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Wright, James Roscoe. "Characterization of the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487862972134951.
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Carter, Tiffany. "Hemostatic efficiency of amphiphilic peptide solution in Wistar Rat model." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35239.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Grain Science and Industry
X. Susan Sun
One of the leading causes of death following traumatic injury is exsanguination. The body addresses bleeding through the process of hemostasis which includes the formation of a fibrin mesh structure that holds a blood clot together. During traumatic injury, hemostasis may be unable to stop excess bleeding. Fibrin based hemostatic agents have been developed, however, these studies often use fibrin obtained from biological sources, which poses risk of infection. A novel amphiphilic peptide (h9e) has been studied to form three dimensional nanofibers networks. In this research, we studied the ability to form a synthetically produced, fibrin-mimic, hemostatic material from the h9e peptide sequence. The objective of this study was to determine the blood gelation strength of the h9e peptide necessary to arrest bleeding in the Wistar Rat model. Commercial mouse blood was used for blood gelation in vitro studies. Dynamic rheometer was used to determine the gelation kinetics at varied h9e peptide concentrations ranging from 1-5% wt. By directly mixing the h9e peptide with blood, we observed that the blood gelation strength right after mixing increased as the h9e peptide weight % concentration increased, from 67 to 1086 Pascals in the peptide concentration from 1 to 5%, respectively. After 24 hours, final gelation strength of all concentrations with commercial mouse blood was lower than the instantaneous strength but consistent throughout testing. Similar testing was conducted using commercial Wistar Rat blood with weight % concentrations of 1, 3, and 5% of h9e peptide. The gelation strength was 500, 1665, and 1914 Pascals, respectively. We also determined the gelation strength of Wistar Rat blood components, such as red blood cells, serum, and plasma with 1% h9e peptide. We observed the gelation response induced with individual blood components; however, the strength is weaker than whole blood. In vivo, we applied the cut-tail method by dipping the cut-tail of Wistar Rats into the h9e peptide solutions for 10 seconds and then took it out for blood lost collection. We observed that h9e peptide solution at 1, 3, and 5% weight concentrations can all generate hemostatic function. The h9e peptide solution at 5% weight concentration (1914 Pa) was able to outperform a commercial hemostatic material (Moore Medical CELOX* Hemostatic Granules), significantly reducing both bleeding time and blood lost: h9e peptide at 5% had a bleeding time of 94 sec and 0.75 mL blood lost, while the Celox hemostatic granules had a bleeding time of 225 sec and 1.5 mL blood lost. Transmission Electron Microscopy and Spinning Disk Confocal Microscope imaging indicated a blood component reinforced, web-like, h9e nanofiber structure similar to the structure formed by fibrin in a blood clot. This study showed that h9e peptide has the potential to be used to induce hemostasis.
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Benoit, Pascal. "Effets du stigmastérol sur le métabolisme lipidique du rat Wistar." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602881w.
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Houti, Imad Eddine. "Chronopharmacocinétique de la cyclosporine A Etude expérimentale chez le rat Wistar." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30062.
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La cyclosporine a (csa) est un puissant immunodepresseur largement utilise pour prevenir le rejet des organes transplantes. Son index therapeutique est etroit et sa biodisponibilite est tres variable. Notre etude a eu pour objectif d'analyser l'influence du stade temporel d'administration de la csa sur son devenir, chez le rat wistar. Cette etude chronopharmacocinetique comporte deux volets complementaires, selon la voie d'administration de la csa: intraveineuse i. V. (5 mg/kg) ou orale p. O. (20 mg/kg). 4 groupes de rats sont constitues, different par l'horaire de traitement (exprime en heure apres le debut de la lumiere): 02, 08, 14 ou 20 hadl. La methode de dosage par hplc de la csa a fait l'objet de validations statistiques. Voie iv: un modele tri-exponentiel a permis d'ajuster aux mieux les variations des concentrations en fonction du temps. Une analyse de variance a 2 facteurs a conclu a l'influence tres significative (s0. 0001) de l'horaire d'administration. Le temps de demi-vie d'elimination (22. 5 2. 2 h) est independant de l'heure de traitement, contrairement a l'aire sous la courbe de concentration en fonction du temps asc (35275 1185 g. 1#-#1. H a 08 hadl vs 29087 752 g. 1#-#1. H a 20 hadl) et a la clairance cl (0. 142 0. 005 1/h/kg a 08 hadl vs 0. 172 0. 004 1/h/kg a 20 hadl). Voie orale: l'influence de l'horaire d'administration est dans ce cas encore plus marquee, car elle affecte essentiellement la phase d'absorption. Les asc et la biodisponibilite f varient d'un facteur 4 a 5 selon l'horaire de traitement. 0. 19 0. 03 a 08 ou 20 hadl, 0. 05 0. 009 a 02 ou 14 hadl. Ces variations ultradiennes pourraient etre attribuees en partie a des modifications de la capacite de metabolisation des enzymes des enterocytes. Les profils pharmacocinetiques obtenus pour le sang et les organes evoluent parallelement a ceux du plasma. Les plus fortes concentrations sont obtenues dans le foie, puis le rein, le sang et les plus faibles dans le plasma. Le rapport de concentration sang/plasma depend significativement de l'horaire de traitement, c'est a 08 hadl qu'il est le plus bas. Ce fait est revelateur de variations circadiennes de la liaison de la csa aux erythrocytes. Des pics secondaires decales de 3 a 4 heures ont ete observes dans tous les cas, tres marques apres administration orale, plus tenus mais statistiquement significatifs apres administration iv. Ils pourraient etre attribues a une remise en circulation (voie iv) ou une solubilisation de novo (voie orale) par la bile. Les variations temporelles de la toxicite renale induite par la csa peuvent resulter en partie de ces modifications chronopharmacocinetiques
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Houri, Tarek. "Rôle des caspases au cours de la photodégénérescence rétinienne." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF1PP04/document.
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Quelque soit le type de dégénérescences rétiniennes, les cellules photoréceptrices à l'origine de la genèse du signal lumineux, meurent par un mécanisme commun : l'apoptose. Au laboratoire, nous avons mis en évidence que l'inhibition de la caspase-3, une caspase effectrice de l'apoptose, permet de réduire l'apoptose des cellules photoréceptrices (Perche et al. 2007). Dans la continuité de ces résultats, le but de nos travaux de thèse est d'identifier les molécules impliquées en amont de la caspase-3. Pour mener à bien notre projet, nous avons utilisées un modèle expérimentale de dégénérescence rétinienne induite par une exposition à la lumière (modèle de photodégénérescence rétinienne). Les atteintes rétiniennes sont quantifiées par : l'électrorétinographie in-vivo permettant d'évaluer la fonction rétinienne, l'histologie pour l'analyse morphométrique de la rétine aux quelles sont associés des dosages enzymatiques. Ainsi, nous avons montré que l'injection d'un inhibiteur de la caspase-12 à 0,4 ou à 0,8 mM, de la caspase-9 à 0,2 ou à 0,4 mM, ou de la caspase-8 à 0,2 mM, injecté dans le vitré n'a aucun effet toxique sur la rétine et n'a aucun effet protecteur contre l'apoptose des cellules photoréceptrices induites par la lumière. Ces résultats suggèrent que les caspases-8, 9 et 12 ne sont pas impliquées dans l'activation de la caspase-3 et donc dans l'initiation de l'apoptose des photorécepteurs induite par la lumière. Toutefois, après injection dans le vitré, les inhibiteurs inhibent leur cible respective uniquement transitoirement. Par conséquent, pour pouvoir conclure sur le rôle de ces caspases dans le processus dégénératif, il faudrait pouvoir inhiber les caspases de façon plus persistante. Il serait donc intéressant de reproduire des expérimentations similaires en augmentant la concentration de l'inhibiteur injecté ou en réduisant le délai entre l'injection de l'inhibiteur et l'induction du stress. De plus, la caspase-3 peut être activée indépendamment des caspases initiatrices, comme par exemple : les céramides, les cathepsines et les calpaïnesNo abstract available
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McGill, Jetta. "Functional recovery after stroke in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) and Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422503.
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Pascotto, Viviane Mattos [UNESP]. "Influência da mistura de cinco praguicidas em baixas doses sobre o sistema reprodutor de ratas Aprague-Dawley, Wistar e Lewis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95894.
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pascotto_vm_me_botfm.pdf: 1234125 bytes, checksum: 1d563b2c7f6645fcba3865762f9c46c7 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O presente projeto objetivou investigar os efeitos da combinação, em baixas doses, de cinco praguicidas (dieldrin, dicofol, endosulfan, diclorvos e permetrina) sobre o sistema reprodutor de ratas Sprague-Dawley, Wistar e Lewis. Ratas de cada linhagem, com seis semanas de idade, foram randomizadas em três grupos: GI: controle negativo; GII: praguicidas adicionados à ração em doses de NOEL (mg/Kg/dia) - diclorvos (0,23), dicofol (0,5), dieldrin (0,025); endosulfan (0,7), permetrina (5); GIII: praguicidas adicionados à ração em doses de LOEL (mg/Kg/dia) - diclorvos (2,3), dicofol (2,1), dieldrin (0,05), endosulfan (3,8), permetrina (25). A eutanásia foi realizada entre a 10ª e a 12ª semana experimental, na fase de estro. Os parâmetros de avaliação foram: peso de fígado, útero e ovários; análise histológica qualitativa de fígado, útero e ovários; morfometria do endométrio; avaliação do ciclo estral; dosagem de LH, FSH e progesterona; e contagem de folículos ovarianos. Animais das três linhagens tratados com a LOEL apresentaram toxicidade sistêmica, evidenciada pela diminuição de peso corpóreo e aumento de peso de fígado. A análise qualitativa de útero e ovários, assim como a avaliação do ciclo estral e níveis hormonais não indicaram sinais de toxicidade reprodutiva exercida pelas misturas. A contagem de folículos ovarianos indicou ausência de resposta dose dependente e alta variabilidade entre os animais de mesmo grupo experimental. Desta forma concluímos que, embora os resultados tenham mostrado diminuição de algumas populações foliculares nas doses de NOEL e LOEL, este parâmetro não pode ser utilizado isoladamente como indicativo de toxicidade reprodutiva. Estes achados remetem à necessidade de maiores estudos para o esclarecimento dos efeitos destes compostos nas populações foliculares
This project aimed to investigate the effects of the combination, in low doses, of five pesticides (dieldrin, dicofol, endosulfan, dichlorvos and permethrin) on the reproductive system of Sprague- Dawley, Wistar and Lewis rats. Six-weeks-old rats from each strain were randomized into three groups: GI: negative control; GII: pesticides added to the feed at NOEL doses (mg/kg/day) - dichlorvos (0.23), dicofol (0.5), dieldrin (0.025), endosulfan (0.7), permethrin (5), GIII: pesticides added to the feed at LOEL doses (mg / kg / day) – dichlorvos (2.3), dicofol (2.1), dieldrin (0.05), endosulfan (3.8), permethrin (25). Euthanasia was performed between the 10th and 12th experimental week, in the estrous stage. The evaluation parameters were: weight of liver, uterus and ovaries; qualitative histological analysis of liver, uterus and ovaries; endometrium morphometry; estrous cycle assessment; dosage of LH, FSH and progesterone; and counting of ovarian follicles. Animals from all three strains showed systemic LOEL toxicity, as evidenced by decreased body weight and increased liver weight. Qualitative analysis of the uterus and ovaries, as well as estrous cycle and hormone levels evaluations indicated no signs of reproductive toxicity exerted by the mixtures. Counting of ovarian follicles indicated lack of dose-dependent response and high variability among animals from the same experimental group. Hence, we concluded that, although our results have shown a decrease of some follicular populations at the NOEL and LOEL doses, this parameter can not be used alone as an indicator of reproductive toxicity. These findings underscore the need for more studies to clarify the effects of these compounds on follicular populations
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Ahmad, Qadeer. "The behavioral and neurochemical profile of the spontaneously diabetic Wistar B.B. rat." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7520.
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The Spontaneously Diabetic Wistar B.B. Rat (SDR) is considered to be a genetically determined animal model of human Type-1 diabetes. The overall objective of this thesis was to elucidate the behavioral and neurochemical profile of the SDR. This objective was attained using various pharmacological, behavioral and neurochemical approaches. The course of the changes was followed sequentially, at discretely defined time frames (0-2, 2-8 and 8-12 months duration of diabetes), to explore and characterize the contended dysfunctions. Overall, it was found that the insulin treated SDR exhibited a significantly attenuated locomotor and rearing response to the systemically administered dopamine agonists d-amphetamine and amfonelic acid. In the case of d-amphetamine, it was found that the attenuated response was robust and chronic as it persisted across all three time frames. The attenuated response of the insulin treated SDR to amfonelic acid demonstrated that the behavioral deficit could also be elicited by a dopamine agonist with a different mechanism of action from d-amphetamine. In a nonpharmacological experiment, it was found that the insulin treated SDR manifested a significantly attenuated nocturnal locomotor and rearing response, particularly to transitional photoperiodic cues. This deficit in responding was chronic and robust as it was observed across all three time frames. The possible neurochemical substrates of the aforementioned effects were investigated. A post-mortem neurochemical analysis of the region specific basal levels of CNS catecholamines and metabolites, in the insulin maintained and deprived SDR, was undertaken. There were no significant differences between the insulin maintained SDR and non-diabetic littermates or genetically distinct controls. The cessation of insulin administration to the SDR for four consecutive days resulted in significant increases in the levels of norepinephrine in the cortex and hypothalamus, dopamine in the hippocampus, and homovanillic acid in the striatum. The neurochemical response of the insulin treated SDR was assessed following a pharmacological challenge. The SDR was exposed to a single dose of (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) amfonelic acid. The SDR exhibited a significantly greater reduction in the post-mortem levels of dopamine in the striatum, midbrain, and olfactory bulbs as well as striatal norepinephrine. The behavioral effects elicited by d-amphetamine and amfonelic acid are believed to be dopamine mediated. Thus, it was hypothesized that one source of the observed neurochemical and behavioral deficits may be related to an impairment of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Therefore, the concomitant measurement of spontaneous nocturnal locomotor activity and levels of interstitial dopamine from the ventral striatum was measured using in vivo microdialysis. No significant differences between the insulin treated SDR and controls were found. The SDR did exhibit significantly lower levels of locomotor activity. In a different vein, the behavioral response of the insulin treated SDR was assessed following exposure to environments varying in degree of novelty. It was found that the SDR exhibited a heightened behavioral response to novelty-stress. The insulin maintained SDR manifested a greater aversion to the anxiogenic regions of the open field and elevated plus maze whilst being treated with chlordiazepoxide. The anxiolytic effects of this drug were significantly attenuated in the SDR when compared to controls. In essence, it would appear that the SDR when treated with insulin and unchallenged by: (1) withdrawal of insulin treatment, (2) pharmacological stimulation or, (3) environmental stimulation, is able to maintain relatively stable baseline levels of brain catecholamines and behavior. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Aguiar, Marcus Vinicius de Almeida. "Estudo da atividade neuroprotetora da Parawixina10, molécula isolada da peçonha da aranha Parawixia bistriata (Araneae: Araneidae), em ratos Wistar submetidos à modelo de glaucoma agudo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-12042017-155940/.
