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1
Dupras, Robert, Louise Brissette, Paul D. Roach, Sylvain Begin, André Tremblay, and Simon-Pierre Noël. "The disappearance rate of human versus rat intermediate density lipoproteins from rat liver perfusion." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 69, no. 8 (1991): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o91-079.
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The aim of this work was to compare the disappearance rate of human and rat intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) using the rat liver perfusion system. Human and rat IDL were produced in vitro by incubating human or rat very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) with either rat post-heparin plasma (method I) or a resolubilized isopropanol precipitate of rat post-heparin plasma (method II). With both methods, the degree of triacylglycerol lipolysis was approximately 55%. The different preparations of IDL were labelled with 125I and added to perfusates of rat livers. The disappearance rates of 125I-labelled IDL were monitored by measuring the radioactivity associated with apolipoprotein (apo) B in the perfusate during a 15-min period. Both human and rat IDL prepared with method I had an increased apoE to apoC ratio as compared with their native counterparts. Furthermore, human IDL had a significantly higher apoE to apoC ratio than rat IDL. However, when IDL were produced in the absence of exchangeable apolipoproteins (method II), no change in the apoE to apoC ratios was observed for the transformation of VLDL to IDL and the ratios were similar for human and rat IDL. Despite these differences, human IDL were always removed at a lower rate than rat IDL. The only striking difference between the two types of IDL made by method II was that the apoB100 to apoB48 ratio was considerably higher in human than in rat IDL. These results suggest that the apoB100 to apoB48 ratio is likely to be responsible for the observed differences in liver uptake between rat and human IDL.Key words: very low density lipoproteins, intermediate density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, hepatic lipoprotein receptors, intermediate density lipoprotein uptake, in vitro lipolysis, very low density lipoprotein remnants, apolipoproteins.
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Afianto, Rery, Muthmainnah Muthmainnah, Retno Hestiningsih, Nissa Kusariana, and Dwi Sutiningsih. "Relationship Factors of Prevention of Leptospirosis Disease Prevention of Rat Rate in Tandang Village, Semarang City." Journal of Community Health Provision 4, no. 1 (2024): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55885/jchp.v4i1.383.
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Based on data from the Semarang City Health Office, the highest rat population in Tembalang District in 2019 was in Tandang Village, with 164 rats caught. In addition, in 2018 there were 4 cases of Leptospirosis in Tandang Village and Leptospirosis was the highest infectious disease in Tandang Village, Tembalang District, Semarang City. This study aims to determine the relationship between the behavioral factors of leptospirosis disease prevention on rat density in Tandang Village, Semarang City. This study is a cross sectional study with a total sample of 64 respondents (RW 03 Tandang Village, Semarang City). The results of the analysis showed that the relative density of rats (trap success) in Tandang village was 28.1% and it was categorized as dense (> 7%) and showed that there was no relationship between knowledge of rat density (α = 0.05. P = 0.068), community attitudes. In the prevention of leptospirosis on rat density (α = 0.05. p = 0.07), there was a relationship between leptospirosis prevention behavior and rat density (α = p = 0.00). Conclusion: There is no relationship between knowledge and attitude in the prevention of leptospirosis on rat density. There is a relationship between leptospirosis prevention practices and rat density in Tandang Village, Semarang City.
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GUERRE-MILLO, Michèle, Giulia BALDINI, Harvey F. LODISH, Marcelle LAVAU, and Samuel W. CUSHMAN. "Rab 3D in rat adipose cells and its overexpression in genetic obesity (Zucker fatty rat)." Biochemical Journal 321, no. 1 (1997): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3210089.
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Members of the Rab 3 subfamily of low-molecular-mass GTP-binding proteins have been functionally implicated in regulated exocytosis. The aim of the present study was to examine the subcellular distribution of a member of this family, Rab 3D, in rat adipose cells, given the hypothesis that this protein might be involved in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 exocytosis. We show that Rab 3D immunoreactivity is associated predominantly with the high-density microsomal fraction, where the signal intensity is 3-and 7-fold greater than that in plasma membranes and low-density microsomes respectively. Rab 3D does not co-localize with GLUT4 on immuno-isolated intracellular vesicles and, unlike GLUT4, it is not redistributed in response to insulin. Thus, if Rab 3D plays a role in GLUT4 trafficking, it relies on mechanisms independent of relocation. We observed that Rab 3D is overexpressed in adipose cells of obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats, in a tissue- and isoform-specific manner. The pathophysiological significance of this defect remains elusive. This could form the molecular basis for altered adipose secretory function in obesity.
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Blakely, P., D. A. Vaughn, and D. D. Fanestil. "Amylin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and adrenomedullin: effects on thiazide receptor and calcium." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 272, no. 3 (1997): F410—F415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.3.f410.
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We previously reported that salmon calcitonin, but not rat calcitonin, increased renal thiazide receptor (TZR) density and decreased renal calcium [urinary calcium excretion (U(Caex))] in the rat. Since calcitonins, islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin), calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), and adrenomedullin interact with a family of calcitonin-related receptors, we examined the effects of these peptides on 1) TZR density, as quantitated by binding of [3H]metolazone to renal membranes; 2) plasma ionic composition; and 3) urinary electrolyte excretion. Subcutaneous amylin both increased TZR density nearly twofold and decreased U(Caex), with maximal effects by 24 h. The decreased U(Caex) occurred with plasma amylin levels in the physiological range, whereas the increased TZR did not reach maximum even with plasma amylin >100 times above normal. Similar doses of adrenomedullin increased TZR density modestly but without effect on U(Caex), whereas CGRP did not alter TZR density and tended to increase U(Caex). We propose that U(Caex) and TZR density in the rat kidney are regulated by rat amylin but not by rat calcitonin.
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Cummins, T. R., Y. Xia, and G. G. Haddad. "Functional properties of rat and human neocortical voltage-sensitive sodium currents." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 3 (1994): 1052–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.3.1052.
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1. The functional properties of sodium currents in acutely dissociated adult human, neonatal rat [postnatal day (P) 3 and P10], and mature rat (P21-23) neocortical pyramidal neurons were studied using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. 2. The voltage dependence of activation and steady-state inactivation of neonatal rat sodium currents was shifted in the positive direction when compared with mature rat sodium currents. In contrast, no difference was detected between the voltage dependence of activation and steady-state inactivation of mature rat and adult human sodium currents. 3. The fast inactivation of rat (neonatal and mature) and human neocortical sodium currents were best fit with three components; a fast decay component, a slow decay component, and a persistent component. The magnitude of the persistent current in neocortical neurons averaged 1-3% of the peak current. Inactivation was faster for sodium currents in neonatal rat neocortical neurons than in mature neurons. No difference was detected in the kinetics of inactivation between mature rat and adult human sodium currents. 4. Saxitoxin (STX) inhibited neuronal sodium currents at nanomolar concentrations in neonatal and mature rat and adult human neocortical neurons. STX-insensitive channels were not detected. 5. STX affinity was also assayed using 3H-STX. A single high-affinity binding site was found in neonatal rat, mature rat, and adult human neocortical tissue. A developmental increase in STX binding site density in the rat neocortex was tightly correlated with the increase in the sodium current density (normalized to cell capacitance). Human neocortical tissue and mature rat neocortical tissue did not differ in STX binding site density or sodium current density. 6. From these electrophysiological and autoradiographic studies we conclude that 1) the increase in the normalized sodium current density and STX binding density with age postnatally reflects an increase in binding sites of sodium channels functionally expressed on neuronal membranes, 2) the functional differences in channel behavior with maturation can explain the higher threshold for excitation in neonatal neocortical neurons and the increase in accommodation or adaptation in firing in the mature neuron, and 3) mature rat neocortical neurons represent a valid model for the study of adult human pyramidal neocortical neurons in terms of Na+ channel expression and function.
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van 't Hooft, Ferdinand M., and Arie van Toi. "The sites of degradation of purified rat low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in the rat." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 836, no. 3 (1985): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(85)90138-9.
