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Journal articles on the topic 'Rat colon'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Cox, Helen M. "Receptors for calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in gastrointestinal epithelia." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 974–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-135.

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A pharmacological comparison of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptors expressed in normal rat colon mucosa and two human adenocarcinoma cell lines has been undertaken. Using voltage-clamp techniques electrogenic ion transport was continuously monitored across either mucosal preparations or confluent epithelial monolayers grown on permeable supports. The data presented at this meeting show that CGRP receptors are preferentially located on the basolateral epithelial surface and that their stimulation by a variety of CGRP analogues results in enhanced Cl− secretion mediated via a cyclic AMP dependent mechanism. Responses to rat αCGRP in rat descending colon mucosa and in the adenocarcinoma cell line Colony-29 are insensitive to the inhibitory effects of the C-terminal fragment human CGRP(8–37); however, significant inhibition of rat αCGRP responses was observed in the parent epithelial cell line HCA-7. This together with the subtle differences seen in agonist orders of potency in the three preparations indicates that different CGRP receptor subtypes exist in the basolateral domains of HCA-7 compared with rat colon and Colony-29 epithelia.Key words: calcitonin gene related peptide, receptors, ion transport, rat colon, epithelial cell lines.

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2

Svitina, H. M. "THE CULTIVATION OF RAT COLON TUMOR WITH PLACENTAL MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS." Biotechnologia Acta 9, no. 4 (August 2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech9.04.050.

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3

Potter, G. D., and S. M. Burlingame. "Glucose-coupled sodium absorption in the developing rat colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 250, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): G221—G226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1986.250.2.g221.

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The developing mammalian colon is lined by villi and is capable of glucose and amino acid absorption at birth in the rat. Neither the point at which this capacity is lost nor the effect of the capacity for glucose transport on Na absorption has been studied. We have now applied a system for perfusion of the lumen of in vitro segments of colon from 20-day-old fetal rats, and pups between 6 and 8 days old, to measure Na transport and transepithelial potential difference (PD). The lumens of colons from animals at both ages were perfused with solutions containing glucose or mannitol and 22Na. Net Na transport was 164 +/- 37 mu eq X h-1 X g dry weight tissue perfused-1, as determined by the difference between lumen-to-bath and bath-to-lumen flux in fetal rat colons at day 20. Glucose increased the lumen-to-bath flux by 90 +/- 35 mu eq X h-1 X g-1. PD was immediately increased from -1.7 +/- 0.16 to -8.0 +/- 0.96 mV (lumen with respect to bath) by the addition of glucose, and the change in PD was inhibited by 10(-4) M phlorizin. The PD response to glucose was lost at day 2 of life, but the villus epithelium persisted. Amiloride, 10(-4) M, did not alter PD or Na transport at either age. We conclude that the fetal rat colon exhibits glucose-dependent Na flux at birth but that this property is lost by 6-8 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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4

Butt, Warren G., Michael Wang, James P. Ryan, Jonathan Leiser, Steven T. Kaufman, and Sidney Cohen. "Regional Comparison of Rat Colon Mechanics." Neurogastroenterology & Motility 3, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.1991.tb00052.x.

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5

Roman, Marco, María Luisa Fernández Sánchez, Alfredo Sanz-Medel, Héctor González Iglesias, Paolo Cescon, and Carlo Barbante. "Selenium speciation in rat colon tissues." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 26, no. 1 (2011): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ja00116c.

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6

Zhang, Lubo. "Muscarinic receptors in developing rat colon." European Journal of Pharmacology 304, no. 1-3 (May 1996): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(96)00130-6.

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7

Karbach, U., and W. Rummel. "Strontium transport in the rat colon." Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 335, no. 1 (January 1987): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00165042.

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8

Kigata, Tetsuhito, Hideshi Shibata, and Yasushi Kobayashi. "Arterial supply to the rat colon." Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 50, no. 5 (August 19, 2021): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12730.

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9

Aizman, R. I., G. Celsi, L. Grahnquist, Z. M. Wang, Y. Finkel, and A. Aperia. "Ontogeny of K+ transport in rat distal colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 271, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): G268—G274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1996.271.2.g268.