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Peçonhas de aranhas são uma rica fonte de moléculas, dentre as quais se destacam os peptídeos neuroativos, que atuam no tecido nervoso de insetos e mamíferos, tais como receptores colinérgicos e glutamatérgicos A retina constitui um neuroepitelio, uma das membranas do segmento posterior do olho, é uma extensão do sistema nervoso central. A lesão isquêmica nesse tecido desencadeia um processo de degeneração celular, sendo os neurônios os principais afetados. Várias patologias oculares, como o glaucoma, estão associadas a uma degeneração neuronal secundária à isquemia, na qual o excesso de L-glutamato (L-Glu) extracelular é lesivo aos neurônios. A peçonha da aranha Parawixia bistriata contém componentes com grande potencial neuroprotetor, como a Parawixina10 (Pwx10), que atua potencializando o transporte de L-Glu e glicina para o meio intracelular. Neste contexto, diante da necessidade de se buscar novas terapias para o tratamento de neuropatologias e de se entender a lesão isquêmica, a Pwx10 surge como potencial fármaco neuroprotetor. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o potencial neuroprotetor da Pwx10, em um modelo de isquemia retiniana aguda, com e sem reperfusão, em ratos Wistar. Durante os experimentos de isquemia (ISQ), a pressão intra-ocular (PIO) foi aumentada para 120 mmHg, e mantida por 45 minutos. Nos experimentos em que houve reperfusão (ISQ/REP), após a isquemia, a pressão foi reduzida aos níveis normais e mantida por mais 15 minutos, de forma a restaurar o fluxo sanguíneo e os níveis basais da PIO. As drogas utilizadas para tratamento foram injetadas por via intravitrea, 15 minutos antes do início da isquemia. Após a cirurgia foram realizados os processos histológicos que envolvem técnicas de H-E e Fluoro-Jade C. Em seguida, foram analisadas as densidades de células viáveis na camada nuclear interna (CNI) e camada de células ganglionares (CCG). Os resultados mostraram que os tratamentos com a Pwx10 protegeram as células da CNI tanto em ISQ como ISQ/REP. Comparada com o Riluzole, a Pwx10 foi mais eficaz em CCG ISQ em 15% e CNI ISQ/REP em 23%. Portanto, a Pwx10 apresenta efeitos neuroprotetores em ratos Wistar submetidos à isquemia retiniana aguda, seguida por reperfusão ou não.Spider venoms are a rich source of molecules, among which stand out the neuroactive peptides that act on the nervous tissue of insects and mammals, such as cholinergic and glutamatergic receptors. The retina is a neuroepithelium, a membrane lining the cavity of the eyeball, it being an extension of the central nervous system. Ischemic injury that tissue triggers a cell degeneration process, and the neurons affected major. Various eye diseases such as glaucoma, are associated with neuronal degeneration secondary to ischemia in which excess L-glutamate (L-Glu) extracellular is harmful to neurons. The venom of Parawixia bistriata spider contains components with high neuroprotective potential, as Parawixina10 molecule (Pwx10), which operates enhancing the transport of L-Glu and glycine to the intracellular medium. In this context, on the need to seek new therapies for the treatment of these diseases and to understand the ischemic injury, Pwx10 emerges as potential neuroprotective drug. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of Pwx10 on an acute retinal ischemia model, with and without reperfusion in rats. During the experiments ischemia (ISC), the intraocular pressure (IOP) was increased to 120 mmHg and maintained at this level for 45 minutes. In experiments in which there was reperfusion (I/R) after the period of ischemia, the pressure was reduced to normal levels and maintained there for 15 minutes in order to restore blood flow and baseline IOP. The drugs used for the treatment were intravitreally injected 15 minutes before the onset of ischemia. After surgery were performed histological techniques involving procedures H-E and Fluoro-Jade C. Then, viable cell densities in the inner nuclear layer were analyzed (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). The results showed that the treatments with Pw10 protected the INL cells both in ISC as IR. Compared with Riluzole, the Pwx10 was more effective in GCL ISC 15% and INL I/R 23%. Therefore, Pwx10 shows neuroprotective effects in Wistar rats with acute retinal ischemia followed by reperfusion or not.
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Rizzolo, Lou. "Effets d'une exposition chronique à la musique sur le vieillissement chez le rat Wistar." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC420/document.
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Le déclin cognitif associé au vieillissement chez l’Homme, impacte fortement la vie quotidienne des personnes âgées. Si la pratique musicale apparait comme une activité de loisir prometteuse pour le maintien d’un bon fonctionnement cognitif au cours du vieillissement, les mécanismes neurobiologiques sous-jacents sont à l’heure actuelle, mal connus. L’objectif de ce travail a donc été d’étudier les effets d’une exposition tardive et chronique à la musique sur les performances comportementales et certains processus neurobiologiques au cours du vieillissement chez le rat Wistar. Si quelques études rapportent qu’une exposition à la musique améliore les performances d’apprentissage et de mémoire, associé à une augmentation de la neurogenèse hippocampique et du BDNF chez le Rongeur jeune adulte, il n’en existe aucune qui se soit intéressée à ces effets chez le Rongeur âgé. Des rats d’âge médian ont été répartis dans 2 groupes, l’un exposé à de la musique et l’autre à du bruit blanc, puis inclus dans une étude longitudinale, au cours de laquelle les performances comportementales ont été évaluées jusqu’à l’âge de 24 mois, suivi d’analyses biologiques. Ainsi, nous avons pu montrer qu’une exposition chronique à la musique démarrant à un âge médian, réduit le déclin cognitif associé au vieillissement. En revanche, la neurogenèse hippocampique et le BDNF n’apparaissent pas comme des mécanismes neurobiologiques potentiels impactés par la musique chez le rat âgéCognitive decline associated to aging impacts daily life of elderly. While the music practice appears as promising leisure activity to prevent cognitive decline in elder, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms involved. The aim of this work was to study the effects of music exposure on behavioral performances and some neurobiological processes across aging in rats. Indeed, improved behavioral performances together with an increased hippocampal neurogenesis and a higher BDNF expression were reported after music exposure in both young and adult animals. Yet, no study has so far investigated these effects in aged rats. After a fine appraisal of the cognitive state in middle-aged Wistar rats (15 months), they were divided in two groups, exposed either to classic music or to white noise. Thereafter, a longitudinal follow up of 9 months was performed. We observed for the first time that chronic music exposure alleviated age-related cognitive decline. However, contrary to what was observed in adult animals, we did not reported any differences in age-related changes of hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF expression. These promising results of a beneficial effect of music exposure in the field of aging still lay open the question about the underlying mechanisms in the context of aging of the beneficial effect of music exposure
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Bibby, David Charles. "The metabolic effect of endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor in the Wistar rat." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278604.
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de, Barros Pereira I. M. "Investigation of biomarkers of hepatic and renal toxicity in the Han Wistar rat." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1435551/.
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The aim of this project was to identify urinary markers of hepatic and renal toxicity in the male Hanover-Wistar rat; acute and chronic injury models were developed by administration of CCl4. Nephrotoxicity was induced by administration of HCBD. In an acute dose study, CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity occurred above 2.0 mL/kg CCl4. To avoid kidney injury, 2.0 mL/kg CCl4 was chosen as the optimal dose. 1H NMR revealed many changes to the urinary metabolome following CCl4-induced liver injury including an increase in the resonances of taurine, creatine and formate and a decrease in hippurate and creatinine. Protein and gene expression markers were investigated in a HCBD-model of nephrotoxicity. Urinary α-GST, KIM-1 and albumin were the most sensitive biomarkers of proximal tubular injury. These markers could be used to detect unwanted kidney injury in future CCl4 hepatic studies. In a time course study, maximal liver injury from CCl4 was reached 24-48 hours post-dosing. Urinary metabolites followed the same trend and levels increased during the first 18-24 hours post-dosing. After 24 hours, there was a tendency for metabolites to return to control levels. A chronic model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis was developed by dosing animals 3 times a week for 6 weeks to investigate the potential for reversibility and changes in urinary metabolites. After 6 weeks of CCl4-administration there was development of fibrous structures in the liver parenchyma followed by slight regeneration during the recovery period. Urinary metabolites that best reflected the development of fibrosis were creatinine, citrate and succinate. Taurine and hippurate may be useful for showing regenerative changes. In this project, we developed a good rat model of fibrosis which showed potential to reverse. 1H NMR analysis allowed characterisation of urinary metabolite changes in acute and chronic studies. Some of these metabolites have potential to be urinary markers for hepatic fibrosis.
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Bompart, Frédérica. "Effets de substances médicamenteuses sur l'auto-immunité thyroidienne chez le rat wistar femelle." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO339C.
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Rocha, Maurício Nunes Dourado. "Propriedades mecânicas do músculo esquelético de ratas wistar após imobilização e exercício físico em esteira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-30072007-153541/.
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A imobilização produz efeito deletério sobre a musculatura estriada. A avaliação das propriedades mecânicas do músculo esquelético é um parâmetro de mensuração para elucidar se o exercício físico pode constituir importante forma de prevenção ou reversão dos défices decorrentes da imobilização. Seis grupos (GC1, GI, GC2, GIL, GIE, GE), com dez animais cada, foram utilizados com o objetivo de avaliar a interferência do exercício físico por esteira em algumas propriedades mecânicas de modelos animais sujeitos previamente à imobilização do membro posterior. Os animais dos grupos GI, GIL e GIE foram submetidos a vinte e um dias de imobilização gessada do membro posterior direito. Os animais dos grupos GIE e GE foram submetidos a protocolo de treino em esteira por vinte e um dias. Os grupos GC1 e GC2 serviram como controle. Após alcançarem à idade ideal, os animais sofreram eutanásia e os gastrocnêmios das patas direitas foram submetidos a ensaios de tração para análise da carga máxima suportada, deformação na carga máxima e tensão. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a imobilização exerce papel deletério sobre as propriedades mecânicas do músculo esquelético, a tensão não apresenta necessariamente correlação com a carga máxima e que o protocolo de exercícios adotado neste estudo não foi capaz de restaurar todas as propriedades mecânicas, principalmente a carga máxima.Immobilization has a deleterious effect on skeletal muscles. The evaluation of the mechanical properties of the skeletal muscle is a parameter used to elucidate if physical activity may prevent or revert the deficits caused by immobilization. Six groups (GC1, GI, GC2, GIL, GIE, GE), with ten animals each, were used to assess the interference of treadmill running on mechanical properties of animal models submitted to plaster cast immobilization of the right hind limb. The animals in groups GI, GIL and GE were submitted to twenty-one days of right hind limb immobilization. Animals in groups GIE and GE were submitted to a treadmill running protocol for twenty-one days. The groups GC1 and GC2 served as controls. The animals underwent euthanasia after reaching the age limit and the gastrocnemius of the right hind limb was submitted to a traction test to analyze the ultimate load, ultimate load deformation and tension. The results showed that immobilization caused a deleterious effect on the muscle\'s mechanical properties and the tension is not necessarily correlated with maximum load. Furthermore the running protocol as used in this study was not able to restore all the normal muscle mechanical properties, mainly the maximum load.
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MORAES, Thiago Augusto Pereira de. "Influência da pentoxifilina no desenvolvimento testicular neonatal e no processo espermatogênico de ratos Wistar adultos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5873.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
It was objectified to use increasing doses of pentoxifylline on the critical period of the testicular development of Wistar rats, aiming to keep high levels of AMPc in the Sertoli cells and to increase the intrinsic income of spermatogenesis and sperm production in adult rats. There were used 37 neonate Wistar rats, which were submitted to many treatments during first 21 days of life, according to experimental groups: control (n=10), 1mg/kg (n=10), 5mg/kg (n=9) and 10mg/kg (n=8) of pentoxifylline. The animal weight was obtained daily, in this period, on the control and treated groups. On the second experiment, it was used 39 adult Wistar rats, which were submitted to many treatments, between 90 and 150 days of life. in accordance with the experimental group: control (n=9), 15mg/kg (n=10), 30mg/kg (n=10) and 60mg/kg (n=10) of pentoxifylline. The animal weight was carried through daily, in this period, on the control and treated groups. At the 90 days (Exp. 1) and 150 days (Exp. 2) of the experimental period, the rats of each group were submitted to anesthesia and intracardiac perfusion. Later, the testis, epididimes and seminal vesicle were removed and weighted. The testis were fragmented (2mm) and put in perfusion solution. For studies with light microscope, the fragments were processed routinely for inclusion in plastic resin with glycol methacrylate. Histologic cuts (4 μm) were stained in blue of toluidine/borate of sodium (1%) and analyzed. On the Experiment 1, the testis weight of animals treated with 5mg/kg was higher (13%) than those observed in the animals treated with biggest dose. The seminal vesicle of the animals treated with 5mg/kg presented increase of 17% and 26% in weight in relation to the 1mg/kg and control groups, respectively. The net weight of testis had significant reduction in the group treated with 10 mg/kg when compared to the group treated with 5mg/kg. The seminiferous tubule and epithelium volumes increased in the group of 5mg/kg when compared to the control and 10mg/kg groups. The number of Sertoli cell per transversal section had significant reduction in the groups treated with 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg when compared to control and 1mg/kg groups. Spermatides rounded by transversal section had numerical reduction in the group treated with 10mg/kg when compared with animals treated with 1mg/kg. The index of Sertoli cell (ICS) significantly increased in the animals treated with 5mg/kg in comparison to the control group. On the animals that received increased doses of pentoxifylline between 90 and 150 days of life, the higer doses of pentoxifylline had decrease of testicular parenchyma on the lume of seminiferous tubules and increased the proper tunic theses tubules. On the intertubular compartment, the highest doses of this PDE’s inhibitor increased the conjutive tissue volume and decreased the lymphatic space. The volumetry of Leydig cells increased on the treated groups with the doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg de pentoxifyllina when compared with animals treated with lower doses. The number of spermatogonia A increased on the 30 and 60 mg/kg when compared to control group. In accordance with the results, the use of the pentoxifylline during the critical period of the neonatal testis development in Wistar rats was not capable to induce increase in the population of Sertoli cells, as well the pentoxifylline during 60 days in adult Wistar rats was not capable to increase the intrinsic income of spermatogenesis and sperm production.
Objetivou-se estudar a influência da pentoxifilina no desenvolvimento testicular durante o período neonatal e no processo espermatogênico de ratos Wistar adultos. Foram utilizados 37 ratos neonatos Wistar, os quais foram submetidos aos diversos tratamentos, durante os primeiros 21 dias de vida, de acordo com o grupo experimental: controle (n=10), 1mg/kg (n=10), 5mg/kg (n=9) e 10mg/kg (n=8) de pentoxifilina. Para o segundo experimento, foram utilizados 39 ratos Wistar adultos, os quais foram submetidos aos diversos tratamentos, entre 90 e 150 dias de vida, de acordo com o grupo experimental: controle (n=9), 15mg/kg (n=10), 30mg/kg (n=10) e 60mg/kg (n=10) de pentoxifilina. A pesagem dos animais foi realizada diariamente, nos grupos controle e tratados de cada experimento. Para a realização das análises histológicas e histométricas, os ratos de cada experimento foram submetidos à heparinização e anestesia e, posteriormente, submetidos à perfusão intracardíaca com solução fisiológica de NaCl a 0,9%, acrescida de heparina sódica e nitroprussiato. Após a lavagem do sistema vascular, os animais foram perfundidos com solução fixadora de glutaraldeído a 4%, em tampão fosfato de sódio, pH 7,2 e 0,01M. Posteriormente, os testículos, epidídimos e vesícula seminal foram removidos e pesados. Os testículos foram seccionados em fragmentos de 2mm e refixados na mesma solução de perfusão. Para os estudos ao microscópio de luz, os fragmentos foram processados rotineiramente para inclusão em resina plástica à base de glicol metacrilato. Cortes histológicos de 4 μm de espessura foram corados em azul de toluidina/borato de sódio a 1% e analisados. Em relação ao primeiro experimento, o peso testicular dos animais tratados com 5mg/kg foi maior 13,3% do que o observado nos animais tratados com a maior dose. O número de células de Sertoli por secção transversal sofreu redução significativa nos grupos tratados com 5mg/kg e 10mg/kg em relação aos grupos controle e tratado com 1mg/kg. O índice de célula de Sertoli (ICS) aumentou significativamente nos animais tratados com 5mg/kg em comparação ao grupo controle. Em se tratando do segundo experimento, as maiores doses de pentoxifilina promoveram redução no volume do parênquima testicular alocado no lume dos túbulos seminíferos e aumentaram a túnica própria destes túbulos. A volumetria das células de Leydig aumentou nos grupos tratados com as doses de 30 e 60mg/kg de pentoxifilina quando comparada com os animais tratados com a menor dose. Conclui-se que a utilização da pentoxifilina durante o período crítico do desenvolvimento testicular neonatal em ratos Wistar não foi capaz de induzir aumento na população das células de Sertoli, assim como a utilização da pentoxifilina durante 60 dias em ratos Wistar adultos não foi capaz de aumentar o rendimento intrínseco da espermatogênese e produção espermática.