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Keman, Soedjajadi. "Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastics in the Blood Seems not Induce Alzheimer’s Disease in Wistar Rat." Public Health Open Access 7, no. 2 (2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/phoa-16000250.
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Microplastic particles <5 mm in the blood pose health problems to humans. One of the entry points for low density polyethylene microplastics in the human blood is through consumption of contaminated food. These low density polyethylene microplastic particles are found in table salt, canned sardines, beer, sea fish, honey, sugar, tea bags, minerals and drinking water. These findings estimated between 37 to as high as billion microplastic particles from those various food products. The number of low density polyethylene microplastic particles that contaminate food and beverages will continue to increase along with the increase in plastic debris in the environment.
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Li, Ka Wan, Martin P. Hornshaw, Roel C. Van der Schors, et al. "Proteomics Analysis of Rat Brain Postsynaptic Density." Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, no. 2 (2003): 987–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m303116200.
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Blakely, P., D. A. Vaughn, and D. D. Fanestil. "Effects of calcium-modulating hormones on thiazide receptor density." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 7, no. 7 (1996): 1052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v771052.
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Thiazide diuretic drugs act in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) to inhibit a Na+Cl- cotransporter and enhance reabsorption of luminal calcium. The density of receptors for thiazides in the rat DCT is known to be increased by adrenocortical steroids, furosemide, and bendroflumethiazide, but decreased by ischemia. Because the DCT is a physiologic site of action by calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, this study examined the effects of these calcitropic hormones in thyroparathyroidectomized Sprague-Dawley rats on (1) the density of the rat thiazide receptor (TZR), as quantitated by binding of (3H)metolazone to renal membranes, and (2) urinary electrolyte excretion rate. Salmon calcitonin (sCT) (20 to 100 ng/h) (1) increased the density of the renal TZR twofold, an effect that is maximal by 6 h after sCT administration, and (2) decreased urinary calcium excretion rate. Adequate dietary calcium must be provided for the effects of sCT to be observed. Regression analysis demonstrated that renal TZR density correlated negatively with total urinary calcium excretion rate but not with plasma calcium ion concentration. In addition, neither rat calcitonin (rCT), at doses that cause hypocalcemia, nor parathyroid hormone, at doses that cause hypercalcemia, produce direct effects on TZR density in the DCT of the thyroparathyroidectomized rat. Our findings indicate that upregulation of TZR by sCT, which occurs independently of plasma calcium-ion concentration, is likely via a calcitonin-like receptor other than that for rat calcitonin itself.
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Shen, Xin-Yi, and Aubie Angel. "Identification of high density lipoprotein binding proteins in mature adipocyte plasma membranes." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 71, no. 7-8 (1993): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o93-052.
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High density lipoprotein (HDL) binding proteins were identified in nonreduced detergent extracts of plasma membranes or crude membrane fractions of rat adipocytes by ligand blotting. Using 125I-labelled human apolipoprotein-E-free HDL ([125I]HDL3), two binding proteins in adipocyte membranes were detected with apparent molecular masses of 122 and 88 kilodaltons (kDa), respectively. The binding of HDL3 to both binding proteins was abolished by pronase treatment and was inhibited by excess unlabelled HDL3. Excessive unlabelled low density lipoprotein reduced the binding of [125I]HDL3 to the 122-kDa binding protein relatively less than that to the 88-kDa binding protein. Polyclonal antisera against purified rat apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) effectively inhibited the binding of HDL3 to adipocyte membranes. Affinity-purified antibodies against rat apoA-I also revealed two HDL-binding proteins in rat adipocyte and liver plasma membranes preincubated with rat HDL. The sizes of the HDL-binding proteins in adipocyte plasma membranes detected by anti-apoA-I were similar to those detected by radiolabelled ligand blotting and their counterparts in rat liver plasma membranes. The study demonstrates two HDL-binding proteins, distinguishable by apparent molecular masses and ligand binding affinity, in plasma membrane proteins of mature rat adipocytes using radiolabelled ligand and immunoligand blotting techniques. The results suggest that apoA-I is involved in the interactions between HDL and both variants of HDL-binding proteins.Key words: high density lipoprotein binding proteins, rat adipocytes, apolipoprotein A-I.
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Hanslowe, Emma B., Amy A. Yackel Adams, Melia G. Nafus, et al. "Chew-cards can accurately index invasive rat densities in Mariana Island forests." NeoBiota 74 (June 2, 2022): 29–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.80242.
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Rats (Rattus spp.) are likely established on 80–90% of the world’s islands and represent one of the most damaging and expensive biological invaders. Effective rat control tools exist but require accurate population density estimates or indices to inform treatment timing and effort and to assess treatment efficacy. Capture-mark-recapture data are frequently used to produce robust density estimates, but collecting these data can be expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. We tested a potentially cheaper and easier alternative, chew-cards, as a count-based (quantitative) index of invasive rat densities in tropical forests in the Mariana Islands, an archipelago in the western North Pacific Ocean. We trialed chew-cards in nine forest grids on two Mariana Islands by comparing the proportion of cards chewed to capture-mark-recapture density estimates and manipulated rat densities to test whether the relationship was retained. Chew-card counts were positively correlated with rat capture-mark-recapture density estimates across a range of rat densities found in the region. Additionally, the correlation between the two sampling methods increased with the number of days chew-cards were deployed. Specifically, when chew-cards were deployed for five nights, a 10% increase in the proportion of cards chewed equated to an estimated increase in rat density of approximately 2.4 individuals per ha (R2 = 0.74). Chew-cards can provide a valid index of rat densities in Mariana Island forests and are a cheaper alternative to capture-mark-recapture sampling when relative differences in density are of primary interest. New cost-effective monitoring tools can enhance our understanding and management of invaded islands while stretching limited resources further than some conventional approaches, thus improving invasive species management on islands.
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Hanslowe, Emma B., Adams Amy A. Yackel, Melia G. Nafus, et al. "Chew-cards can accurately index invasive rat densities in Mariana Island forests." NeoBiota 74 (June 2, 2022): 29–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.80242.
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Rats (Rattus spp.) are likely established on 80–90% of the world's islands and represent one of the most damaging and expensive biological invaders. Effective rat control tools exist but require accurate population density estimates or indices to inform treatment timing and effort and to assess treatment efficacy. Capture-mark-recapture data are frequently used to produce robust density estimates, but collecting these data can be expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. We tested a potentially cheaper and easier alternative, chew-cards, as a count-based (quantitative) index of invasive rat densities in tropical forests in the Mariana Islands, an archipelago in the western North Pacific Ocean. We trialed chew-cards in nine forest grids on two Mariana Islands by comparing the proportion of cards chewed to capture-mark-recapture density estimates and manipulated rat densities to test whether the relationship was retained. Chew-card counts were positively correlated with rat capture-mark-recapture density estimates across a range of rat densities found in the region. Additionally, the correlation between the two sampling methods increased with the number of days chew-cards were deployed. Specifically, when chew-cards were deployed for five nights, a 10% increase in the proportion of cards chewed equated to an estimated increase in rat density of approximately 2.4 individuals per ha (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.74). Chew-cards can provide a valid index of rat densities in Mariana Island forests and are a cheaper alternative to capture-mark-recapture sampling when relative differences in density are of primary interest. New cost-effective monitoring tools can enhance our understanding and management of invaded islands while stretching limited resources further than some conventional approaches, thus improving invasive species management on islands.
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Edwards, R. A., P. L. Lutz, and D. G. Baden. "Relationship between energy expenditure and ion channel density in the turtle and rat brain." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, no. 6 (1989): R1354—R1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.6.r1354.