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Infants need to retain more K+ than adults to avoid growth retardation. Since the K+ requirements are different in infants (I) and in adults (A), the mechanisms regulating K+ homeostasis should also be different. The colon plays an important role for the regulation of K+ homeostasis. Colonic K+ transport is bidirectional. In this study we have examined the development of colonic K+ transport with special reference to the contribution of different K(+)-transporting pathways. The net colonic K+ uptake, as determined by in vivo perfusion studies and by 86Rb uptake, was significantly higher in I than in A rats. In both I and A colon, approximately 80% of total 86Rb uptake was dependent on vanadate-sensitive P-type adenosinetriphosphatases (ATPases), but the contribution of these different ATPases changes during development. The activity of colonic Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, measured as ouabain-sensitive Na(+)-dependent ATP hydrolysis and as 86Rb uptake, was lower in I than in A rats. In contrast, the activity of K(+)-ATPases located in apical membrane and measured as ouabain insensitive and SCH-28080 sensitive, as ouabain-sensitive Na(+)-independent ATP hydrolysis, and as 86Rb uptake was significantly higher in I than in A rats. The ratio between apically located K(+)-ATPases and basolateral Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activities was almost 3.2-fold higher in I than in A colon. We identified with Northern blot the expression of the colonic H(+)-K(+)-ATPase and the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunits. The alpha-mRNA expression of both ATPases was significantly higher in I than in A rats. The pH and K+ sensitivity of the ouabain-insensitive, SCH-28080-sensitive K(+)-ATPase was the same in I and A colons. In conclusion, the relative activity of apical K+ absorbing ATPases is higher in the I than in the A colon, which should aid infants in retaining K+.

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10

Aguilar, María J., Luis Estañ, Inocencia Martínez-Mir, Manuel Martínez-Abad, Elena Rubio, and Francisco J. Morales-Olivas. "Effects of dopamine in isolated rat colon strips." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 83, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y05-031.

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The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of dopamine on isolated rat colon strips, and whether dopamine receptors are involved in these effects. Experiments on spontaneous motility and under potassium contraction were performed with dopamine and isoprenaline, both in the absence and presence of antagonists (distal colon strips, isotonic recording, Tyrode solution, 31 °C, 1 g of resting tension). At higher concentration (10–4mol/L), dopamine abolished spontaneous motility of the rat colon and this effect was not modified by antagonists. In isolated rat colon strips that were depolarized with potassium, dopamine produced concentration-dependent relaxation, without significant differences in reserpinized rats. Preincubation with sulpiride or Sch 23390, dopamine antagonists, did not modify the effects of dopamine. Propranolol shifted the concentration-response curve to the right, though in a noncompetitive manner. Prazosin and yohimbine (α-antagonists) did not modify the response to dopamine. Isoprenaline produced a concentration-dependent relaxant response to the KCl-induced contraction antagonized by propranolol, but not by prazosin, in a noncompetitive manner. In conclusion, dopamine exhibits a relaxant effect on the isolated rat colon, which is not mediated by specific dopamine receptors or α-adrenoceptors but it may be mediated by atypical β-adrenoceptors. Key words: dopamine, isolated rat colon, dopamine receptors.

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11

Gonzalez, Asensio, and Sushil K. Sarna. "Different types of contractions in rat colon and their modulation by oxidative stress." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 280, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): G546—G554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.4.g546.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the modulation of in vitro rat colonic circular muscle contractions by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammation and in spontaneous inflammation in HLA-B27 rats. We also examined the potential role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in modulating excitation-contraction coupling. The muscle strips from the middle colon generated spontaneous phasic contractions and giant contractions (GCs), the proximal colon strips generated primarily phasic contractions, and the distal colon strips were mostly quiescent. The spontaneous phasic contractions and GCs were not affected by inflammation, but the response to ACh was suppressed in DSS-treated rats and in HLA-B27 rats. H2O2production was increased in the muscularis of the inflamed colon. Incubation of colonic muscle strips with H2O2suppressed the spontaneous phasic contractions and concentration and time dependently reduced the response to ACh; in the middle colon, it also increased the frequency of GCs. We conclude that H2O2mimics the suppression of the contractile response to ACh in inflammation. H2O2also selectively suppresses phasic contractions and increases the frequency of GCs, as found previously in inflamed dog and human colons.