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Ramos, Alessanda Fernandes Louzada Hoegemann. "Avaliação do potencial embriotóxico do tacrolimus (FK506) administrado a ratas wistar." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2007. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3203.
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O tacrolimus é um antibiótico macrolídeo com ação imunossupressora, atuando como inibidor de calcineurina, que vem sendo utilizado como droga base na maioria dos transplantes para evitar rejeição. Com o êxito dos transplantes, decorrente principalmente do uso de imunossupressores, houve uma melhora na qualidade de vida das pacientes transplantadas. Esta melhora levou ao aumento do número de gestações, mesmo sob o uso contínuo de imunossupressores. Sabe-se que os imunossupressores atravessam a placenta podendo levar a alterações no desenvolvimento do embrião. Segundo a literatura, foram observados desvios da normalidade, como perda de peso, em recém nascidos de mães que utilizavam o tacrolimus. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a sua atuação no período de préimplantação do blastocisto, sendo o objetivo deste trabalho verificar se o tacrolimus interfere no desenvolvimento do embrião de rata, durante seu trânsito tubário e na fase de implantação do blastocisto. Ratas Wistar prenhes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente nos grupos controles C1 e C2 e tratados T1, T2, T3 e T4, T5 e T6. Controle 1 e Tratados 1, 2 e 3 receberam água destilada e 1, 2 e 4 mg/kg/dia de Tacrolimus respectivamente por via intragástrica do primeiro ao quinto dia de prenhez (período de trânsito tubário) e os grupos Controle 2 e Tratados 4, 5 e 6 receberam água destilada e 1, 2 e 4 mg/kg/dia de tacrolimus , respectivamente, por via intragástrica, do quinto ao sétimo dia (período de implantação). O acompanhamento de sinais clínicos maternos possibilitou a análise de efeitos tóxicos sobre a mãe durante o período de gestação. No 150 dia, foi coletado sangue para avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos, em seguida os animais foram eutanasiados. Ovários, fígado e rim foram pesados e os corpos lúteos contados. Foram identificados fetos vivos, reabsorções e fetos mortos. Fetos e placentas foram pesados. Não foram encontrados indícios clínicos de toxicidade materna. No período de trânsito tubário não foram observadas alterações significativas no peso corporal, consumo de ração e parâmetros hematológicos das mães. Na análise bioquímica, o grupo da dose de 4 mg/kg/dia apresentou aumento na concentração de colesterol, de TGO e de uréia. No grupo com dose de 2mg/kg/dia ocorreu redução de creatinina e no grupo T1 houve uma redução de TGO. No período de implantação do blastocisto, não foram observadas variações no peso corporal entre os grupos analisados. Foi observada uma diminuição no consumo de ração, durante o período de tratamento, que foi restabelecido com o término deste, apresentando um aumento gradativo do consumo até o final do experimento. O tacrolimus na concentração de 4mg/Kg/dia apresentou consumo médio superior aos demais grupos. Os parâmetros hematológicos não apresentaram alterações significativas. Os parâmetros bioquímicos não apresentaram alterações relevantes entre os grupos experimentais, exceto os referentes à TGO, que apresentou uma diminuição no grupo T6. Nos estudos realizados no período de trânsito tubário e no de implantação, observando-se o peso corporal materno corrigido, os pesos de fígado e rins maternos, peso de ovários, número de corpos lúteos, fetos vivos e mortos, reabsorções, peso de ninhada e perdas pré e pós-implantação, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Ocorreu aumento no peso placentário dos animais tratados com tacrolimus na concentração de 4mg/Kg/dia e no grupo tratado com a concentração de 1mg/Kg/dia, diminuição do número de implantes. Os fetos em ambos os experimentos não apresentaram malformações externas. Concluiu-se que no modelo experimental utilizado não foi evidenciado potencial embriotóxico do tacrolimus na fase de trânsito tubário e na implantação, quando administrado a ratas.
Tacrolimus is a macrolide antibiotic with immunosuppressive action, acting as a calcineurin inhibitor, that has being used as a standard drug avoiding rejection of most transplants. With the success of transplantations, which occurred mainly due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs, there was an improvement in life quality of patients. This fact, led to an increase in the number of gestations, even under continuous use of immunosuppressants. It is known that these drugs cross the placenta, leading to changes in embryo development. Body weight loss in newborns from mothers that used tacrolimus during gestation is described in literature. However, little is known about its action on blastocyst preimplantation period, being the aim of this work to assess if tacrolimus interferes with embryo development during tubaric transit and blastocyst implantation periods. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into control C1 and C2 and treated T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6. Control 1 and Treated 1, 2 and 3 received distilled water and 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg/day of tacrolimus, respectively, via oral gavage from first to fifth pregnancy day (tubaric transit period) and groups Control 2 and Treated 4, 5 and 6 received distilled water and 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg/day of tacrolimus respectively, via oral gavage from fifth to seventh day (implantation period). The clinical signs of maternal toxicity were analyzed. On 15th day, blood was collected for biochemical and hematological tests assessment, after that animals were killed. Ovaries, liver and kidneys were weighed and the corpora lutea were counted. Resorptions, live and dead fetuses were identified. Fetuses and placenta were weighed. Clinical signs of maternal toxicity were not found. During the period of tubaric transit there were no significant alteration in maternal body weight, food intake and hematological parameters. In biochemical analysis, the group treated with 4 mg/kg/day presented an increase in cholesterol, TGO and urea. In the group treated with 2 mg/kg/day there was creatinine reduction and group T1 (1mg/kg/day) showed reduction in TGO. In the period of blastocyst implantation it was not observed changes in body weight among groups. There was a decrease in food intake, during the treatment period wich was recovered after the drug administration, showing a gradative increase at food intake until the end of the experiment. An increase in food intake in the group treated with tacrolimus in the concentration of 4mg/Kg/day was shown. There were no significant alterations in hematological parameters. In biochemical analysis no alterations were found, except in the group T6 (4mg/kg/day) that presented a decrease. In the both experiments, during the period of blastocyst implantation and the tubaric transit, there were no significant alterations in maternal body, liver, kidney and ovaries weights. Were not observed significant alterations in the number of corpora lutea, live and dead fetuses, resorptions, fetuses weigh and lost in pre and pos implantation. In the groups treated with tacrolimus on the concentrations of 4mg/kg/day and 1mg/kg/day were observed a decrease of the implants number. The administration of Tacrolimus to pregnant rats during the tubal transit and implantation periods does not seem to generate any toxic effect on them.
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Freitas, Murilo Rodrigues Barbosa de. "O efeito do selênio em ratas Wistar prenhas infectadas pela cepa Y de Trypanosoma cruzi." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-31102014-102620/.
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O selênio (Se) é um micronutriente importante na dieta de mamíferos e tem sido descrito com importante papel na função imune. É constituinte de mais de 25 selenoproteínas na forma do aminoácido selenocisteína, sendo este elemento crítico na manutenção do sistema de defesa antioxidante. Uma dieta complementar com Se pode ser benéfica no tratamento de doenças correlacionadas com altos níveis de estresse oxidativo, como a doença de Chagas, enfermidade negligenciada causada por Trypanosoma cruzi. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do Se em ratas Wistar prenhas infectadas pela cepa Y de T. cruzi. O tratamento com Se desencadeou aumento no peso e comprimento fetal, bem como no diâmetro e peso placentário. Também foi observada diminuição da parasitemia. Não ocorreram alterações significativas nas concentrações de NO e no número de ninhos de amastigotas no coração. A avaliação histológica das placentas mostrou elevado número de ninhos de amastigotas nos animais do grupo infectado e tratado. A redução da concentração de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e de populações de células T desencadeou uma resposta voltada ao padrão Th-2, característico da gestação, fato que provavelmente contribuiu no aumento do parasitismo placentário encontrado nos animais tratados com Se. Assim, é possível que a administração de Se, durante a prenhez, poderia alterar a resposta imune placentária local, favorecendo a instalação do parasita. Mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a interação entre o Se e a doença de Chagas durante a prenhez.The selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient in the diet ofmammals and has an important role in the immune function. A range of 25 selenoproteinshas Sein its structure and most of them in the form of amino acid selenocysteine, being this element involved in the in maintenance of the antioxidant defense. Diet with Se is beneficial in the treatment of diseases correlated with high levels of oxidative stress, like Chagas\' disease, a neglected illness caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of selenium in the immune response of pregnant Wistar rats infected withtheY strain of T. cruzi. Se treatment triggered enhanced fetal weight and length and placental diameter and weight. It was observed decreased parasitemia. No significant alterations in NO concentrations and amastigote nests in heart were observed. The histological evaluation of placenta displayed an enhanced number of amastigote nests in infected and Se treated animals. The reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T cell populations triggered a Th-2 immune response, which is the hallmark of the gestation period. This fact probably led to the raise in parasite nests in placenta of infected and Se treated animals. So it is possible that the Se supplementation during pregnancy could impair the local placental immune response. Further studies are needed to assess the interaction between selenium and the acute Chagas\' disease during pregnancy.
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Oliveira, Gloriane Izabel Vojciechovski de. "Monitoramento da indução do diabetes mellitus em ratos wistar com aloxana em diferentes doses." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2012. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/268.
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Previous issue date: 2012-09-26The aim of this study was to monitor the induction of experimental diabetes mellitus in female Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan in different doses and dose to assess which provides the highest incidence of diabetes with lower death rates. Four experimental groups of 30 animals each as follows: control group (CG) received intraperitoneal (ip) solution of sodium chloride 0.9% and group G80, G120 and G200, received via (ip) diluted in 2% alloxan solution physiological doses of 80, 120 and 200mg/kg respectively. We evaluated blood glucose, temperature, weight, water intake, food intake and percentage of deaths at different times. It is concluded that all doses of alloxan administered intraperitoneally after 24 hours of fasting were able to induce diabetes mellitus and monitoring of temperature, glucose and dehydration of the animals during the first week, was paramount to the success of induction, and 120mg/kg dose of the most effective in achieving greater number of diabetic animals and lower incidence of deaths.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar a indução experimental do diabetes mellitus em ratos Wistar fêmeas, pela administração intraperitoneal de aloxana em diferentes doses e avaliar qual dose estabelece a maior incidência de diabetes com menor índice de óbitos. Quatro grupos experimentais com 30 animais em cada um sendo: grupo controle (GC) recebeu via intraperitoneal (ip) solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9%; grupo G80, G120 e G200, receberam via (ip) aloxana 2% diluída em solução fisiológica nas doses de 80, 120 e 200mg/Kg respectivamente. Avaliou-se glicemia, temperatura, peso, ingestão hídrica, ingestão alimentar e percentual de óbitos em diferentes momentos. Conclui-se que todas as doses de aloxana administrada pela via intraperitoneal após 24 horas de jejum foram capazes de induzir o diabetes mellitus e o monitoramento da temperatura, glicemia e desidratação dos animais na primeira semana, foi de suma importância para o sucesso da indução, sendo a dose de 120mg/Kg a mais eficaz para obtenção de maior número de animais diabéticos e menor incidência de óbitos.
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Silva, Valter Dias da. "Indução experimental do Diabetes mellitus em ratos Wistar submetidos à injeção intraperitoneal de aloxana em diferentes doses." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2011. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/244.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-27This study was to compare the effects the action diabetogenic of alloxan in different doses, through its administration intraperitoneally (ip) in Wistar rats. The animals were distributed randomly four in experimental groups: experimental control group (GC), consisting of 30 rats subjected to injection (ip) of sodium chloride solution 0.9%; Group 1 (G1), 2 (G2) and 3 (G3) consisting of 60 rats each, subject to injection (ip) alloxan 2% at doses of 120, 150 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Were evaluated during 15 days, on the following parameters: blood glucose, weight, water intake, dietary intake, urination chemical examination of urine (glucose, ketone bodies, and other parameters). It was concluded that the dose of 120 mg/kg alloxan at 2% (ip), when compared to the doses was most efficient, compared to the objectives of this study, it induced diabetes in a larger number of animals and promoted a low percentage of deaths.
Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar os efeitos da ação diabetogênica da aloxana em diferentes doses, por meio da sua administração intraperitoneal (ip) em ratos Wistar. Os animais foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em quatro grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC), constituído por 30 ratos submetidos à injeção (ip) de solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9%; grupo 1 (G1), 2 (G2) e 3 (G3) constituídos por 60 ratos cada, submetidos à injeção (ip) de aloxana 2% nas doses de 120, 150 e 200mg/kg, respectivamente. Foram avaliados durante 15 dias, quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: glicose sanguínea, peso, ingestão hídrica, ingestão alimentar, volume urinário, exame químico da urina (glicose, corpos cetônicos e outros parâmetros). Concluiu-se que, a dose de 120mg/kg de aloxana a 2% (ip), quando comparada às demais doses foi a mais eficiente, frente aos objetivos deste estudo, pois induziu o diabetes em um maior número de animais e promoveu um baixo percentual de óbitos.
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Hodgkinson, Brent C. "The effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on antioxidant status in the male Wistar rat." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9042.
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Antioxidant utilization potentially is an excellent index of oxidative stress. These studies assessed the effects of two doses of CsA (10 mg/kg/day and 20 mg/kg/day for 14 days) on antioxidant status in numerous tissues, and on the function and structure of testis and kidney in male Wistar rats. Animals were placed on either vitamin E sufficient or deficient diets and injected subcutaneously with either CsA or vehicle. Vitamin E levels in various tissues were measured using the very sensitive technique of gas chomatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the effect of CsA on vitamin E status and the protective extent of vitamin E on CsA toxicity. Oxidative damage was also assessed by measuring levels of GSH and protein sulfliydryl (PSH) content using colorimetric methods. In addition, frozen sections of kidney and testes were subjected to standard Hematoxylin and Eosin staining to examine these tissues for structural alterations following CsA treatment. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Panas, Tumkiratiwong Rungsunn Tungtrongchitr. "The synergistic effects of Riboflavin deficiency and Trichinella spiralis infection in Wistar rat model /." Abstract, 2003. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2546/46E-Panas-T.pdf.
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Addou, Samia. "Conséquences de l'adaptation à un régile hyperprotéique sur la structure de l'épithelium intestinal chez le rat Wistar." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGPT0001.