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Synaptosomes were isolated from turtle and rat brains to determine whether differences in brain ion channel densities accounted for the turtle's ability to survive anoxia compared with the mammal. The Na(+)-channel binding neurotoxin brevetoxin showed high-affinity specific binding in both turtle and rat synaptosomes, suggesting specific ligand-receptor interaction. The maximum binding capacity (Bmax) value for the turtle was only about one-third of that found for the rat synaptosomes, suggesting that the turtle synaptosome has a correspondingly lower Na+ channel density than the rat. This apparent difference in Na+ channel density is not reflected in metabolic rates, since at the same temperature (31 degrees C) the O2 consumption of both the rat and turtle synaptosome was almost identical. The large reductions in energy expenditure seen in synaptosomes incubated in Na(+)-free media and in media containing ouabain (approximately 50% turtle, 80% rat) are probably related to the halting of transmembrane Na(+)-K+ exchange. The greater reduction in the rat may be related to the apparent greater density of Na+ channels in the rat brain. However, compared with the 90% reduction in brain metabolism that occurs when the turtle brain becomes anoxic, the differences in ion channel density and in the costs of ion pumping between the rat and turtle brain are trivial. Closing Na+ channels with tetrodotoxin and increasing Na+ channel activation with veratridine caused substantial decreases and increases in synaptosome energy consumption, respectively. This suggests that the modulation of ion channel conductance has a significant effect on metabolic cost and may be an important mechanism to reduce energy consumption and electrical activity in the anoxic turtle brain, while still maintaining ionic gradients.
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Ismedsyah, Lavinur, and Melva Simatupang. "Potential of Uwi (Dioscorea alata L.) as Antiosteoporosis in Histopathological Appearance of Rat Bone (Rattus novergicus)." ENDLESS: International Journal of Future Studies 5, no. 2 (2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/endlessjournal.v5i2.70.
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Estrogen deficiency can be overcome by hormone replacement therapy, but it causes various unwanted effects in the long term. Phytoestrogens meet the criteria for having estrogen-like activity. Sweet potato root (Dioscorea alata L.) as a phytoestrogen was used in this study to anticipate bone loss (osteoporosis) in postmenopausal women. This study aims to determine the potential of uwi in bone density in rats by looking at the decrease in the number of osteoclasts. Laboratory experimental research method with a research design using RAL (Rak Complete) with five treatments and six replications. The results showed that the average number of osteoclasts from the negative control group was 4.67; the positive control of 2.83; by offering uwi extract at a dose of 600 milligrams/200 grams. Rat BB 2.16; presented Uwi extract dose of 800 milligrams/200 grams of rat B.B. as much as 2.83; presented Uwi extract at a dose of 1000 milligrams/200 grams Rat BB 1.0; and 2.5 . false group. This study concludes that Uwi is likely to maintain bone density in rats with osteoporosis by decreasing the number of osteoclasts.
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van Tol, A., G. M. Dallinga-Thie, T. van Gent, and F. M. van 't Hooft. "Specific saturable binding of rat high-density lipoproteins to rat kidney membranes." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 876, no. 2 (1986): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(86)90293-6.
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Ishikawa, Yasuko, Zhenfang Yuan, Noriko Inoue, et al. "Identification of AQP5 in lipid rafts and its translocation to apical membranes by activation of M3mAChRs in interlobular ducts of rat parotid gland." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 289, no. 5 (2005): C1303—C1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00211.2005.
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Aquaporin-5 (AQP5), an apical plasma membrane (APM) water channel in salivary glands, lacrimal glands, and airway epithelium, has an important role in fluid secretion. M3muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-induced changes in AQP5 localization in rat parotid glands were investigated with immunofluorescence or immunoelectron microscopy, detergent solubility, and gradient density floatation assays. Confocal microscopy revealed AQP5 localization in intracellular vesicles of interlobular duct cells in rat parotid glands and AQP5 trafficking to the APM 10 min after injection of the mAChR agonist cevimeline. Conversely, 60 min after injection, there was a diffuse pattern of AQP5 staining in the cell cytoplasm. The calcium ionophore A-23187 mimicked the effects of cevimeline. Immunoelectron microscopic studies confirmed that cevimeline induced AQP5 trafficking from intracellular structures to APMs in the interlobular duct cells of rat parotid glands. Lipid raft markers flotillin-2 and GM1 colocalized with AQP5 and moved with AQP5 in response to cevimeline. Under control conditions, the majority of AQP5 localized in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction and floated to the light-density fraction on discontinuous density gradients. After 10-min incubation of parotid tissue slices with cevimeline or A-23187, AQP5 levels decreased in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction and increased in the Triton X-100-soluble fraction. Thus AQP5 localizes in the intracellular lipid rafts, and M3mAChR activation induces AQP5 trafficking to the APM with lipid rafts via intracellular Ca2+signaling and induces AQP5 dissociation from lipid rafts to nonrafts on the APM in the interlobular duct cells of rat parotid glands.
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Morgan, E. H., G. D. Smith, and T. J. Peters. "Uptake and subcellular processing of 59Fe-125I-labelled transferrin by rat liver." Biochemical Journal 237, no. 1 (1986): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2370163.
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The uptake of transferrin and iron by the rat liver was studied after intravenous injection or perfusion in vitro with diferric rat transferrin labelled with 125I and 59Fe. It was shown by subcellular fractionation on sucrose density gradients that 125I-transferrin was predominantly associated with a low-density membrane fraction, of similar density to the Golgi-membrane marker galactosyltransferase. Electron-microscope autoradiography demonstrated that most of the 125I-transferrin was located in hepatocytes. The 59Fe had a bimodal distribution, with a larger peak at a similar low density to that of labelled transferrin and a smaller peak at higher density coincident with the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. Approx. 50% of the 59Fe in the low-density peak was precipitated with anti-(rat ferritin) serum. Uptake of transferrin into the low-density fraction was rapid, reaching a maximal level after 5-10 min. When livers were perfused with various concentrations of transferrin the total uptakes of both iron and transferrin and incorporation into their subcellular fractions were curvilinear, increasing with transferrin concentrations up to at least 10 microM. Analysis of the transferrin-uptake data indicated the presence of specific transferrin receptors with an association constant of approx. 5 × 10(6) M-1, with some non-specific binding. Neither rat nor bovine serum albumin was taken up into the low-density fractions of the liver. Chase experiments with the perfused liver showed that most of the 125I-transferrin was rapidly released from the liver, predominantly in an undegraded form, as indicated by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid. Approx. 40% of the 59Fe was also released. It is concluded that the uptake of transferrin-bound iron by the liver of the rat results from endocytosis by hepatocytes of the iron-transferrin complex into low-density vesicles followed by release of iron from the transferrin and recycling of the transferrin to the extracellular medium. The iron is rapidly incorporated into mitochondria and cytosolic ferritin.
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Desplanches, D., S. R. Kayar, B. Sempore, R. Flandrois, and H. Hoppeler. "Rat soleus muscle ultrastructure after hindlimb suspension." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 2 (1990): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.2.504.
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The aim of the present investigation was to determine, by quantitative electron microscopy, the effects of a 5-wk tail-suspension period on rat soleus muscle ultrastructure. A marked decline (-60%) in muscle mass occurred. The mean fiber cross-sectional area decreased to a greater extent (-75%) than the capillary-to-fiber ratio (-37%), leading to a higher capillary density (+148%) after hypokinesia. The total mitochondrial volume density remained unchanged, whereas the volume density of myofibrils was slightly but significantly reduced (-6%). A shift from subsarcolemmal to interfibrillar mitochondria occurred. Interfibrillar mitochondrial volume density was highest near the fiber border and decreased toward the fiber center. An increase in volume density of satellite cells suggested muscle regenerative events. Soleus atrophy with tail suspension greatly decreases the muscular volume but leaves the ultrastructural composition of muscle fibers relatively unaffected.
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De Water, R., J. A. A. M. Kamps, M. C. M. Van Dijk та ін. "Characterization of the low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-independent interaction of β-very-low-density lipoprotein with rat and human parenchymal liver cells in vitro". Biochemical Journal 282, № 1 (1992): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2820041.
