretic drug application were employed to examine this possibil

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6

Yang, Qiner, Anders Hamberger, Nastaran Khatibi, Torgny Stigbrand та Kenneth G. Haglid. "Presence of S-100β in cholinergic neurones of the rat hindbrain". NeuroReport 7, № 18 (1996): 3093–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199611250-00060.

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7

Cross, A. J., and J. F. W. Deakin. "Cortical serotonin receptor subtypes after lesion of ascending cholinergic neurones in rat." Neuroscience Letters 60, no. 3 (1985): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(85)90587-7.

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8

Pearson, R. C. A., M. V. Sofroniew, and T. P. S. Powell. "Hypertrophy of cholinergic neurones of the rat basal nucleus following section of the corpus callosum." Brain Research 338, no. 2 (1985): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(85)90164-7.

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9

Vidal, S., B. Raynaud, D. Clarous, and M. J. Weber. "Neurotransmitter plasticity of cultured sympathetic neurones. Are the effects of muscle-conditioned medium reversible?" Development 101, no. 3 (1987): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.101.3.617.

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Muscle-conditioned medium (CM) induces choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in primary cultures of new-born rat sympathetic neurones and depresses the development of tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH). By following these two enzymes, we have determined whether (1) the effects of CM are reversible and (2) the neurones progressively lose their sensitivity to CM with time in culture. When neurones were cultured in the presence of 50% CM (CM+ medium), TOH activity developed slowly but CAT activity developed at a high rate. When the cultures were then switched to unconditioned medium (CM- medium), CAT

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10

Momiyama, Toshihiko. "A patch-clamp analysis of GABAergic synaptic inputs to large cholinergic neurones in the rat striatum." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 76 (1998): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)40474-5.

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11

Yamaguchi, K., Y. Nakajima, S. Nakajima, and P. R. Stanfield. "Modulation of inwardly rectifying channels by substance P in cholinergic neurones from rat brain in culture." Journal of Physiology 426, no. 1 (1990): 499–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp018151.

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12

Allen, T. G., J. A. Sim, and D. A. Brown. "The whole-cell calcium current in acutely dissociated magnocellular cholinergic basal forebrain neurones of the rat." Journal of Physiology 460, no. 1 (1993): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019461.

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13

Pearson, R. C. A., J. W. Neal, and T. P. S. Powell. "Hypertrophy of cholinergic neurones of the basal nucleus in the rat following damage of the contralateral nucleus." Brain Research 382, no. 1 (1986): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(86)90123-x.

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14

Bolton, Renee F., James Cornwall, and Oliver T. Phillipson. "Collateral axons of cholinergic pontine neurones projecting to midline, mediodorsal and parafascicular thalamic nuclei in the rat." Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 6, no. 2 (1993): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-0618(93)90031-x.

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15

Song, S. Y., K. Saito, K. Noguchi, and S. Konishi. "Adrenergic and cholinergic inhibition of Ca2+ channels mediated by different GTP-binding proteins in rat sympathetic neurones." Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 418, no. 6 (1991): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00370576.

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16

Gronier, B., and K. Rasmussen. "Activation of midbrain presumed dopaminergic neurones by muscarinic cholinergic receptors: an in vivo electrophysiological study in the rat." British Journal of Pharmacology 124, no. 3 (1998): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0701850.

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17

Martínez‐Serrano, Alberto, Martin Olsson, Monte A. Gates, and Anders Björklund. "In utero gene transfer reveals survival effects of nerve growth factor on rat brain cholinergic neurones during development." European Journal of Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (1998): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00046.x.

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18

Bassil, Anna K., Narinder B. Dass, and Gareth J. Sanger. "The prokinetic-like activity of ghrelin in rat isolated stomach is mediated via cholinergic and tachykininergic motor neurones." European Journal of Pharmacology 544, no. 1-3 (2006): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.06.039.

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19

Lovick, T. A. "Tonic GABAergic and cholinergic influences on pain control and cardiovascular control neurones in nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis in the rat." Pain 31, no. 3 (1987): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(87)90168-0.

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20

Krantis, A., and R. K. Harding. "Peptide YY induces nerve-mediated responses in the guinea pig intestine." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 11 (1991): 1713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-254.