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12

Pomerri, F., G. Gasparini, A. Martin, W. Fries, E. Pagiaro, and S. Merigliano. "Microradiographic Anatomy of the Explanted Rat Colon." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 2 (March 1995): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600221.

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The colon of 32 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats was studied microradiographically. The colonic arterial distribution of 18 rats was examined after injecting barium sulfate into the isolated aorta. The mucosal surface in 9 rats was studied using double-contrast technique after colon explantation. In 5 animals arterial and mucosal studies were carried out simultaneously. The radiographic thickness of the colonic wall was measured using a comparative microscope. The specimens were observed, photographed and examined histologically. Unlike the cecum and distal colon which, when insufflated, do not have mucosal folds, the proximal colon exhibits folds in an oblique direction corresponding to that of the arteries, and the colonic wall in this region is thicker. Comparison between arterial and mucosal microradiographic anatomy and wall thickness enables the proposition of a simple nontopographic division of the rat colon into cecum, proximal colon and distal colon.

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13

Pillion, D. J., W. E. Grizzle, M. Yang, E. Meezan, C. R. Stockard, V. Ganapathy, F. H. Leibach, R. B. Myers, and J. F. Haskell. "Expression of IGF-II/Man-6-P receptors on rat, rabbit, and human colon epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): R1101—R1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.6.r1101.

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Previous experiments from this laboratory have established the presence of receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on apical membranes prepared from rabbit colon epithelial cells; however, no receptors for multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), the rat peptide hormone equivalent of human IGF-II, were found in this tissue. In the current studies, radioligand binding assays, covalent cross-linking experiments, and immunoblot analyses using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum that recognizes the IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) receptor, all confirmed the presence of IGF-II/Man-6-P receptors on membranes prepared from rat and human colon epithelial cells. Exposure of rat colon epithelial cell membrane fractions to 5 mM Man-6-P before incubation with 125I-labeled IGF-II increased radioligand binding. Immunoblot analysis indicated that IGF-II/Man-6-P receptors were present in both unfractionated rat colon membranes and fractions enriched with apical membranes. Rabbit and human colon epithelial cells displayed a different pattern of receptor distribution than rat colon epithelial cells, with more insulin receptors but relatively few IGF-II/Man-6-P receptors. Immunohistochemical studies using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum confirmed that IGF-II/Man-6-P receptors were present on both the apical and the basolateral surfaces of colon epithelial cells.

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14

Li, Mona, Christopher P. Johnson, Mark B. Adams, and Sushil K. Sarna. "Cholinergic and nitrergic regulation of in vivo giant migrating contractions in rat colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 283, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): G544—G552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00114.2001.

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The aim of this study was to characterize in vivo rat colonic motor activity in normal and inflamed states and determine its neural regulation. Circular muscle contractions were recorded by surgically implanted strain-gauge transducers. The rat colon exhibited predominantly giant migrating contractions (GMCs) whose frequency decreased distally. Only a small percentage of these GMCs propagated in the distal direction; the rest occurred randomly. Phasic contractions were present, but their amplitude was very small compared with that of GMCs. Inflammation induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate suppressed the frequency of GMCs in the proximal and middle but not in the distal colon. Frequency of GMCs was suppressed by intraperitoneally administered atropine and 4-diphenylacetoxy- N-methyl-piperidine methiodide and was enhanced by N w-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Serotonin, tachykinin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor or receptor subtype antagonists as well as guanethidine and suramin had no significant effect on the frequency of GMCs. Verapamil transiently suppressed the GMCs. In conclusion, unlike the canine and human colons, the rat colon exhibits frequent GMCs and their frequency is suppressed in inflammation. In vivo GMCs are stimulated by neural release of acetylcholine that acts on M3 receptors. Constitutive release of nitric oxide may partially suppress their frequency.

