Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rat (modèle animal)'
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Thullier, Francine. "Contribution à l'étude de la différenciation comportementale dans des groupes de rats soumis à une difficulté d'accès a la nourriture : influence de l'effectif, approche pharmacologique (effets du chlordiazepoxyde sur des rats de différents profils)." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10036.
Full textAugier, Eric. "Résilience et vulnérabilité à l'addiction chez le rat : rôle révélateur du choix." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21845/document.
Full textDrug addiction is defined as compulsive drug use that is, excessive and difficult to control despite negative consequences. A critical problem in current addiction research is to understand the transition between controlled and compulsive drug use. In standard drug self-administration settings, animals have no choice than drug use. As a result, serious doubt exists about the interpretation of drug use in experimental animals. Is it symptomatic of an underlying addiction state or merely an expectable response to lack of choice? This incertitude in turn casts a shadow over many behavioral and neurobiological changes that have been well documented in animals following extended drug self-administration. Do they reflect pathological dysfunctions or normal neurobiological adaptations?To address this issue, we have recently developed in our lab a rat model of the transition to cocaine addiction was recently developed and partially validated. Overall, available evidence shows that when a valuable behavioral option, even a biologically or physiologically inessential one, is made available during access to cocaine self-administration, most rats readily abstain from cocaine use in favor of the alternative reward regardless of the amount of past cocaine use. The goal of my thesis was to continue the validation of this model. My main results demonstrate that cocaine is very low on the value ladder of rats, and that this can't be explained away neither by the anxiogenic properties of cocaine, neither by saccharin habituation or satiation nor by the impossibility of the animals to control their cocaine intoxication. Overall, only a small minority of rats continue to self-administer the drug despite the opportunity of making a different choice. This pattern of results (i.e., abstinence in most rats; cocaine preference in few rats) maps well onto what is currently known about the epidemiology of human cocaine addiction. It is thus possible that the minority of cocaine-preferring rats would be homologous to the minority of human cocaine users with a diagnosis of addiction while the remaining majority of abstinent rats would be resilient to cocaine addiction. Choice could represent an objective method of selection of addicted animals for future research on the neurobiological dysfunctions that are hypothesized to underlie cocaine addiction. Other competing interpretations of the same pattern of results are also discussed at the end of this thesis
Dolbec, Julien Cécile. "Réactivité cérébrovasculaire à l'hypoxémie : applications à un modèle de tumeur intracérébrale chez le rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10105.
Full textZilber, Anne-Laure. "Rôle du rat brun (Rattus norvegicus) dans la persistance des leptospires en conditions naturelles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10243/document.
Full textThe leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, which could infect human and animals. This infection represents a major problem of public health in several countries. The WHO estimates at one million of severe cases of human leptospirosis by year in the world, with a 10 % fatality rate. In the human, the leptospirosis is a mortal infection if it is not treated. The rodents, including the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), are considered as a carrier and excrete pathogenic leptospires via urine, which becomes the main source of direct or indirect contamination of human and animal. In the rat, the asymptomatic infection was few characterized by experimental model, or only focused on the renal colonization using a no-natural inoculation route. Furthermore, the details of the transmission rat-rat remain still unknown. It is important to know the role of the rat in the persistence of leptospires in rural or urban environments, in order to better control leptospirosis epidemics. With an experimental model using conjunctival and subcutaneous routes, we showed that the antibodies production was independent of the rate of renal colonization and that the conjunctival route was more efficient to become renal carrier than the subcutaneous route. Furthermore, a study of the characteristics of natural infection using the same methods showed the presence of leptospires in lung of rat which are renal carriers. With a new method of molecular typing, we have studied the circulating of the Leptospira strains in the rat’s urban population. All the strains belonged to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup and every colony of rats maintained only one strain of Leptospira. The characterization of the infection with the experimental and field studies, and the epidemiological studies are also important to model the infection in the brown rat, for the prevention of human and animal leptospirosis
Gueye, Aliou. "Alimentation durant l'adolescence : facteurs de troubles comportementaux et neurobiologiques à l'âge adulte : modèle animal chez le rat." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21805/document.