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beta-Migrating very-low-density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) is a cholesteryl-ester-enriched lipoprotein which under normal conditions is rapidly cleared by parenchymal liver cells. In this study the characteristics of the interaction of beta-VLDL with rat parenchymal cells, Hep G2 cells and human parenchymal cells are evaluated. The binding of beta-VLDL to these cells follows saturation kinetics (Bmax. respectively 117, 106 and 103 ng of beta-VLDL apoliprotein/mg of cell protein), with a relatively high affinity (Kd respectively for beta-VLDL of 10.7, 5.1 and 8.4 micrograms/ml). Competition studies of unlabelled beta-VLDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or acetylated LDL with the binding of radiolabelled beta-VLDL indicate that a LDL-receptor-independent, Ca(2+)-independent, specific recognition site for beta-VLDL is present on rat and human parenchymal cells, whereas with Hep G2 cells or mouse macrophages beta-VLDL recognition is performed by the LDL receptor. The binding of beta-VLDL to Hep G2 cells was down-regulated by 89% by prolonged exposure to beta-VLDL, whereas for human parenchymal and rat parenchymal cells down-regulation of 44% and 20% respectively was observed. Studies with antibodies against the LDL receptor support the presence of a LDL-receptor-independent specific beta-VLDL recognition site on rat and human parenchymal cells. It is concluded that a LDL-receptor-independent recognition site for beta-VLDL is present on rat and human parenchymal liver cells. The presence of a LDL-receptor-independent recognition site on human parenchymal cells may mediate in vivo the uptake of beta-VLDL during consumption of a cholesterol-rich diet, when LDL receptors are down-regulated, thus protecting against the extrahepatic accumulation of the atherogenic beta-VLDL constituents.
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Scheetz, Todd E., Michael R. Raymond, Darryl Y. Nishimura, et al. "Generation of a High-Density Rat EST Map." Genome Research 11, no. 3 (2001): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.151601.
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Scheetz, T. E. "Generation of a High-Density Rat EST Map." Genome Research 11, no. 3 (2001): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.gr-1516r.
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Heriot, W. J., C. Orlin, and Paul Henkind. "Basal Infolding Density in the Normal Pigmented Rat." Ophthalmology 93, no. 4 (1986): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(86)33711-4.
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Nida Hana Salsabila, Aulia Ayu Adia, Antony Wijaya, et al. "Decrease of collagen number density in rat facial skin due to Porphyromonas gingivalis induction in rat model periodontitis." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 25, no. 2 (2025): 2086–92. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.2.0490.
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Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by bacterial dysbiosis in periodontal tissue. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is the keystone pathogen of periodontitis with the ability to promote systemic inflammation. They can invade other organs outside oral cavity and enter lymphatic and blood vessels. Its virulence factor can affect tissue integrity by disturbing extracellular matrix regulation, resulting in tissue destruction. One of the extracellular matrix components in facial skin is collagen, which is responsible for facial wrinkles. Objectives: To examine collagen number density in rat facial skin due to Porphyromonas gingivalis induction in rat model periodontitis. Methods: In vivo experimental study conducted with 2 control groups (C1, C2) and 2 treatment groups (T1, T2). The treatment groups received P. gingivalis induction for 3 weeks. The treatment group 1 (T1) euthanized 2 weeks after the bacterial induction, along with control group 1 (C1). The treatment group 2 (T2) was euthanized 4 weeks after the bacterial induction, along with control group 2 (C2). The facial skin was taken and prepared for Masson Trichrome staining. Statistical analysis was carried out for the collagen number density. Results: There was significant difference in collagen number density between treatment groups and control groups (p < 0.05). In both treatment groups, the collagen number density is lower than both control groups. Conclusions: There is a significant difference in collagen number density of rat facial skin between P. gingivalis induced and uninduced, and appears lower in rats induced by P. gingivalis.
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Bkaily, Ghassan, Moni Nader, Levon Avedanian, et al. "Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of NHE-1 in the nuclear membranes of rat cardiomyocytes and isolated nuclei of human, rabbit, and rat aortic and liver tissues." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82, no. 8-9 (2004): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y04-119.
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Using immunofluorescence and 3-dimensional confocal microscopy techniques, the present study was designed to verify if NHE-1 is present at the level of the nuclear membrane in cells that are known to express this type of exchanger. Nuclei were isolated from aortic tissues of adult human, rabbit, and rats, as well as from liver tissues of human fetus, and adult rabbit and rat. In addition, cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated from 2-week-old rat. Our results showed the presence of NHE-1 in isolated nuclei of aortic vascular smooth muscle and liver of human, rabbit, and rat. NHE-1 seems to be distributed throughout the isolated nucleus and more particularly at the level of the nuclear membranes. The relative fluorescence density of NHE-1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in isolated liver nuclei of human, when compared with those of rabbit and rat. However, in isolated nuclei of aortic vascular smooth muscle, the relative fluorescence density of NHE-1 was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the rabbit when compared with human and rat. In cultured rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, NHE-1 fluorescent labeling could be easily seen throughout the cell, including the nucleus, and more particularly at both the sarcolemma and the nuclear membranes. In rat cardiomyocytes, the relative fluorescence density of NHE-1 of the sarcolemma membrane, including the cytosol, was significantly lower than that of the whole nucleus (including the nuclear envelope membranes). In conclusion, our results showed that NHE-1 is present at the nuclear membranes and in the nucleoplasm and its distribution and density may depend on cell type and species used. These results suggest that nuclear membranes' NHE-1 may play a role in the modulation of intranuclear pH.Key words: NHE-1, heart, aorta, liver, nuclear membranes, nucleus.
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Bhattacharya, S., S. Balasubramaniam, and L. A. Simons. "Regulation of low-density-lipoprotein metabolism in the rat." Biochemical Journal 234, no. 2 (1986): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2340493.
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The mechanism of regulation of plasma low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism in the rat was studied under a number of experimental conditions. LDL clearance and uptake in the liver was measured after intravenous pulse injection of [14C]sucrose-labelled LDL alone or in combination with reductively methylated [3H]sucrose-labelled LDL. Hyperthyroid rats showed a significant increase in fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and the proportion of LDL degraded in the liver, whereas the synthetic rate of LDL increased by 50%. Receptor-mediated clearance increased 2-fold. Hypothyroid rats showed a significant increase in LDL concentration. The FCR and proportion of LDL degraded in the liver were decreased significantly. Receptor-mediated clearance was also reduced. Cholesterol feeding increased chylomicron, very-low-density-and intermediate-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, but there was no change in the LDL concentration, FCR or the synthetic rate of LDL. Cholestyramine feeding did not induce changes in the kinetic parameters. These results indicate that, in the rat, the hepatic LDL-receptor pathway is under hormonal control, whereas cholesterol and cholestyramine feeding have no demonstrated effect on LDL metabolism.
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Sabri, Mustafa, Debby Novita Ayumi, Muhammad Jalaluddin, Hamny Hamny, Cut Dahlia Iskandar, and Herrialfian Herrialfian. "2. The Effect Of Sipatah-patah (Cissus quadrangularis Salisb) Extract On The Femur Bone Density of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) with Model Ovariectomy." Jurnal Medika Veterinaria 13, no. 1 (2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/j.med.vet..v13i1.4108.
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This research aimed to determine the effect of giving Sipatah-patah extract toward the histopathological and femur bone growth of white rat that was ovariectomized. The experimental animals that were used were 12 white rats divided into 4 treatment group with 3 repetitions. K0 was the ovariectomized rat without giving Sipatah-patah extract (ESP); K1, K2 and K3 were ovariectomized rats which were given Sipatah-patah extract with multilevel doses of 500 mg/kg BW, 700 mg/kg BW and 900 mg/kg BW for 30 days. On the 31st day, rats were euthanized using chloroform and os femur that was taken to being made into histological preparation. There was the decrease in the bones density of the K0 group which is characterized by thinning of trabecular structure, there were lots of osteoclast cells on the edge of the trabecular and lower density of active osteoblasts and passive osteoblasts. The rat of group K1 and K2 showed an improvement on the trabecular structure and lower osteoclast than group K0. The rat of group K3 had a visible improvement of the most congested trabecular structures, cohesive with the most density cell of active osteoblasts than the other groups. The result of this research concluded that the giving of Sipatah-patah extract doses 900 mg/kg BW showed a higher density of trabecular and active osteoblasts than the control group, K1 and K2 on the white rat bones that were ovariectomized.