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Les protéines alimentaires se trouvent principalement dans des aliments traditionnels d’origine animale et végétale. L’évaluation de la qualité nutritionnelle de différents sources de protéines alimentaires consiste à mettre en relation les caractéristiques de l’apport alimentaire et les caractéristiques de la demande métabolique concept relatif à l’état de l’individu. La recommandation de base WHO/UNU est de 0,8g /kg /j de protéine de bonne qualité pour l’homme adulte. L’objet de ce travail est d’évaluer les conséquences d’une adaptation à un régime hyperprotéique sur des modifications fonctionnelles et morphologique chez le rat en croissance. Plus particulièrement, on a analysé les effets d’un régime à 50% en protéines sur l’évolution du poids corporel, le poids de certains organes ainsi que sur la structure intestinale du rat. Dans ce but, 96 rats mâles de souche wistar pesant entre 175 et 185g (180±2,27g), sont répartis en 5 groupes : le 1er groupe (n=30) reçoit un régime normoprotéique à base de protéine totale de lait (14%) et constitue le groupe témoin, le 2ème groupe (n=30) reçoit un régime hyperprotéique (50%) à base de protéine totale de lait, le 3ème groupe (n=12) reçoit un régime normoprotéique (14,5%) à base de protéine végétale onab , le 4ème groupe (n=12) reçoit un régime hyperprotéique (50%) à base de protéine de soja, le 5ème groupe (n=12) reçoit un régime hyperprotéique (50%) à base de gluten. Tous ces régimes sont administrés pendant 60 jours, durée de l’expérimentation. Les résultats montrent qu’une surconsommation de protéines s’accompagne d’une diminution significative du poids corporel et d’une modification de la structure histologique de l’épithélium intestinal qui se traduit par une atrophie villositaire et par une augmentation des lymphocytes intra-épithéliaux. Ces modifications seraient la manifestation de phénomènes induits par l’exposition chronique de l’épithélium intestinal à des teneurs élevés en protéines. Nous avons conclu qu’une surconsommation de protéines n’est pas sans conséquence sur la composition corporelle et la fonction intestinale. Il convient donc d’observer une certaine prudence dans l’utilisation à long terme de formules diététiques enrichies en protéines chez l’hommeDietary proteins are derived from animal and plant food stuff. The evaluation of the nutritional quality of dietary proteins of different sources consists of relating the characteristics of food intake and energy requirement of the organism. The recommendation by WHO/UNU is of 0. 8g/kg/day of high quality protein for the adult man. This work aims to evaluate the consequences of a high-protein diet on the functional and morphological modification in the growing rat. In particular, we measure the effect of a 50% protein diet on body weight, weight of several organs and intestinal structure. For that purpose, 96 male wistar rats weighing between 175 and 185g (180±2,27g) are divided in 5 groups. The 1st group (n=30) receives an averageprotein level diet (14%) and constitutes the control group. The 2nd group (n=12) receives an highprotein diet (50%) The 3rd group (n=12) receives a diet based on plant proteins (14. 5%) the 4th group (n=12) receives a diet based on soya (50%) the 5th group (n=12) receives a diet based on gluten (50%). All diets are administered during a period of 60 days. Our results show that a high intake of dietary proteins results in significant body weight loss and causes modification of the histological structure of the intestinal epithelium, with an atrophy of the villaea accompanied with an important increase of intra-epithelial lymphocytes. 2These modifications could be the consequence of toxic reactions induced by a chronic/regular exposure of the intestinal epithelium to high levels/quantities of proteins. We conclude that an over-consumption of proteins has consequences on the body composition and intestinal function. Therefore, the long-term use of high-protein diets in man should be monitored more closely
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Lima, Tânia Cristina. "Cirrose hepática induzida por tioacetamida: estudo do modelo por injeção intraperitonial a longo prazo em ratas Wistar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-09012009-091225/.
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A baixa sensibilidade dos animais à droga e a função hepática pouco alterada são as principais dificuldades para o desenvolvimento da cirrose hepática experimental. A proposta deste trabalho foi aprimorar o modelo de cirrose por injeção intraperitoneal de tioacetamida (TAA) a fim de reduzir a adaptação dos animais ao fármaco. Foram utilizados 5 grupos de fêmeas de ratos Wistar: A (200 mg TAA/kg); B (aumento de 20% aos 48 dias); C (aumento de 10% a cada 24 dias); D (aumento de 15% a cada 24 dias); E (solução salina). Os animais foram injetados 3 vezes por semana durante 14 semanas. Foram realizadas coletas sanguíneas, por punção cardíaca, no início, no final do experimento e antes dos aumentos de dose, para análise dos marcadores de função hepática. A avaliação comportamental foi efetuada pelo método do labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE). Amostras de fígado foram colhidas e submetidas ao processamento para microscopia de luz. Os animais tratados com TAA apresentaram piloereção, icterícia e cromodacriorréia. Os testes do LCE demonstraram estresse e/ou ansiedade nesses animais. Os fígados cirróticos apresentaram nódulos regenerativos e lesões hemorrágicas na superfície. O ganho de peso foi semelhante entre os grupos tratados, porém, inferior ao do grupo E. Os danos de função hepática foram mais acentuados nos grupos em que houve aumento de dose, entretanto, a mortalidade do grupo D foi elevada (44%). O tratamento com TAA levou ao desenvolvimento de cirrose com formação de nódulos regenerativos circundados por septos fibrosos e desarranjo da arquitetura hepática. A deposição de colágeno foi maior nos grupos B e C. O grupo D apresentou quantidade de colágeno semelhante a do grupo A. O exame histopatológico demonstrou intensa proliferação de células ovais e hiperplasia de ductos biliares com produção de muco ácido. Foi observada presença de hemossiderina, hepatócitos balonizados, lesões nucleares e células inflamatórias. A administração de TAA provocou ainda o desenvolvimento de lesões pré-neoplásicas, sugerindo possível efeito carcinogênico dessa substância. Os resultados demonstraram que os grupos B e C foram os mais eficazes no desenvolvimento da cirrose experimental. O grupo D, apesar do aumento maior na dose, apresentou resultados similares aos do grupo A (dose constante) e alta mortalidade, selecionando animais resistentes à droga. Assim, recomenda-se o modelo de indução do grupo B por apresentar menor mortalidade (5%), menor influência no aspecto emocional e quadro cirrótico tão grave quanto o dos animais do grupo C.The low sensitivity of animals to drugs and the lack of changes in liver function are the main difficulties for the development of experimental liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was improving the model of cirrhosis by intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide (TAA) to reduce the animal adaptation to the drug. We used 5 groups of female Wistar rats: A (200 mg TAA/kg), B (increase of 20% to 48 days), C (increase of 10% every 24 days), D (increase of 15% every 24 days), E (saline). The animals were injected 3 times a week for 14 weeks. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture at the start and at the end of the experiment as well as before each dose increment, for analysis of markers of liver function. The behavioral assessment was done by the method of elevated plus-maze. Samples of liver were collected and processed to light microscopy. The animals treated with TAA showed piloerection, jaundice and chromodacryorrhea. Behavioral test showed stress and/or anxiety in these animals. The liver cirrhosis showed regenerative nodules and hemorrhagic lesions on the surface. Weight gain was similar among the groups treated, however, all of them were smaller than those of group E. The damage of the liver function was more pronounced in groups where the dose was increased over the experimental period, however, the mortality of group D was higher (44%). Treatment with TAA led to the development of cirrhosis with formation of regenerative nodules surrounded by fibrous septa and hepatic architecture disruption. The deposition of collagen was higher in groups B and C, whereas group D was similar to group A. Histopathologic evaluation showed intense proliferation of oval cells and bile duct hyperplasia, with production of acid mucin. It was observed the presence of hemosiderin, hepatocyte ballonization, nuclear lesions and inflammatory cells. The administration of TAA led to the development of neoplastic lesions, suggesting possible carcinogenic effect of this substance. The results showed that the treatment of groups B and C were most effective in the development of experimental cirrhosis. Despite that animals of group D received an increment in their TAA dose, their results seems similar to those of group A but with high mortality, probably because the treatment selected resistant animals to the drug. Therefore, it is recommended the model of induction of group B due to the lower mortality (5%), less influence on the emotional aspect and development of cirrhosis as severe as that the rats of group C.
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Tomlinson, A. "A morphometric and biochemical analysis of the adrenal medulla of the neonatal, adult and aged Wistar rat." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384349.
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Lachat, Denise [UNESP]. "Análise ultraestrutural do nervo óptico de ratos Wistar hígidos ou com anemia ferropriva neonatal." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101101.
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Diversos estudos mostraram que a ingestão de dieta com níveis inadequados de ferro pode causar, no sistema nervoso central (SNC) de ratos, alterações morfológicas, bioquímicas e comportamentais no animal. Esses estudos têm ainda indicado que animais deficientes em ferro apresentam redução no número de lamelas de mielina e prejuízos na aprendizagem. A deficiência de ferro é uma das mais comuns desordens nutricionais em pacientes pediátricos e adultos e atinge cerca de 2,5 a 5 bilhões de pessoas em todo mundo. A consequência mais explícita da deficiência de ferro é a anemia. O ferro está relacionado ao desenvolvimento de fibras nervosas mielínicas, as quais constituem mais de 80% do nervo óptico. Objetivou-se, na presente investigação, avaliar com o auxílio de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, os possíveis efeitos da anemia ferropriva na estrutura do nervo óptico de ratos Wistar durante os períodos de lactação e pós-lactação. Os animais foram divididos em 2 grupos: Controle e Anêmico. Os anêmicos receberam uma dieta com 4 mg de ferro/Kg, e os controle, uma dieta com 35 mg de ferro/Kg. Avaliações do peso corpóreo, hemoglobina e hematócrito foram feitas para checar os efeitos da deficiência de ferro. Os animais foram anestesiados com cloridrato de quetamina IM (22 mg/Kg) e então sacrificados por perfusão transcardíaca com PBS 0,05M, pH 7,4, seguido da mistura fixadora paraformaldeído 2% e glutaraldeído 1% diluída em tampão fosfato. Um segmento do nervo óptico foi retirado e pós-fixado em solução de tetróxido de ósmio a 1% por duas horas a 4ºC, desidratado em acetona e incluído em araldite. Cortes ultra-finos com 60 nanômetros de espessura foram montados em grades de cobre, contrastados com acetato de uranila e citrato de chumbo, observados e fotografados ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão para detalhada análise ultraestrutural...
Several studies showed that ingestion of diets with inadequate iron levels can cause morphological, biochemical and behavioral changes in the central nervous system (CNS) of rats. These studies have also shown that iron-deficient animals have reduced number of myelin lamellae and prejudice on learning. Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders in pediatric patients and adults and affects about 2.5-5 billion people around the world. The most explicit result of iron deficiency is anemia. The iron is related to the development of myelinated nerve fibers, which constitute more than 80% of the optic nerve. The aim of this research is to evaluate, with transmission electronic microscopy, the possible effects of iron deficiency anemia in Wistar rats optic nerve structure during lactation and pos-lactation period. The animals were divided into 2 groups: Control and Anemic. The anemic group received 4 mg iron/Kg, the control group received 35 mg iron/Kg. Evaluation of body weight, hemoglobin and hematocrit were made to check the iron deficiency effects. The animals were anesthetized with ketamine 22 mg/Kg and then sacrificed by transcardiac perfusion with PBS 0.05 M, pH 7.4, followed by paraformaldehyde fixative mixture 2% and 1% glutaraldehyde. An optic nerve segment was removed and post-fixed in a solution of osmium tetroxide for two hours at 4°C, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Araldite. Ultrathin sections with 60 nanometers thick were mounted on copper grids, contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, observed and photographed by transmission electronic microscope for detailed ultrastructural analysis of nerve fibers, blood vessels and glial cells. Both hematological and body weight were smaller in the anemic group. The ultrastructural analysis showed damaged myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, and glial cells of the anemic animals when compared with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Terra, Marcella Martins. "Avaliação do efeito da quercetina sobre o fígado e rim de ratos Wistar com síndrome metabólica induzida." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4568.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
A Síndrome Metabólica (SM) caracteriza-se por acúmulo central de gordura, hipertensão arterial e hipertrigliceridemia. Estudos epidemiológicos e clínicos têm confirmado que a SM está relacionada ao aumento da morbidade e mortalidade em virtude de sua associação ao processo inflamatório e a patologias como a doença cardiovascular, diabete mellitus, dislipidemias, doença renal crônica e esteatose hepática. Pela diversidade de fatores causadores ou contribuintes da SM o tratamento farmacológico ideal não está bem definido. A quercetina por apresentar ação antioxidante, antiinflamatória e vasodilatadora, poderia ser uma alternativa no tratamento das comorbidades que compõem a SM. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da quercetina no fígado e rim de ratos Wistar com SM induzida por dieta hiperlipídica. Ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos, em três grupos (n=10) que receberam respectivamente: C-dieta padrão; SM-ração hiperlipídica e SMQ-ração hiperlipídica + 10mg/kg/ dia de solução de quercetina, via oral, a partir dos dois meses de idade. Receberam água e ração ad libitum. Avaliaram-se, semanalmente, peso corporal e pressão arterial da cauda. Ao final do experimento, aos seis meses, foram realizados teste oral de tolerância a glicose. Os animais foram anestesiados (xilazina: 10mg/kg e quetamina: 90mg/kg, i.p.) para medida direta da PA. Em seguida, foram exsanguinados e eutanasiados por deslocamento cervical, removeram-se e pesaram-se os rins, fígado, gordura retroperitoneal e epididimária esquerda. Foi feita dosagem sérica de Glicose, Triglicérides, Colesterol, AST, ALT e γ-GT ; Creatinina urinaria, Clearence e morfometria da área e volume glomerular por Hematoxilina-Cromotrope. A presença de fibrose renal foi avaliada pela coloração picrosirius sob luz polarizada. Por análises imuno-histoquímica quantificaram-se as células dos tecidos renais que expressavam marcadores de fator pró-fibrótico (TGF-β1) e miofibroblastos (α-SMA). Os procedimentos foram aprovados pelo CEUA-UFJF (Protocolo nº010/2011). A dieta hiperlipídica promoveu a SM, caracterizada por acúmulo central de gordura, hipertensão arterial, hiperglicemia e hipertrigliceridemia. Houve aumento nos níveis de AST, bem como na expressão de TGF-β1 e porcentagem de fibrose por picrosirius. A administração crônica diária da quercetina em modelo experimental de SM induzida por dieta hiperlipídica não reduziu a pressão arterial, não alterou o perfil nutricional, metabólico e histomorfológico renal dos animais, apesar de atenuar a expressão dos marcadores de fibrose.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by increased visceral fat, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. Epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that MS is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to its association with inflammation and diseases such as cardiovascular disease , diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease and hepatic steatosis. Based on the diversity of factors causing or contributing to MS the ideal pharmacological treatment is not well defined. Due to quercetin antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory properties, it could be an alternative for treatment of MS comorbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of quercetin in the liver and kidney of rats with MS dietinduced. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 10): C-standard diet; MShigh-fat diet and MSQ-high-fat diet + 10mg/kg / day of quercetin solution orally administered in two months old rats. Water and food was received ad libitum. Body weight and tail blood pressure was assessed weekly. At the end of the experiment, at six months, tests were performed to evaluate oral glucose tolerance. The animals were anesthetized (xylazine: ketamine and 10mg/kg: 90mg/kg, ip) for direct measurement of blood pressure. Then, they were exsanguinated and euthanized by cervical dislocation, kidney, liver, epididymal and retroperitoneal fat left were removed and weighed. Serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol , AST, ALT and γ-GT; urinary creatinine was measured; Clearance and morphometry of the area and volume glomerular hematoxylin- Cromotrope stain. The presence of renal fibrosis was evaluated by picrosirius stain under polarized light. For immunohistochemical analyzes were quantified the expression of pro-fibrotic factor (TGF-β1) and myofibroblasts (α-SMA) makers in kidney tissue cells. The procedures were approved by CEUA-UFJF (Protocol No.010/2011). We observed that high fat diet promoted MS, characterized by central fat accumulation, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In addition an increase in the levels of AST as well as the expression of TGF-β1 and percentage of fibrosis by picrosirius was observed. Chronic daily administration of quercetin in an experimental model of SM induced by high fat diet did not reduce blood pressure, did not affect the nutritional and metabolic and histomorphological profile of the animals, despite of attenuate the expression of markers of fibrosis.
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Petta, Antonio Di. "Influência do diabetes mellitus na evolução do enfisema pulmonar induzido por elastase em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-16122008-110230/.