Full textAdolescent diet often contains an excessive amount of palatable food with high caloric and sugar contents. Clinical and epidemiological data show that overconsumption of these large foods and sugar beverage consumption may have consequences in adolescence during which the brain is still maturing.Several studies have shown that sugar overconsumption during adolescence have long lasting effect of disease incidence such as obesity, diabetes … However, little is known in the long lasting effect of behavior disorder related to sugar overconsumption early in life. Therefore we set up an animal model to investigate the long lasting effect of sugar overconsumption during adolescence (PND 30 - 46) in neurobiological and behavioral alterations at adulthood. Our results reveal that chronic free access to sugar during adolescence decreases motivation and induce a vertical downshift of dose response curve for natural sweet and no sweet solution at adulthood with no behaviour consequences for pharmacological reward such as cocaine. These behavioral alterations are specific: 1) to the 5% sucrose concentration which is the more rewarding dose in our rats; 2) to a long access to 5% sucrose because only these alterations of behavior are observed after 12h et 24h/day access but not after 2h/day access; 3) to the sweet taste of the solution exposure during adolescence but not to its caloric effect since saccharine (a no caloric and sweet solution) induces these behavioral alterations; 4) to the adolescent period because we show no effect when adult rats have access to a sucrose solution; 5) is not dependent on the rearing conditions during adolescence since singly housed or group housed rats show the same behavioural disorder. We also show that these long lasting behavioral alterations to palatable foods are associated to anxiogenic-like behaviors and a depressive-like state evaluated in the Novelty suppressed feeding test and the forced swimming test respectively. Chronic imipramine treatment from the end of adolescence onwards (PND 47) prevents this behavioral disorder. Immunohistochemical studies show that sucrose exposure during adolescence decreases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and imipramine treatment restores this deficit. These results suggest the importance of diet during adolescence in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders at adulthood. Given our high sweet environment, all these data suggest that considerable effort must be conducted to control early life initiation of sugar
Keita, Alassane Ndeye Sokhna. "Etude d'un modèle de neuropaludisme chez le rat et évaluation des effets pharmacologiques d'un candidat-médicament." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30379.
Full textCerebral malaria (CM) is the most deadly form of malaria. It is a neurological complication observed only in cases of infection with Plasmodium falciparum that affects mainly children under five years living in Sub-Saharan Africa and non-immune adults including pregnant women and tourists visiting endemic areas. Although clinical signs are well described (prostration, respiratory distress convulsions, coma), the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to CM are still unclear. Their elucidation in vivo is made difficult by the cerebral location and the low availability of autopsy data. Instead of limited access to human tissues, autopsy results have shown that CM results from a strong immune response linked to sequestration of infected red blood cells in the intravascular endothelium. Cerebral malaria management combines an etiological treatment with artemisinin derivatives or quinine and adjunct treatment of the multi-visceral failures, responsible of fatal outcome. P. berghei ANKA-infected mouse is widely used as experimental murine model of CM. However the relevance of this model is still questioned because of the histopathologic differences from the human form. Indeed, CM mice rarely exhibit the red blood cell sequestration that is a major feature of human CM. Furthermore, compared to mouse, the rat displays a closer immune response to human in Schistosoma infection. This PhD research project first aimed to implement and assess an alternative rat model of CM. The clinical, biological, histo-pathological features as well as the cytokine profiling of an experimental model of CM were characterized in Sprague Dawley rats infected with P. berghei strain K173. The strong similarity of the symptoms and lesions observed in this model with those reported in human CM confirms its high relevance. The second objective of this thesis project was to assess the pharmacological effects of a drug-candidate in adjunct treatment of CM. Results demonstrated a strong efficacy of the molecule tested with 47.8% of the treated CM rats showing total remission. Moreover we observed a 2- to 10-day survival gain in the treated CM rats group compared to the non-treated CM rat group. Preliminary data suggest that this drug-candidate may reverse the endothelial sequestration of parasitized red blood cells and so limit the neurological sequels related to CM. It is anticipated that the gain in survival associated with this drug-candidate use will extend the window of the etiological treatment time, thus significantly improving the global prognosis of CM. Further studies are needed to optimize this adjunct CM treatment protocol
Maia, Serge. "Imagerie moléculaire de la neuroinflammation dans la maladie de Parkinson : étude préclinique dans un modèle animal de rat." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3302/document.