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Tsuchida, Katsuharu, and Hiroshi Watajima. "Potassium currents in ventricular myocytes from genetically diabetic rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 273, no. 4 (1997): E695—E700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.4.e695.
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Our previous study demonstrated the longer duration of action potential in ventricular myocytes from genetically diabetic WBN/Kob rats without change in calcium channel density compared with age-matched controls [Tsuchida, K., H. Watajima, and S. Otamo. Am. J. Physiol. 267 ( Heart Circ. Physiol. 36): H2280–H2289, 1994]. In the present study we examined the alteration of potassium currents, especially transient outward current, in ventricular myocytes of genetically diabetic WBN/Kob rats. WBN/Kob rats gradually develop hyperglycemia with aging and show some similarity to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus models, which differ from the insulin-dependent streptozotocin-treated rat model. The density of the intracellular calcium ion-independent transient outward current ( I to) from 17- to 19-mo diabetic rat myocytes was significantly smaller than that from age-matched control rat myocytes. In addition, the density of I to from 17- to 19-mo rat myocytes was significantly less than that from 2-mo rat myocytes, suggesting that aging-induced alteration of I to was accelerated by the diabetic state. The steady-state inactivation curves of I to, the recovery from I toinactivation, and the other outward currents were not significantly altered between diabetic myocytes and age-matched control myocytes. In conclusion, the prolonged duration of action potential from genetically diabetic rat myocytes is mainly due to the depressed I to.
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Chai, Siew Yeen, George Christopoulos, Mark E. Cooper, and Patrick M. Sexton. "Characterization of binding sites for amylin, calcitonin, and CGRP in primate kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 274, no. 1 (1998): F51—F62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1998.274.1.f51.
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Analysis of receptor distributions for125I-labeled amylin,125I-labeled calcitonin, and125I-labeled calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in Macaca fascicularis kidney by in vitro autoradiography revealed distinct patterns of binding for each peptide.125I-rat amylin bound primarily to the cortex, being associated with the distal tubule, including apparent binding to the juxtaglomerular apparatus.125I-salmon calcitonin displayed high-density binding in the cortex with low-density binding to the medulla. Emulsion autoradiography indicated that binding was associated with both distal tubule and thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Intense binding was also found often over juxtaglomerular apparatus.125I-rat CGRP-α exhibited low- to moderate-density binding to the inner medulla/papilla with high-density binding over small-, medium-, and large-caliber arteries. Weak binding to the glomerulus was also seen, but no binding was associated with cortical tubules. Competition binding studies, performed with each of the radioligands, revealed peptide specificity profiles for CGRP and calcitonin receptors that were similar to those described in rat. However, the monkey amylin receptors differed from those in rat, exhibiting relatively higher affinity for calcitonin peptides but reduced affinity for CGRP peptides. These studies suggest potential roles for amylin, calcitonin, and CGRP in primate renal function.
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Hoch, Gregory A., and Gregory H. Adler. "Removal of black palm (Astrocaryum standleyanum) seeds by spiny rats (Proechimys semispinosus)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 13, no. 1 (1997): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400010245.
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ABSTRACTA seed-removal experiment was conducted to assess the role of Proechimys semispinosus (Central American spiny rat) as potential predator and disperser of Astrocaryum standleyanum (black palm) seeds. One hundred fresh ripe A. standleyanum fruits were placed in semipermeable cages on each of 14 small islands in Panama, and seed disappearance rates were calculated for each island. Spiny rat density and biomass were determined by live-trapping on each island for 5 consecutive days and 4 nights. Censuses of fruiting trees were conducted on each island to control for effects of food availability on removal of palm fruits. Disappearance rates were related positively to total spiny rat density, density of adult and subadult spiny rats, and spiny rat biomass, but the density of fruiting trees accounted for very little variation. Spiny rats evidently prey heavily on A. standleyanum seeds, based on the high removal rates and on feeding observations of captive individuals. Since spiny rats may scatterhoard A. standleyanum seeds, they may also function as effective seed dispersers if seeds are removed to favourable germination sites unavailable to other seed predators. Results indicate that spiny rats, because of their abundance and wide distribution, may be important but overlooked predators and dispersers of A. standleyanum seeds and of other large-seeded tree species.
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Balqis, U., S. Aisyah, H. Sofyan, M. Admi, D. Darmawi, and M. H. Hamdi. "Healing of diabetic ulcers using jamaican cherry leaf extract cream (Muntingia calabura l.) based on collagen density in white rats (Rattus norvegicus)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1356, no. 1 (2024): 012109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1356/1/012109.
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Abstract This research aims to determine the potential of jamaican cherry leaf extract cream (JCLEC) to accelerate the healing process of diabetic ulcers in white rat based on collagen density. The research used 4 month old male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into K0 (negative control), KP (silver sulfadiazine), K1 (5% JCLEC), K2 (10% JCLEC), and K3 (15% JCLEC). An incision was made on the back of the rat then given JCLEC. Days 3, 7, and 14 after treatment, the wound tissue was collected after the rat were euthanized. Skin tissue was processed and stained with picrosirious red. The rate of wound healing was observed. Collagen density was presented in scoring. Based on the treatment group and observation time, there was a significant difference in collagen density between the treatment groups compared to the control (P<0.05). Based on the treatment group, the scoring of the collagen density was 1.78±0.6 (K0); 2.56±0.88 (KP); 1.78±0.4 (K1); 2.56±0.88 (K2); and 3.1±0.78 (K3). Based on observation time, the average collagen density scoring was 1.8±0.3 (D-3); 2.6±0.4 (D-7); and 2.8±0.6 (D-14). The conclusion is the 15% JCLEC has the potential to accelerate the healing of diabetic ulcers in white rats by stimulate collagen density.
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Steen, Robert G., Anne E. Kwitek-Black, Christopher Glenn, et al. "A High-Density Integrated Genetic Linkage and Radiation Hybrid Map of the Laboratory Rat." Genome Research 9, no. 6 (1999): AP1—AP8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.9.6.ap1.
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The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is a key animal model for biomedical research. However, the genetic infrastructure required for connecting phenotype and genotype in the rat is currently incomplete. Here, we report the construction and integration of two genomic maps: a dense genetic linkage map of the rat and the first radiation hybrid (RH) map of the rat. The genetic map was constructed in two F2 intercrosses (SHRSP × BN and FHH × ACI), containing a total of 4736 simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers. Allele sizes for 4328 of the genetic markers were characterized in 48 of the most commonly used inbred strains. The RH map is a lod ≥ 3 framework map, including 983 SSLPs, thereby allowing integration with markers on various genetic maps and with markers mapped on the RH panel. Together, the maps provide an integrated reference to >3000 genes and ESTs and >8500 genetic markers (5211 of our SSLPs and >3500 SSLPs developed by other groups). [Bihoreau et al. (1997); James and Tanigami, RHdb (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/RHdb/index.html); Wilder (http://www.nih.gov/niams/scientific/ratgbase); Serikawa et al. (1992); RATMAP server (http://ratmap.gen.gu.se)] RH maps (v. 2.0) have been posted on our web sites at http://goliath.ifrc.mcw.edu/LGR/index.htmlor http://curatools.curagen.com/ratmap. Both web sites provide an RH mapping server where investigators can localize their own RH vectors relative to this map. The raw data have been deposited in the RHdb database. Taken together, these maps provide the basic tools for rat genomics. The RH map provides the means to rapidly localize genetic markers, genes, and ESTs within the rat genome. These maps provide the basic tools for rat genomics. They will facilitate studies of multifactorial disease and functional genomics, allow construction of physical maps, and provide a scaffold for both directed and large-scale sequencing efforts and comparative genomics in this important experimental organism.