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a ação da insulina no desenvolvimento da resposta inflamatória aguda e crônica do enfisema pulmonar induzido por elastase pancreática de porco (EPP). Ratos machos da raça Wistar (aloxana, 42 mg/kg, i.v., 10 dias) e ratos controle foram instilados com solução salina fisiológica contendo EPP (0.25 UI/0.2 mL, pulmão direito) ou salina (pulmão esquerdo). Foram realizadas as seguintes análises: a) número de leucócitos presentes no lavado broncoalveolar dos animais, 6 h após a instilação com salina ou elastase (fase aguda); b) diâmetro médio alveolar (m), quantificação das fibras elásticas e colágenas (%), análise radiográfica do volume pulmonar e número de macrófagos alveolares (mm2) 50 dias após instilação com salina ou EPP (fase crônica). Ratos diabéticos apresentaram uma redução de 42% no número de neutrófilos presentes no lavado broncoalveolar, um aumento de 20% do diâmetro médio alveolar, um aumento de 15% do volume pulmonar e uma diminuição de 33% das fibras elásticas nos septos alveolares, sem alteração na quantidade de fibras colágenas. Não houve diferença no número de macrófagos. Tratamento dos ratos diabéticos com 4 UI de insulina NPH, 2 h após a instilação de elastase restaurou completamente o número de neutrófilos do lavado broncoalveolar. O diâmetro médio alveolar, volume pulmonar e a fração de área de fibras elásticas presentes nos septos alveolares foram semelhantes aos valores observados nos ratos controle, após o tratamento com 4 UI de insulina 2 h após a instilação, seguida de 2 UI/dia pelos próximos 50 dias. Além disso, observou-se aumento do número de macrófagos em ratos diabéticos tratados com insulina. Os resultados sugerem que a insulina modula o desenvolvimento das fases aguda e crônica do enfisema pulmonar induzido por EPP, assegurando uma reparação e remodelamento tecidual dentro dos limites da normalidadeThe present study was undertaken to investigate the role of insulin in the development of acute and chronic inflammatory responses in porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced pulmonary emphysema. Diabetic male Wistar rats (alloxan, 42 mg/kg, i.v., 10 days) and control rats were instilled with physiological saline solution containing PPE (0.25 IU/0.2 mL, right lung) or saline only (left lung). The following analyses were performed: a) number of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of the animals, 6 h after saline or PPE instillation (acute phase); b) mean alveolar diameter (m), quantification of elastic and collagen fibers (%), radiographic analyses of lung volume, and number of alveolar macrophages (mm2) 50 days after saline or PPE instillation (chronic phase). Relative to controls, alloxan-induced diabetic rats presented 42% reduction in the number of neutrophils in BAL fluid, 20% increase in mean alveolar diameter, 15% increase in lung volume, 33% decrease of elastic fibers in alveolar septa, without changes in the content of collagen fibers. There were no differences in the number of macrophages. Treatment of diabetic rats with 4 IU neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, 2 h before elastase instillation restored the number of neutrophils in BAL fluid. Mean alveolar diameter, lung volume, and elastic fibers in alveolar septa matched the values observed in control rats, after treatment with 4 IU NPH insulin 2 h before instillation, followed by 2 IU/day for the next 50 days. Furthermore, increased number of macrophages was observed in insulin-treated diabetic rats. Data presented suggest that insulin modulates the development of acute and chronic phases of PPE-induced pulmonary emphysema, assuring normal repair and tissue remodeling.
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Roux, Candice Rene. "β-cell response to high fat diet induced metabolic demands in the obese Wistar rat." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6454.
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Thesis (MScMedSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: A westernized diet rich in saturated fats and sugars, together with a sedentary lifestyle, has contributed to the dramatic increase in obesity during the last decade (Zimmett et al, 2001; Wild et al, 2004). Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance which are major risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) (Zimmet et al, 2001, Kahn et al, 2006; Schröder et al, 2007). High-fat feeding in rodents induces symptoms similar to the human metabolic syndrome without progression to T2D (Woods et al, 2002; Weir and Bonner-Weir, 2007). The addition of fructose to a high-fat diet exacerbates the insulin resistance and leads to impaired pancreatic function of insulin secretion and glucose intolerance (Basciano et al, 2005; Stanhope et al, 2009). Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the effect of a high-fat and sucrose/fructose diet on glucose metabolism, the development of insulin resistance and β-cell dynamics. Methods: Weanling Wistar rats were randomized into two study groups; study one over an experimental period for three months and study two for twelve months. Each study consisted of a control group that received standard rat chow and water; and two experimental groups receiving either a high-fat diet and water (HFD) or a café diet consisting of HFD with the addition of 15% sucrose/fructose (CFD). Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), glucose stimulated insulin secretion rates and 2-deoxy-[3H]-D-glucose uptake in muscle, liver and fat were measured. The pancreata were harvested for immunohistochemical labeling of β-cells (insulin), α-cells (glucagon), GLUT2 (glucose transport) and MIB5 (proliferation). Samples of the pancreata were also collected for electron microscopy. Results and discussion: Feeding Wistar rats a CFD induced obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. By twelve months the rats had an impaired glucose response with increased IVGTT peak values, area under the curve (AUC) values and glucose clearance rates. Concomitantly, the glucose stimulated insulin secretion rate (GS-ISR) was attenuated. Stimulated glucose disposal as measured by 2-deoxy-[3H]-D-glucose uptake was reduced in muscle and adipose tissue at three months. By twelve months, due to the age of the rats, stimulated glucose uptake declined compared to three months with no difference between groups. After three months the diets had no observable effect on the islets using light microscopy. However, by twelve months morphological changes were observed in both the HFD and CFD groups. In the HFD group large hypertrophied irregular islets with fibrous changes were observed. In the CFD group these morphological changes were more prominent with fibrous segregation and disruption of the normal endocrine arrangement. In addition, the presence of inflammatory cells within the affected islets is consistent with T2D. Conclusion: High-fat diet fed to Wistar rats induced obesity, abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance. The addition of sucrose/fructose to a high-fat diet exacerbated the insulin resistance and resulted in glucose intolerance and mild hyperglycemia. Morphological changes in the large islets were observed which are consistent with the development of T2D.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: ‘n Verwesterde dieët, ryk aan versadigde vette en suikers tesame met 'n passiewe lewenstyl, het bygedra tot die dramatiese verhoging in vetsug gedurende die laaste dekade (Zimmett et al, 2001; Wild et al, 2004). Vetsug word met dislipidemie en insulienweerstandigheid geassosieer wat hoof risikofaktore is vir die ontwikkeling van tipe 2 diabetes (T2D) (Zimmet et al, 2001; Kahn et al, 2006; Schröder et al, 2007). Hoë-vet voeding in knaagdiere induseer simptome soortgelyk aan menslike metaboliese sindroom sonder die ontwikkeling van T2D (Woods et al, 2002; Weir and Bonner-Weir, 2007). Die byvoeging van fruktose tot 'n hoë-vet dieët vererger insulienweerstandigheid en lei tot verswakte pankreas funksie, insuliensekresie en glukoseintoleransie (Basciano et al, 2005; Stanhope et al, 2009). Doelwitte: Die doelwitte van die studie was om die effek van hoë-vet en sukrose/fruktose voeding op glukosemetabolisme, die ontwikkeling van insulienweerstandigheid en β-sel dinamika te bepaal. Metodes: Gespeende Wistar rotte was in twee groepe gerandomiseer; studie een oor ʼn tydperk van drie maande en studie twee oor ʼn tydperk van twaalf maande onderskeidelik. Elke studie het 'n kontrole groep met standaard rot kos en water (control); en twee experimentele diëte wat of ʼn hoë-vet dieët en water (HFD) of 'n kafeedieët groep wat die HFD met die byvoeging van 15% sukrose/fruktose in hul drink water (CFD) ontvang. Fastende glukose en insulien, binneaarse glukose toleransie toets (IVGTT), glukose gestimuleerde insulien sekresie tempo en 2-deoxi-[3H]-D-glukose opname in spier, lewer en vet is gebruik om die effek van die dieët op glukosemetabolisme te bepaal. Die pankreata is uitgehaal vir immunohistochemiese identifisering van β-selle (insulien), α-selle (glukagoon), GLUT2 (glukose transport) en MIB5 (proliferasie). Monsters van die pankreata was ook vir elektronmikroskopie versamel. Resultate en bespreking: Voeding van ʼn CFD aan Wistar rotte induseer vetsug, insulienweerstandigheid en glukose-intoleransie Teen twaalf maande toon die rotte 'n verswakte respons tot glukose met verhoogde IVGTT piekwaardes, AUC waardes en glukose opruimingswaardes. Terselfdetyd is die glukose gestimuleerde insuliensekresie tempo (GS-ISR) ook verswak. Gestimuleerde glukose opruiming, soos deur 2-deoxi-[3H]-D-glukose opname bepaal, was verlaag in spier en vetweefsel teen drie maande. Teen twaalf maande, weens die ouderdom van die rotte, is die gestimuleerde glukose opname verlaag in vergelyking met drie maande sonder 'n verskil tussen groepe. Na drie maande kon geen sigbare morfologiese verskille met ligmikroskopie tussen die diëte waargeneem word nie. Teen twaalf maande is morfologiese verskille waargeneem in beide die HFD en die CFD groepe. In die HFD groep is groot hipertrofiese onreëlmatige eilande met fibrotiese verandering waargeneem. In die CFD groep was die morfologiese verandering meer gevorder met fibrotiese onderverdeling en ontwrigting van die normale endokriene rangskikking. Die teenwoordigheid van inflammatoriese selle in die geaffekteerde eilande is verenigbaar met T2D. Afleiding: Die voer van 'n hoë-vet dieët aan Wistar rotte veroorsaak vetsug, abdominale adipositeit en insulienweerstandigheid. Die byvoeging van sukrose/ fruktose tot die hoë-vet dieët vererger die insulienweerstandigheid en veroorsaak glukoseintoleransie en matige hiperglukemie. Morfologiese veranderings in die groter eilande was verenigbaar met T2D.
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Gwayi, Noluzuko. "The effects of melatonin on the testis, epididymis and sperm physiology of the Wistar rat." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005366.
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Melatonin is a product of the pineal gland and is postulated to play an antigonadotropic role in the reproductive system of mammals. The reproductive system of non-seasonally breeding mammals is believed to be not as responsive to melatonin treatment as that of seasonally breeding mammals. Recently, there has been increasing support from in vivo and in vitro studies, for the hypothesis that melatonin has negative effects on sperm physiology, especially on sperm motility. High and/or low seminal concentrations of melatonin have been associated with abnormalities in human sperm motility and concentration. In this study, I examined the effects of melatonin on the testis, epididymis and sperm physiology, using in vivo and in vitro experiments, in a non-seasonally breeding mammal. Treatment, in vivo, with exogenous melatonin for six weeks did not inhibit testosterone production or spermatogenesis, nor did it affect the mass of the testes and epididymides at dissection, the concentration the morphology of speimatozoa. However, melatonin in vivo had a small, but significant negative effect on sperm motility and sperm motility index. In vitro incubation of spermatozoa Fith melatonin reduced the percentage (%) of forward progressive movement (fpm), increased the % reduction in fpm, reduced the vigor or quality of sperm motility, reduced the sperm motility index, and delayed and/or prolonged the transition of one pattern of sperm motility to the subsequent patterns. Melatonin increased the pH of the culture medium, and the increased pH, and the ethanol utilized as a solvent for melatonin, both negatively affected all the sperm motility parameters that were assessed in my study. The effects of ethanol increased with time, and the effects of pH increased with both time and increasing pH. Melatonin in vitro did not inhibit capacitation and the acrosome reaction, but it delayed the onset and the progression of capacitation and the acrosome reaction. These results suggest that while melatonin did not inhibit spermatogenesis in the Wistar rat, it may influence sperm motility. Therefore, the presence of high concentrations of melatonin in the reproductive fluids may inhibit sperm motility. With further detailed research, melatonin may have a potential use as a contraceptive drug.
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Barbaria, Arati Chatur. "Comparative Studies of the Desert Rodent Dipodomys Merriami and Munich Wistar Rat Urine Concentrating Mechanisms." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/245071.
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Comparative studies of the mammalian renal medulla suggest that variations in the architecture of the thin limb of Henle’s loop contribute to variations in ability to produce concentrated urine. For this study, tubules and blood vessels of the renal inner medulla were identified by indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies and lectins that recognize segmentspecific proteins. Variations in axial expression of the water channel aquaporin 1 and the Cl channel ClC-K1 in the descending thin limb, suggest that equilibration of luminal fluid by water reabsorption occurs along a greater proportion of each loop length, and Cl reabsorption occurs along a shorter proportion of each prebend loop length in Dipodomys than in the Munich-Wistar rat. Interstitial nodal spaces adjacent to CDs exist in both species and preferential solute diffusion into these spaces may play a significant role in driving fluid reabsorption from CDs. In the terminal papilla, the ATL-to-CD surface area ratio is markedly greater in the Munich-Wistar rat, suggesting that NaCl reabsorption may have less of an impact on water reabsorption from terminal CDs in Dipodomys.
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Abrão, Ricardo Marcelo. "A interferência dos hormônios sexuais no tempo de esqueletização. Estudo experimental em ratos Wistar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-13022007-160018/.