Full textAlthough the precise molecular mechanisms causing the dopaminergic neurodegeneration are still not totally understood, a body of epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence indicates that neuroinflammation may have an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Study of spatio-temporal links between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during the course of PD would improve understanding of the physiopathological mechanism and also accessibility to early diagnosis and/or new antiinflammatory therapeutic approaches. The current development of non-invasive molecular imaging methods allowing direct monitoring of the neuroinflammation process should be valuable for this purpose. The molecular target of choice in this field is the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a sensitive biomarker associated with neuroinflammation, which is over-expressed in activated microglia. In the study presented here we achieved the longitudinal evaluation of both physiopayhological mechanisms in parallel with the modifications of dopaminergic function at several time-points after 6-OHDA lesion in the rat that mimics an early stage of PD. After unilateral intra-striatal 6-OHDA administration, we quantified the temporal evolution of the TSPO, TH immunoreactivity and DAT in the striatum and the SNc from 3 to 56 days post-lesion (dpl). Increased binding of TSPO ligands used, i.e. [3H]PK11195 and [125I]CLINDE, was observed in the lesioned striatum at 3, 7 and 14 dpl, followed by a progressive return to the basal level at 56 dpl. The binding profile in the SNc showed progressive binding beginning at 3 dpl, peaking at 14 dpl, and progressively decreasing until 56 dpl. In this rodent model of PD, the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes occurred concomitantly. The transitory occurrence of microglial activation could be involved in the advent and the lasting installation of dopaminergic neuron loss. This study supports the link between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and emphasizes the interest of CLINDE as potent in vivo tracer of neuroinflammation by providing valuable information for early diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of disease progression, with potential applications to human patients. Indeed, early detection of neuroinflammation, prior to a clinically significant loss of neurons, could become a major issue in the management of pre-symptomatic PD. To support this idea, we demonstrate the existence of a therapeutic window, occurring just after the lesion, which may be proposed for the introduction of anti-inflammatory treatments that aimed to slow the neurodegenerative process. Further exploration of the relationship between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in vivo in the same animal model with the method of micro-PET imaging, transposable to humans, using in parallel the [18F]-DPA714 for TSPO and [18F]-LBT999 for DAT is pending
Gouron, Richard. "Reconstruction osseuse par la technique de la membrane induite : développement et caractérisation d'un modèle animal chez le rat." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIED010.
Full textThe Masquelet technique is increasingly used for the reconstruction of long bone defects in tumor, sepsis or trauma surgery. It consists of an interposition in the bone defect, of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer around which forms a biological membrane called the “induced-membrane”. Then, autologous fragmented corticocancellous grafts are inserted into the membrane, leading, whatever the length of the defect, to bone healing in a cellular and molecular process which is not elucidated. To further understand and characterize the development of the membrane and its biological activities, we realized the Masquelet technique for bone reconstruction in a smaller animal model: the Sprague-Dawley rat. We describe the experimental development and validation of a critical size femoral defect (8mm) reconstruction in a rat model. The induced membrane from our model shows some mineralization spots and an osteoclastic activity around the PMMA spacer with TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase) activity, and CTR (calcitonin receptor) and RANK (Receptor activator of Nuclear factor Kappa B) immunostaining. A single cartilage area into the induced membrane was also displayed in contact with the PMMA. This suggests that this reconstruction process may use the osteoclastic remodeling system. This model represents a key step toward the identification of the cellular processes that are involved in remodeling of the grafts and fast healing of long bone defects using Masquelet technique
Fouilhé, Sam-Laï Nathalie. "Caractérisation des lipides mobiles détectés par spectroscopie RMN du proton dans un modèle de gliome intracérébral chez le rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10279.
Full textRicard, Laurence. "Validation du modèle du labyrinthe en T chez le rat et application à l'étude des propriétés mnésiques de dérivés cholécystokininergiques." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P167.
Full textJasmin, Jean. "Mise au point et évaluation d'un modèle expérimental de radiocarcinogénèse orofaciale chez le rat Sprague-Dawley." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR1SO01.
Full textMaleysson, Vincent. "Développement et caractérisation d'un nouveau modèle expérimental de la maladie d'Alzheimer chez le rat non transgénique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT1401/document.
Full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function with a memory impairment, a brain atrophy, and two histological hallmarks observed from post-mortem examination: extracellular β-amyloid plaques and intracellular tangles of the Tau protein abnormally phosphorylated. Numerous animal models of AD have been developed to understand and to test drugs against this pathology. However, any non-transgenic model of rodent developing amyloid plaques and the neurofibrilary pathology is currently available. The aim of this study is to develop the first non-transgenic model producing the two histopathological features of AD in the rat. The principle is to perform a concomitant intrahippocampal injection of a recombinant AAV (Adeno-Associated Virus) containing the human transgene tau with the P301L mutation, and of Aβ1-42 peptide, the main component of the amyloid plaques. After several experiments, we have obtained an animal model representative of the early steps of AD, i.e. with lesions focalized in one of the first affected brain structures in the AD: the hippocampus. The presence of the two histopathological hallmarks has been observed by immunohistofluorescence and associated with an astrogliosis. A memory impairment concerning more particulary the working memory, and abnormalities of the electrical activity of the brain and of the rapid eye movement sleep recorded by electroencephalography, are also characterized
Amalfitano, Guy. "Effets de l'acide rétinoique dans un modèle expérimental de tumeur cérébrale chez le rat et étude moléculaire de son récepteur nucléaire beta dans les tumeurs cérébrales humaines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10064.