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Kraemer, F. B., C. Laane, B. Park, and C. Sztalryd. "Low-density lipoprotein receptors in rat adipocytes: regulation with fasting." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 266, no. 1 (1994): E26—E32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.1.e26.
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Adipose tissue metabolism is exquisitely sensitive to caloric intake. With increasing adiposity more triglyceride and cholesterol are stored within increasingly large adipocytes, whereas less triglyceride and cholesterol are stored as the size of the fat cell decreases. A portion of the uptake of cholesterol by adipocytes is mediated by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. The present studies addressed whether LDL receptors are differentially regulated in adipose tissue and the liver during fasting in the rat. Two days of fasting caused a reduction in body weight with an approximately 40% decrease in the epididymal fat depot and fat cell size. No changes in serum cholesterol were noted, but serum triglycerides fell approximately 55% with fasting. LDL receptors detected by immunoblotting decreased progressively with fasting to levels that were 95% below controls in adipocytes isolated from epididymal fat pads by 2-3 days. In contrast, hepatic LDL receptor expression was unaltered by fasting. After 2 days of fasting, the rate of synthesis of LDL receptors in isolated adipose cells was decreased approximately 35%, whereas levels of LDL receptor mRNA were diminished approximately 55%. It is concluded that the expression of LDL receptors in rat adipocytes is markedly downregulated during fasting through transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Furthermore, LDL receptor expression is differentially regulated in adipose tissue and liver during fasting in the rat.
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MAO, HAOJIE, CHRISTINA WAGNER, FENGJIAO GUAN, YENER N. YENI, and KING H. YANG. "MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF ADULT RAT SKULL." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 11, no. 05 (2011): 1199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951941100423x.
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Development of advanced computational rat head models requires accurate material properties of the rat brain, meninges, skull, and other soft tissues. This study investigated adult rat skull material properties, which are very limited in the current literature. A total of 20 skull specimens were harvested from 10 adult rats. High resolution (16 μm) microcomputed tomography scans were performed for each specimen to observe dimensional changes within each specimen and internal porosities through the cross sections. The specimens were tested in three-point bending at loading velocities of 0.02 and 200 mm/s. The elastic modulus, energy absorbed to failure, energy density, and bending stress were calculated using classical beam theory. Results demonstrated that bending velocity (strain rate) had significant effect on elastic modulus and bending stress, but not on energy and energy density. The Young's moduli of rat skull measured in this study were comparable to those measured from the adult human skull.
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Brissette, L., and S. P. Noël. "The effects of human low and high density lipoproteins on the binding of rat intermediate density lipoproteins to rat liver membranes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, no. 15 (1986): 6847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)62693-1.
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Casey, M. A. "Computer-assisted morphometry of synaptic terminal density in the aging brain." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100104212.
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In studying the circuitry of a given region of the brain, some knowledge of the density of synaptic terminals is useful. Such data is especially valuable when studying the brain under pathological or experimental conditions. The methods outlined in this paper have been used to detect axosomatic synaptic terminal loss in the aging rat brain, but they would be applicable to other experimental paradigms.The methods in the present paper have been described elsewhere, and were recently used in our study of the lateral superior olivary nucleus (LSO), a well-characterized cell group in the rat superior olivary complex, and a key component of the rat lower auditory pathway. Virtually all synaptic terminals ending on the cell bodies of LSO principal cells originate in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MTB), which undergoes a significant loss of neurons with age in rats. Thus, we wanted to determine whether loss of MTB cells resulted in a significant loss of axosomatic terminals in the LSO.
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Waller, Amanda, Katelyn Wolfgang, Zachary Stevenson, and Bryce Kerlin. "Hypoalbuminemia Increases Clot Fibrin Network Density and Reduces Fibrinolytic Susceptibility through a Paraoxonase 1 Dependent Mechanism." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 3963. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-211888.
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Introduction Hypoalbuminemia is a predictor for thrombotic cardiovascular disease. Albumin is a negative acute phase reactant and may thus be a biomarker for thrombo-inflammation, but some data suggest a mechanistic role for albumin in fibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanistic role of albumin in fibrinolysis. We hypothesized that albumin modifies clot structure and fibrinolytic susceptibility in two well-established rodent models of hypoalbuminemia and analbuminemia. Methods Blood or plasma from a hypoalbuminemic nephrotic syndrome rat model and an albumin knockout rat model were analyzed by thromboelastometry, clot lysis assays, fibrin clot turbidity, fibrin clot density, and plasma clot immunoblotting. Some studies were conducted without vs. with recombinant albumin repletion. We mined albumin and fibrin clot proteome datasets to identify proteins both carried by albumin and incorporated in clots, hypothesizing that albumin delivers proteins that alter fibrinolytic susceptibility to the forming clot. Results Albumin levels were proportional to fibrinolysis in a clot lysis assay in both nephrotic and albumin knockout rat plasma. Hypoalbuminemia accelerated fibrin clot formation in nephrotic rat plasma and fibrin clot network density was increased in hypoalbuminemic plasma clots from both nephrotic rats (p&lt;0.01) and albumin knockout rats (p&lt;0.001). Recombinant albumin repletion to healthy control concentrations corrected fibrin network density and fibrinolysis in both nephrotic rat and human plasma as well as in albumin knockout rat plasma (p&lt;0.05). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme was identified in both albumin and fibrin clot proteomes. Naringenin, a PON1-specific inhibitor decreased fibrin clot lysis in normal rat plasma in a dose-dependent manner (IC50= 1 uM; p&lt;0.001), but did not alter clot lysis in albumin knockout plasma (p&gt;0.9). Moreover, naringinen ameliorated the ability of recombinant albumin repletion to correct hypofibrinolysis (p&lt;0.001 vs control). Conclusions Dense hypoalbuminemic clots demonstrated hypofibrinolysis, and albumin repletion corrected both clot density and hypofibrinolysis. PON1 inhibition decreased clot lysis in plasma with normal albumin levels and ameliorated the ability of albumin repletion to correct fibrinolysis in albumin knockout plasma. Collectively, these data suggest a mechanistic link between hypoalbuminemia and hypofibrinolysis and suggest that albumin indirectly regulates fibrinolysis via its effects on clot density, through a PON1 dependent mechanism.
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Maboundou, Jean-Claude, Mohamed Fofana, Jacqueline Fresnel, Jean Bocquet, and Dominique Le Goff. "Effect of lipoproteins on cholesterol synthesis in rat Sertoli cells." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 73, no. 1-2 (1995): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o95-008.
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Lipoprotein metabolism has been investigated in cultured rat Sertoli cells. Cells incubated with low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) or high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) showed a concentration-dependent decrease of sterol synthesis, indicating a net cholesterol delivery to the Sertoli cells. At 50 μg/mL, lipoproteins inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate into free cholesterol by 83% for the LDL and 47% for the HDL. Electron microscopic examinations of the Sertoli cells provide evidence of the internalization of gold-labelled HDL into coated pits and coated vesicles. Competitive studies between human LDL and rat HDL indicate that Sertoli cells take up cholesterol from LDL and HDL containing apolipoprotein (apo) E by common pathways. These results suggest that Sertoli cells possess apo B and E receptors for the uptake and degradation of LDL and HDL, although the basement membrane excludes the passage of LDL from blood capillaries to the Sertoli cells. At 50 μg/mL, apo-E-depleted HDL inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate into free cholesterol by 34%. Thus, this study shows that Sertoli cells are capable of taking up apo-E-depleted HDL cholesterol for cell metabolism.Key words: high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, rat Sertoli cell.
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Borbély, Emőke, János Horváth, Szabina Furdan, Zsolt Bozsó, Botond Penke та Lívia Fülöp. "Simultaneous Changes of Spatial Memory and Spine Density after Intrahippocampal Administration of Fibrillar Aβ1–42to the Rat Brain". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/345305.