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Pesquisas têm documentado como é variável a decomposição corporal e o intervalo de tempo verificado entre as diversas fases do processo de decomposição do cadáver e o momento em que se verificou a morte. Fatores ambientais como temperatura, umidade, condições aeróbica e anaeróbica, presença de microrganismos e condições do solo são considerados como fatores que interferem no processo que envolve a preservação ou não do cadáver. As circunstâncias que detêm a putrefação, uma vez iniciada, estão representadas pelos processos naturais conservadores dos cadáveres. A formação da adipocera foi investigada para confirmar a sua relação com o tempo de esqueletização relacionado ao sexo. O trabalho teve os seguintes objetivos: 1) registrar e comparar as variáveis ambientais temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, chuvas e as variáveis corporais peso e teor de gordura dos animais; 2) investigar se o processo de esqueletização sofre interferência hormonal, descrevendo, macroscopicamente, a esqueletização comparando-se os grupos conforme o sexo e a fase hormonal e 3) identificar a composição da massa cadavérica dos restos da decomposição corpórea através do método da cromatografia gasosa. Trata-se de trabalho experimental com ratos Wistar sendo utilizados 30 ratos divididos em três grupos: 10 machos castrados sem reposição de testosterona (MCST), 10 machos castrados com reposição de testosterona (MCCT) e 10 machos controles da testosterona (MCoT). Para a formação do grupo das fêmeas foram utilizadas 60 ratas divididas em seis grupos: 10 fêmeas controles na fase diestro (FCoD), 10 fêmeas controles na fase estro (FCoE), 10 fêmeas controles na fase proestro (FCoP), 10 fêmeas castradas sem reposição de hormônio (FCSH), 10 fêmeas castradas com reposição de estrógeno (FCCE) e 10 fêmeas castradas com reposição de progesterona (FCCP). Estes animais foram cuidados até atingirem o peso entre 350 e 450g, quando foram mortos em câmara de CO2 e depois envolvidos individualmente em gaze e algodão e colocados em urnas de madeira e depois sepultados dentro de uma caixa de cimento enterrada no solo. As análises realizadas para verificar a variação dos fatores ambientais e dos fatores corporais não interferiram no processo de esqueletização. Após as exumações, apenas o grupo MCoT apresentou esqueletização completa com o esqueleto visível livre de quaisquer restos remanescentes. Os grupos MCST e MCCT apresentaram esqueletização mínima com massa cadavérica recobrindo todo o corpo e alguns ainda apresentando órgãos e vísceras conservados. Todos os grupos das fêmeas apresentaram esqueletização parcial. Toda massa cadavérica analisada confirmou ser adipocera. Considerando-se que os dois grupos de animais foram sepultados no mesmo local, sob as mesmas condições ambientais e corporais, simultaneamente durante o mesmo intervalo de tempo, foi possível apontar a variável hormônio como o fator responsável pela diferença observada na decomposição corpórea.Researches have been documenting as it is variable the corporal decomposition and the interval of time verified between the several phases of the process of decomposition of the corpse and the moment in which the death was verified. Environmental factors as temperature, humidity, aerobic and anaerobic conditions, presence of microorganisms and conditions of the soil are considered as factors that interfere in the process that involves the preservation or not of the corpse. The circumstances that stop the rotting, once initiated, are represented by the natural processes conservative of the corpses. The formation of the adipocere was investigated to confirm its relation to the time of skeletization related to the sex. The research had the following objectives: 1) to register and to compare the environmental temperature variables, relative humidity of the air, rain and the corporal weight variables and rate of fat of the animals; 2) to investigate if the skeletization process suffers hormonal interference, describing, macroscopically, the skeletization being compared to the groups according to the sex and the hormonal phase and 3) to identify the composition of the cadaverous mass of the remains of the corporal decomposition through the method of gas chromatography. It deals with experimental work with 30 Wistar rats divided into three groups: 10 castrated males no testosterone replacement (CMNT), 10 castrated males with testosterone replacement (CMWT) and 10 males control of testosterone (MCoT). For the formation of the group of the females, 60 female rats were used divided into six groups: 10 females control in the phase diestrus (FCoD), 10 females control in the phase estrus (FCoE), 10 females control in the phase proestrus (FCoP), 10 castrated females no hormone replacement (CFNH), 10 castrated females with estrogen replacement (CFWE) and 10 castrated females with progesterone replacement (CFWP). These animals were taken care of until they reached the weight between 350 and 450g, when they were killed in camera of CO2 and later involved individually in gauze and cotton and put in wood urns and later buried in a cement box placed in the soil. The analyses did to verify the variation of the environmental factors and of the corporal factors didn\'t interfere in the skeletization process. After the exhumations, just the group MCoT presented complete skeletization with the visible skeleton free from any remaining remains. The groups CMNT and CMWT presented minimum skeletization with cadaverous mass covering the whole body and some still presenting conserved organs and viscera. All of the groups of females presented partial skeletization. Every analyzed cadaverous mass was confirmed to be adipocere. Considering that the two groups of animals were buried in the same place, under the same environmental and corporal conditions, simultaneously during the same interval of time, it was possible to point out the variable hormone as the responsible factor for the difference observed in the corporal decomposition.
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Movassat, Jamileh. "Croissance et potentiel régénératif des cellules β pancréatiques : approche expériementale chez le rat Wistar non diabétique et le rat GK spontanément diabétique." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077353.
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L'homéostasie glucidique chez les mammifères est contrôlée principalement par l'insuline, dont le maintien a un niveau adéquat en fonction des demandes de l'organisme est assure par deux mécanismes adaptatifs majeurs : la régulation de l'insulinosécrétion et celle de la masse totale des cellules β. La connaissance des mécanismes de réplication et de néogènes des cellules β est en outre nécessaire pour la mise en place de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques visant à compenser la masse cellulaire β insuffisante chez les patients diabétiques. Ce travail a porte : 1) sur l'étude du développement et de la croissance du pancréas endocrine chez le rat Wistar normal et dans un modèle spontané de diabète chez le rat (rat GK) de la fin de la vie fœtale jusqu'a l'âge adulte et 2) sur le potentiel régénératif des cellules β chez le nouveau-né de rat Wistar et de rat GK, après administration néonatale de streptozotocine. Nos résultats montrent qu'il existe chez le rat GK, une anomalie de la mise en place des cellules β des le stade fœtal, qui précède largement l'installation du diabète dans ce modèle. Cette anomalie touche plus tardivement et a un moindre degré les cellules. L'étude in vitro et in vivo de la réplication des cellules β chez le rat GK montre que dans ce modèle, malgré la diminution de la masse des cellules β, la capacité de réplication de ces cellules est intacte, suggérant que l'anomalie de la croissance des cellules β est due à un défaut du processus de néogènes. Chez le rat Wistar, la destruction des cellules β par la streptozotocine est suivie par une régénération spontanée qui compense partiellement la masse cellulaire β manquante. La régénération spontanée des cellules β survient également, mais à un degré moindre chez le rat GK traite par la streptozotocine. Un traitement précoce par l'insuline des nouveau-nés de rats Wistar traités par la streptozotocine améliore la régénération des cellules β en activant préférentiellement le mécanisme de néogènesGlucose homeostasis is controlled mainly by insulin. There are two major mechanisms to face changing insulin demands: regulation of the acute insulin release and adaptation of the total β cell mass. Understanding of the regulation of β cell growth is crucial since it may lead to new clinical strategies such as the compensation of β cell mass in diabetic patients. Our study has been focused on development and growth of the endocrine pancreas in the normal Wistar rat and in the GK rat, a genetic model of NIDDM, from the late fetal period until the adult age. We have also studied the regenerative potential of the β cells after subtotal destruction by neonatal streptozotocin administration, in both Wistar and GK rats. Our findings demonstrate that in GK rat, the development of the β cells is altered already at fetal stage and is maintained until adulthood. The restriction of the β cell mass must be considered as a primary and crucial event in the sequence leading to overt diabetes in this NIDDM model. A cell mass becomes secondarily and less severely decreased. In Wistar rat, the neonatal β cells are able to regenerate after their subtotal destruction by streptozotocin, to partly compensate the decreased β cell mass. This spontaneous regeneration of β cells occurs also in GK rats after streptozotocin administration, but it is less efficient than that in normal Wistar rats. The GK rat β cells maintain a normal replicative potential in vitro and in vivo, despite the decreased total β cell mass. This suggests that the neogenesis pathway may be defective in the GK rats. Insulin treatment improves the neonatal β cell regeneration in the STZ treated Wistar neonates by acting preferentially on the neogenesis pathway
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Malewiak, Marie-Irène. "Influence d'un regime hyperlipidique sur le metabolisme hepatique des acides gras chez le rat wistar et chez le rat genetiquement obese zucker." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077089.
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Le regime hyperlipidique h induit une hypercetonemie et une accumulation hepatique de triacylglycerols. L'hypercetonemie est plus faible chez les rats obeses hyperinsulinemiques zucker que chez les rats zucker minces ou chez les rats wistar
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SOUZA, NETO JÚNIOR José de Castro. "Avaliação da capacidade de alteração reprodutiva do extrato bruto alcaloídico de Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Apocinacea) em ratas wistar prenhe." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5693.
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The ingestion of toxic plants is an important cause of problems related to health status of herds cattle, goat and sheep, affecting different areas of animal health, one of the playback. Many plants are capable, when ingested to cause diseases in ruminants, affecting many different organs and systems, including the reproductive system. This experiment aimed to evaluate the ability to change reproductive crude extract alkaloids of Aspidosperma pyrifolium in pregnant wistar rats. We used 18 pregnant rats were divided into three experimental groups of 06 animals each, according to treatment received by gavage from the first until the twentieth day of pregnancy, namely: Group I (EP) - treated animals with the placebo extract (01 ml of water / day); Group II (ECA1) – treated animals with concentrated extract alkaloids of Aspidospema pirifolium at a concentration of 0.002 mg / ml; Group III (ACE2) - treated animals with concentrated extract alkaloids of Aspidospema pirifolium at a concentration of 0.004 mg / ml. Significant increase in weight in the animals of group (I) and a relative increase in the animals of group (II), whereas the amines of the group (III) showed no significant change in weight during pregnancy. At 20 days of pregnancy on the number of fetuses, were observed the following results: Group I: average of 4.33 fetuses / female: Group II: average of 1.33 fetuses / female and Group III: average of 0.00 fetuses / female (females without fetuses). It is concluded that the concentrated extract alkaloids of Aspidospema pirifolium modifying reproduction of rats when administered from 1st to 20th day of pregnancy, causing weight loss in rats and decrease the number of fetuses (concentration 0.002 mg / ml) and weight loss and absence of fetuses (concentration 0.004 mg / ml).
A ingestão de plantas tóxicas representa uma importante causa de problemas relacionados ao estado sanitário de rebanhos bovino, caprino e ovino, afetando diferentes áreas da saúde animal, sendo uma delas a reprodução. Várias plantas são capazes, quando ingeridas, de causar dano à saúde dos ruminantes, afetando os mais diferentes órgãos ou sistemas, inclusive o reprodutivo. Este experimento teve o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de alteração reprodutiva do extrato bruto alcaloídico de Aspidosperma pyrifolium em ratas wistar prenhes. Para isto foram utilizadas 18 ratas prenhes divididas em três grupos experimentais de 06 animais, conforme tratamento recebido por via endoesofágica do primeiro ao vigésimo dia de prenhez, a saber: Grupo I (EP) - animais tratados com Extrato Placebo (01 ml de água/dia); Grupo II (ECA1) - animais tratados com Extrato Concentrado Alcaloídico de Aspidospema pirifolium a 0,002 mg/ml; Grupo III (ECA2) - animais tratados com Extrato Concentrado Alcaloídico de Aspidospema pirifolium a 0,004 mg/ml. Foi observado aumento significativo de peso nos animais do grupo (I) e aumento relativo nos animais do grupo (II), enquanto que os animas do grupo (III) não apresentaram alteração significativa de peso no período da prenhez. Aos 20 dias de gestação, quanto ao número de fetos, foram observados os seguintes resultados: Grupo I, média de 4,33 fetos/fêmea; Grupo II, média de 1,33 fetos/fêmea e Grupo III média de 0,00 fetos/fêmea (fêmeas sem fetos). Conclui-se que o extrato concentrado alcaloídico de Aspidospema pirifolium altera a reprodução de ratas, quando administrado do 1º ao 20º dia de prenhez, provocando perda de peso nas fêmeas e diminuição no número de fetos (concentração de 0,002 mg/ml) e perda de peso e ausência de fetos (concentração de 0,004 mg/ml).
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Camargo, Ana Maria Silva. "Lesões renais em ratos Wistar intoxicados experimentalmente com veneno da Caudisona durissa terrifica em diferentes doses." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2013. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/287.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-05Snakebites with Caudisona durissa terrifica are of great importance for the high mortality rate in humans and animals. Neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, abnormal coagulation, hepato and nephrotoxicity are the most commonly observed clinical signs. The present study aimed to evaluate by histopathology the kidney of Wistar rats experimentally intoxicated crotalic venom at different doses. Ninety rats were divided into three groups as follows: control group (CG) - received solution of sodium chloride 0.9% intramuscular (IM); Group 4 (G4) - received 4mg/kg of crotalic venom IM; Group 8 (G8) -received 8mg/kg of crotalic venom IM. Histopathological examination of the kidney was performed in 6 hours time (M6) and 24 hours (M24) after the inoculation of the venom (AV). Moderate renal congestion was observed in both groups, hydropic degeneration and acute tubular necrosis little to G4 in M6 and high incidence of acute tubular necrosis in M24, however, acute tubular necrosis was predominant in the G8 at both times. It is concluded that in Wistar rats using doses of 4 and 8mg/Kg after 24 hours intoxication, crotalic venom causes histological changes in the kidney characterized by congestion, hydropic degeneration and acute tubular necrosis, and the signal strength dose dependent. Further studies are needed to evaluate the causes that lead to the installation of histological renal changes in this species.
Acidentes ofídicos com a Caudisona durissa terrifica são de grande importância pelo alto índice de mortalidade em humanos e animais. Neurotoxicidade, miotoxicidade, alteração de coagulação, hepato e nefrotoxicidade são os sinais clínicos mais comumente observados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar por meio de exame histopatológico o rim de ratos Wistar experimentalmente intoxicados com veneno crotálico em diferentes doses. Noventa ratos foram distribuídos em três grupos sendo: Grupo controle (GC): receberam solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9% intramuscular (IM); Grupo 4 (G4) - receberam 4mg/Kg do veneno crotálico IM; Grupo 8 (G8)-receberam 8mg/Kg de veneno crotálico IM. A histopatologia do rim foi realizada nos momentos 6 horas (M6) e 24 horas (M24) após a inoculação do veneno (AV). Foi observada congestão renal moderada nos dois grupos, degeneração hidrópica e pouca necrose tubular aguda para o G4 no M6 e alta incidência de necrose tubular aguda no M24, no entanto, a necrose tubular aguda foi predominante no G8 nos dois momentos. Conclui-se que em ratos wistar utilizando-se as doses de 4 e 8mg/Kg em 24 horas após intoxicação, o veneno crotálico provoca alterações histológicas em rim caracterizadas por congestão, degeneração hidrópica e necrose tubular aguda, sendo a intensidade dos sinais dose dependente. Novos estudos são necessários para avaliação das causas que levam a instalação das alterações histológicas renais nesta espécie animal.
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Matos, Eduardo Pompeo de. "Resposta do sistema imunológico e do metabolismo intermediário de ratos wistar machos tratados com nonilfenol etoxilado." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2018. https://repositorio.ucs.br/11338/3859.
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O nonilfenol etoxilado (NPE) é um desregulador endócrino que está presente no meio ambiente devido ao seu uso como detergente nos processos de limpeza de efluentes industriais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do NPE sobre o sistema imune adaptativo em ratos Wistar machos. Nestes animais foram avaliados o efeito do NPE sobre as células linfocitárias periféricas através da realização de hemograma e do perfil linfocitário adaptativo, analisando os marcadores de superfície CD4, CD8, CD28 e CD45 RA. Foi também avaliado o efeito do tratamento sobre o fígado e baço, bem como sobre o metabolismo intermediário, através das análises de glicemia, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Os dados não demonstraram diferenças significativas em relação ao índice hepático e esplênico. O nível de triglicerídeos apresentou um aumento de 50% nos grupos tratados, na avaliação dos níveis de colesterol e glicose não foi demonstrado diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Os resultados indicaram que o número de linfócitos e monócitos dos grupos tratados tiveram uma queda significativa de aproximadamente 25% e 50% em relação ao grupo controle. Foi demonstrado que o número de células fortemente marcadas quanto à presença da proteína CD45RA High na superfície celular dos linfócitos é maior nas células dos ratos do grupo tratado e que o tratamento aumenta a relação entre as células CD45RA High/Dim. Esses resultados levantam a hipótese que as células aumentadas nos grupos tratados apresentam fenótipo de membrana compatível com células T terminalmente diferenciadas (TEMRA). Este estudo forneceu dados novos sobre a ação do NPE, até onde se tem conhecimento, é a primeira pesquisa a constatar a presença elevada de células TEMRA em animais tratados com NPE, contribuindo com um novo foco para futuras pesquisas dessa substância.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq
Ethoxylated nonylphenol (NPE) is an endocrine disruptor that is present in the environment because of its use as a detergent in the industrial effluent cleaning processes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of ethoxylated nonylphenol (NPE) on the adaptive immune system in male Wistar rats. In these animals, the effect of NPE on peripheral lymphocyte cells was evaluate by performing hemogram and adaptive lymphocytic profile, analyzing CD4, CD8, CD28 and CD45 RA surface markers. The effect of treatment on the liver and spleen, as well as on the intermediate metabolism, was also evaluate through glycemic, triglyceride and cholesterol analyzes. The data did not show significant differences in relation to the hepatic and splenic index. The level of triglycerides presented a 50% increase in the treated groups; in the evaluation of cholesterol and glucose levels, no significant differences between the groups were demonstrate. The results indicated that both, the number of lymphocytes and monocytes of the treated groups had a significant decrease of approximately 25% and 50% relative to the control group. The number of strongly labeled cells for the presence of the CD45RA High protein on the cell surface of the lymphocytes showed to be higher in the cells of the mice in the treated group and that the treatment increases the ratio between the CD45RA High/Dim cells. These results raise the hypothesis that enlarged cells in the treated groups exhibit terminally differentiated T cell (TEMRA). This study provided new data on the action of NPE, to the best of our knowledge, is the first research to verify the elevated presence of TEMRA cells in animals treated with NPE. In addition, these findings contribute a new focus for future research on this substance.