Full textDrui, Guillaume. "Développement d'un modèle animal chez le rat reproduisant un déficit motivationnel pouvant s'apparenter à un syndrome d'apathie de la maladie de Parkinson." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849129.
Full textFarrell-Lecomte, Veronica. "Mécanismes de latence et de recrudescence de l'infection toxoplasmique : étude du modèle rat Fischer infecté par la souche RH de Toxoplasma gondii." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10069.
Full textBen, Abdennebi Hassen. "Optimisation de la viabilité du greffon hépatique de rat : étude sur le modèle de foie isolé perfusé." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T046.
Full textTotoson, Perle. "Dysfonction endothéliale et polyarthrite rhumatoïde : cinétique, mécanismes et traitements. Etude chez le rat." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3013/document.
Full textRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease which is associated with excessive cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been identified as a key element in the development of atherosclerosis and CV complications in RA. However, both pathophysiology and therapeutic options of ED are still ill-defined. In this work we aimed to determine the time-course of ED in RA, the differences of ED between macro- and microvasculature, the link between ED and circulating markers of inflammation or endothelial activation, and the effect of an anti-TNFα agent, Etanercept, for reversing ED. Experiments have been conducted on the model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in Lewis rats. Endothelial function was assessed in isolated aortic rings (macrovasculature) and in isolated mesenteric arteries (microvasculature). In a first study, we showed that ED occurred earlier in microvascular bed (first symptoms of arthritis) than in macrovascular bed (at maximal inflammation), and is more sustainable. Circulating levels of CRP, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 cannot be used as markers of ED in arthritis.In a second study, we characterized the mechanisms involved in ED in AIA rats. Our results showed that despite the absence of aortic ED in the early stage of arthritis (first symptoms of arthritis), endothelial abnormalities are already present but initially compensated by an increase in NOS activity. We identified plasma levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and MIP-1α as potential circulating markers of macrovascular ED in RA.Our third study demonstrated the ability of a curative treatment with Etanercept, an anti-TNFα, to improve endothelial function in the AIA model, regardless its impact on traditional CV risk factors and on the severity of the diseaseIn conclusion, our results led to improve the understanding of ED in case of arthritis. They provide diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives to enhance the management of CV risk in RA patients
Rivalan, Marion. "Modélisation de la prise de décision adaptée et inadaptée chez le rat et caractérisation psychobiologique des différences inter-individuelles." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21690/document.
Full textDecision-making is a crucial adaptive process. Making a decision depends on executive, motivational, and affective capacities that rely on the integrity of several frontal-subcortical circuits, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Poor decision-making is a characteristic of many psychiatric disorders and some neuropsychopathologies. A major goal of behavioural neuroscience is to determine the behavioural traits, cognitive functions and neurobiological substrates involved in this complex process of choice under normal and dysfunctional conditions Based on the principle of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in humans, we have developed a decision-making task in rats that assesses their ability to choose under conditions of uncertainty between several conflicting options that differ with respect to long term gain. In this task, conditions of the test can be easily modified to increase or decrease the task difficulty. Furthermore, a single test session allows observation of the evolution of the decision-making process across time. Using this task we highlighted individual differences by detecting good and poor decision-makers. We found that a combination of behavioural characteristics related to different psychopathologies in humans were specifically associated with poor decision-making in rats. Rat poor decision-makers displayed less behavioural flexibility, greater motor impulsivity and increased risk-taking behaviour that was associated with a greater sensitivity to reward. Moreover, our results reveal that rats solve our decision-making task by differentially recruiting prefrontal cortical areas according to pre-existing behavioural traits. Finally, our model presents a unique opportunity to study the behavioural characteristics and neurobiological substrates of decision-making under pathological and non pathological conditions. Using this technique, it will be possible to investigate if the combination of behavioural traits identified in the poor decision-making rat is also observed clinically and if these traits are predictive of the development of psychopathology
Ballouhey, Quentin. "Etude de la paroi intestinale dans un modèle murin d'interruption intestinale : rôles des cellules du SNE et des cellules neuroendocrines." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0011/document.