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15

Choi, J. L., and R. C. Rose. "Regeneration of Ascorbic Acid by Rat Colon." Experimental Biology and Medicine 190, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/00379727-190-42874.

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16

Pomerri, F., G. Gasparini, A. Martin, W. Fries, E. Pagiaro, and S. Merigliano. "Microradiographic Anatomy of the Explanted Rat Colon." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 2 (March 1, 1995): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02841859509173381.

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17

Pácha, Jiřı́. "Ontogeny of Na+ Transport in Rat Colon." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 118, no. 2 (October 1997): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9629(96)00292-7.

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18

Ren, M., Reshmi Rajendran, Mary Ng, Chammika Udalagama, Anna E. Rodrigues, Frank Watt, and Andrew Michael Jenner. "Nuclear microscopy of rat colon epithelial cells." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 269, no. 20 (October 2011): 2264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2011.02.039.

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19

Colony, Pamela C., and Jeffrey Steely. "Lectin Binding Patterns in Developing Rat Colon." Gastroenterology 92, no. 5 (May 1987): 1116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(87)91067-5.

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20

Pomerri, F., G. Gasparini, A. Martin, W. Fries, E. Pagiaro, and S. Merigliano. "Microradiographic Anatomy of the Explanted Rat Colon." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 2 (January 1995): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841859509173381.

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21

Sweiry, J. H., and H. J. Binder. "Active potassium absorption in rat distal colon." Journal of Physiology 423, no. 1 (April 1, 1990): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp018016.

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22

Diviccaro, S., S. Giatti, F. Borgo, E. Falvo, D. Caruso, L. M. Garcia-Segura, and R. C. Melcangi. "Steroidogenic machinery in the adult rat colon." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 203 (October 2020): 105732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105732.

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23

BUTT, W. G., M. WANG, S. T. KAUFMAN, J. P. RYAN, and S. COHEN. "Age-related changes in rat colon mechanics." Neurogastroenterology & Motility 5, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.1993.tb00115.x.

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24

Browning, J., and B. Gannon. "Mucosal Microvascular Organization of the Rat Colon." Cells Tissues Organs 126, no. 2 (1986): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146191.

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25

Durliat, M., O. Komano, P. Correc, O. Bertrand, S. Cochet, A. Caignard, F. Martin, and P. Burtin. "Plasminogen receptors on rat colon carcinoma cells." British Journal of Cancer 66, no. 1 (July 1992): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1992.215.

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26

Berguer, R., and C. N. Gutt. "Laparoscopic colon surgery in a rat model." Surgical Endoscopy 8, no. 10 (October 1994): 1195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00591049.

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27

Pácha, J., M. Popp, and K. Čapek. "Potassium secretion by neonatal rat distal colon." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 410, no. 4-5 (November 1987): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00586512.

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28

Bollard, Jane E., Mark A. Vanderwee, Gavin W. Smith, Clifford Tasman-Jones, John B. Gavin, and Sum P. Lee. "Preservation of mucusIn situ in rat colon." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 31, no. 12 (December 1986): 1338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01299812.

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29

Kiyohara, T., M. Okuno, H. Ishikawa, T. Nakanishi, Y. Shinomura, C. Yanaihara, and Y. Matsuzawa. "Galanin-induced alteration of electrolyte transport in the rat intestine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 263, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): G502—G507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.4.g502.

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Effects of rat and porcine galanin on rat intestinal ion transport were examined in vitro. In the rat distal colon, a sustained increase in short-circuit current (Isc) was produced by the serosal addition of rat galanin at a concentration as low as 10(-9) M, and a maximal increment was observed at 10(-7) M. Porcine galanin was approximately 100 times less potent than rat galanin. In the rat jejunum, rat galanin produced only a slight and transient decrease in basal Isc. The response to rat galanin was not influenced by atropine, hexamethonium, or amiloride, but was virtually abolished by tetrodotoxin or furosemide. Rat galanin did not significantly influence the increase in Isc elicited by electrical field stimulation in the rat colon and jejunum. Transmural unidirectional 22Na and 36Cl fluxes in the rat colonic mucosa were measured under short-circuited conditions, and rat galanin significantly decreased net sodium and net chloride absorption. These findings suggest that galanin acts as a secretory modulator in the rat colon via noncholinergic neural transmission.