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Mason, Steven R. "Studies on the effects of moderate exercise on Nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the female wistar rat /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18972.pdf.
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Belbraouet, Slimane. "Effet protecteur du calcium alimentaire lors de la carcinogenèse colique chimio-induite chez le rat Wistar." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0021_BELBRAOUET.pdf.
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Ce travail analyse chez les rats Wistar, le rôle promoteur des régimes hyperlipidiques polyinsaturés (n-6) et saturés (végétaline) ainsi que l'influence de la supplémentation calcique (1. 5%) sous forme carbonate, lactate ou gluconate vis-à-vis de la carcinogenèse colique induite par la NMU. Les lipides saturés, en présence de la NMU, sont des promoteurs potentiels de la carcinogenèse colique. La protection vis-à-vis de la carcinogenèse colique dépend de la forme chimique du sel de calcium. Le lactate de calcium semble avoir plus d'effets relativement au carbonate et gluconate de calcium. Cet effet protecteur du calcium se manifeste sur plusieurs niveaux (luminal et systémique) et à différentes étapes de la carcinogenèse (prolifération, promotion et progression). Le calcium agit principalement par la chélation des acides biliaires et surtout des acides gras et à travers la modulation des transformations bactériennes du cholestérol et de ses dérivés. Les bilans calciques suggèrent que l'effet du lactate de calcium est également systémique à travers la diminution de la prolifération cellulaire. La laminine P1 est proposée comme un marqueur tumoral. Les taux sériques de cette protéine sont associés à la tumorigenèse colique.
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Toniolo, Anne-Marie. "Variabilité inter-individuelle, contrainte de l'environnement et structuration de groupe : une étude chez le rat Wistar." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN21015.
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Le travail présenté se rapporte à un phénomène de différenciation sociale qui s'opère systématiquement parmi des petits groupes de rats places face a une situation de difficulté d'accès à la nourriture. Dans une première partie, la typologie détaillée des individus révélé l'existence de trois formes stables de réponse adaptée à la situation. Certains individus affrontent la contrainte. D’autres n'y parviennent pas et n'ont pas d'autres moyens pour survivre que d'attaquer les précédents pour leur voler la nourriture. La seconde partie analyse les processus sociocognitifs mis en œuvre dans les interactions développées à cet effet. La différenciation observée aboutit à une spécialisation de rôles interdépendants, non superposable à une hiérarchie de dominance. La dernière partie est consacrée à l'étude du déterminisme ontogénétique de cette différenciation. Les résultats d'une série d'épreuves appliquées aux rats, de la naissance à l'âge de soumission à la situation expérimentale permet de prédire le statut et le rôle qu'un individu donné assumera au sein de son groupe, dans la phase différenciéeThe present work concerns a social differentiation that systematically appears in small groups of rats placed in a situation of alimentary constraint. The first part is devoted to the detailed typology of the individuals. Two types are characterized: some rats are able to overcome the constraint. The others cannot act in such a waif and must attack the formers in order to steal the food. The second part concerns the socio-cognitive process in the groups; in terms of specialize and interdependent roles which do not correspond to a dominance hierarchy. The last part is devoted to the ontogenesis social differentiation determinism. The results from a set of tests applied to the rats between birth and adult stage can predict the future of roles of the rats in the experimental situation
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Tarhzaoui, Karima. "Hyperperméabilité capillaire et neuropathie périphérique au cours du diabète expérimental du rat wisTar : effets des statines." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132008.
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Chez le rat Wistar le diabète induit par la streptozotocine administrée tôt, à l’âge de 5 jours, est caractérisé par une hyperglycémie marquée mais permettant la survie pendant plusieurs mois sans traitement hypoglycémiant. Nous avons complété la description de ce modèle en explorant de façon répétée in vivo la perméabilité capillaire et la conduction nerveuse jusqu’à l’âge de 9 mois. La chronologie de l’augmentation de la perméabilité capillaire à l’albumine et des altérations de la conduction nerveuse permet de tester des agents pharmacologiques de façon préventive, avant l’installation de ces troubles. Nous avons testé, sur ces deux cibles du diabète, deux statines, la cérivastatine et la rosuvastatine, pendant trois et cinq mois respectivement. Les résultats témoignent d’un effet préventif des statines sur l’augmentation de la perméabilité capillaire à l’albumine et sur les altérations nerveuses sensitives, tandis qu’apparaissent sous traitement des altérations électrophysiologiques suggérant une atteinte modérée du muscle strié squelettique. Nous avons également démontré le rôle de la rosuvastatine dans la réduction de la pression artérielle du rat diabétique, par un mécanisme lié à l’inhibition de la synthèse du cholestérol. Au contraire, les effets de la rosuvastatine sur la perméabilité capillaire et sur la conduction nerveuse demeurent inchangés en cas d’adjonction de mévalonate et sont indépendants de ses effets sur les lipides circulants et sur la pression artérielle. Ces données indiquent qu’au cours de la maladie diabétique les mécanismes de la réponse endothéliale aux statines diffèrent au niveau des capillaires sanguins et au niveau artérielIn Wistar rats diabetes early induced by streptozotocin administration by 5 days of life, is characterized by a marked hyperglycaemia but a long survival during several months without hypoglycemic drugs. We have completed the description of this model by investigating in vivo capillary permeability and nerve conduction repeatedly until 9 months of age. The kinetics of the increase in the capillary permeability to albumin and the alterations in nerve conduction make possible to test drugs in a preventive way, before the onset of these disorders. We have tested two statins, cerivastatin and rosuvastatin, during 3 and 5 months, respectively, on these two targets. Our results demonstrate a preventive effect of both statins on the increase in capillary permeability and sensory nerve alterations, whereas some electrophysiological changes suggesting a moderate impairment of skeletal muscle occur during treatment. We have also demonstrated the role of rosuvastatin in the reduction of blood pressure in diabetic rat, through a mechanism related to the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. On the contrary the effects of rosuvastatin on capillary permeability and nerve conduction remain unchanged after combined mevalonate treatment and are independent from its effect on blood lipids and blood pressure. These data indicate that in diabetes the mechanisms of endothelial response to statins differ in capillary and artery network
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Sendyk, Daniel Isaac. "Avaliação radiográfica e histológica comparativa entre uma nova membrana eletrofiada de PCL/poli(rotaxona) e uma membrana de colágeno suíno na regeneração óssea guiada de defeito crítico em calvária de ratos Wistar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23149/tde-17062015-110614/.
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Dentre as diversas possibilidades de reconstrução de tecidos ósseos atróficos, a regeneração óssea guiada é uma das mais promissoras. Neste contexto, muitas membranas reabsorvíveis tem sido desenvolvidas e precisam ser testadas como parte de sua caracterização. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar radiográfica e histologicamente em um estudo in vivo, se uma nova membrana polimérica eletrofiada de PCL/poli(rotaxona) demonstra comportamento semelhante a uma membrana de colágeno, comercialmente consagrada, quanto à promoção de regeneração óssea guiada. Foi realizado defeito crítico de 8mm de diâmetro na calvária de 60 ratos Wistar machos. Em dois grupos iguais (n=20) os defeitos foram recobertos aleatoriamente por uma membrana de colágeno suíno ou por uma membrana polimérica mista de policaprolactona (PCL) e poli(rotaxona). Em um terceiro grupo (n=20) os defeitos não foram recobertos e permaneceram apenas com o coágulo. Os animais sofreram eutanásia em 7, 14, 21 e 42 dias pós operatórios. Espécimes da região foram radiografadas e preparadas para análise histológica. Radiograficamente, os defeitos recobertos pela membrana de colágeno suíno apresentaram diminuição mais significativa da área radiográfica dos defeitos de acordo com a progressão dos períodos pós-operatórios do que nos outros grupos. A histomorfologia do reparo mostrou agrupamentos mais expressivos de células gigantes no grupo PCL/poli(rotaxona) sugerindo resposta à corpo estranho. Na histomorfometria, a neoformação óssea foi significativamente mais intensa e com osso neoformado mais maduro no grupo Colágeno. Concluímos que para um modelo de regeneração óssea guiada, a membrana de PCL/poli(rotaxona) não superou a membrana de colágeno.The need to rebuild lost bone tissue, shows up as one of the great challenges of modern dentistry. Among several possibilities, guided bone regeneration is one of the most established techniques. In this context, many resorbable membranes have been developed and need to be tested as part of their characterization. The aim of this study was to evaluate by an in vivo model, if a new electrospinning PCL/polyrotaxane polymer membrane promotes similar guided bone regeneration when compared to a collagen membrane. An 8mm diameter critical defect was made in 60 male Wistar rats calvaria. In two equal groups (n = 20) the defects were randomly covered with a porcine collagen or a PCL/polyrotaxane membranes. In a third group (n = 20) the defects remained uncovered and just the blood clot occupied the defect. The animals were euthanized at 7, 14, 21 and 42 days post-operative. Specimens were x-rayed and prepared for histological analysis. Radiographically, the defects covered by porcine collagen membrane, showed more significant reduction in defect area, according to postoperative period evolution. Histomorphology showed intense giant cells presence in the PCL/polyrotaxane group, suggesting a foreign body response. The histomorphometric analysis showed new and mature bone formation more intense in collagen group. Under the limits of this study, the collagen membrane performance in guided tissue regeneration was far superior to the PCL/polyrotaxane membrane.
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Burim, Rafael Augusto. "Avaliação da reparação de defeitos ósseos críticos na calvária de ratos Wistar sob ação sistêmica de Icariin: estudo radiográfico, histomorfológico e histomorfométrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23149/tde-02092013-180120/.
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A reconstrução de defeitos ósseos críticos é alvo de inúmeras pesquisas em cirurgia bucomaxilofacial. Tais pesquisas visam, de maneira geral, a optimização da neoformação óssea e a eliminação dos procedimentos de remoção de osso autógeno para reconstrução. Os modelos animais têm sido a metodologia mais utilizada para avaliar a eficácia de novas substâncias e biomateriais na reparação óssea. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência de um flavonóide, o icariin, na reparação óssea de defeitos críticos confeccionados na calvária de ratos Wistar. Um defeito ósseo crítico circular foi confeccionado em 40 calvarias de ratos por meio de uma broca trefina de 8 mm de diâmetro sob irrigação salina constante. Ao final dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, os animais foram divididos, aleatoriamente, em grupo teste (n=20), que recebeu o icariin, na dose de 125 mg/kg de peso e grupo controle (n=20), que recebeu soro fisiológico. Ambas as substâncias foram administradas por meio de gavagem até o dia da eutanásia. Ao final de cada período observacional de 7, 14, 21 e 42 dias, 5 animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados e as amostras da calvária foram removidas e mantidas em formol 10% por 48 horas. As calvárias foram radiografadas e, após descalcificação, foram submetidas à avaliação histológica com coloração hematoxilina-eosina sob microscópio de luz. Os defeitos foram analisados considerando a diminuição da área do defeito na imagem radiográfica, as características de reparo ósseo e a osteogênese na região da ferida. Os resultados da análise radiográfica mostraram que a área do defeito ósseo no grupo teste foi significativamente menor que no grupo controle em todos os períodos observacionais. A avaliação histológica mostrou um aumento na neoformação óssea do grupo teste (p=0,02). A histomorfometria demonstrou osteogênese significante no grupo teste com 7 dias (p=0,021), 14 dias (p=0,014), 21 dias (p=0,021) e 42 dias (p=0,009). Foi possível concluir que o icariin sistêmico induziu uma maior neoformação óssea em defeitos críticos.Bone critical defect reconstruction is an important target in current oral surgery research. Contemporary research has been searching for osteogenesis optimization to minimize the necessity of using autogenous bone grafts procedures. Animal models have been the widespread methodology to evaluate the effect of different new substances and biomaterials in bone healing. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of systemic daily flavonoid, icariin, in the repair of calvaria critical size defects induced in Wistar rats. A round critical size defect was performed centrally in 40 rats calvaria using an 8mm trephine under sterile saline solution irrigation. After surgery, half the animals, randomly, received by gavage daily doses of 125mg/Kg-icariin (Test Group) till the euthanasia. The other half (Control Group) received the same volume of saline solution. Five animals of each group were euthanized after 7, 14, 21 and 42 days postoperatively. The rats calvaria were removed, fixed in 10% formalin for 48 hours. Calvarias were X-rayed and after decalcification they underwent histological examination with hematoxylin eosin stain under a light microscope. Defects were analyzed considering area diminishing in X-ray image, bone healing characteristics and osteogenesis in the defect region. Results showed that bone defect area in Test Group was significant smaller in all observational periods. Histological evaluation showed an increased expression in bone trabeculae neoformation in Test Group (p=0,02). Histomorphometry demonstrated significant osteogenesis in Test Group at 7 days (p=0,021), 14 days (p=0,014), 21 days (p=0,021) and 42 days (p=0,009). It was concluded that systemic icariin induced a more expressive bone healing in critical size defects in rats.
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SILVA, Roberto Rômulo Ferreira da. "Avaliação da cicatrização de feridas abertas tratadas com hipoclorito de sódio 0,5%, em ratos wistar (Rattus norvegicus albinus)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5851.
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Roberto Romulo Ferreira da Silva.pdf: 3155721 bytes, checksum: 3e1007b29d728c7b43b0e1cf83f48040 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-04T12:11:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Romulo Ferreira da Silva.pdf: 3155721 bytes, checksum: 3e1007b29d728c7b43b0e1cf83f48040 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-29
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) in the healing of open wounds in the skin, induced experimentally in 24 rats(Rattus norvegicus albinus), 4 months of age, male, weighing approximately 250g. Two surgically injuries were performed in the right and left lateral sides of the chest. The wound located into the right antimere was treated with 0.5% NaClO and the contralateral wound received 0.9 %. sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. To measure the wounds contraction, morphometric analysis were accomplished at the beginning of the experiment (time zero) and post-surgery at times 3, 7 and 14 days. The data were statistically analyzed by the Uniformity KS test, and the groups were compared by ANOVA and TUKEY tests. The histopathological analysis of the post-surgical injuries’ fragment showed that the wounds treated with 0.5% NaClO presented greater contraction at day 14 compared to those treated with 0.9% NaCl. In addition an expressive decrease in the neovascularization at day 14 and a greater tendency to the organization of fibrous tissue at day 21 were observed in the lesions treated with 0.5 % NaClO. However, no statistical difference (p ≤ 0.05) was observed for each time trial in both treatments. Nevertheless, it was observed that 0.5% NaClO caused greater reduction in the treated wounds and therefore this antiseptic could be suggested as an alternate treatment for open wounds in the Veterinary Medicine.