Full textAim of the studyIntestinal atresia is a rare congenital affection with postoperative motility disorders, leading sometimes to death. Previous related studies mainly focused on enteric nervous system (ENS) alterations as it was identified to cause abnormal peristalsis. The aim of the study was to expertise the underlying pathological conditions of intestinal atresia using a global approach, before focusing on ENS and neuroendocrine cells in order to precise the presumptive involvement of the different layers of the intestinal wall.MethodsPreliminary transcriptomic approach was elected to screen global gene expression involved in intestinal development and atresia-linked disorders in the rat model previously described by our team. Rat embryos were assigned to atretic group and controls embryos at different stages of development ED15, ED17, ED19 and ED21. Two successive intestine samples of 1 cm were harvested in the proximal segment and in the distal one. The pattern of gene expression was further assessed by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and RT-qPCR. Main resultsA physiological decrease in gene expression for enteric nervous system markers and an increase for neuroendocrine and epithelial system was observed on controls from stages ED15 to ED21. Regarding affected embryos, structural modifications concerned the proximal segment with increased muscular layer and a significant disruption including global accelerated maturation was observed in the proximal segment with increased gene expression of neuroendocrine system. Distal segment was comparable to controls for the two systems. Important modifications were noted concerning the epithelial system with consequent abnormalities of the gut barrier and anti infectious functions.ConclusionsFetal intestinal obstruction results in a disrupted gut development predominant in the proximal segment. The distal segment and the ENS were poorly concerned by theses changes. Neuroendocrine and epithelial cells underwent significant unexpected changes, supporting the evidence that ENS do not play an exclusive role in the pathways of intestinal motility disorders
Assous, Maxime. "Modèle progressif de la maladie de parkinson après dysfonctionnement aigu des transporteurs du glutamate dans la substance noire chez le rat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4034/document.
Full textParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons. Central players in PD pathogenesis, including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, might affect the function of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). Here, we investigated whether acute EAATs dysfunction might in turn contribute to the vicious cycles sustaining the progression of dopamine neuron degeneration. PDC application on nigral slices triggered sustained glutamate-mediated excitation selectively in dopamine neurons. In vivo time-course study (4-120 days) revealed that a single intranigral PDC injection triggers progressive degeneration of exclusively dopamine neurons with unilateral to bilateral and caudorostral evolution. This degenerative process associates GSH depletion and specific increase in γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, autophagy and glial reaction. The anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine and the NMDA receptor antagonists ifenprodil and memantine provided significant neuroprotection Transient compensatory changes in dopamine function markers in SN and striatum accompanied cell loss and axonal dystrophy. Motor abnormalities (hypolocomotion and forelimb akinesia) showed late onset, when ipsilateral neuronal loss exceeded 50%. These findings outline a functional link between EAATs dysfunction and several PD pathogenic mechanisms and pathological hallmarks, and provide the first acutely-triggered rodent model of progressive parkinsonism
Epsztein, Jérôme. "Rôle des récepteurs kainate dans la transmission synaptique : une étude dans l'hippocampe de rat contrôle et dans un modèle animal d'épilepsie du lobe temporal." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11057.
Full textGourevitch, Raphaël. "Validation comportementale d'un modèle animal neuro-développemental original de schizophrénie : altération de la neurogenèse par administration anté-natale d'un anti-mitotique chez le rat." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066270.
Full textGriffon, Bénédicte. "Effets du monoxyde d'azote sur le stress oxydatif induit par l'éthanol dans les hépatocytes de rat : rôle des macrophages actives." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N001.
Full textHamoui, Samar. "Etude d'un modèle lésionnel du noyau basal magnocellulaire chez le rat et développement d'une méthode de quantification de l'ARN m par PCR." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28253.
Full textBoivin, Sophie. "Modèle animal de sarcoïdose pulmonaire chez le rat par l'adjuvant de Freund complet : analyses de paramètres de l'inflammation et de l'efficacité d'un agoniste nicotinique comme thérapeutique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24264/24264.pdf.
Full textCunin, Claude. "Greffes intracérébroventriculaires de noyaux hypothalamiques : Études histophysiologiques chez le rat brattleboro déficient génétique en vasopressine." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10009.