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Several animal models of Alzheimer’s disease have been used in laboratory experiments. Intrahippocampal injection of fibrillar amyloid-beta (fAβ) peptide represents one of the most frequently used models, mimicking Aβdeposits in the brain. In our experiment synthetic fAβ1–42peptide was administered to rat hippocampus. The effect of the Aβpeptide on spatial memory and dendritic spine density was studied. The fAβ1–42-treated rats showed decreased spatial learning ability measured in Morris water maze (MWM). Simultaneously, fAβ1–42caused a significant reduction of the dendritic spine density in the rat hippocampus CA1 region. The decrease of learning ability and the loss of spine density were in good correlation. Our results prove that both methods (MWM and dendritic spine density measurement) are suitable for studying Aβ-triggered neurodegeneration processes.
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Akbar, Zainul, Ristiyanto Ristiyanto, Farida Dwi-Handayani, and Sayono Sayono. "Evaluation of Rat Density and the Associated Factors in Leptospirosis Endemic Areas: The First Report on the Use of BI-Index." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 16, no. 3 (2024): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v16i3.2024.190-199.
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Introduction: Leptospirosis is a health problem in tropical countries where rats serve as the reservoir of Leptospira contamination. Previous investigations implementing the Bi-index to assess rat density in Leptospirosis endemic areas are highly limited. This study aimed to use the Bi-index in monitoring rat density and the associated factors in urban Leptospirosis endemic areas. Methods: Four endemic areas in Semarang City were selected as the study sites based on Leptospirosis data in Puskesmas Gayamsari. Live traps were positioned in one case house and 39-49 neighboring houses in a 100m radius, on three consecutive days. Trapped rats were collected for species identification, morphometrics evaluation, and calculation of Bi-index and rat indices, while environmental parameters were obtained through observation. Results and Discussion: 67.1% of participants were women, private employees, and aged 17-55, while trap success ranged from 2.5-26.5% with the Bi, diversity, dominance, and evenness indices of 0.02-0.32, 0.94-1.09, 0.36-0.44, and 0.79-0.96, respectively. Trapped species included Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi, and Mus musculus with proportions of 61.3%, 34.1%, and 4.7%, respectively. The presence of rats was associated with closeness to the river containing stagnant water, frequent flooding, water entering houses during floods, open trash bins, and rubbish bins around the houses. The high rat density, dominant species, and correlated environmental conditions are strategic targets in controlling Leptospirosis in Semarang City. Conclusion: The rat density (dominated by R. norvegicus) in Semarang City was correlated with water drainage and garbage management, hence further investigation was recommended to determine Leptospira bacterial infection in rodents.
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Bartles, J. R., L. T. Braiterman, and A. L. Hubbard. "Endogenous and exogenous domain markers of the rat hepatocyte plasma membrane." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 4 (1985): 1126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.4.1126.
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We have used a combined biochemical and morphological approach to establish the suitability of certain endogenous and exogenous domain markers for monitoring the separation of rat hepatocyte plasma membrane domains in sucrose density gradients. As endogenous domain markers, we employed two of the integral plasma membrane protein antigens, HA 4 and CE 9, localized to the bile canalicular and sinusoidal/lateral domains, respectively, of the hepatocyte plasma membrane in rat liver tissue (Hubbard, A. L., J. R. Bartles, and L. T. Braiterman, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 100:1115-1125). We used immunoelectron microscopy with a colloidal gold probe to demonstrate that HA 4 and CE 9 retained their domain-specific localizations on isolated hepatocyte plasma membrane sheets. When the plasma membrane sheets were vesiculated by sonication and the resulting vesicles were centrifuged to equilibrium in sucrose density gradients, quantitative immunoblotting revealed that the vesicles containing HA 4 and those containing CE 9 exhibited distinct density profiles. The density profile for the bile canalicular vesicles (marked by HA 4) was characterized by a single peak at a density of 1.10 g/cm3. The density profile for the sinusoidal/lateral vesicles (marked by CE 9) was bimodal, with a peak in the body of the gradient at a density of 1.14 g/cm3 and a smaller amount in the pellet (density greater than or equal to 1.17 g/cm3). We used this sucrose gradient fractionation as a diagnostic procedure to assign domain localizations for several other hepatocyte plasma membrane antigens and enzyme activities. In addition, we used the technique to demonstrate that 125I-wheat germ agglutinin, introduced during isolated liver perfusion at 4 degrees C, can serve as an exogenous domain marker for the sinusoidal domain of the rat hepatocyte plasma membrane.
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Aličelebić, Selma, and Đurđica Grbeša. "Development of the rat telencephalon-volumetric analysis." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 4, no. 3 (2004): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2004.3375.
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With regard to intensive morphometric changes, morphometry as a method is mainly used for histogenetic studies of brain development in normal and experimental conditions. The aim of our study was to quantitatively analyse morphological parameters of the rat telencephalon during embryonic development. The investigation was carried out on semithin serial sections of rat brain from embryonic days 12 to 15. The volume densities (VV) of the lateral ventricles, the telencephalic neuroepithelium and the surrounding mesenchyme have been analysed stereologically and compared in examined embryonic stages. The neuroepithelial volume density was the smallest (28%) at E13 and the biggest (44%) at E15 (p<0.0005). The mesenchymal volume density was the smallest (32%) at E13 and the biggest (48%) at E14 (p<0.0005). The volume density of lateral ventricles was the biggest (40%) at E13 and the smallest (14%) at E15 (p<0.0005). Neurostereological methods have been making a very valuable contribution to neuroscience over recent years. We have used unbiased stereological counting methods to obtain objective quantitative parameters which show relations between some parts of rat embryonic telencephalon examined during its normal development.
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Bragin, A., J. Takács, O. Vinogradova, Kh Gogelia, and J. Hámori. "Age-Related Loss of GABA-Positive and GABA-Negative Neurons in Neocortical Transplants." Journal of Neural Transplantation and Plasticity 4, no. 1 (1993): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.1993.53.
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The numerical density of GABA immunopositive and GABA immunonegative neurons was quantitatively determined in 0, 12, 30 and 90 day-old neocortical transplants, derived from E17 rat embryos and transplanted into adult hosts. It was found that the original, very high neuronal density in the fetal transplant declined steadily after transplantation to the somatosensory cortex of adult rat. The decline in numerical density of GABA-positive neurons, however, was disproportionately larger than that of GABA-negative nerve cells: At 90 days the proportion of GABA-positive cells was 2.3% (in contrast to the 11.8% in the adult host cortex). The density of GABA-negative neurons, on the other hand, remained slightly higher than comparable values in the control cortex. The decline in density Of GABA-positive neurons was continuous until the 90th post-transplantation day, while final, close to normal density values of GABA-negative nerve cells were already reached in 30 day-old grafts, with no significant change afterwards.
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Lestari, Evi Noerista, Susilowati Andajani, and Usman Hadi. "Correlation of Population and Environmental Behavior with Rat Density Rate in Plague Disease-Focus, Threatened and Safe Areas in Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency, 2016." Folia Medica Indonesiana 55, no. 4 (2020): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v55i4.17314.
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Plague disease remains a public health problem in the world. According to the International Health Regulations (IHR), an outbreak is an infectious disease that has the potential to cause an outbreak. The purpose of this study was to analyze a significant relationship between human behavior and the environment with the density of the number of rats in the focus, threatened and outbreak-safe areas in Tutur Regency, Pasuruan Regency, in 2016. This was an observational analytic study with cross correlation sectional where the research variables are population behavior, environment, and the number of rat densities observed once at a time. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the behavior (knowledge, attitude, and practice) of the population with the density of rats in the focus area of the Surorowo hamlet outbreak, in the endangered outbreaks of the Ngaro hamlet, and in the outbreak-safe area of the North Ngandong hamlet in Tutur District. Whereas, there is a significant relationship between environmental conditions and the amount of rat density in the focus area of the outbreak of the Surorowo hamlet (p: 0.047 or p <0.05), the threatened area of the Ngaro hamlet (p: 0.036 or p <0.05), and at outbreak-safe areas in Andong Utara hamlet (p: 0.047 or p <0.05). Conclusion: Environmental conditions are associated with the amount of rat density either in the outbreak, in focus, threatened, or in safe areas. That it is necessary to control environmental risk factors to reduce the amount of rat density.