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) 0,5% na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas abertas, induzidas experimentalmente em 24 ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus), com 4 meses de idade, machos,pesando aproximadamente 250g. Foram realizadas cirurgicamente duas feridas nas faces laterais direita e esquerda do tórax, sendo que na ferida do antímero direito foi utilizado borrifamento com solução de hipoclorito de sódio 0,5% e na ferida contralateral, empregou-se solução de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) 0,9%. Realizaram-se avaliações morfométricas para avaliar a contração das feridas no início do experimento (tempo zero) e nos tempos experimentais 3, 7 e 14 dias pósoperatório (PO), sendo submetidas à análise estatística pelo teste de Homogeneidade K-S, e em seguida os grupos foram comparados através dos testes ANOVA e pós-teste de TUKEY. Fragmentos das lesões nos tempos experimentais 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias pós-operatórios foram submetidos a exames histopatológicos. A análise da evolução das feridas considerando-se cada tratamento isoladamente, demonstrou que as feridas tratadas com NaClO 0,5% apresentaram maior contração com 14 dias PO quando comparadas àquelas tratadas com NaCl 0,9%. A histopatologia demonstrou expressiva regressão da neovascularização aos 14 dias PO e maior tendência à organização do tecido fibroso aos 21 dias, nas lesões tratadas com NaClO 0,5%. Entretanto, não se observou diferença estatística significante para p ≤ 0,05 quando se comparou os dois tratamentos, a cada tempo experimental. Apesar disso, observou-se que o NaClO 0,5% provocou maior redução nas feridas tratadas e portanto sugere-se que este antisséptico possa ser utilizado como tratamento alternativo de feridas abertas em Medicina Veterinária.
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Chiarappa, Frank E. "The Effects of Exogenous Sry1 and Sry3 on the Rat Kidney." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1269889467.
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Camargo, Milena Colonhese. "Aplicabilidade de uma película de celulose cristalina no tratamento de feridas cutâneas induzidas em ratos wistar." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2011. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/246.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-20Wound healing aims to restore the morphological and functional integrity of the skin. This study evaluates by means of clinical and histologic healing process of skin wounds induced experimentally in rats using a film crystalline cellulose Veloderm ®. Thirty-two rats were divided into two groups: control group (CG) wounds treated with a solution of sodium chloride 0.9% and group veloderm (GV) wounds treated with a film of crystalline cellulose and were evaluated for 26 days at different times. Weight loss was observed in animals from both groups in the early stages, and greater weight gain in the final moments of the GV to the animal, the temperature oscillations in the two groups with predominance in some moments of hypothermia, pinkish wound in the two groups across all time points, greater granulation tissue in animals of CG, the presence of little oozing from the wound and feature in GV and more serous exudation in characteristic bloody GC, GC in the presence of pain and pain in the absence of GV and greater contraction of the wound to the GC, but with complete healing in early GV. Thus, we conclude that the crystalline cellulose film Veloderm ® is effective in the treatment of skin wounds in rats, easy to apply and use, promotes protection and lessen the pain by bringing comfort to the patient, enhances visualization and control of the evolution of the injury keeping humidity, as well as a cost-effective.
A cicatrização de feridas visa restabelecer a integridade morfológica e funcional da pele. Este estudo avalia por meio de exame clínico e histológico o processo de cicatrização de feridas cutâneas induzidas experimentalmente em ratos Wistar, utilizando uma película de celulose cristalina denominada Veloderm®. Trinta e dois ratos foram distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo controle (GC) feridas tratadas com solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9% e grupo veloderm (GV) feridas tratadas com a película de celulose cristalina e foram avaliados durante 26 dias em diferentes momentos. Foi observado perda de peso nos animais dos dois grupos nos momentos iniciais, e maior peso nos momentos finais para os animais do GV, oscilações da temperatura nos dois grupos com predominância em alguns momentos de hipotermia, coloração rósea da ferida nos dois grupos ao longo de todos os momentos de avaliação, maior tecido de granulação nos animais do GC, presença de pouca exsudação da ferida e de característica serosa no GV e maior exsudação de característica sanguinolenta no GC, presença de dor no GC e ausência de dor no GV e maior contração da ferida para o GC, porém com cicatrização completa da ferida mais precoce no GV. Desta forma, conclui-se que a película de celulose cristalina Veloderm® é eficaz no tratamento de feridas cutâneas em rato, de fácil aplicação e utilização, promove proteção e diminui a dor trazendo conforto ao paciente, favorece visualização e controle evolutivo da lesão mantendo a umidade, além de um bom custo benefício.
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Martins, Susana Isabel Vargas. "New insights into biological effects of conjugated linoleic acid and saturated fats in body fat composition, obesity and related disorders: experimental studies in normal-weight Wistar and obese Zucker rats." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1770.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciência e Tecnologia AnimalThe daily intake of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers by humans, through diet and supplementation, and the controversial effects of these compounds in human health, were the main motivation for the elaboration of this thesis. Firstly, the present work intended to estimate the daily CLA ingestion by the Portuguese population. Secondly, the biological effects of CLA were exploited using two distinct animal models, normal-weight (Wistar rat) and genetically fat (obese Zucker rat), in combination with saturated fat based diets. The estimative of total CLA intake for the Portuguese population was 73.70 mg/day. The cis(c)9,trans(t)11 and t7,c9 were the most prevalent CLA isomers, with, respectively, 76.10 and 12.56% of the total CLA intake value. Concerning the animal trials, CLA in conjugation with saturated fats revealed beneficial but also deleterious biological effects. In the normal-weight Wistar rat fed a palm oil based diet, the administration of c9,t11 CLA isomer increased the serum triacylglycerols and the size of adipocytes from epididymal and retroperitoneal fat depots. In addition, a CLA mixture of c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers increased the glycerol membrane permeability of kidney proximal tubules, which may indicate an improvement of glycerol reabsorption pathway. In the obese Zucker rat, CLA (as a mixture) induced changes in fatty acid profile of liver, muscle and adipose depots. CLA supplemented with a vegetable saturated fat diet seemed to promote a more beneficial adipokine serum profile and an alleviation of hepatic steatosis. In contrast, adverse effects of CLA were observed with hypercholesterolaemia promotion. Regardless CLA, the ovine fat diets worsened the insulin resistance and increased the pro-inflammatory serum cytokines. In the liver, different levels of cell death and apoptotic pathways were modulated by CLA, depending on the type of saturated fat present in the diet. The most striking result of this study was that CLA was not able to promote fat loss in both experimental models. Moreover, new mechanisms of CLA action were disclosed in this work, which reinforce the need to further investigate this compound.
RESUMO - Efeitos biológicos do ácido linoleico conjugado e de gorduras saturadas na composição da gordura corporal, na obesidade e patologias associadas: estudos experimentais em ratos Wistar e Zucker obesos - A ingestão diária de isómeros do ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA), através da dieta e da sua suplementação, bem como, os efeitos controversos destes compostos na saúde humana, constituíram a principal motivação para a elaboração desta tese. Numa primeira fase, o trabalho pretendeu estimar a ingestão diária de CLA pela população Portuguesa. Posteriormente, foram avaliados os efeitos biológicos do CLA quando suplementado a dietas à base de gordura saturada. Para tal, recorreu-se a dois modelos animais distintos, o rato Wistar e o rato Zucker (geneticamente obeso). A ingestão média total de CLA pela população Portuguesa foi estimada em 73.70 mg/dia. Os isómeros do CLA mais representativos foram o cis(c)9,trans(t)11 e o t7,c9, correspondendo, respectivamente, a 76.10 e 12.56% do total de CLA ingerido. Quanto aos estudos in vivo, o CLA revelou efeitos biológicos tanto benéficos como prejudiciais. No modelo Wistar alimentado com dieta à base de óleo de palma, a administração do isómero do CLA c9,t11 elevou os níveis de triacilgliceróis no soro, bem como, o tamanho dos adipócitos das gorduras epididimal e retroperitoneal. Adicionalmente, a mistura de isómeros do CLA (c9,t11 e t10,c12) aumentou a permeabilidade membranar ao glicerol no túbulo proximal do rim, sugerindo uma melhoria no processo de reabsorção desta molécula. No modelo Zucker, o CLA (como mistura de isómeros) induziu alterações no perfil dos ácidos gordos do fígado, músculo e gorduras epididimal e retroperitoneal. O CLA administrado com óleo de palma promoveu um perfil de adipocinas no soro mais benéfico e melhorou a esteatose hepática. Em contraste, a suplementação com CLA apresentou um efeito hipercolesterolémico. Independentemente do CLA, a dieta rica em gordura de ovinos agravou a resistência à insulina e aumentou as adipocinas pró-inflamatórias no soro. No fígado, diferentes níveis de morte celular e vias apoptóticas foram modeladas pelo CLA em função do tipo de gordura presente na dieta. É de salientar que não se observaram efeitos anti-adipogénicos do CLA em nenhum dos dois modelos animais. Por último, esta tese contribuiu para a descoberta de novos mecanismos de acção dos isómeros do CLA, reforçando a necessidade de continuar a estudar estes compostos.
This work was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the individual fellowship SFRH/BD/22566/2006 and co-financed by the grant POCTI/44750/2002
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Trujillo, Piso Dunia Yisela [UNESP]. "Estudos de preparações antiproteolíticas no tratamento da ceratite ulcerativa experimental em ratos (Rattus novergicus linhagem wistar, variação albinus, Linnaeus, 1758)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88974.
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Estudaram-se os efeitos do sulfato de condroitina 3% (SC), da N-acetilcisteína 10% (NAC), do EDTA 1% (EDTA) e solução salina (GC), sobre a viabilidade do epitélio corneal e a concentração de metaloproteinases (MMP-2 e MMP-9), em córneas de ratos submetidos à ulceração química por NaOH 1N. Compuseram-se quatro grupos de vinte e quatro animais, que foram submetidos à queimadura química corneal com NaOH 1N. Os tratamentos foram realizados a intervalos de 6 horas e as córneas fotografadas, nos mesmos períodos, após tingimento com fluoresceína, até a reepitelização. Doze animais de cada grupo foram submetidos à eutanásia humanitaria, 20 horas após ulcerações. O mesmo procedimento foi repetido às 42 horas para os outros doze animais de cada grupo. As córneas foram processadas para quantificação de microvilosidades do epitelio corneal por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e para quantificação da MMP-2 e -9, por zimografia. O tempo médio de epitelização em horas foi de 28,00±12,82 (SC), 29,00±11,01 (NAC), 35,00±7,01 (EDTA) e de 35,00±7,01 (GC), sem diferença signficativa (p=0,46) entre os grupos. Não se observou diferença quanto ao número de MEC entre os grupos (p>0,05). Às 20 e às 42 horas, a forma latente da MMP-2 foi significativamente mais elevada nos grupos NAC e SC (p<0,001), e às 42 horas observou-se maior concentração em EDTA, relativamente ao GC (p<0,001). Às 42 horas, a concentração da MMP-2, em sua forma ativa, foi significativamente maior, no grupo SC, relativamente aos demais grupos (p<0,001). A MMP-9 só se expressou em sua forma latente, sendo sua concentração significativamente mais elevada, no grupo NAC, às 42 horas (p<0,001). Concluiu-se, que das substâncias testadas, só o sulfato de condroitina acelerou a epitelização corneal, mas nenhuma delas apresentou efeitos protetores às microvilosidades do epitélio corneal...
This study aimed evaluate the effects of topical 3% chondroitin sulfate (SC), 10% N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 1% EDTA (EDTA) and 0,9% NaCl on corneal epithelial viability and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and -9), in alkali burned rat corneas. Ninety eight healthy rats were divided into four groups and animals were submitted to corneal burn with NaOH 1N. All treatments occurred every 6 hours, and the corneas were photographed at the same time points until lesions were fluorescein negative. Twelve animals of each group were euthanized 24 and 42 hours after burn, and corneas were processed for corneal epithelial microvilli quantification (CEM) by scanning electron microscopy and MMP-2 and -9 evaluation by zimography. Images were quantified by Image J. Average corneal wound healing rate was 28,00±12,82 (SC), 29,00±11,01 (NAC), 35,00±7,01 (EDTA) and 35,00±7,01 hours in controls (GC) (p=0,46). CEM count did not change significantly among groups (p>0,05). At 20 and 42 hours, MMP-2 latent form quantity was significantly increased in NAC and SC groups (p<0.001); at 42 hours, MMP-2 latent form was significantly elevated in EDTA, in comparison to GC (p<0,001). At 42 hours, MMP-2 active form was significantly increased only in SC (p<0,001). MMP-9 was expressed only in its latent form, being significantly higher in NAC, at 42 hours (p<0,001). This study indicated that only 3% chondroitin sulfate accelerated corneal wound healing. 10% N-acetylcysteine, 1% EDTA and 3% chondroitin sulfate did not protect the corneal epithelial microvilli. In addition, none of the tested agents showed any benefit over MMPs inhibition in alkali burned
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Addou, Benounan Samia. "Conséquences de l'adaptation à un régime hyperprotéique sur la structure de l'épithélium intestinal chez le rat Wistar." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004489.
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Les protéines alimentaires se trouvent principalement dans des aliments traditionnels d'origine animale et végétale. L'évaluation de la qualité nutritionnelle de différents sources de protéines alimentaires consiste à mettre en relation les caractéristiques de l'apport alimentaire et les caractéristiques de la demande métabolique concept relatif à l'état de l'individu. La recommandation de base WHO/UNU est de 0,8g /kg /j de protéine de bonne qualité pour l'homme adulte. L'objet de ce travail est d'évaluer les conséquences d'une adaptation à un régime hyperprotéique sur des modifications fonctionnelles et morphologique chez le rat en croissance. Plus particulièrement, on a analysé les effets d'un régime à 50% en protéines sur l'évolution du poids corporel, le poids de certains organes ainsi que sur la structure intestinale du rat. Dans ce but, 96 rats mâles de souche wistar pesant entre 175 et 185g (180±2,27g), sont répartis en 5 groupes : le 1er groupe (n=30) reçoit un régime normoprotéique à base de protéine totale de lait (14%) et constitue le groupe témoin, le 2ème groupe (n=30) reçoit un régime hyperprotéique (50%) à base de protéine totale de lait, le 3ème groupe (n=12) reçoit un régime normoprotéique (14,5%) à base de protéine végétale onab , le 4ème groupe (n=12) reçoit un régime hyperprotéique (50%) à base de protéine de soja, le 5ème groupe (n=12) reçoit un régime hyperprotéique (50%) à base de gluten. Tous ces régimes sont administrés pendant 60 jours, durée de l'expérimentation. Les résultats montrent qu'une surconsommation de protéines s'accompagne d'une diminution significative du poids corporel et d'une modification de la structure histologique de l'épithélium intestinal qui se traduit par une atrophie villositaire et par une augmentation des lymphocytes intra-épithéliaux. Ces modifications seraient la manifestation de phénomènes induits par l'exposition chronique de l'épithélium intestinal à des teneurs élevés en protéines. Nous avons conclu qu'une surconsommation de protéines n'est pas sans conséquence sur la composition corporelle et la fonction intestinale. Il convient donc d'observer une certaine prudence dans l'utilisation à long terme de formules diététiques enrichies en protéines chez l'homme.
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Médard, Christophe. "Analyse immunohistochimique et étude ultrastructurale de l'interface os-implant de titane dans le modèle du rat Wistar." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T084.
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La 4e de couverture indique : "Les objectifs de notre travail étaient d'examiner les événements biologiques qui interviennent dans la région médullaire lors des phases précoces de l'ostéointégration et de préciser la nature de l'interface os-implant. Des implants miniatures en titane de grade 1 ont été inséré dans le tibia de rats Wistar adultes. Les résultats morphologiques montrent que, dès le 4ème jour, des îlots de tissu ostéoi͏̈de sont visibles à proximité de l'implant. Au 7ème jour, l'implant est entouré par un tissu osseux fibrillaire; puis au 21ème jour, par un tissu osseux lamellaire. Les copeaux osseux produits lors du forage du puits implantaire favorisent la réponse ostéogènique. L'analyse immunohistochimique montre que l'interface est légèrement marquée pour le collagène de type 1 au 4ème jour, puis fortement marquée à partir du 7ème jour pour l'ostéopontine et l'ostéonectine. Au 7ème jour, la matrice collagénique présente un aspect très organisé, avec des fibres orientées perpendiculairement les unes aux autres. "
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Guermani-Nicolle, Lydie. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effet hypolipemiant des composants de la graine de soja chez le rat wistar." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10321.
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