Full textDakine, Nadia. "Rôle des hormones thyroïdiennes dans la régulation de l'axe corticotrope chez le rat au cours du développement." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20651.pdf.
Full textMichel, Christophe. "Mécanismes d'adaptation du muscle squelettique lors de l'insuffisance cardiaque chronique : étude expérimentale chez le rat." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10342.
Full textMartin, Cyril. "Variabilité génétique des réponses corticotropes et sérotoninergiques à l'exercice musculaire et à l'entraînement : conséquences métaboliques." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28817.
Full textBisson, Jean-François. "Application de la thérapie photodynamique sur des tumeurs de vessie induites chez le rat femelle Fischer 344." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN11304.
Full textThe number of bladder cancers being in constant progression during the last few years, it is necessary to develop a representative bladder tumor model of human pathology in order to test the validity of new therapeutic methods as photochemotherapy. That's why we created a new bladder tumor model in the female Fischer 344 rat. After performing a local mechanical urothelial denudation, syngenic bladder tumor cells were instilled by uretral way. Development of induced tumors was followed by echography and their nature determined by histopathology. These are infiltrating transitional cell carcinomas with a constant and single localization at the bottom of the bladder and in the axis of uretra. In situ fluorescence spectroscopy, with a miniaturized optic fibers captor, has not allowed to distinguish strictly autofluorescence spectra of the normal bladder and the tumors at the wavelenght used. This non-invasive method has also been used to follow the biodistribution of a photosensitizer (PpIX) after administration by general (intraperitoneal) or local (instillation) route of its precursor (5-ALA) and to determine the maximal tumor/normal bladder ratios. These maximal ratios have been estimated : 2. 85 ± 1. 2 3h30 after intraperitoneal administration and 3. 96 ± 1. 04 after bladder instillation during 4h. These studies were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, method which also allowed to specify the localization of PpIX according to the time and the 5-ALA administration route used. Finally, we carried out in situ photodynamic treatment of rat bladder tumors with a miniaturized frontal light distributor for the time tumor/normal bladder ratios were maximal. Therapeutic efficacy was defined by histopathological analysis. It was variable according to the infiltrating grade of the tumors but seemed to be independent with the 5-ALA administration route used
Laborie, Christine. "Evolution chronologique de l'immunité humorale anti-ilôts de Langerhans chez le rat BB diabétique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066088.
Full textOkay, Thelma Suely. "Etude de la kystogenèse de Toxoplasma Gondii chez le rat immunocompétent ou immunodéprimé et dans un modèle d'infection congénitale : caractérisation génotypique de différentes souches et clones toxoplasmiques par amplification aléatoire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10081.
Full textDesbuards, Nicolas. "Etude des effets de l'induction de l'heme oxygenase-1 sur la prévention de la thrombose artérielle et la progression de l'insuffisance rénale chronique chez le rat." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3102/document.
Full textNo summary available
Caus, Thierry. "Métabolisme énergétique et transplantation cardiaque." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20661.pdf.
Full textAn optimal metabolic and functional recovery of the graft is the keystone for the success of heart transplantation. We studied in the rat, the post-ischemic heart's recovery based on functional and metabolic parameters. We conducted our experiments on the isolated perfused heart (Langendorft) as well as on the heterotopically transplanted heart. We used P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate the concentration of the high energy phosphates compounds (HEP) during ischemia and reperfusion. We used the determination of functional indexes to assess the recovery of contractility. In the isolated heart model, we found that the preservation of the graft during cold ischemia was better at 7. 5°C than at 4°C. We also demonstrated that, after a 12 hours cold ischemia, the metabolic and functional preservation was improved with the CRMBM solution, a new preservation solution elaborated in our laboratory, than with the UW, St Thomas or Broussais solutions commonly used for the preservation of the human heart graft. In the transplanted heart model, we found that the improvement of the graft contractility observed form early to late reperfusion was synchronous with a spontaneous regeneration of HEP. W e therefore validated for the first time the possibility to investigate in vivo simultaneously the contractility and the energetic metabolism of the myocardium. We also proved that the adjunct of L-arginine to the CRMBM solution significantly improved the contractility of the graft during early reperfusion whereas it did not modify the kinetics of the HEP (possible effect of a better protection of the endothelial function). The CRMBM solution enriched with L-arginine could improve the results of heart transplantation thanks to a better metabolic preservation of the heart graft
Darbaky, Yassine. "Implications fonctionnelles du noyau subthalamique chez l'animal sain et dans un modèle animal analogue expérimental de la maladie de Parkinson chez le rat : Approche électrophysiologique, pharmacologique et stimulation cérébrale profonde chez le rat intact et rendu parkinsonien. Approche électrophysiologique chez le primate sain." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22081.