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Lestari, Evi Noerista, Susilowati Andajani, and Usman Hadi. "Correlation of Population and Environmental Behavior with Rat Density Rate in Plague Disease-Focus, Threatened and Safe Areas in Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency, 2016." Folia Medica Indonesiana 55, no. 4 (2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v55i4.24393.
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Plague disease remains a public health problem in the world. According to the International Health Regulations (IHR), an outbreak is an infectious disease that has the potential to cause an outbreak. The purpose of this study was to analyze a significant relationship between human behavior and the environment with the density of the number of rats in the focus, threatened and outbreak-safe areas in Tutur Regency, Pasuruan Regency, in 2016. This was an observational analytic study with cross correlation sectional where the research variables are population behavior, environment, and the number of rat densities observed once at a time. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the behavior (knowledge, attitude, and practice) of the population with the density of rats in the focus area of the Surorowo hamlet outbreak, in the endangered outbreaks of the Ngaro hamlet, and in the outbreak-safe area of the North Ngandong hamlet in Tutur District. Whereas, there is a significant relationship between environmental conditions and the amount of rat density in the focus area of the outbreak of the Surorowo hamlet (p: 0.047 or p <0.05), the threatened area of the Ngaro hamlet (p: 0.036 or p <0.05), and at outbreak-safe areas in Andong Utara hamlet (p: 0.047 or p <0.05). Conclusion: Environmental conditions are associated with the amount of rat density either in the outbreak, in focus, threatened, or in safe areas. That it is necessary to control environmental risk factors to reduce the amount of rat density.
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RADEVA, Galina, and Frances J. SHAROM. "Isolation and characterization of lipid rafts with different properties from RBL-2H3 (rat basophilic leukaemia) cells." Biochemical Journal 380, no. 1 (2004): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031348.
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Lipid rafts are plasma-membrane microdomains that are enriched in certain lipids (sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids and cholesterol), as well as in lipid-modified proteins. Rafts appear to exist in the liquid-ordered phase, which contributes to their partitioning from the surrounding liquid-disordered glycerophospholipid environment. DRM (detergent-resistant membrane) fractions isolated from cells are believed to represent coalesced lipid rafts. We have employed extraction using two different non-ionic detergents, Brij-96 and Triton X-100, to isolate detergent-resistant lipid rafts from rat basophilic leukaemia cell line RBL-2H3, and compared their properties with each other and with plasma-membrane vesicles. DRM fractions were isolated as sealed unilamellar vesicles of similar size (135–170 nm diameter), using either sucrose-density-gradient sedimentation or gel-filtration chromatography. Lipid rafts isolated using Brij-96 and Triton X-100 differed in density, protein content and the distribution between high- and low-density fractions of the known raft constituents, Thy-1, and the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, Yes and Lyn. Lyn was found in the raft microdomains in predominantly phosphorylated form. The level of enrichment of the protein constituents of the isolated lipid rafts seemed to depend on the ratio of cell lipid/protein to detergent. As indicated by reactivity with anti-Thy-1 antibodies, lipid rafts prepared using Brij-96 appeared to consist of vesicles with primarily right-side-out orientation. Both Brij-96 and Triton X-100 appear to isolate detergent-insoluble raft microdomains from the rat basophilic leukaemia cell line RBL-2H3, but the observed differences suggest that either the detergents themselves play a role in determining the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting DRM fractions, or different subsets of rafts are isolated by the two detergents.
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Tyska, Matthew J., and Mark S. Mooseker. "A role for myosin-1A in the localization of a brush border disaccharidase." Journal of Cell Biology 165, no. 3 (2004): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200310031.
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To gain insight regarding myosin-1A (M1A) function, we expressed a dominant negative fragment of this motor in the intestinal epithelial cell line, CACO-2BBE. Sucrase isomaltase (SI), a transmembrane disaccharidase found in microvillar lipid rafts, was missing from the brush border (BB) in cells expressing this fragment. Density gradient centrifugation, affinity purification, and immunopurification of detergent-resistant membranes isolated from CACO-2BBE cells and rat microvilli (MV) all indicate that M1A and SI reside on the same population of low density (∼1.12 g/ml) membranes. Chemical cross-linking of detergent-resistant membranes from rat MV indicates that SI and M1A may interact in a lipid raft complex. The functional significance of such a complex is highlighted by expression of the cytoplasmic domain of SI, which results in lower levels of M1A and a loss of SI from the BB. Together, these studies are the first to assign a specific role to M1A and suggest that this motor is involved in the retention of SI within the BB.
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Reyes-Haro, Daniel, Francisco Emmanuel Labrada-Moncada, Durairaj Ragu Varman, et al. "Anorexia Reduces GFAP+ Cell Density in the Rat Hippocampus." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2426413.
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Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder observed primarily in young women. The neurobiology of the disorder is unknown but recently magnetic resonance imaging showed a volume reduction of the hippocampus in anorexic patients. Dehydration-induced anorexia (DIA) is a murine model that mimics core features of this disorder, including severe weight loss due to voluntary reduction in food intake. The energy supply to the brain is mediated by astrocytes, but whether their density is compromised by anorexia is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate GFAP+ cell density in the main regions of the hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus) in the DIA model. Our results showed that GFAP+ cell density was significantly reduced (~20%) in all regions of the hippocampus, except in CA1. Interestingly, DIA significantly reduced the GFAP+ cells/nuclei ratio in CA2 (−23%) and dentate gyrus (−48%). The reduction of GFAP+ cell density was in agreement with a lower expression of GFAP protein. Additionally, anorexia increased the expression of the intermediate filaments vimentin and nestin. Accordingly, anorexia increased the number of reactive astrocytes in CA2 and dentate gyrus more than twofold. We conclude that anorexia reduces the hippocampal GFAP+ cell density and increases vimentin and nestin expression.
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Shirasaki, Yoshio, Yasuyuki IWASA, Tetsuya TATEISHI, and Kazuhiro SHIMOYAMA. "Mechanical Properties and Density of Bone in Hypertensive Rat." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2002.14 (2002): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2002.14.93.
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LIAO, Wei, Mats RUDLING, and Bo ANGELIN. "Endotoxin suppresses rat hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor expression." Biochemical Journal 313, no. 3 (1996): 873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3130873.
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Endotoxin induces hyperlipidaemia in experimental animals. In the current study, we investigated whether endotoxin alters hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression in rats. Endotoxin treatment suppressed hepatic LDL receptor expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Eighteen hours after intraperitoneal injection of increasing amounts of endotoxin, LDL receptor and its mRNA levels were determined by ligand blot and solution hybridization respectively. LDL receptor expression was inhibited by about 70% at a dose of 500 μg/100 g body weight. However, LDL receptor mRNA levels were markedly increased in all endotoxin-treated groups at this time point (by 83–136%; P < 0.001). Time-course experiments showed that LDL receptor expression was already reduced by 48% 4 h after endotoxin injection and was maximally reduced (by 63–65%) between 8 and 18 h. Changes in hepatic LDL receptor mRNA showed a different pattern. By 4 h after endotoxin injection, LDL receptor mRNA had decreased by 78% (P < 0.001). However, by 8 h after endotoxin injection, LDL receptor mRNA had returned to levels similar to controls, and 18 and 24 h after endotoxin injection, they were increased by about 60% (P < 0.05). Separation of plasma lipoproteins by FPLC demonstrated that endotoxin-induced changes in plasma triacylglycerols and cholesterol were due to accumulation of plasma apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins among very-low-density lipoprotein, intermediate-density lipoprotein and LDL. It is concluded that endotoxin suppresses hepatic LDL receptor expression in vivo in rats.
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Wasserman, James, Arthur Santiago, Vincent Rifici, et al. "Interactions of low density lipoprotein with rat mesangial cells." Kidney International 35, no. 5 (1989): 1168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1989.106.
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