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The actions of peptide YY (PYY) were studied in longitudinal organ-bath preparations of the guinea pig intestine. PYY induced concentration-dependent (10−9 – 5 × 10−8 M) relaxations of tissue from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. These responses were unaffected by adrenergic blockade and atropine treatment but could be prevented by tetrodotoxin. The pharmacology of PYY actions in segments of the small and large intestine indicated the involvement of intrinsic nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory neurones in the relaxation response to this peptide. All tissues could be made tachyphy

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21

Hösli, Elisabeth, and L. Hösli. "Cellular localization of estrogen receptors on neurones in various regions of cultured rat CNS: coexistence with cholinergic and galanin receptors." International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 17, no. 4 (1999): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0736-5748(99)00038-6.

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22

Augood, S. J., G. W. Arbuthnott, and P. C. Emson. "Identified cholinergic neurones in the adult rat brain are enriched in GAP-43 mRNA: a double in situ hybridisation study." Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 9, no. 1 (1995): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-0618(95)00059-g.

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23

Manier, Monique, Patrick Mouchet, and Claude Feuerstein. "Immunohistochemical evidence for the coexistence of cholinergic and catecholaminergic phenotypes in neurones of the vagal motor nucleus in the adult rat." Neuroscience Letters 80, no. 2 (1987): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(87)90643-4.

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24

Prud'homme, Marie-Jeanne, Eric Houdeau, Rachid Serghini, Yves Tillet, Michael Schemann, and Jean-Paul Rousseau. "Small intensely fluorescent cells of the rat paracervical ganglion synthesize adrenaline, receive afferent innervation from postganglionic cholinergic neurones, and contain muscarinic receptors." Brain Research 821, no. 1 (1999): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01094-x.

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25

Scheibler, Peter, Mihail Pesic, Heike Franke, et al. "P2X2 and P2Y1 immunofluorescence in rat neostriatal medium-spiny projection neurones and cholinergic interneurones is not linked to respective purinergic receptor function." British Journal of Pharmacology 143, no. 1 (2004): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0705916.

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26

Moragues, N., P. Ciofi, G. Tramu та M. Garret. "Localisation of GABAA receptor ϵ-subunit in cholinergic and aminergic neurones and evidence for co-distribution with the θ-subunit in rat brain". Neuroscience 111, № 3 (2002): 657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00033-7.

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27

Atterwill, C. K., P. Collins, J. Meakin, A. M. Pillar, and A. K. Prince. "Effect of nerve growth factor and thyrotropin releasing hormone on cholinergic neurones in developing rat brain reaggregate cultures lesioned with ethylcholine mustard aziridinium." Biochemical Pharmacology 38, no. 10 (1989): 1631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(89)90311-0.

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28

Belai, A., and G. Burnstock. "Evidence for coexistence of ATP and nitric oxide in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurones in the rat ileum, colon and anococcygeus muscle." Cell and Tissue Research 278, no. 1 (1994): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00305792.

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29

Belai, A., and G. Burnstock. "Evidence for coexistence of ATP and nitric oxide in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurones in the rat ileum, colon and anococcygeus muscle." Cell and Tissue Research 278, no. 1 (1994): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050207.

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30

Liu, Xinhuai, Ion R. Popescu, Janna V. Denisova, Rachael L. Neve, Roderick A. Corriveau, and Andrei B. Belousov. "Regulation of Cholinergic Phenotype in Developing Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 5 (2008): 2443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00762.2007.

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Specification of neurotransmitter phenotype is critical for neural circuit development and is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Recent findings in rat hypothalamus in vitro suggest the role of neurotransmitter glutamate in the regulation of cholinergic phenotype. Here we extended our previous studies on the mechanisms of glutamate-dependent regulation of cholinergic phenotypic properties in hypothalamic neurons. Using immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology, and calcium imaging, we demonstrate that hypothalamic expression of choline acetyltransferase (the cholinergic marker) and re

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31

Murchison, David, Angelika N. McDermott, Candi L. LaSarge, Kathryn A. Peebles, Jennifer L. Bizon, and William H. Griffith. "Enhanced Calcium Buffering in F344 Rat Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Neurons Is Associated With Age-Related Cognitive Impairment." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 4 (2009): 2194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00301.2009.

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Alterations in neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis are important determinants of age-related cognitive impairment. We examined the Ca2+ influx, buffering, and electrophysiology of basal forebrain neurons in adult, middle-aged, and aged male F344 behaviorally assessed rats. Middle-aged and aged rats were characterized as cognitively impaired or unimpaired by water maze performance relative to young cohorts. Patch-clamp experiments were conducted on neurons acutely dissociated from medial septum/nucleus of the diagonal band with post hoc identification of phenotypic marker mRNA using single-cell RT-PCR. W

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32

Corsetti, Veronica, Carla Perrone-Capano, Michael Sebastian Salazar Intriago, et al. "Expression of Cholinergic Markers and Characterization of Splice Variants during Ontogenesis of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 5499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115499.