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30

Ojha, Mini, NV Satheesh Madhav, and Anita Singh. "Synthesis and evaluation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose azo polymer for colon specificity." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 1, no. 8 (July 5, 2012): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11252.

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Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is an excellent pharmaceutical excipient. It possesses good filmability, mucoadhesivity, viscolising capacity and bindability. The current aim of our research work is to synthesize a novel colon targeting polymer by using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and glycine for colon targeting and to screen its colon specificity by in-vitro release model. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was subjected for synthesizing its derivative with glycine using azo linkage. The azo polymeric conjugate was evaluated for its color, solubility, Rf value, melting point, IR and 1HNMR spectral analysis. It was further subjected for evaluating its colon targeting property by in-vitro method using rat fecal matter. The research study revealed that the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose azo derivative showed promising colon specificity for a period of 120 minutes in a controlled manner along with modified solubility. So it can serve as a potential colon targeting polymer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11252 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(8): 209-212

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31

Sangan, Pitchai, Sarah S. Kolla, Vazhaikkurichi M. Rajendran, Michael Kashgarian, and Henry J. Binder. "Colonic H-K-ATPase β-subunit: identification in apical membranes and regulation by dietary K depletion." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 276, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): C350—C360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.2.c350.

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P-type ATPases require both α- and β-subunits for functional activity. Although an α-subunit for colonic apical membrane H-K-ATPase (HKcα) has been identified and studied, its β-subunit has not been identified. We cloned putative β-subunit rat colonic H-K-ATPase (HKcβ) cDNA that encodes a 279-amino-acid protein with a single transmembrane domain and sequence homology to other rat β-subunits. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that this HKcβ is expressed in several rat tissues, including distal and proximal colon, and is highly expressed in testis and lung. HKcβ mRNA abundance is upregulated threefold compared with normal in distal colon but not proximal colon, testis, or lung of K-depleted rats. In contrast, Na-K-ATPase β1 mRNA abundance is unaltered in distal colon of K-depleted rats. Na depletion, which also stimulates active K absorption in distal colon, does not increase HKcβ mRNA abundance. Western blot analyses using a polyclonal antibody raised to a glutathione S-transferase-HKcβ fusion protein established expression of a 45-kDa HKcβ protein in both apical and basolateral membranes of rat distal colon, but K depletion increased HKcβ protein expression only in apical membranes. Physical association between HKcβ and HKcα proteins was demonstrated by Western blot analysis performed with HKcβ antibody on immunoprecipitate of apical membranes of rat distal colon and HKcα antibody. Tissue-specific upregulation of this β-subunit mRNA in response to K depletion, localization of its protein, its upregulation by K depletion in apical membranes of distal colon, and its physical association with HKcα protein provide compelling evidence that HKcβ is the putative β-subunit of colonic H-K-ATPase.

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32

Ziliotto, L., LF Barbisan, and MAM Rodrigues. "Lack of chemoprevention of dietary Agaricus blazei against rat colonic aberrant crypt foci." Human & Experimental Toxicology 27, no. 6 (June 2008): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327108091862.

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The mushroom Agaricus blazei ( Ab) has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases including cancer. No information is available on its possible protective effects on the development of colon cancer. The potential blocking effect of Ab intake on the initiation stage of colon carcinogenesis was investigated in a short-term (4-week) bioassay using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as biomarker. Male Wistar rats were given four subcutaneous injections of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 40 mg/kg bw, twice a week), during 2 weeks to induce ACF. The diet containing Ab at 5% was given 2 weeks before and during carcinogen treatment to investigate the potential beneficial effects of this edible mushroom on DMH-induced ACF. All groups were killed at the end of the fourth week. The colons were analyzed for ACF formation in 1% methylene blue whole-mount preparations and for cell proliferation in histological sections immunohistochemically stained for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). All DMH-treated rats developed ACF mainly in the middle and distal colon. Agaricus blazei intake at 5% did not alter the number of ACF induced by DMH or the PCNA indices in the colonic mucosa. Thus, the results of the present study did not confirm a chemopreventive activity of Ab on the initiation stage of rat colon carcinogenesis.