Full textColin, Catherine. "Apports d'une situation de difficulté d'accès à la nourriture dans l'étude des relations sociales chez le rat." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10289.
Full textIlhami, Norelyaquine. "Insuline et hormones sexuelles dans un modèle génétique d'hypertension artérielle induite par le sel : importance des récepteurs α2-adrenergiques". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05S027.
Full textGenty, Christian. "Réponse in vitro des cellules ostéoformatrices aux stimuli mécaniques : étude en microgravité réelle et sur les modèles animaux après surcharge et décharge mécanique." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET4013.
Full textBoillot, Assan Dominique. "La pentamidine : un nouvel agent diabétogène : étude clinique et expérimentale." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066045.
Full textZabaiou, Nada. "Etude du stress oxydatif dans l’hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate et mise en évidence de l’effet de la propolis contre le cancer de la prostate in vivo sur un modèle animal de rat Wistar et ex vivo sur les cellules LNCaP du cancer de la prostate hormono-sensibles." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC102/document.
Full textBPH and prostate cancer are the two most prevalent prostatic diseases in elders. Understanding their etiology and pathogenesis is necessary in order to prevent them and to enhance both research and development of new therapeutic agents. Our goal is to study the implication of oxidative stress in BPH and to study the effect of propolis extract on prostate cancer in vivo in Wistar rats and in vitro on LNCaP cells. We have shown that: 1) Oxidative stress acts as a promoter in the development of BPH, 2) Benzo(a)pyrene administered to Wistar rats induces the development of prostate cancer, 3) Propolis induces a decrease in proliferation, Ki-67 expression (-49%) and AhR expression in the Wistar rat, (4) Propolis has an antiproliferative effect on LNCaP cells via AR signaling blockade
Le, Dorze Claire. "Le trouble de stress post traumatique, une pathologie de la réactivation mnésique ? Recherche d'un découplage monoaminergique et de nouvelles tentatives thérapeutiques chez le rat." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066645/document.
Full textPost-Traumatic Stress disorder (PSTD) appears on a part of individuals exposed to traumatic events. This pathology is characterized by frequent re-experiencing of the traumatic event inducing disabling and long-lasting anxiety disorders. These flashbacks, triggered by reminder cues, are responsible for the frequent relapses that characterize PTSD. Addiction to drugs of abuse is also characterized by a hyper reactivity to reminder cues which is responsible for drug craving and relapses. We hypothesized that such a susceptibility to environmental cues, common to both pathologies, could be due to an uncoupling of monoaminergic systems induced by exposure to intense conditions (trauma or drugs). Data from this thesis showed that our animal model of PTSD (the Single Prolonged Stress) reproduced PTSD-like symptoms on vulnerable rats, and reactivity to reminder cues. Our data also showed that trauma induced a behavioral desensitization and a cortical noradrenergic sensitization, in vulnerable traumatized rats, supporting the hypothesis of monoaminergic uncoupling. Finally, we developed a new therapeutic approach, the "emotional remodeling" which was shown to durably decrease PTSD-like symptoms. The results obtained in this thesis support the hypothesis of common physiological basis between PTSD and drug addiction, and offer new therapeutic approaches for these two pathologies
Chartrel, Nicolas. "Identification de quelques facteurs impliqués dans l'induction de l'hypotrophie foetale chez la rate rendue expérimentalement diabétique." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES016.
Full textDaoust, Martine. "Intervention de la noradrénaline, de la dopamine, de la sérotonine et de l'acide gamma-aminobutyrique (GABA) dans la modulation de la prise volontaire d'alcool par le rat : utilisation du modèle animal pour l'étude de produits modifiant l'alcoolo-préférence." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4013.
Full textLyoumi, Saïd. "De l'effet de la dénutrition protéique au rôle régulateur de l'hème sur la synthèse hépatique de l'alpha2-macroglobuline et de l'alpha1-glycoprotéine acide durant le syndrome inflammatoire chez le rat." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES039.
Full textSentenac, Pierre. "Hypertension pulmonaire et remodelage cardiaque en lien avec l’hyper-débit survenant après chirurgie de résection pulmonaire : physiopathologie, mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires, nouvelles thérapies ciblées." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT034.