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Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons synthesize acetylcholine (ACh), in addition to their peptidergic nature. They also release ACh and are cholinoceptive, as they express cholinergic receptors. During gangliogenesis, ACh plays an important role in neuronal differentiation, modulating neuritic outgrowth and neurospecific gene expression. Starting from these data, we studied the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) expression in rat DRG neurons. ChAT and VAChT genes are arranged in a “cholinergic locus”, and several splice variants have been describe

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33

Rohrer, H. "Cholinergic neuronal differentiation factors: evidence for the presence of both CNTF-like and non-CNTF-like factors in developing rat footpad." Development 114, no. 3 (1992): 689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.114.3.689.

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Catecholaminergic sympathetic neurons are able to change their transmitter phenotype during development and to acquire cholinergic properties. Cholinergic sympathetic differentiation is only observed in fibers innervating specific targets like the sweat glands in the rat footpad. A function for ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in this process has been implied as it is able to induce cholinergic properties (ChAT, VIP) in cultured chick and rat neurons. We show here that a CNTF-like, VIP-inducing activity is present in rat footpads and that its increases 6-fold during the period of cholinergic

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34

Yan, Jing, Wenhui Zhao, Meixia Guo, Xuefei Han, and Zhiwei Feng. "CXCL12 Regulates the Cholinergic Locus and CHT1 Through Akt Signaling Pathway." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 40, no. 5 (2016): 982–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453155.

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Background: CXCL12 is pivotal for cholinergic neurons, and it induces the expressions of several genes that are essential for synthesis and storage of acetylcholine(ACh), specifically choline acetyltransferase, vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), and choline transporter. The present study explored the impact of pharmacological Akt inhibition upon cholinergic gene expression. Methods: Western blotting was employed to determine the level of p-AKT, RT-PCR to check the mRNA levels of and CHT1(choline transporter1),VAChT and ChAT, ELISA to decipher the secretion of ACh and the activity of choline ac

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35

Feldstein, J. B., R. A. Gonzales, S. P. Baker, C. Sumners, F. T. Crews, and M. K. Raizada. "Decreased alpha 1-adrenergic receptor-mediated inositide hydrolysis in neurons from hypertensive rat brain." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 251, no. 2 (1986): C230—C237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1986.251.2.c230.

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The expression of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors and norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipid has been studied in neuronal cultures from the brains of normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto, WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. Binding of 125I-2-[beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-aminomethyl] tetralone (HEAT) to neuronal membranes was 68-85% specific and was rapid. Competition-inhibition experiments with various agonists and antagonists suggested that 125I-HEAT bound selectively to alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. Specific binding of 125I-HEAT to neuronal membranes from SH rat br

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36

Schirmer, S. U., I. Eckhardt, H. Lau, et al. "The cholinergic system in rat testis is of non-neuronal origin." REPRODUCTION 142, no. 1 (2011): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-10-0302.

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The cholinergic system consists of acetylcholine (ACh), its synthesising enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), transporters such as the high-affinity choline transporter (SLC5A7; also known as ChT1), vesicular ACh transporter (SLC18A3; also known as VAChT), organic cation transporters (SLC22s; also known as OCTs), the nicotinic ACh receptors (CHRN; also known as nAChR) and muscarinic ACh receptors. The cholinergic system is not restricted to neurons but plays an important role in the structure and function of non-neuronal tissues such as epithelia and the immune system. Using molecular and

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37

Kamondi, A., J. A. Williams, B. Hutcheon, and P. B. Reiner. "Membrane properties of mesopontine cholinergic neurons studied with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique: implications for behavioral state control." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 4 (1992): 1359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.4.1359.

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1. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to study the membrane properties of identified cholinergic and noncholinergic laterodorsal tegmental neurons in slices of rat brain maintained in vitro. 2. On the basis of their expression of the transient outward potassium current IA and the transient inward calcium current IT, three classes of neurons were observed: type I neurons exhibited a large IT; type II neurons exhibited a prominent IA; and type III neurons exhibited both IA and IT. 3. Combining intracellular deposition of biocytin with NADPH diaphorase histochemistry revealed that the

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38

Dorn, Roland, Bernhard Loy, Georg Dechant, and Galina Apostolova. "Neurogenomics of the Sympathetic Neurotransmitter Switch Indicates That Different Mechanisms Steer Cholinergic Differentiation in Rat and Chicken Models." Dataset Papers in Neuroscience 2013 (September 26, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7167/2013/520930.

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Vertebrate sympathetic neurons have the remarkable potential to switch their neurotransmitter phenotype from noradrenergic to cholinergic—a phenomenon that has been intensively studied in rat and chicken models. In both species, loss of noradrenergic markers and concomitant upregulation of cholinergic markers occurs in response to neuropoietic cytokines such as ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). However, other aspects of the neurotransmitter switch including developmental timing, target tissues of cholinergic neurons, and dependence on neurotrophic factors differ between the two species. Here

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39

Grider, J. R., and G. M. Makhlouf. "Colonic peristaltic reflex: identification of vasoactive intestinal peptide as mediator of descending relaxation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 251, no. 1 (1986): G40—G45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1986.251.1.g40.

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Isolated segments of rat and guinea pig midcolon were used to examine the neurotransmitters responsible for ascending contraction and descending relaxation components of the peristaltic reflex. Graded radial stretch of the extreme orad end caused only descending relaxation accompanied by significant release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in rat (82%, P less than 0.005) and guinea pig (47%, P less than 0.05). Radial stretch of the caudad end caused only ascending contraction without VIP release. VIP antiserum (1:480 to 1:60) inhibited descending relaxation in a concentration-dependent m

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40

Rao, M. S., P. H. Patterson, and S. C. Landis. "Multiple cholinergic differentiation factors are present in footpad extracts: comparison with known cholinergic factors." Development 116, no. 3 (1992): 731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.116.3.731.

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Sweat glands in rat footpads contain a neuronal differentiation activity that switches the phenotype of sympathetic neurons from noradrenergic to cholinergic during normal development in vivo. Extracts of developing and adult sweat glands induce changes in neurotransmitter properties in cultured sympathetic neurons that mimic those observed in vivo. We have characterized further the factors present in the extract and compared their properties to those of known cholinergic factors. When assayed on cultured rat sympathetic neurons, the major activities in footpad extracts from postnatal day 21 r

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41

Jhamandas, Jack H., Caroline Cho, Balvinder Jassar, Kim Harris, David MacTavish та Jacob Easaw. "Cellular Mechanisms for Amyloid β-Protein Activation of Rat Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Neurons". Journal of Neurophysiology 86, № 3 (2001): 1312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1312.

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The deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brain and the loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the mechanism of Aβ neurotoxicity is unknown, these cholinergic neurons display a selective vulnerability when exposed to this peptide. In this study, application of Aβ25–35 or Aβ1–40 to acutely dissociated rat neurons from the basal forebrain nucleus diagonal band of Broca (DBB), caused a decrease in whole cell voltage-activated currents in a majority of cells. This reduction in whole cell currents occurs through

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42

Griffith, William H., Dustin W. DuBois, Annette Fincher, Kathryn A. Peebles, Jennifer L. Bizon, and David Murchison. "Characterization of age-related changes in synaptic transmission onto F344 rat basal forebrain cholinergic neurons using a reduced synaptic preparation." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 2 (2014): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00129.2013.

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Basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons participate in a number of cognitive processes that become impaired during aging. We previously found that age-related enhancement of Ca2+ buffering in rat cholinergic BF neurons was associated with impaired performance in the water maze spatial learning task (Murchison D, McDermott AN, Lasarge CL, Peebles KA, Bizon JL, and Griffith WH. J Neurophysiol 102: 2194–2207, 2009). One way that altered Ca2+ buffering could contribute to cognitive impairment involves synaptic function. In this report we show that synaptic transmission in the BF is altered with a

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43

Hill, Elisa L., Thierry Gallopin, Isabelle Férézou, et al. "Functional CB1 Receptors Are Broadly Expressed in Neocortical GABAergic and Glutamatergic Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 4 (2007): 2580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00603.2006.

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The cannabinoid receptor CB1 is found in abundance in brain neurons, whereas CB2 is essentially expressed outside the brain. In the neocortex, CB1 is observed predominantly on large cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing interneurons. However, physiological evidence suggests that functional CB1 are present on other neocortical neuronal types. We investigated the expression of CB1 and CB2 in identified neurons of rat neocortical slices using single-cell RT-PCR. We found that 63% of somatostatin (SST)-expressing and 69% of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons co-expressed CB

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44

Momiyama, Toshihiko, and Laszlo Zaborszky. "Somatostatin Presynaptically Inhibits Both GABA and Glutamate Release Onto Rat Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 2 (2006): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00507.2005.

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A whole cell patch-clamp study was carried out in slices obtained from young rat brain to elucidate the roles of somatostatin in the modulation of synaptic transmission onto cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF), a region that contains cholinergic and GABAergic corticopetal neurons and somatostatin (SS)-containing local circuit neurons. Cholinergic neurons within the BF were identified by in vivo prelabeling with Cy3 IgG. Because in many cases SS is contained in GABAergic neurons in the CNS, we investigated whether exogenously applied SS can influence GABAergic transmission onto chol

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45

Sander, Guy R., Simon J. H. Brookes, and Barry C. Powell. "Expression of Notch1 and Jagged2 in the Enteric Nervous System." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 7 (2003): 969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100712.

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The Notch signaling pathway is a vitally important pathway in regulating brain development. To explore the involvement of the Notch pathway in neuronal cells of adult rat gut, we investigated the expression of Notch1 and Jagged2 by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In the enteric nervous system, Notch1 and Jagged2 were expressed in ganglia of the submucosal and myenteric plexus. Notch1 was preferentially expressed in cholinergic neurons lacking calretinin or nitric oxide synthase (NOS), whereas Jagged2 was present in most neuron subtypes. We propose that Notch1 and Ja

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46

Serbinek, Daniela, Celine Ullrich, Michael Pirchl, Tanja Hochstrasser, Rainald Schmidt-Kastner, and Christian Humpel. "S100b Counteracts Neurodegeneration of Rat Cholinergic Neurons in Brain Slices after Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation." Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology 2010 (May 24, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/106123.

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Alzheimer's disease is a severe chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, cerebrovascular damage, inflammation, reactive gliosis, and cell death of cholinergic neurons. The aim of the present study is to test whether the glia-derived molecule S100b can counteract neurodegeneration of cholinergic neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in organotypic brain slices of basal nucleus of Meynert. Our data showed that 3 days of OGD induced a marked decrease of cholinergic neurons (60% of control), which could be counteracted by 50 μg/mL recombinan

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Ichimiya, Toshifumi, Shinichi Kohsaka, and Kazuyuki Nakajima. "Cholinergic neurons in rat facial nucleus." Neuroscience Research 68 (January 2010): e225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.992.

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Chiocchetti, R., T. Hitrec, F. Giancola, et al. "Phosphorylated Tau protein in the myenteric plexus of the ileum and colon of normothermic rats and during synthetic torpor." Cell and Tissue Research 384, no. 2 (2021): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-020-03328-0.

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AbstractTau protein is of primary importance for neuronal homeostasis and when hyperphosphorylated (PP-Tau), it tends to aggregate in neurofibrillary tangles, as is the case with tauopathies, a class of neurodegenerative disorders. Reversible PP-Tau accumulation occurs in the brain of hibernating rodents and it was recently observed in rats (a non-hibernator) during synthetic torpor (ST), a pharmacological-induced torpor-like condition. To date, the expression of PP-Tau in the rat enteric nervous system (ENS) is still unknown. The present study immunohistochemically investigates the PP-Tau exp

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Apartis, Emmanuelle, Frederique R. Poindessous-Jazat, Yvon A. Lamour, and Marie H. Bassant. "Loss of Rhythmically Bursting Neurons in Rat Medial Septum Following Selective Lesion of Septohippocampal Cholinergic System." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 4 (1998): 1633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.1633.

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Apartis, Emmanuelle, Frederique R. Poindessous-Jazat, Yvon A. Lamour, and Marie H. Bassant. Loss of rhythmically bursting neurons in rat medial septum following selective lesion of septohippocampal cholinergic system. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1633–1642, 1998. The medial septum contains cholinergic and GABAergic neurons that project to the hippocampal formation. A significant proportion of the septohippocampal neurons (SHN) exhibit a rhythmically bursting (RB) activity that is involved in the generation of the hippocampal theta rhythm. The neurochemical nature of septal RB neurons is not firmly est

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Takazawa, Tomonori, Yasuhiko Saito, Keisuke Tsuzuki, and Seiji Ozawa. "Membrane and Firing Properties of Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurons in the Rat Medial Vestibular Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 5 (2004): 3106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00494.2004.

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In previous studies, neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) were classified mainly into 2 types according to their intrinsic membrane properties in in vitro slice preparations. However, it has not been determined whether the classified neurons are excitatory or inhibitory ones. In the present study, to clarify the relationship between the chemical and electrophysiological properties of MVN neurons, we explored mRNAs of cellular markers for GABAergic (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, 67, and neuronal GABA transporter), glutamatergic (vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and 2), glycinergic

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