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33

Bastl, C. P., L. Bressler, G. Schulman, M. Mendez, and E. J. Cragoe. "Low-dose glucocorticoids maintain Na-H exchange in distal colon of adrenalectomized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 261, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): F545—F553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.261.3.f545.

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With in vivo perfusion we demonstrated that physiological doses of glucocorticoids restore Na and Cl absorption in adrenalectomized rat colon. The absorption is spironolactone and amiloride resistant and is inhibited by the Na-H inhibitor, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA), suggesting that glucocorticoids modulate Na-H antiport. The present in vitro study examines pathways mediated by glucocorticoids in adrenalectomized rat distal colon and rectum. In vivo administration of 2.5 micrograms/100 g body wt dexamethasone did not alter serosal-to-mucosal flux or tissue electrical parameters but restored mucosal-to-serosal flux and net Na and Cl absorption within 2–3 h of administration to levels found in intact rat colon. Transport was not inhibited by 10(-5) M amiloride but was eliminated by 10(-5) M EIPA. After 26 h of dexamethasone, an amiloride-resistant short-circuit current was stimulated, accompanied by increased residual ion flux in rectum, but not distal colon, suggesting that a delayed or secondary effect of glucocorticoids is stimulation of electrogenic anion secretion. Thus adrenalectomy reduces net ion flux in distal colon by its effect on electroneutral mucosal-to-serosal NaCl flux. Small doses of glucocorticoids completely ameliorate this effect via stimulation of the Na-H antiport. Glucocorticoids maintain basal electroneutral NaCl absorption in distal rat colon.

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34

Eto, Bruno, Michel Boisset, Bertrand Griesmar, and Jehan-François Desjeux. "Effect of sorbin on electrolyte transport in rat and human intestine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 276, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): G107—G114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.1.g107.

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Stimulating water absorption in the colon represents an important target to reduce stool output in secretory diarrhea. Recently, a 153-amino-acid peptide was isolated from porcine upper small intestine and purified, taking into account the increase of water absorption in guinea pig gallbladder. Accordingly, this peptide was named sorbin. The aim of the present study was to determine if the COOH-terminal heptapeptide of sorbin (C7-sorbin) participates in the regulation of electrolyte transport in the colon. Different regions (from duodenum to colon) of stripped intestinal mucosa from rats or humans were mounted in Ussing chambers to measure the changes in short-circuit current (Δ Isc) and net22Na and36Cl fluxes ([Formula: see text] and[Formula: see text]) after serosal exposure of 10−7to 10−3M C7-sorbin. In fasted rat intestine, C7-sorbin (10−4M) induced an immediate reduction in Iscin the distal ileum and proximal and distal colon but not in the duodenum and jejunum. In the colon, Iscreduction and[Formula: see text] and[Formula: see text] stimulation were dose dependent (EC50= 2 × 10−5M). At 10−3M, maximal effect was observed (Δ Isc= −1.14 ± 0.05, Δ[Formula: see text] = +4.97 ± 1.38, and Δ[Formula: see text] = +9.25 ± 1.44 μeq ⋅ h−1⋅ cm−2). C7-sorbin (10−3M) inhibited the increase in Iscinduced by a series of 10 secretory agents such as secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, PGE2, and serotonin. In HT-29-Cl19A cells, C7-sorbin induced an increase in Isc, with a maximal effect at 10−3M (Δ Isc= 0.29 ± 0.10 μeq ⋅ h−1⋅ cm−2). In human intestine, a dose-dependent decrease in Iscwas observed in right and sigmoid colons in basal and stimulated conditions (EC50≅ 10−5M; at 10−4M, Δ Isc= −2.66 ± 0.17 μeq ⋅ h−1⋅ cm−2) but not in the jejunum. The results indicate that C7-sorbin stimulated NaCl neutral absorption and inhibited electrogenic Cl−in rat and human intestinal epithelia. In addition, the antisecretory effect was essentially observed in the distal part of both rat and human intestine and the magnitude of the proabsorptive effect was directly related to the magnitude of the previously induced secretion.

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35

OSHIMA, Syunji, Takahiro INAKUMA, and Tomio NARISAWA. "Absorption and Distribution of Lycopene in Rat Colon." Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 45, no. 1 (1999): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.45.129.

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36

Seifert, Wilfried F., Theo Wobbes, Jaap Hoogenhout, Ben M. de Man, Karin M. L. C. Huyben, and Thijs Hendriks. "Intraoperative irradiation delays anastomotic repair in rat colon." American Journal of Surgery 170, no. 3 (September 1995): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80010-8.

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37

Takeuchi, Tadayoshi, Masami Kishi, Toshiaki Ishii, Hideaki Nishio, Tadashi Takewaki, and Fumiaki Hata. "Mechanisms of PACAF-mediated relaxation is rat colon." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 73 (1997): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)44707-0.

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38

Yoneda, Satoshi, Makoto Kadowaki, Shiho Sugimori, Fumiko Sekiguchi, Satoru Sunano, Hiroshi Fukui, and Miyako Takaki. "Rhythmic Spontaneous Contractions in the Rat Proximal Colon." Japanese Journal of Physiology 51, no. 6 (2001): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol.51.717.

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39

Della Valle, N., G. D'Argenio, M. G. Farrace, V. Cosenza, F. De Ritis, M. Piacentini, and G. Mazzacca. "Apoptosis in colon of rat with induced colitis." Digestive and Liver Disease 32 (May 2000): A41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(00)80209-1.

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40

Schaeffer, Christiane, Caroline Habold, Elisabeth Martin, Jean-Herv?? Lignot, Mich??le Kedinger, and Charlotte Foltzer-Jourdainne. "Cytokine Expression in Rat Colon During Postnatal Development." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 43, no. 4 (October 2006): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mpg.0000239989.27893.f1.

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41

Perrone, R. D., J. P. Nye, D. E. McBride, D. J. Zahniser, J. J. Geyer, and A. A. Ucci. "Aldosterone induces apical vesicles in rat distal colon." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 259, no. 1 (July 1, 1990): F65—F71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.259.1.f65.

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Mineralocorticoid steroids markedly alter ion transport in responsive epithelia. Increases in absorption of Na+ and secretion of K+ and H+ are accompanied by increases in surface area of the basolateral membrane. The basolateral membrane changes are associated with increased Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and increased numbers of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase pump sites. It is thought that H+ secretion is mediated by H+ pumps contained in apical vesicles that are added to the luminal membrane in response to acidifying stimuli. Whether there are changes in the number or volume of apical vesicles in response to aldosterone has not been evaluated. To this purpose, we evaluated apical membrane morphology in rat distal colon, a mineralocorticoid-responsive epithelium. We found that aldosterone infused for 4-7 days by osmotic minipump significantly increased the number, surface density, and total volume of apical vesicles. Exposure of tissues to 5% CO2 for 15 min before fixation resulted in significant decreases in vesicle number, surface density, and volume in aldosterone-stimulated tissues. After CO2, apical vesicles in aldosterone-stimulated tissues tended to be closer to the luminal membrane; apical membrane surface density was increased but not to a significant degree. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated acridine orange accumulation in discrete points under the lumen, suggesting the presence of acidic vesicles in this location. We propose that aldosterone increases the activity of a membrane shuttle system that is regulated by CO2 as found in other H(+)-secreting epithelia. This system may mediate aldosterone-induced changes in colonic H+ transport.

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42

Cristià, Esther, Concepció Amat, Richard J. Naftalin, and Miquel Moretó. "Role of vasopressin in rat distal colon function." Journal of Physiology 578, no. 2 (January 12, 2007): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2006.118315.

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43

Crombruggen, K. Van, and R. A. Lefebvre. "Nitrergic-purinergic interactions in rat distal colon motility." Neurogastroenterology and Motility 16, no. 1 (February 2004): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2982.2003.00454.x.

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44

Lightfoot, F. G., L. E. Grau, M. M. Cassidy, G. R. Tadvalkar, and G. V. Vahouny. "Ultrastructural Study of Rat Colon Following Psyllium Ingestion." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100119685.

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Psyllium hydrophillic mucilloid is a natural gelling fiber consumed by a large population of our society. It is used as a bulk-producing laxative and in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as “Irritable Bowel Syndrome”. The literature pertaining to the ultrastructural effects of this agent is sparse.This study documents morphological changes induced by psyllium. Animals fed a diet containing 2% psyllium for four weeks were subsequently sacrificed and processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The colon contained fecal material combined with psyllium which conformed to the contour of the luminal surface. This mixture formed surface replicas of the intestinal mucosa. These replicas and their related colonic sites were processed for morphologic analysis.

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45

Kuhn, Gisela, Rainer Cermak, Kathrin Minck, Zoran Vujicic, and Erwin Scharrer. "Gossypol induces chloride secretion in rat proximal colon." European Journal of Pharmacology 457, no. 2-3 (December 2002): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02660-2.

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46

Lubcke, R., K. Haag, E. Berger, H. Knauf, and W. Gerok. "Ion transport in rat proximal colon in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 251, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): G132—G139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1986.251.1.g132.

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Active Na+ absorption by the rat proximal colon in vivo is for the most part electrically silent. The rheogenic Na+ flux makes up only 8%. To elucidate the underlying transport pathways, the following experimental approaches were used: ion substitution experiments such as choline for Na+, cyclamate for Cl-, variation of luminal pH; administration of known inhibitors; and determination of changes in luminal CO2 tension and pH. The transcolonic ion fluxes as well as the electrical parameters potential difference, specific electrical resistance, and short-circuit current were monitored. Na+ transport was drastically reduced in the absence of luminal Cl-, and vice versa Cl- absorption was blocked at zero Na+. NaCl absorption was blocked by amiloride (10(-3) M) and 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid and was lowered by acetazolamide. Colonic NaCl absorption was not influenced by luminal furosemide. Na+ absorption increased with alkalinization of the luminal fluid. Tris instead of HCO-3 buffer at constant pH favored Cl- uptake. The results may easily be explained by the operation of a Na+-H+ antiport functionally coupled to a Cl(-)-HCO-3 antiport. These transport processes are supposed to be present in the columnar cells of the colonic epithelium. There is good evidence for the association of K+ secretion with rheogenic Cl- secretion by the crypt cells.

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47

Feldman, G. M., J. D. Koethe, and R. L. Stephenson. "Base secretion in rat distal colon: ionic requirements." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 258, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): G825—G832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.6.g825.

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To evaluate the ionic requirements of colonic base secretion, segments of rat distal colon were studied under short-circuited conditions. Net base flux was composed of an active secretory component and a diffusive component. Studied in the absence of a transepithelial HCO3- concentration gradient, active base secretion was dependent on the HCO3- concentration of the bathing solution but was not influenced by the CO2 tension or pH. Base secretion appeared to saturate with a Km of 33 +/- 9 mM and was inhibited by ouabain. The diffusive component was characterized by an apparent permeability coefficient to HCO3- of 8.9 +/- 0.9 x 10(-6) cm/s. In addition to requiring HCO3- on the serosal surface, net base secretion was inhibited by reducing the Na+ concentration in the serosal medium and the Cl- concentration in the mucosal medium. These data suggest that colonic base secretion involves HCO3- entry across the basolateral surface, energized by the Na+ gradient, and HCO3- exit across the apical surface in exchange for Cl-.

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48

Lovett, James V., and D. Byron McGregor. "Pentagastrin Stimulates Potassium Absorption from the Rat Colon." Journal of Investigative Surgery 4, no. 4 (January 1991): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08941939109141173.

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49

Padidar, Sara, Charles S. Bestwick, Tim P. King, Garry J. Rucklidge, Gary J. Duncan, Martin D. Reid, and Janice E. Drew. "Profiling of mitochondrial associated proteins from rat colon." Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 103, no. 1 (2007): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.21391.

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50

Cuthbert, A. W. "Calcium-dependent chloride secretion in rat colon epithelium." Journal of Physiology 361, no. 1 (April 1, 1985): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015629.

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