Full textThe objective was to investigate the consequences of right pneumonectomy (PN) on the pulmonary vascular bed in rats, and to explore in vitro the involved mechanisms in human cells. In patients, the objective was to determine the incidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction during the first three days after major pulmonary resection surgery, assessed by the RV lateral wall (RVLW) longitudinal strain, a new marker of RV function.Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats randomly underwent either a right PN or sham surgery. Ten rats per group were sacrificed on postoperative days 3, 7 and 28 (D3, D7, D28). Cardiopulmonary alterations were investigated by echocardiographic, hemodynamic and histological analyses. A competitive antagonist of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-receptor β (named A4 inhibitor) was administered between D0 and D28 in ten rats to prevent PH development. In vitro, the shear stress was reproduced using a FlexCell™ Tension system. A pathological cyclic stretch (18% elongation) was applied on cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells (P-ECs) to investigate the impact on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PA-SMC) growth. Growth factors were dosed in P-ECs using qRT-PCR. A prospective study was conducted in the Montpellier University Hospital (France). All patients undergoing a major pulmonary resection surgery, without pre-existing PH or RV dysfunction, were eligible. A standardized echocardiography (GE® Vivid iq™) was performed preoperatively and then on postoperative days 1, 2 and 3 by the same examiner. The endpoint was the occurrence of a RV dysfunction, defined by a RV lateral wall (RVLW) longitudinal strain greater than -15%.Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) gradually increased in the PN group to reach 35 ±7 mmHg on D28 vs 18 ±4 in sham (P = 0.001), likewise the proportion of muscularized distal pulmonary arteries, 83 ±1% vs 5 ± 1 respectively (P < 0.001), related to in situ PA-SMC proliferation. The RV enddiastolic area and RV lateral wall thickness were doubled in the PN group on D28. The left ventricle ejection fraction decreased on D7 and D28 while the RV systolic function was maintained. In vitro, the human PA-SMC growth was significantly greater when seeded with stretched vs non stretched P-EC media, highlighting the role of shear stress on the P-EC paracrine function. The qRT PCR highlighted that the PDGF was the main growth factor involved. In rats, a treatment by PDGFR-β antagonist decreased the systolic PAP after pneumonectomy, from 69 ±10 (PN) to 46 ±6 mmHg (PN+A4) (P = 0.0005), and the RV hypertrophy index from 0.52 ± 0.09 to 0.42 ± 0.06 respectively (P = 0.004). Between February 2017 and July 2018, 110 patients were included, 92 were analyzed, mean age 65 ±10 years, 59% male, COPD in 41% of cases, 74 lobectomy (80%), 8 pneumonectomy (9%), 6 bilobectomy (7%). In the early postoperative period, the RVLW longitudinal strain was altered in 55% of patients (CI 0.44—0.66), and dropped from -20 ±7% (D0) to -16 ±6 (D3) (P = 0.002). The longitudinal strain of the RVLW segments (basal, middle and apex) was homogeneously altered. An altered TAPSE (less than 17 mm) was observed in 15% of patients, preferentially after pneumonectomy or bilobectomy than after lobectomy (P = 0.04). Pulmonary hypertension (defined by systolic PAP >35 mmHg) occurred in 11% of patients, and the systolic PAP increased from 19 ±9 (D0) to 21 ±11 (D3) mmHg (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In rats, right pneumonectomy led to PH related to high muscularisation of distal pulmonary arteries, and was associated with a selective RV remodeling. In vitro, the shear stress related to high blood flow altered the pulmonary endothelial paracrine control of SMC growth. Selective PDGFR-β inhibition could be a therapeutic target. After major pulmonary resection surgery, the RVLW longitudinal strain showed an early RV dysfunction in approximately 50% of patients
Matricon, Julien. "Étude de l'implication du Nerve Growth Factor et des Acid-Sensing Ion Channels dans l'hypersensibilité colique induite par le butyrate chez le rat." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719685.
Full textObikeze, Kenechukwu. "Cardiovascular effects of Leonotis leonurus extracts in normotensive rats and in isolated perfused rat heart." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textLoridon, Frédéric. "Cinétique d'apparition et valeur diagnostique de la bilirubine delta lors de cholestases expérimentales chez le rat." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P199.
Full textMatricon, J. "Étude de l'implication du nerve growth factor (NGF) et des acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC) dans l'hyper-sensibilité colique induite par le butyrate chez le rat." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480055.
Full textLi, Zhuoming, and 李卓明. "Heme oxygenase-1 and endothelial dysfunction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48521735.
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Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy