Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rata albina'
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Andalaft, Neto Jorge [UNIFESP]. "Ação do paracetamol durante a prenhez da rata albina (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Rodentia Mammalia): ensaio biológico." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 1996. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/13471.
Full textUtilizamos 40 ratas prenhes que foram divididas em quatro grupos de dez. 0 grupo I foi considerado controle. As ratas do segundo grupo receberam, diariamente por gavagem 125 mg/kg de peso de paracetamol. 0 terceiro grupo, 500 mg/kg/dia e o quarto grupo 1500 mg/kg/dia de paracetamol. Os pesos maternos foram considerados no inicio e ao 70, 15° e 200 dia da prenhez. No 20° dia, as matrizes foram sacrificadas. Nossos resultados mostraram significante diminuição do número de fetos e de placentas no grupo IV, correspondente A 50%, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Encontramos também diminuição do peso fetal individual e das ninhadas dos grupos Ill e IV. Apesar destes achados, não observamos variação no peso do conjunto das placentas, nem nos indices de implantação. Quanto As reabsorções, verificamos que, comparadas ao grupo controle, houveram duas vezes mais reabsorções no grupo II; três e meia vezes no grupo Ill e sete vezes no grupo IV. Com relação ao número de malformações maiores, observamos no grupo IV, incidência de 15,7%, enquanto no grupo controle esta foi de 2,0%. Dos nossos achados, concluímos que os efeitos deletérios do paracetamol sobre as crias foram diretamente proporcionais As doses administradas A matriz, no que diz respeito ao número de fetos, número de placentas, peso individual das crias e das placentas, incidência de reabsorções e malformações maiores.
Forty female pregnant rats were divided in four groups of ten animals each. The group I was considered control. The rats of the second group received paracetamol by gavage in a doses of 125 mg/kg/day. The third group received 500 mg/kg/day and the fourth 1 500mg/kg/day of paracetamol using the same route of administration. The rats were weighted in the beginning and at 7th, 5t1 and 20th days of pregnancy. The breed was sacrified in the 20th day. A significant decrease (50%) in the number of fetuses and placentas was observed in group IV, when compared to control group. The results showed also decreasing of the breed and fetal individual weight in group Ill and IV. Despite these findings no changes in the placental weights and implantation indexes were observed. Compared to the control group there were twice, three and a half and seven times more fetal reabsorptions in groups II, Ill and IV respectively. The incidence of significant malformations (15.7%) were observed in group IV; while in control it was 2.0%. According to the findings of the number of fetuses and placentas and incidence of reabsorptions and significant malformations it was possible conclude that the deleterious effects of paracetamol varied in a direct proportion of the administered doses.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Cáceres, Gutiérrez Lita Amanda. "Efectos histomorfológicos en la mandibula de ratas albinas sometidas a dieta deficiente en proteína y diferentes concentraciones de hierro." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4839.
Full text--- Nutrition is a phenomenon peculiar and active living beings in their ongoing process of exchange with the environment Objective. Histomorphological effect the jaw albino rats subjected to proteindeficient diet with different iron concentrations assessed. Methodology. The sample consisted of 24 male albino rats Holzman; 21 days old, grouped into 4 experimental groups fed "ad libitum" for 46 days; Group A (control) received 29 mg protein 10g.hierro. / 100 g., group B received 10g protein., 46 mg iron. / 100g; 5g protein C group. Iron 29 mg / 100g); Group D protein 5g., 46 mg iron / 100mg, The anatomical jaw (vertical longitudinal body thickness, vertical branch length) and lower first molar. (coronal and mesiodistal length) cell count analysis and structural elements of the dentin-pulp complex periodontal insertion and the condyle. Result. Existen histomorphological changes in the dentin-pulp, periodontal insertion and condyle translated in decreased cellular elements, earmark layer decreased, acellular obvious area wiel complex; periodontal membrane stage, presence of nodular isogenic groups, and hypertrophic in group C, columnar and nodular isogenic groups alternating with hypertrophic zones in group D condyle. In rats subjected to diet 5g protein, iron /100g.y 26mg 46 mg / 100g) groups C and D. Conclusions. Diets deficient in protein (5g protein, iron 29.46 mg / 100g), and different iron concentration, produces histomorphological effect the jaw rats; reducing dentin layer, pulp odontoblasts and fibroblasts, collagen fibers, reducing the number of fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts; fewer chondroblasts, chondrocytes. Decrease in body weight, length and thickness of the jaw; coronal mesiodistal length and diameter of the first molar of the rats. Keywords: jaw, protein, iron, -pulpar dentin complex
Tesis
Camacho, Silva Margarita Gabriela, and Urbina Camilo Dany Honorio. "Evaluación del efecto antiinflamatorio en ratas albinas según el modelo edema plantar y efecto analgésico en ratones albinos según el modelo tail flick del extracto etanólico de Dalea isidori Barneby “Yerbechil”." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6410.
Full textTesis
Poma, Hullcapuri Rosario Isabel. "Evaluación in vivo del efecto antiinflamatorio en ratas albinas cepa Holtzman y el efecto analgésico en ratones albinos del extracto etanólico de hojas y tallos de Desmodium molliculum (Manayupa)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10038.
Full textTesis
Zepka, Roberto Fonseca. "Um estudo quantitativo da fase pre-convulsiva da crise audiogenica no rato albino." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314474.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O presente trabalho investigou quantitativamente diversos parâmetros associados com a fase pré-convulsiva do ataque audiogênico no rato albino (variedade Wistar) utilizando um aparato semi-automático desenvolvido para o registro e análise dos episódios de corrida da fase procursiva. Foram estudados o efeito da intensidade de estimulação sonora sobre o ataque, assim como a ação de interrupções do estimulo sonoro em diferentes períodos da fase pré-convulsiva. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a intensificação do estimulo sonoro esta relacionada com o aumento da severidade dos ataques, bem como com a redução nas latências para o aparecimento dos episódios de corrida da fase procursiva. Interrupções do estimulo sonoro (principalmente de interrupções de 25 segundos) durante a manifestação da fase procursiva determinaram a supressão ou o retardo significativo para o aparecimento dos elementos do ataque subseqüentes a suspensão do estimulo. Um modelo teórico dos mecanismos neurais do ataque audiogênico é proposto baseado nos dados experimentais obtidos
Abstract: The present work investigated quantitatively several parameters associated with the pre-convulsive phase of audiogenic seizures in the albino rat (Wistar variety) ,using a microcomputer-based apparatus developed to record and analyse the running motor phase episodes. We studied the effect of the acoustic stimuli intensity in seizures and the action of the acoustic stimuli interruption in different periods of the. pre-convulsive phase. The results obtained indicated that the acoustic stimulus intensification is related with the increase of the seizure severity and with decrease of running bout onset latency. Acoustic stimuli interruption (mainly 25 seconds interruptions) during an audiogenic seizure manifestation determine the suppression or significant onset delay of the seizure elements subsequent to the stimulus suspension. A theoretical model of the neural mechanisms of audiogenic seizures was proposed based in experimental data
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
Lopes, Andréia Albuquerque Cunha. "Interação dexametasona/ vitaminas antioxidantes no cérebro em desenvolvimento: análise eletrofisiológica no rato albino." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12104.
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FACEPE
Dexametasona (Dex) é um hormônio glicocorticoide sintético, empregado em recém-nascidos prematuros com doença pulmonar crônica. O tratamento com glicocorticoides pode produzir efeitos eletrofisiológicos adversos no sistema nervoso em desenvolvimento (LIN; HUANG; HSU, 2006). Postula-se que tais efeitos estejam associados ao estresse oxidativo. Neste trabalho foram avaliados, em ratos albinos já desenvolvidos (60-70 dias de idade), os efeitos do tratamento neonatal com Dex sobre o fenômeno eletrofisiológico conhecido como depressão alastrante cortical (DAC). Adicionalmente, foi investigado se a administração das vitaminas antioxidantes C e E são capazes de atenuá-los. Ratos machos Wistar (n=47) foram distribuídos em cinco grupos experimentais: [1] Ingênuo (Ing), sem tratamento; [2] Veículo (V); [3] Dexametasona (Dex); [4] Dexametasona com vitamina C e E (DexCE) e [5] Vitaminas C e E (CE). A dexametasona (dissolvida em NaCl 0,9%) foi administrada nos três primeiros dias pós-natais (DPN), na dose de 0,5mg/Kg (DPN=1), 0,3mg/Kg (DPN=2) e 0,1mg/Kg (DPN=3). As vitaminas antioxidantes C (200 mg/kg/dia) e E (100 mg/kg/dia) foram aplicadas diariamente em PND 1-6, dissolvidas respectivamente em salina e óleo. Entre 60 e 70 dias de vida a DAC foi registrada no córtex parietal e sua velocidade de propagação, amplitude e duração da variação lenta de voltagem (VLV), e amplitude do eletrocorticograma (ECoG) foram calculados. O grupo Dex apresentou maiores velocidades de propagação da DAC (Médias±DP; 4,14 mm/min ± 0,22; n = 10) em comparação aos grupos controles (Ing: 3,52 mm/min ± 0,13; n=8; V: 3,57 mm/min ± 0,18; n= 10; CE: 3,51 mm/min ± 0,24; n=10). Esse efeito foi antagonizado pela adição das vitaminas C e E (grupo DexCE; velocidades da DAC = 3,43 mm/min ± 0,12; n = 9). Os valores de amplitude e duração da VLV foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Em todos os grupos, após a passagem da DAC pelo tecido cortical, a amplitude do ECoG aumentou cerca de 50% comparado com a amplitude basal do mesmo animal, mas sem diferenças entre os grupos. Logo, o efeito da Dex de acelerar a propagação da DAC parece ser duradouro, visto que foi observado em um cérebro desenvolvido. A associação com vitaminas C e E neutralizam o efeito da Dex sobre a DAC. Entretanto, os tratamentos empregados não influenciaram a potenciação da atividade elétrica cortical espontânea associada a DAC.
Bezada, Quintana Sandra Gracia. "Efecto Estrogénico del extracto Hidroalcóholico de alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) en Ratas Albinas Ovariectomizadas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2598.
Full textObjective: Demonstrate the estrogenic properties of hydroalcoholic extract of the species Medicago sativa L (alfalfa) in albino rats ovariectomized (OVX). Methods: We used 48 Sprague Dawley female albino rats of 200 to 250 g. 8 weeks of age, of which 40 underwent surgical removal of both ovaries (OVX) by means of bilateral ovariectomy on the flank. After post-operative rats were divided into six groups and provided the hydroalcoholic extract of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) under the following work schedule: Group 1: Negative Control (OVX), vehicle, VO 2 ml / kg, Group 2: Positive Control (OVX), estradiol, SC, 3ug/kg; Group 3 (OVX) Alfalfa extract, VO, 100 mg / kg, Group 4 (OVX), Alfalfa extract, VO, 500 mg / kg, Group 5: (OVX), Alfalfa extract, VO, 1000 mg / kg, Group 6: (No OVX), Control of the surgical procedure. The treatment lasted 14 days. The outcome measures were uterine weight, body weight, estrous cycle changes by vaginal smear and hormonal profile analysis. Results: The increase in uterine weight at doses of 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg., Besides the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins in the hydroalcoholic extract of alfalfa in regular amount. In the surgical technique used anesthetic combination xylazine (2mg/kg), ketamine (40mg/kg) induced an optimal surgical plane (plane 2), without complications or postoperative death of animals. Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract of Medicago sativa L (alfalfa) causes an oestrogenic effect by increasing the uterus weight in OVX rats at doses of 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg. It also contains saponins in regular amount. The surgical technique for bilateral ovariectomy flank is a practical, reliable and less traumatic for the animals that can do research on estrogen deficiency.
Tesis
Collopy, Carolyn Emily. "Low-Income Homeownership in Portland's Albina Community: A Comparative Analysis of Housing Quality in Market-Rate and Subsidized Houses." PDXScholar, 2001. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2809.
Full textSILVA, Roberto Rômulo Ferreira da. "Avaliação da cicatrização de feridas abertas tratadas com hipoclorito de sódio 0,5%, em ratos wistar (Rattus norvegicus albinus)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5851.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) in the healing of open wounds in the skin, induced experimentally in 24 rats(Rattus norvegicus albinus), 4 months of age, male, weighing approximately 250g. Two surgically injuries were performed in the right and left lateral sides of the chest. The wound located into the right antimere was treated with 0.5% NaClO and the contralateral wound received 0.9 %. sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. To measure the wounds contraction, morphometric analysis were accomplished at the beginning of the experiment (time zero) and post-surgery at times 3, 7 and 14 days. The data were statistically analyzed by the Uniformity KS test, and the groups were compared by ANOVA and TUKEY tests. The histopathological analysis of the post-surgical injuries’ fragment showed that the wounds treated with 0.5% NaClO presented greater contraction at day 14 compared to those treated with 0.9% NaCl. In addition an expressive decrease in the neovascularization at day 14 and a greater tendency to the organization of fibrous tissue at day 21 were observed in the lesions treated with 0.5 % NaClO. However, no statistical difference (p ≤ 0.05) was observed for each time trial in both treatments. Nevertheless, it was observed that 0.5% NaClO caused greater reduction in the treated wounds and therefore this antiseptic could be suggested as an alternate treatment for open wounds in the Veterinary Medicine.
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) 0,5% na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas abertas, induzidas experimentalmente em 24 ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus), com 4 meses de idade, machos,pesando aproximadamente 250g. Foram realizadas cirurgicamente duas feridas nas faces laterais direita e esquerda do tórax, sendo que na ferida do antímero direito foi utilizado borrifamento com solução de hipoclorito de sódio 0,5% e na ferida contralateral, empregou-se solução de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) 0,9%. Realizaram-se avaliações morfométricas para avaliar a contração das feridas no início do experimento (tempo zero) e nos tempos experimentais 3, 7 e 14 dias pósoperatório (PO), sendo submetidas à análise estatística pelo teste de Homogeneidade K-S, e em seguida os grupos foram comparados através dos testes ANOVA e pós-teste de TUKEY. Fragmentos das lesões nos tempos experimentais 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias pós-operatórios foram submetidos a exames histopatológicos. A análise da evolução das feridas considerando-se cada tratamento isoladamente, demonstrou que as feridas tratadas com NaClO 0,5% apresentaram maior contração com 14 dias PO quando comparadas àquelas tratadas com NaCl 0,9%. A histopatologia demonstrou expressiva regressão da neovascularização aos 14 dias PO e maior tendência à organização do tecido fibroso aos 21 dias, nas lesões tratadas com NaClO 0,5%. Entretanto, não se observou diferença estatística significante para p ≤ 0,05 quando se comparou os dois tratamentos, a cada tempo experimental. Apesar disso, observou-se que o NaClO 0,5% provocou maior redução nas feridas tratadas e portanto sugere-se que este antisséptico possa ser utilizado como tratamento alternativo de feridas abertas em Medicina Veterinária.
Trujillo, Piso Dunia Yisela [UNESP]. "Estudos de preparações antiproteolíticas no tratamento da ceratite ulcerativa experimental em ratos (Rattus novergicus linhagem wistar, variação albinus, Linnaeus, 1758)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88974.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Estudaram-se os efeitos do sulfato de condroitina 3% (SC), da N-acetilcisteína 10% (NAC), do EDTA 1% (EDTA) e solução salina (GC), sobre a viabilidade do epitélio corneal e a concentração de metaloproteinases (MMP-2 e MMP-9), em córneas de ratos submetidos à ulceração química por NaOH 1N. Compuseram-se quatro grupos de vinte e quatro animais, que foram submetidos à queimadura química corneal com NaOH 1N. Os tratamentos foram realizados a intervalos de 6 horas e as córneas fotografadas, nos mesmos períodos, após tingimento com fluoresceína, até a reepitelização. Doze animais de cada grupo foram submetidos à eutanásia humanitaria, 20 horas após ulcerações. O mesmo procedimento foi repetido às 42 horas para os outros doze animais de cada grupo. As córneas foram processadas para quantificação de microvilosidades do epitelio corneal por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e para quantificação da MMP-2 e -9, por zimografia. O tempo médio de epitelização em horas foi de 28,00±12,82 (SC), 29,00±11,01 (NAC), 35,00±7,01 (EDTA) e de 35,00±7,01 (GC), sem diferença signficativa (p=0,46) entre os grupos. Não se observou diferença quanto ao número de MEC entre os grupos (p>0,05). Às 20 e às 42 horas, a forma latente da MMP-2 foi significativamente mais elevada nos grupos NAC e SC (p<0,001), e às 42 horas observou-se maior concentração em EDTA, relativamente ao GC (p<0,001). Às 42 horas, a concentração da MMP-2, em sua forma ativa, foi significativamente maior, no grupo SC, relativamente aos demais grupos (p<0,001). A MMP-9 só se expressou em sua forma latente, sendo sua concentração significativamente mais elevada, no grupo NAC, às 42 horas (p<0,001). Concluiu-se, que das substâncias testadas, só o sulfato de condroitina acelerou a epitelização corneal, mas nenhuma delas apresentou efeitos protetores às microvilosidades do epitélio corneal...
This study aimed evaluate the effects of topical 3% chondroitin sulfate (SC), 10% N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 1% EDTA (EDTA) and 0,9% NaCl on corneal epithelial viability and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and -9), in alkali burned rat corneas. Ninety eight healthy rats were divided into four groups and animals were submitted to corneal burn with NaOH 1N. All treatments occurred every 6 hours, and the corneas were photographed at the same time points until lesions were fluorescein negative. Twelve animals of each group were euthanized 24 and 42 hours after burn, and corneas were processed for corneal epithelial microvilli quantification (CEM) by scanning electron microscopy and MMP-2 and -9 evaluation by zimography. Images were quantified by Image J. Average corneal wound healing rate was 28,00±12,82 (SC), 29,00±11,01 (NAC), 35,00±7,01 (EDTA) and 35,00±7,01 hours in controls (GC) (p=0,46). CEM count did not change significantly among groups (p>0,05). At 20 and 42 hours, MMP-2 latent form quantity was significantly increased in NAC and SC groups (p<0.001); at 42 hours, MMP-2 latent form was significantly elevated in EDTA, in comparison to GC (p<0,001). At 42 hours, MMP-2 active form was significantly increased only in SC (p<0,001). MMP-9 was expressed only in its latent form, being significantly higher in NAC, at 42 hours (p<0,001). This study indicated that only 3% chondroitin sulfate accelerated corneal wound healing. 10% N-acetylcysteine, 1% EDTA and 3% chondroitin sulfate did not protect the corneal epithelial microvilli. In addition, none of the tested agents showed any benefit over MMPs inhibition in alkali burned
SILVA, Welma Emídio da. "Efeito da administração do metronidazol durante a prenhez, sobre desenvolvimento placentário e fetal de ratas albinas." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4683.
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Several authors have reported that metronidazole crosses the placental barrier and enters the fetal circulation and is still excreted in breast milk. Thus, not recommend the use of this drug in pregnant women and also the breastfeeding suspension for 12-24 hours after administration. However, some investigators report lack of evidence that the use of metronidazole is associated with increased risk teratogenic when administered during pregnancy is therefore unnecessary waiting for the termination of pregnancy for treatment with this drug. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effect of administration of metronidazole during pregnancy on placental and fetal development of albino rats. 30 albino rats were used, which were divided into two groups. GROUP I - pregnant rats treated with placebo and GRUPOII - pregnant rats treated with metronidazole. The metronidazole was administered daily by gavage at a dose of 130 mg / kg for 7, 14 and 21 days of gestation. The results showed that the treated group a significant reduction in the number of deployment sites, the total area of the placental disc and the constituents of the layers of the labyrinth and trofospôngio. The histochemical analysis revealed no significant changes in the content of collagen and elastic fibers and reticular. The test showed TUNEL apoptotic activity at the site of implantation and placental development 14 days regardless of treatment. We did not observe any evidence of malformation in the head, trunk and limbs of neonates. However, a significant reduction in weight and number of neonates in the group treated with metronidazole compared to control. Thus, we conclude that metronidazole in pregnant rats administered orally at a dosage of 130 mg / kg, in two thirds of early pregnancy interferes with the interaction blastocyst endometrium, in placental and fetal development, suggesting that this drug should be avoided in the early stages of pregnancy.
Vários autores relatam que o metronidazol atravessa a barreira placentária e penetra na circulação fetal, sendo ainda excretado no leite materno. Desta forma, não recomendam o uso dessa droga em mulheres gestantes e também a suspensão do aleitamento materno por 12 a 24 horas após a administração do mesmo. Entretanto alguns pesquisadores relatam faltar evidências de que o uso do metronidazol está associado com o aumento de riscos teratogênicos quando administrado durante a gestação sendo, portanto, desnecessário a espera do termino da gestação para o tratamento com essa droga. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivos analisar o efeito da administração do metronidazol durante a prenhez, sobre o desenvolvimento placentário e fetal de ratas albinas. Foram utilizadas 30 ratas albinas, que foram divididas em dois grupos. GRUPO I – ratas prenhas tratadas com placebo e GRUPOII – ratas prenhas tratadas com metronidazol. O metronidazol foi administrado por gavagem na dosagem diária de 130 mg/kg durante 7, 14 e 21 dias de gestação. Os resultados mostraram que no grupo tratado houve redução significativa do número de sítios de implantação, da área total do disco placentário e nos elementos constituintes das camadas do labirinto e trofospôngio. A análise histoquímica não revelou alterações significativas no teor de fibras colágenas, elásticas e reticulares. O teste de TUNEL mostrou atividade apoptótica nos sítios de implantação e placentas com 14 dias de desenvolvimento independente do tratamento. Não foram observados nenhum indício de malformação na cabeça, tronco e membros dos neonatos. No entanto, houve uma redução significativa no número e peso dos neonatos no grupo tratado com o metronidazol em relação ao controle. Assim, concluímos que o metronidazol administrado em ratas prenhes, por via oral, na dosagem de 130 mg/Kg, nos dois terços iniciais da gestação interfere na interação blastocisto endométrio, no desenvolvimento placentário e fetal, sugerindo que o uso desse medicamento deve ser evitado nas fases iniciais da gestação.
García, Bracamonte Renán Fernando. "Evidencia de la participación del oxido nítrico en la adaptación a la altura en ratas albinas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/711.
Full textNO participate in an ample rate of biological processes, among them presumes the adaptation to the environmental hypoxia. By such reason the plasma levels of nitrates were determined in a total of 270 rats male, divided in two tests: half put under hypoxia to the height of 3.320 mts. confronted to a group control at level of the sea). The determination of nitric oxide (NO) was indirect by means of the cuantification nitrates (NO2) and nitrites (NO3), by the reaction of Griess, (1879). All the animals were tested in groups of 15, on the days 1, 2, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 y 42 respectively. The greater concentration of NO in the group submissive environmental hypoxia was in day 2 of sampling (α = 0.05). The NO levels in the hypoxia environmental group presented significant differences with the group control (p – value = 0,001) being increased with respect to the group control (α = 0.05). These results propose that environmental hypoxia produces an increase of the synthesis of nitric oxide, consequence of adaptive processes to the height, corroborating the results of other works and investigations.
Tesis
Medrano, Gallardo Giuliana. "Evaluación de la potencia de una vacuna contra Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis en ratones albinos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1556.
Full textTesis
Erazo, Azurín Andy Richard. "Efecto diurético de los extractos etanólico y acuoso de Ilex guayusa loes (guayusa) en ratas albinas hembras." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11729.
Full textTesis
Cáceres, Gutiérrez Lita Amanda. "Alteraciones en el crecimiento y desarrollo óseo en ratas albinas sometidas a dieta deficiente en proteínas y diferentes concentraciones de hierro." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2945.
Full textThe researches main objective, was to determine the effect that proteins and iron have when included in the diet involving the development of corporal craniofacial skeleton, mandibular, and femur of the albino rats. The rats received the following alimentary regimens: A1 (protein 10grms, iron 29 mg, ) A2 (protein 10grams, iron 46 mg), B1 (proteins 5grams, iron 46 mg). The sample was formed by 28 Holzman albino rats, of 21 days old, 4 experimental groups were formed. The alimentation was “ad libitun” and the consumption of the diet was recorded as well as the corporal weight gained. Records were kept during all experiments. The animals were sacrificed 46 days after the start of research, then the next step was to resects the cranium facial, mandibular, and the femur of the right leg. After cleaning all the soft tissues of the bone: They proceed to measure the following: a. craniofacial skeleton: anterior-posterior length , transversal length and height. b. mandibular: length of the body and ramus , thickness of the body. c. Femur: length and thickness. Histological preparations were done of the mandibular, femur, along with calcium removal from bone tissue. The sample was then colored with hematoxilin –eosin (HE), Peryodic acid of Schiff (PAS) and ferrocianurum pf potassium (Perls). The presence of osteoblastos, osteocyts and osteoclast was observed in the bone tissue and studied. The results revealed the effects of the different diets on the growing and development of the rats. Results are as follows: The corporal weight of the rats is in direct relation with the concentration of the proteins consumed on the diet. The growing of the craniofacial skeleton of the group of rats that consumed proteins 5 grams and iron 29mg on the diet was less developed. The length of the body, ramus and thickness of the mandibular less developed in the groups that consumer, protein 5 grams and iron 29 mg in the diet. The length and weight of the femur of the rats that consumed protein 5grams and iron 29 grams was significantly smaller in the group B1 in relation with the group A1 (protein 10g an iron 29mg). The number of osteoblastos, osteocyts and osteoclast during the period of growth and development of the mandibular and femur of the rats that consumed proteins 5grams en iron 29 mg is minor in relation to the group A1 (protein 10 grams and iron 29 mg). The quantity of hemosiderin present in the bone marrow of the mandibular and femur of the group (A) that consumed protein 10grams is moderated and the group of rats (B) that consumed 5grams, the grain of hemosiderin are scanty.
Tesis
Sicchar, Rondinelli Alvaro Carlos, and Portugal Francis Josimar García. "Efecto gastroprotector del extracto acuoso de Oenothera rosea L’Hér (chupa sangre) en inducción de úlcera gástrica en ratas albinas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9425.
Full textRealiza el análisis cualitativo y evalúa el efecto gastroprotector del extracto acuoso de la parte aérea de Oenothera rosea L‟Hér “Chupa sangre”. Se realizó el análisis cualitativo empleando los reactivos de caracterización según Lock de Ugaz y la solución acuosa reconstituida del extracto acuoso seco de la parte aérea de Oenothera rosea L‟Hér “Chupa sangre”. Para evaluar el efecto gastroprotector se emplearon 48 ratas Holtzman que fueron divididas en 6 grupos. Las lesiones fueron inducidas administrando etanol 96°; las dosis de extracto fueron 250 mg/Kg, 500 mg/Kg y 1000 mg/Kg, las cuales fueron comparadas con la dosis de omeprazol de 20 mg/Kg. La solución acuosa reconstituida del extracto acuoso seco de la parte aérea Oenothera rosea L‟Hér “Chupa Sangre” indicó la presencia de compuestos fenólicos como los flavonoides, taninos, quinonas y también azúcares, triterpenoides y esteroides. Se comprobó la eficacia gastroprotectora de la solución acuosa en un modelo de inducción de lesiones y úlceras gástricas por etanol 96° en ratas Holtzman. Según el sistema de Sydney, los resultados se obtuvieron a una escala macroscópica y a una escala microscópica. En ambas escalas se midió la gravedad de la lesión según los grados de severidad y según la región de profundidad de las lesiones o criterios de evaluación. Los ensayos farmacológicos demostraron que los extractos acuosos en las distintas dosis de administración (250 mg; 500 mg y 1000 mg) y en la dosis de omeprazol (20 mg) exhibieron un significativo efecto gastroprotector (p<0,05) respecto al grupo control. Se determinó la no correlación del diagnóstico macroscópico y microscópico para determinar la dosis efectiva. Conclusión: El extracto acuoso de Oenothera rosea L‟ Hér “Chupa sangre” presenta efecto gastroprotector en inducción de lesiones gástrica en ratas Holtzman.
Tesis
Castillo, Vilca Gino. "Estudio comparativo de los tratamientos antihelmínticos de neurocisticercosis en ratas albinas Holtzman tratadas con albendazol-praziquantel y oxfendazol-praziquantel." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9499.
Full textSe comparan los tratamientos antihelmínticos de albendazolpraziquantel y oxfendazol-praziquantel en ratas albinas holtzman infestadas experimentalmente como modelo de neurocisticercosis humana. Para ello, se administraron combinaciones de albendazol-praziquantel, así como, oxfendazolpraziquantel en ratas con neurocisticercosis que mediante cortes histológicos del cerebro de rata se determinó el nivel de daño del quiste y los cambios histopatológicos asociados. Se observó que el tratamiento con albendazolpraziquantel obtuvo un 32% de quistes dañados, mientras el oxfendazolpraziquantel presentó 48%, con un ratio de medias de daño del quiste de 7.03 y 9.21 respectivamente. El infiltrado inflamatorio presentó abundantes macrófagos activados, pocos plasmocitos, además de escasos granulocitos y linfocitos T. Otro cambio histopatológico encontrado fue el cambio espongiótico, caracterizado como pérdida de neuropilo en forma de vacuolas de diferente tamaño. El estudio sugiere que el oxfendazol resulta más eficaz que el albendazol para obtener quistes dañados, los cuales presentaron mayor inflamación y cambio espongiótico del parénquima cerebral que quistes no dañados.
Tesis
Ramírez, Cruz Francisco Javier María, and Cruz Francisco Javier María Ramírez. "Efecto gastroprotector, diurético y sobre la motilidad intestinal del extracto etanólico de Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze "Canchalagua" en ratas albinas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/240.
Full textIt tested the effects of ethanol extract of Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze "canchalagua" in doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg orally on urine output, intestinal motility, and gastroprotective effect in mice and albino rats. To study the gastroprotective effect worked on the method of induction of ulcers using ethanol at 96 ° in the following groups: negative control saline (2ml/kg) Positive Control: omeprazole (20mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). To evaluate the diuretic effect worked: Negative control group saline (2ml/kg) Positive Control: Furosemide (10mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). To assess the effect on intestinal motility model was used activated carbon into the following groups: saline negative control (0.1ml/10g) Positive Control: loperamide (3mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). The results show a gastroprotective effect on intestinal motility and the extract at doses of 100mg /kg (p is less than 0.05) and a diuretic effect at doses of 200mg/kg (p is less than 0.05). In conclusion it is demonstrated that the ethanol extract of Schkuhria pinnata L has gastroprotective effect, diuretic and intestinal motility in experimental models worked. Key Words: Schkuhria pinnata, gastric ulcer, diuretic, intestinal motility, rats.
Tesis
OLIVEIRA, Manuella Batista de. "Condições de lactação, exercício físico e envelhecimento na prole do rato albino: suas repercussões sobre parâmetros eletrofisiológicos cerebrais e comportamentais." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9064.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Numerosas evidências têm descrito a influência do exercício físico e do estado nutricional sobre aspectos estruturais e funcionais do sistema nervoso durante o envelhecimento. Este trabalho investigou no rato albino como o exercício físico, as condições de lactação e a senescência modulam aspectos eletrofisiológicos e comportamentais do funcionamento cerebral. Ratos machos albinos Wistar foram amamentados em ninhadas com 12 (L12) ou 6 (L6) lactentes, constituindo dois grupos com condições diferentes de lactação. Esses grupos foram divididos em sedentários e exercitados em fases diferentes da vida (jovens, adultos e idosos). A propagação do fenômeno da depressão alastrante cortical (DAC) foi registrada em dois pontos da superfície do cérebro, em diferentes fases da vida, ou seja, no período pós-desmame (45-60 dias de vida nos grupos exercitados na lactação), na fase adulta (120-130 dias) e na senescência (600 a 700 dias). A condição desfavorável de lactação (L12) aumentou, e os fatores envelhecimento e exercício físico diminuíram a velocidade de propagação da DAC, com interação entre os fatores apenas nos grupos idosos. Nestes, o período no qual o exercício físico foi realizado influenciou significativamente a DAC. O estilo de vida sedentário prejudicou a memória espacial de ratos idosos e adultos independentemente das condições de lactação e o exercício reduziu estes efeitos em animais idosos de ninhadas pequenas, mas não daqueles criados em ninhadas grandes. Por outro lado, apenas animais idosos sedentários de ninhadas grandes e pequenas apresentaram memória de reconhecimento de objetos prejudicada e o exercício reduziu este efeito, independente das condições de lactação. Os resultados auxiliam na compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes à influência do exercício físico e do envelhecimento sobre funções cerebrais, associados ou não a distintas condições de lactação, durante o desenvolvimento do cérebro
Oliveira, Manuella Batista. "Condições de Lactação, Exercício Físico e Envelhecimento na Prole do Rato Albino: Suas Repercussões Sobre Parâmetros Eletrofisiológicos Cerebrais e Comportamentais." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12033.
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FACEPE CAPES
Numerosas evidências têm descrito a influência do exercício físico e do estado nutricional sobre aspectos estruturais e funcionais do sistema nervoso durante o envelhecimento. Este trabalho investigou no rato albino como o exercício físico, as condições de lactação e a senescência modulam aspectos eletrofisiológicos e comportamentais do funcionamento cerebral. Ratos machos albinos Wistar foram amamentados em ninhadas com 12 (L12) ou 6 (L6) lactentes, constituindo dois grupos com condições diferentes de lactação. Esses grupos foram divididos em sedentários e exercitados em fases diferentes da vida (jovens, adultos e idosos). A propagação do fenômeno da “depressão alastrante cortical” (DAC) foi registrada em dois pontos da superfície do cérebro, em diferentes fases da vida, ou seja, no período pós-desmame (45-60 dias de vida nos grupos exercitados na lactação), na fase adulta (120-130 dias) e na senescência (600 a 700 dias). A condição desfavorável de lactação (L12) aumentou, e os fatores envelhecimento e exercício físico diminuíram a velocidade de propagação da DAC, com interação entre os fatores apenas nos grupos idosos. Nestes, o período no qual o exercício físico foi realizado influenciou significativamente a DAC. O estilo de vida sedentário prejudicou a memória espacial de ratos idosos e adultos independentemente das condições de lactação e o exercício reduziu estes efeitos em animais idosos de ninhadas pequenas, mas não daqueles criados em ninhadas grandes. Por outro lado, apenas animais idosos sedentários de ninhadas grandes e pequenas apresentaram memória de reconhecimento de objetos prejudicada e o exercício reduziu este efeito, independente das condições de lactação. Os resultados auxiliam na compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes à influência do exercício físico e do envelhecimento sobre funções cerebrais, associados ou não a distintas condições de lactação, durante o desenvolvimento do cérebro.
Ramírez, Cruz Francisco Javier María. "Efecto gastroprotector, diurético y sobre la motilidad intestinal del extracto etanólico de Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze "Canchalagua" en ratas albinas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/240.
Full textIt tested the effects of ethanol extract of Schkuhria pinnata (Lamarck) Kuntze "canchalagua" in doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg orally on urine output, intestinal motility, and gastroprotective effect in mice and albino rats. To study the gastroprotective effect worked on the method of induction of ulcers using ethanol at 96 ° in the following groups: negative control saline (2ml/kg) Positive Control: omeprazole (20mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). To evaluate the diuretic effect worked: Negative control group saline (2ml/kg) Positive Control: Furosemide (10mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). To assess the effect on intestinal motility model was used activated carbon into the following groups: saline negative control (0.1ml/10g) Positive Control: loperamide (3mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (200mg/kg). Schkuhria pinnata (100mg/kg). The results show a gastroprotective effect on intestinal motility and the extract at doses of 100mg /kg (p is less than 0.05) and a diuretic effect at doses of 200mg/kg (p is less than 0.05). In conclusion it is demonstrated that the ethanol extract of Schkuhria pinnata L has gastroprotective effect, diuretic and intestinal motility in experimental models worked. Key Words: Schkuhria pinnata, gastric ulcer, diuretic, intestinal motility, rats.
Tesis
Pinheiro, Patricia Fernanda Felipe. "Histologia, imunohistoquimica e ultra-estrutura do epitelio da uretra pelvica e peniana nas linhagens de ratos albinos UChA e UChB, bebedoras voluntarias de etanol." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317535.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O uso excessivo de etanol causa alterações significativas no aparelho stema urogenital, porém trabalhos relacionando o consumo crônico dessa substância à morfologia uretral são inéditos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a histologia, a histoquímica, a imunohistoquímica e a ultra-estrutura do epitélio uretral de ratos albinos UChA e UChB de consumo voluntário de etanol a 10%. Foram utilizados 74 ratos machos adultos dos seguintes grupos: (1) UChA de baixo consumo voluntário de etanol a 10% (água + etanol = 5,86g/Kg/dia), (2) UChB de alto consumo voluntário de etanol a 10% (água + etanol = 7,16g/Kg/dia) e (3) Wistar de consumo voluntário de água. Técnicas convencionais de microscopia de luz, de eletrônica de transmissão e morfométricas foram utilizadas. O epitélio da uretra pélvica apresentou três tipos celulares: I, II e neuroendócrino (NE). O tipo I apresentou matriz citoplasmática rica em polirribossomos livres e retículo endoplasmático rugoso. O tipo II com características similares às descritas para o tipo I, acrescido de complexo de Golgi e ápice celular com microvilos. As células I e II apresentaram gotas de lipídio próximas ao núcleo. As células NE apresentaram-se argirófilas e positivas para serotonina. A uretra peniana apresentou quatro tipos celulares: basal, intermediário, superficial e neuroendócrino. Núcleo e matriz citoplasmática elétrondensos e presença de filamentos citoplasmáticos intermediários caracterizaram a célula basal. A intermediária apresentou matriz citoplasmática clara, complexo de Golgi e retículo endoplasmático rugoso lamelar. A célula superficial apresentou gotas de lipídio e ápice celular com microvilos curtos. Nas amostras observadas da uretra peniana, não houve marcação positiva na imunohistoquímica com prata e serotonina. Ultra-estruturalmente, a célula NE apresentou matriz citoplasmática rica em grânulos. Na lamina própria do epitélio uretral pélvico e peniano, observou-se fibras nervosas mielínicas e amielínicas. Conclui-se que o consumo crônico de etanol induz alterações morfológicas e fisiológicas no epitélio da uretra de ratos UCh, as células NE uretrais dos ratos controle e UCh são similares, quanto a imunohistoquímica e a ultra-estrutura, aos outros tipos celulares do sistema APUD, a associação estrutural existente entre o epitélio uretral e as fibras nervosas aferentes influencia as células NE e os outros tipos celulares do epitélio uretral através de ação parácrina e os ratos UCh apresentam adaptações à ingestão crônica de etanol
Abstract: The extreme use of ethanol causes significant alterations in the urogenital tract, however papers relating the ethanol chronic consumption to the urethral morphology are unknown. The objective of the present paper was to describe the histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of the urethral epithelium in an ethanol-drinking rat strain (UChA and UChB). Seventy-four adult male rats of the following groups were used: (1) UChA rats of low voluntary consumption of ethanol 10% (water + ethanol = 5.86g/Kg/day), (2) UChB rats of high voluntary consumption of ethanol 10% (water + ethanol = 7.16g/Kg/day) and (3) Wistar of voluntary water consumption. Conventional techniques of light, transmission electron microscopy and morphometrics were utilized. The pelvic urethral epithelium presented three cellular types: I, II and neuroendocrine (NE). The type I presented rich cytoplasmic matrix in free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The type II with similar characteristics to the described to the type I, increased of Golgi complex and cellular apex with microvilli. The I and II cells presented lipid drops near to the nucleus. The NE cells presented argyrophil and serotoninpositive. The penile urethra presented four cellular types: basal, intermediate, superficial and NE. The basal cell was characterized by nucleus and cytoplasmic matrix electron dense and presence of intermediate cytoplasmic filaments. The intermediate cell presented clear cytoplasmic matrix, Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum in concentric whorls. The superficial cell presented lipid drops and cellular apex with short microvilli. In the samples observed of the penile urethra, there isn¿t positive reaction for histochemistry with silver or for immunohistochemistry with serotonin. Ultrastructurally, NE presented rich cytoplasmic matrix in granules. The propria lamina of the pelvic and penile epithelium, it observed myelinated and nonmyelinated nerve fibers. It concludes that the ethanol chronic consumption induces morphological and physiological alterations in the UCh rats urethral epithelium; the immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of the control rat urethral NE cells and UChA and UChB groups are similar to the other APUD system cellular types; the structural association between the urethral epithelium and afferent nervous fibers influences the NE cells and the other urethral epithelium cells types through paracrine action and the UCh rats presented adaptations to the ethanol chronic ingestion
Doutorado
Anatomia
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Traver, López Estefanía. "Mecanismos implicados en la alteración de la actividad mastocitaria y la respuesta motora en un modelo de exposición oral a ovo-albúmina (OVA) en rata Sprague Dawley (SD)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3824.
Full textEl objetivo de esta tesis doctoral ha sido contribuir a caracterizar el modelo de exposición oral a OVA en rata SD; determinar el tipo de respuesta inmune inducida por el antígeno, evaluar la actividad mastocitaria y su implicación en la dismotilidad inducida por OVA y valorar la participacion del factor de crecimiento nervioso (NGF) en el proceso.
La exposición oral a OVA, a diferencia de otras proteínas como la gelatina, produjo un aumento en la actividad mastocitaria en el intestino delgado y el colon, como reflejan el aumento del número de IMMC y el incremento de la concentración intestinal de RMCPII. Sin embargo, parámetros como la concentración de IgE o IgG específicas anti-OVA, IL4 o la presencia de eosinófilos y celulas IgE+ en tejido intestinal no se vieron afectados por la exposición a OVA. Estos resultados, junto con el aumento de liberación de histamina tras la estimulación directa de mastocitos con OVA in Vitro, sugirieron que el efecto de esta proteína podría deberse a una interacción directa, no mediada por anticuerpos, entre OVA y el mastocito. La exposición oral a OVA también produjo un incremento en parámetros relacionados con la respuesta motora principalmente en colon, así como en la expresión de NGF en tejido intestinal. Finalmente, el tratamiento con ketotifeno disminuyó significativamente el aumento inducido por OVA sobre la actividad mastocitaria y la respuesta motora y la expresión de NGF. Además se observó una correlación entre el efecto de OVA sobre la actividad mastocitaria y la respuesta motora especialmente en colon, que contribuye a proponer la hipótesis de que los mastocitos están implicados en la alteración de la motilidad intestinal.
La exposición de ratas SD a OVA por vía oral induce una alteración de la motilidad intestinal que no es mediada por una reacción de naturaleza alérgica. A la disfunción motora provocada por la OVA contribuyen sin embargo los mastocitos, probablemente mediante la interacción directa entre esta población celular y la proteína que puede generar, entre otros mediadores, la liberación de NGF. Este mecanismo no alérgico que implica a los mastocitos puede ser relevante en ciertos tipos de pacientes con IBS, cuyo abordaje terapéutico quizás requiera de un replanteamiento. Este trabajo ha apuntado el camino para una caracterización más profunda del modelo con el objetivo de identificar nuevas dianas terapéuticas.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is an alteration of the gastrointestinal function characterised by dismotility and visceral hypersensitivity. In most patients with this syndrome the number of intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) and its activity are increased. This could play a central role in any physiological, sensory and motor IBS because activation of this cell population would result in the release of mediators that could affect the excitability of enteric neurons and primary afferents, as well as the intestinal smooth muscle contractility. However, this syndrome presents a difficult diagnosis and ineffective treatment because the factors that cause it are still unclear. Recently undiagnosed allergic processes to dietary components have been proposed as a possible trigger of IBS. However is required to have in vivo models to study the mechanisms involved and identify new therapeutic targets. The rat experimental model induced in Sprague Dawley (SD) which is exposed to ovo-albumin (OVA) orally play some of the findings in patients with IBS: increased mast cell activity and altered motility.
The aim of this PhD was to characterize the model of oral exposure to OVA in SD rat; determine the type of immune response induced, the mast cell activity and assess their involvement in the OVA-induced dysmotility and evaluate the participation of Nerve growth factor (NGF) in the process.
Oral exposure to OVA, unlike other proteins such as gelatin, induced an increase in mast cell activity in the small intestine and colon, as reflected in the increased number of IMMC and intestinal RMCPII concentration. However, parameters such as concentration of specific IgE or IgG anti-OVA, IL4 or the presence of eosinophils and IgE + cells in intestinal tissue were not affected by exposure to OVA. These findings, coupled with increased histamine release after direct stimulation of mast cells with OVA in vitro, suggested that the effect of this protein could be due to direct interaction between OVA and the mast cell. Oral exposure to OVA also produced an increase in parameters related to motor response mainly in the colon, as well as in the expression of NGF in intestinal tissue. Finally, treatment with ketotifen significantly reduced the OVA-induced increase of mast cell activity and motor response and the expression of NGF. We observed a correlation between the effect of OVA on mast cell activity and motor response especially in the colon, which contributes to hypothesize that mast cells are involved in altering intestinal motility.
Oral exposure to OVA in SD rats induces a disturbance in motor response that is not mediated by an allergic reaction. However, mast cells have a key role in the disturbance of intestinal motility, probably through direct interaction between this cell population and the protein, which can generate, among other mediators, the release of NGF. This nonallergic mechanism involving mast cells may be relevant in certain types of patients with IBS, whose therapeutic approach may require a restatement. This work has pointed the way for a deeper characterization of the model with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets.
LEMOS, Ana Janaina Jeanine Martins de. "Administração associativa do cloridrato de metformina e melatonina na reversão da policistose ovariana e os efeitos sobre o fígado e reprodução em ratas albinas." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5586.
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The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age extremely common and heterogeneous clinical features. In cases of patients with ovarian polycystic wishing to treat infertility, metformin hydrochloride is the drug most widely used and considered safer compared to the other treatments. When diagnosing the syndrome, it has been observed that women have a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, steatosis, fibrosis, abnormal liverenzyme factors and increased indicators of oxidative stress in plasma, raising concern among doctors about the disease in the liver. Furthermore, recent studies have linked oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diseases which cause infertility, for this reason, research has suggested the use of antioxidants such as melatonin, due to liver protecting effect in the pharmacological treatment or supplementation to combat these types of disease. However, there are no reports in the literature about association of metformin hydrochloride and melatonin for the treatment of PCOS. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of combination therapy of these drugs in rats induced to PCOS on to reproductive and liver. Thus, we used 75 albino rats were divided randomly into five groups of 15 animals. All rats except those in group I were subjected to induction of PCOS by constant illumination, and the rats of groups III, IV and V received treatment with the drug melatonin, metformin hydrochloride and the drug combination, respectively. After confirmation of PCOS and treatments, we analyzed the effects of plasma biochemical and hormonal treatments, and rats were mated and monitored during pregnancy for analysis of implantation sites, ovarian, weight gain, reproductive viability and levels of oxidative stress. At the end of the experiment was conducted histopathology, and immunohistochemistry staining of liver of rats and analysis of the puppies. Pharmacological treatments decreased the time allowed copulation, increased plasma levels of progesterone, the number and weight of pups and reduced plasma levels of estrogen and endometrial content of collagen fibers. In the liver, treatment with metformin hydrochloride, melatonin and more significantly the association of these drugs reduced plasma levels of the liver enzyme alanine trasaminase, nitric oxide and total glutathione, leading to results similar to the control group, were also observed similarities between those of control rats and rats that received a combination of drugs for the content of hepatic polysaccharide, and of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, we conclude that the association of metformin with melatonin provides the best results compared to the other treatments, in order to regulate hormonal and histochemical the reproductive system and increase the chance of conception resembling the control group, and the liver, the combination of drugs works more effectively against liver toxicity produced by PCOS, favoring normalization of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress during pregnancy, compared to therapies only these drugs.
A síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP) é um distúrbio endócrino feminino extremamente comum na idade reprodutiva e apresenta quadro clínico bastante heterogêneo, entre eles os cistos foliculares ovarianos aumentados, hiperandrogenismo, infertilidade resistência à insulina, e dislipidemia. Em casos de pacientes com policistose ovariana que desejam tratar a infertilidade, o cloridrato de metformina é a droga mais utilizada e considerada mais segura em comparação com os demais tratamentos. Ao diagnosticar a síndrome, tem-se observado que mulheres apresentam grande prevalência a doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica, esteatose, fibrose, alterações hepático-enzimáticas e aumento do estresse oxidativo plasmático, elevando a preocupação dos médicos quanto às patologias hepáticas. Além disso, recentes estudos têm relacionado o estresse oxidativo na patogênese de doenças que causam a infertilidade, por esta razão, pesquisas tem sugerido a utilização de antioxidantes como a melatonina como suplemento a outras drogas. No entanto, não há relatos na literatura sobre a associação do cloridrato de metformina e melatonina para o tratamento da policistose ovariana. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da combinação terapêutica desses fármacos em ratas induzidas à SOP sobre os aspectos reprodutivos e hepáticos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 75 ratas albinas, divididas aleatoriamente em cinco grupos de 15 animais. Todas as ratas, exceto as do grupo I, foram submetidas à indução da SOP pela iluminação constante, e as ratas dos grupos III, IV e V receberam tratamentos com os fármacos melatonina, cloridrato de metformina e a associação destes, respectivamente. Após a confirmação da SOP e tratamentos, foram analisados os efeitos plasmáticos bioquímicos e hormonais dos tratamentos, e as ratas foram acasaladas para análise dos sítios de implantação e acompanhamento gestacional dos níveis de estresse oxidativo. Ao final do experimento foi analisada a histopatologia e imunohistoquímica do fígado das ratas. Os tratamentos farmacológicos diminuíram o número de dias para confirmação do acasalamento, aumentaram os níveis séricos de progesterona, bem como o número e o peso dos filhotes. Reduziram os níveis plasmáticos de estrógeno e teor de fibras colágenas. No fígado, os tratamentos com cloridrato de metformina, melatonina, e mais significativamente a associação destes fármacos, reduziram os níveis plasmáticos da enzima hepática alanina transaminase, do óxido nítrico e da glutationa total, levando a resultados semelhantes aos animais do grupo controle, mais uma vez, as ratas que receberam associação dos fármacos quanto assemelhou-se ao grupo controle quanto ao conteúdo hepático de polissacarídeos, e aos de citocinas próinflamatórias. Desta forma, pôde-se concluir que a associação do cloridrato de metformina com melatonina proporciona os melhores resultados em comparação aos demais tratamentos, de forma a regular hormonal e histoquimicamente o sistema reprodutor e aumentar as chances de concepção de forma semelhante ao grupo controle. No fígado a associação dos fármacos atuou de forma mais eficaz contra a toxicidade hepática produzida pela SOP experimental, favorecendo uma normalização dos parâmetros bioquímicos e estresse oxidativo durante a gestação, quando comparada às monoterapias destas drogas.
Solgorré, Contreras Enrique Juan. "Efecto del extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas y flores de Otholobium pubescens en la hiperglicemia experimental en Rattus norvergicus var. Albinus." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2574.
Full textThe objective of the present research was to determine the antihyperglicemic activity of oral administration of leaves and flowers hydroalcoholic extract of Otholobium pubescens (Poiret) Grimes, in the Alloxan-induced diabetes rat. it determined that the administration of 500 mg/kg p.c, during 33 days of treatment, significantly lowered the levels of glucose from 390 to 223 mg/dl.
Tesis
Toledo, Sérgio de 1942. "Influencia de alterações funcionais da glandula tiroide e da irritação marginal dos tecidos periodontais : estudo radiografico e histologico em ratos (rattus norvegicus albinus)." [s.n.], 1985. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290842.
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Resumo: Não informado
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Tese (livre-docencia) - Univer
Periodontia
Livre-Docente em Clinica Odontologica
Ríos, León Karla Giovanna. "Evaluación del potencial citotóxico de los alcaloides de siete especies nativas del Perú, y su estudio de toxicidad y actividad antitumoral en cáncer de colon inducido en ratas albinas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3551.
Full text--- The purpose of the present study was found alcaloidic with cytotoxic property on the induced colon cancer; for this intention, the presence of alkaloids was evaluated in seven native species of Peru, due to its anti-inflammatory, which were collected in the regions: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Ancash and Lima. The vegetable species that contain alkaloids were surrendered to the cytotoxicity assay in system Tetrapygus Niger’s fertile eggs (sea urchin). The results showed that Melocactus bellavistensis (globular cactus) presented cytotoxic important properties. The Melocactus bellavistensis’s alkaloid (globular cactus) was extracted by chloroform, and was used for the study of antitumor activity and toxicity .The investigation also understood the hematologic, histopathologic and biochemical study. The results were analyzed by means of the analysis of variance there being applied the test of Duncan's multiple comparisons. The study of antitumor activity and toxicity in colon cancer induced for dimethylhydrazine in rates, managing to improve notably the cellular hurt during the development of the cancer. Key words: Melocactus bellavistensis, alkaloid, cytotoxic, dimethylhydrazine, colon cancer, toxicity, antitumor activity.
Tesis
ESTEVÃO, Lígia Reis de Moura. "Aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos de retalhos cutâneos em ratos (Rattus norvergicus albinus) tratados com óleo de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5729.
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The failure of skin flaps due to total or partial necrosis is not an isolated fact. Several research using pharmacological and non-pharmacological resources have been made to increase viability. The copaiba oil has been used in several experimental models such as healing of wounds. However, we did not find reports on the use of this oil on the viability of skin flaps. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and morphometric aspects of skin flaps in rats treated with copaiba oil (Copaifera langsdorffii). Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: absolute control (GCA), control (CG) and treated (GT). Mice in all groups were submitted to the dorsal skin flap surgery and evaluated for eight days postoperatively. The animals of the GCA did not receive postoperative treatment, while the animals in the control group received topical treatment with ointment containing only the vehicle (vaseline and glycerin) and the animals of the GT group were treated with copaiba oil ointment 10% using vaseline and glycerine as a carrier. On the eighth day after the operation the animals were ortonasiados and were collected fragments of the cranial portions, and average flow of the skin flap for histopathological analysis. Analyses of variance were significant (p <0.05) for necrotic area (GCA> GC and GT), number of blood vessels in the Middle and flow (GT> GCA and GC), number of leukocytes in the cranial parts (GT> GC and GCA), medium (GT and GC> GCA) and the caudal (GT> GC> GCA), number of fibroblasts in the middle parts (GT and GC> GCA) and flow (GT> GC and GCA). There was no significant difference between the groups in blood vessel count and fibroblasts in the cranial and collagen fibers in all parts (p> 0.05). Based on these results it is concluded that the copaiba oil tested was effective in enabling the skin flap random in rats, favoring the process of tissue repair
O insucesso de retalhos cutâneos devido à necrose total ou parcial não é um fato isolado. Várias pesquisas que utilizaram recursos farmacológicos e não farmacológicos foram realizadas para aumentar a viabilidade destes. O óleo de copaíba tem sido utilizado em vários modelos experimentais como cicatrizante de feridas. No entanto, não foram encontrados relatos sobre a utilização deste óleo na viabilidade de retalhos cutâneos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos de retalhos cutâneos em ratos tratados com óleo de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii). Trinta ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em três grupos: controle absoluto (GCA), controle (GC) e tratado (GT). Os ratos de todos os grupos foram submetidos à cirurgia de retalho cutâneo dorsal e avaliados por oito dias de pós-operatório. Os animais do GCA não receberam tratamento pós-operatório, enquanto os animais do grupo GC receberam tratamento tópico com pomada contendo apenas o veículo (vaselina e glicerina) e os animais do grupo GT foram tratados com óleo de copaíba em pomada a 10%, utilizando vaselina e glicerina como veículo. No oitavo dia de pós-operatório os animais foram ortonasiados e foram coletados fragmentos das porções cranial, média e caudal do retalho cutâneo para análise histopatológica. As análises de variância mostraram-se significativas (p<0,05) para área de necrose (GCA > GC e GT), número de vasos sanguíneos nas partes média e caudal (GT > GCA e GC), número de leucócitos nas partes cranial (GT > GC e GCA), média (GT e GC > GCA) e parte caudal (GT > GC > GCA), número de fibroblastos nas partes média (GT e GC > GCA) e caudal (GT > GC e GCA). Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos na contagem de vasos sanguíneos e fibroblastos na parte cranial e para fibras colágenas em todas as partes (p>0,05). Baseado nestes resultados conclui-se que o óleo de copaíba testado foi eficiente na viabilização do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos, favorecendo o processo de reparação tecidual.
Julca, Rupay Marlene Rosario. "Efecto del aceite de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) sobre el perfil lipídico sérico, tejido hepático y vascular en ratas albinas alimentadas con dietas altas en grasa saturada." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14080.
Full textDetermina el efecto del aceite de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) sobre el perfil lipídico sérico, tejido hepático y vascular en ratas albinas alimentadas con dietas altas en grasa saturada. Estudio de diseño prospectivo, analítico, experimental y longitudinal. Se distribuyó 48 ratas albinas macho, raza Holtzman, de 21 días de edad, al azar, en seis grupos y se les dio dietas isocalóricas (54% carbohidratos, 13% proteínas,33% grasa),“ad libitum”, con composiciones de grasa distintas: grupo “Control” (n=5),100% de aceite de cocina; grupo “A” (n=8), 100% de aceite de sacha inchi extra virgen; grupo “B”(n=8),100% de manteca de palma; grupo “C” (n=8), 95% de manteca de palma y 5% de aceite de sacha inchi; grupo “D” (n=8), 50% de manteca de palma y 50% de aceite de sacha inchi ; grupo “E” (n=8), 5% de manteca de palma y 95% de aceite de sacha inchi. Además, el grupo “Basal” (n=3), al cual no se le dio alimento y que, por el contrario, fue eutanasiado para determinar en él las condiciones iniciales del proceso. Después de 30 días, los animales de los seis grupos fueron igualmente eutanasiados y se recolectaron muestras sanguíneas, histológicas hepáticas y vasculares aórticas, así como datos de peso corporal, hígado, corazón e ingesta. Los seis grupos que fueron alimentados presentaron pesos corporales, viscerales y de ingesta aproximados entre sí, con tendencia al mantenimiento y disminución. Las variables del perfil lipídico no han presentado diferencias estadísticamente significativas al compararse entre grupos (p>0,05). Sin embargo, los valores de Colesterol total (grupo B: 93,5 ± 28,6; grupo C: 86,65 ± 20,2; grupo D: 80,3 ± 16,6; grupo E: 74,2 ± 22,0; grupo A: 68,6 ± 21,5) y de lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL-col) (grupo B: 55,2 ± 10,6; grupo C: 50,2 ± 10,5; grupo D: 45,03 ± 10,2; grupo Control: 43,1 ± 8,5; grupo A: 40,8 ± 6,7; grupo E: 39,2 ± 8,3) han disminuido conforme mayor ha sido la proporción de aceite de sacha inchi en la dieta; sin afectarse notablemente el índice CT/HDL-c. En contraste, los valores correspondientes al grupo Basal han sido generalmente mayores a los demás (CT, LDL-col, VLDL-col, TG). La evaluación del tejido hepático mostró degeneración grasa que se incrementaba en casos y en cuanto al compromiso hepático derivado, de manera concomitante a la disminución en la proporción de aceite de sacha inchi en la dieta: los grupos B y C mostraron degeneración difusa y distorsión en la citoarquitectura del hepatocito en más de la mitad de sus integrantes; los grupos D y Control tuvieron degeneración de menor compromiso estructural; los grupos A y E, predominio de tejido sin cambio graso. En cambio, en el tejido vascular aórtico no se apreció acumulación lipídica en las muestras evaluadas. El aceite de sacha inchi ha tenido un efecto hipocolesterolemiante no significativo y discutible en cuanto a su capacidad protectora frente a la enfermedad cardiovascular; así como, un efecto antiesteatótico en el tejido hepático y cambios mínimos no atribuibles a acumulación de lípidos en las muestras evaluadas de tejido vascular aórtico, en ratas albinas alimentadas con dietas altas en grasa saturada durante 30 días.
Tesis
Aguirre, Siancas Elías Ernesto. "Influencia del tipo de masticación sobre la memoriaaprendizaje espacial en ratones albinos de la cepa BALB/c jovenes, adultos y seniles. Lima 2015." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6572.
Full textTesis
Trujillo, Piso Dunia Yisela. "Estudos de preparações antiproteolíticas no tratamento da ceratite ulcerativa experimental em ratos (Rattus novergicus linhagem wistar, variação albinus, Linnaeus, 1758) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88974.
Full textAbstract: This study aimed evaluate the effects of topical 3% chondroitin sulfate (SC), 10% N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 1% EDTA (EDTA) and 0,9% NaCl on corneal epithelial viability and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and -9), in alkali burned rat corneas. Ninety eight healthy rats were divided into four groups and animals were submitted to corneal burn with NaOH 1N. All treatments occurred every 6 hours, and the corneas were photographed at the same time points until lesions were fluorescein negative. Twelve animals of each group were euthanized 24 and 42 hours after burn, and corneas were processed for corneal epithelial microvilli quantification (CEM) by scanning electron microscopy and MMP-2 and -9 evaluation by zimography. Images were quantified by Image J. Average corneal wound healing rate was 28,00±12,82 (SC), 29,00±11,01 (NAC), 35,00±7,01 (EDTA) and 35,00±7,01 hours in controls (GC) (p=0,46). CEM count did not change significantly among groups (p>0,05). At 20 and 42 hours, MMP-2 latent form quantity was significantly increased in NAC and SC groups (p<0.001); at 42 hours, MMP-2 latent form was significantly elevated in EDTA, in comparison to GC (p<0,001). At 42 hours, MMP-2 active form was significantly increased only in SC (p<0,001). MMP-9 was expressed only in its latent form, being significantly higher in NAC, at 42 hours (p<0,001). This study indicated that only 3% chondroitin sulfate accelerated corneal wound healing. 10% N-acetylcysteine, 1% EDTA and 3% chondroitin sulfate did not protect the corneal epithelial microvilli. In addition, none of the tested agents showed any benefit over MMPs inhibition in alkali burned
Orientador: José Luiz Laus
Coorientador: Adriana Morales
Banca: Cristiane dos Santos Honsho
Banca: Alexandre Lima de Andrade
Mestre
Groszewicz, Lucila. "Brincadeira e interação social em filhotes de hamster dourado (mesocricetus auratus) e rato albino (rattus norvegicus) : uma análise comparativa do comportamento ao longo de um período de 24 horas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1997. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/112306.
Full textArokoyo, Dennis Seyi. "Antidiabetic and profertility mechanisms of aqueous extract of Basella alba in male Wistar rats." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2736.
Full textThe use of medicinal plants in the management of various health problems date back to the ancient times. However, only in recent years, researchers are starting to focus on the use of natural plant products as alternative treatment in disease control. Basella alba (Ba), commonly called Ceylon or Indian spinach is one of such medicinal plants, wildly cultivated and consumed mostly as vegetable. Studies have established many beneficial effects of Ba, including androgenic effects as well as antidiabetic effects which have been described in rats following oral administration of the leave extract. However, the actual mechanisms underlying the antihyperglyceamic effect of Ba have not been reported in any study and little or no research details are yet available on the potential beneficial effects of Ba in reproductive dysfunction resulting from diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed at investigating the mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic effect of Ba and the possibility of a role for the plant in correcting diabetic-induced reproductive dysfunctions in male Wistar rats. The first part of the study involved comparing of three different solvent extracts of Ba leaves namely ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extracts for their antioxidant potentials, after which the aqueous extract was selected for further use in the experiments. Animal experimentation involved male rats (n=40) aged 8-10 weeks, randomly divided into four equal groups as follows: Healthy Control, Diabetic Control, Healthy Treatment and Diabetic Treatment. Diabetes was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55mg/kg) and all animals subsequently received treatment via gavage (Rats in Control groups received 0.5ml/100g normal saline daily and treatment groups received 200mg/kg plant extract daily) for a period of four weeks. Fasting blood sugar and body weights were recorded weekly throughout the study. Animals were sacrificed upon completion of the treatment and blood samples and tissues collected for further analysis which included computer aided sperm analysis, Luminex® technology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent hormonal assays, inflammatory cytokine assays, analysis of oxidative stress markers and Histopathological analysis. The single intraperitoneal injection of a high streptozotocin dose resulted in hyperglycaemia, weight loss, subnormal sperm parameters, negative balance of inflammatory cytokines and endogenous antioxidants and degenerative changes in the pancreas, testes and epididymis as observed in the diabetic control rats. Oral administration with the aqueous extract of Ba for four weeks in diabetic treatment rats led to a significant reduction in blood sugar and improvement of sperm parameters by modulating the production of gonadal hormones, in vivo antioxidants and inflammatory cytokines. There was also significant recovery of normal islet histology and reduction in testicular and epididymal degeneration in the diabetic treatment rats when compared to their diabetic control counterparts. It was concluded from the findings of this study that the antidiabetic and profertility effects of Ba are largely dependent on the modulation of in vivo production of antioxidants, gonadal hormones and inflammatory cytokines, probably stimulated by one or more phytochemical component(s) that can be isolated in the aqueous extract of the plant.
Martin-Martinelli, Elisabeth. "Evolution de la morphologie et de la distribution des neurones catecholaminergiques dans la retine de rat albinos au cours du developpement postnatal." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066399.
Full textGuzman, Gutierrez Oswaldo. "Chronologie et dynamique de la formation des terrasses fluviales dans des chaînes des montagnes avec une surrection modéré : l'exemple du Vénézuéla et de l'Albanie." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU017/document.
Full textThis research addresses interactions between tectonics, climate and geomorphic processes at the surface of the Earth through the study of river terraces in Venezuela and Albania. Both areas have been exposed to moderate uplift, to Quaternary climatic variations and provide a wide record of river terraces. These contexts furnish opportunities to investigate the dynamics of terraces formation at 102-105 year time scale. Thus, a morphochronologic approach was applied in order to achieve greater understanding about this issue for the Venezuelan and Albanian rivers. In the Pueblo Llano and Santo Domingo rivers system located in the Southeastern flank of the Mérida Andes in Venezuela, twelve river terraces were identified for the last 200 ka. Analysis of 10Be concentration provides for the first time exposure ages for seven terraces and for one frontal moraine complex. A terraces model supported by these dating and geomorphologic, stratigraphic and sedimentologic data indicates that the formation of terraces was mainly controlled by high frequency (103-104 years) climatic variations through unsteady discharge of water and sediments. Nevertheless, the type of response was highly related to the altitude of the site and the influence of usptreams glaciers. As a matter of fact, in the upper reaches of the system, the succession of aggradation and incision phases were synchronized with the succession of cold-dry and warm-humid periods, while the lower reaches of the system show the opposite pattern. Based on the temporal restoration of the incision rate of the lower reaches of the system an uplift rate at 1.1 mm/a for the last 70 ka was estimated for the Southeastern flank of the MA. Additionally, the identification and dating of a frontal moraine complex located at elevation of 2300 m a.s.l. in the Pueblo Llano valley highlights the fact that the glacier advance during the Last Glacial Maximum, in other areas of the MA could have also reached lower elevation than those reported between 2900 and 3500 m a.s.l. In the Albania domain, the terrace records of the six main Albanian rivers were analyzed. New geomorphologic and geochronological data were integrated with published data in order to propose a regional homogeneous stratigraphic/chronologic framework for the last 200 ka. Based on this framework the timing of formation of eleven regional river terraces was established. In Albania, the processes of terraces formation were also mainly controlled by high frequency (103-104 years) climatic variations. Nonetheless, the results also show that the geomorphic responses of the fluvial systems were probably modulated by the size of the catchments and by eustatic variations. Indeed, for the pre-Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS 2) period, fill and strath terraces were formed in the large and small catchments, respectively. After the beginning of the MIS 2, a complex relation between climatic and eustatic variations only favored the development of strath terraces in large and small catchments. Despite of the differences between the rivers responses, the succession of aggradation or lateral erosion and incision phases were synchronized with the succession of cold-dry and warm-humid periods in all the rivers of Albania. Finally, the restoration of spatial and temporal variation of incision rate allowed: 1) identify the spatial variation of the mean long-term incision rate. It varies from less than 0.1 mm/a in Southern Albania to 1 mm/a in Northern Albania; 2) estimate vertical slip rates for eight active faults for the last 19 ka in Southern Albania. These vertical slip rates appear to decrease from ~2 to ~0.1 mm/a from the extensional domain in the Eastern Albania to the compressional domain in Western Albania
Maynard, Luana Godinho. "Efeitos cardiovasculares do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (Mill) N.E. Brown. (Erva Cidreira Brasileira) em ratos." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2011. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3845.
Full textLippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (VERBENACEAE), popularly know as Erva Cidreira Brasileira, has been one of the most commonly herbs used in the Brazilian folk medicine to blood pressure control. This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular effects of the essential oil of Lippia alba (EOLA) in rats. For the hemodynamic measurement, normotensive male Wistar rats had their abdominal aorta and lower vena cava cannulated. Initially, five chemotypes (geranial, limonene, linalool, mircene, and carvone) were tested in normotensive conscious rats. They were intravenously and in bolus administrated at the doses of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg. The EOLAG showed the best results on blood pressure, being chosen for the following experiments. The administration of EOLAG (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.v.) induced transient hypotension and bradycardia. These responses were attenuated by atropine (2 mg/kg, i.v.), hexamethonium (20 mg/kg, i.v.) and NG-nitro-Larginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME - 20 mg/kg, i.v.), but not by indomethacin (5 mg/kg, i.v.). For in vitro approach, the rats were euthanized and the superior mesenteric artery was removed and cut in rings (1-2 mm), which were placed in organ baths containing Tyrode`s solution at 37o C and gassed with carbogen. In intact rings of rat mesenteric artery pre-contracted with phenilephrine (1 μM), EOLAG (1 - 1000 mg/mL) induced relaxation (pD2 = 1.89 ± 0.21; Emax = 110.8 ± 10.8 %) which was not modified after the removal of the endothelium (pD2 = 2.37 ± 0.16; Emax = 134.8 ± 16.5 %), after incubation with TEA (pD2 = 2.23 ± 0.04; Emax = 117.2 ± 4.96 %) or KCl (80 mM) (pD2 = 1.96 ± 0.06; Emax = 112.6 ± 6.70 %). In addition, the EOLAG was able to inhibit the contraction caused by CaCl2 and produced additional effect (34.82 %; n = 5) on maximal relaxation of nifedipine (10 μM). In conclusions, the results demonstrate that the EOLAG induces hypotensive effect, that seems to be caused by muscarinic activation and NO release, and bradycardia, that seems to be due to an activation of ganglion nicotinic and cardiac muscarinic receptors. Furthermore, EOLAG produces vasorelaxation primarily caused by blocking Ca2+ influx through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels.
A Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (VERBENACEAE), conhecida popularmente como Erva Cidreira Brasileira, é uma das plantas mais utilizadas na medicina popular brasileira, inclusive para o tratamento da hipertensão arterial. Este estudo buscou investigar os efeitos cardiovasculares do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (OELA) em ratos. Para registro dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos, ratos machos Wistar saudáveis foram canulados na aorta abdominal e na veia cava inferior. Inicialmente foram testados 5 quimiotipos deste óleo (geranial, limoneno, linalol, mirceno e carvona), administrados por via intravenosa e in bolus, nas doses de 5, 10, 20, 40 e 60 mg/kg. Após análise destes resultados, observou-se que o quimiotipo geranial (OELAG) foi o que apresentou o melhor efeito sobre a pressão arterial, tornando-se o quimiotipo de escolha. Em animais saudáveis e não-anestesiados, o OELAG (5, 10, 20 e 40 mg/kg, i.v.) induziu hipotensão e bradicardia transientes. Estes efeitos foram atenuados em animais pré-tratados com atropina (2 mg/kg, i.v.), hexametônio (20 mg/kg, i.v.) ou LNAME (20 mg/kg, i.v.), mas não com indometacina (5 mg/kg, i.v.). Para os experimentos in vitro, os ratos foram eutanasiados e a artéria mesentérica superior foi removida e seccionada em anéis (1-2 mm), os quais foram montados em cubas para órgão isolado contendo solução de Tyrode a 37o C e gaseificada com carbogênio. Em anéis intactos de artéria mesentérica superior de ratos, pré-contraídos com fenilefrina (10 μM), o OELAG (1 - 1000 mg/mL) induziu relaxamento (pD2 = 1,89 ± 0,21; Emax = 110,8 ± 10,8 %) cujo efeito não foi alterado após remoção do endotélio (pD2 = 2,37 ± 0,16; Emax = 134,8 ± 16,5 %), após a incubação com tetraetilamônio (TEA) (pD2 = 2,23 ± 0,04; Emax = 117,2 ± 4,96 %) ou KCl (80 mM) (pD2 = 1,96 ± 0,06; Emax = 112,6 ± 6,70 %). Além disso, o OELAG foi capaz de inibir as contrações induzidas por CaCl2 e produzir um efeito adicional (34,82 %; n = 5) sobre o relaxamento máximo causado pela nifedipina (10 μM) em anéis sem endotélio. Diante destes resultados, pode-se concluir que o OELAG produz efeito hipotensor, que parece ser causado por ativação de receptores muscarínicos e liberação de NO, e bradicardia, que parece ser causado pela ativação de receptores muscarínicos cardíacos e Efeitos cardiovasculares do óleo essencial de Lippia alba em ratos MAYNARD, L.G (2011) 9 nicotínicos ganglionares. Além disso, o OELAG induz vasorelaxamento que parece ser causado inicialmente por um bloqueio do influxo de Ca2+ através dos canais de Ca2+ operados por voltagem.
Zanella, Regis Cristian. "Administração intracerebroventricular de peróxido de hidrogênio: efeitos sobre a ingestão de água, excreção renal e alterações cardiovasculares induzidas por aumento da osmolaridade plasmática." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1355.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
The reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced endogenously in central areas may act by modulating autonomic and behavioral responses. Recent studies have shown that a reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), injected into the lateral ventricle (LV) reduces pressor response induced by central injection of angiotensin II. In the present study we investigated the effects of H2O2 on the dipsogeni and pressor responses and on the changes in renal excretion induced by the increases in plasma osmolality by intragastric administration (ig) of 2 M NaCl (2 ml). Holtzman rats (280 - 320 g) with stainless steel cannula implanted in the LV were used. H2O2 or PBS injections were made in the LV. Injections of H2O2 (2.5 or 5 μmol/1 μl) in the LV reduced water intake induced by ig 2 M NaCl (3.1 ± 0.7 and 3.5 ± 1.1 ml, vs. PBS: 8.6 ± 1.0 and 7.6 ± 0.5 ml/2h, P <0.05, respectively) and natriuresis (609.2 ± 82.9 and 1290.7 ± 80.5, vs. PBS: 876.4 ± 129.5 and 1443.6 ± 67.5 μEq/2 h, p < 0.05, respectively). However, diuresis and pressor response after ig 2 M NaCl were not altered by the pre-treatment with H2O2. The present data suggest a inhibitory role of central H2O2 in water intake and natriuresis without changing the pressor response induced by plasma hyperosmolarity.
As espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), produzidas endogenamente podem atuar em áreas centrais modulando respostas autonômicas e comportamentais. Estudos recentes demonstraram que uma espécie reativa de oxigênio, o peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), injetado no ventrículo lateral (VL) reduz resposta pressora induzida pela injeção central de angiotensina II. No presente estudo investigamos os efeitos do H2O2 sobre a resposta dipsogênica, pressora e sobre as alterações na excreção renal induzidas por aumento da osmolaridade plasmática pela administração intragástrica (ig) de NaCl 2 M (2 ml) . Ratos Holtzman (280 320 g) com cânulas de aço inoxidável implantadas no VL foram utilizados. Injeções de H2O2 ou PBS foram realizadas no VL. As injeções de H2O2 (2,5 ou 5 μmol/1 μl) no VL reduziu a ingestão de água induzida por NaCl 2 M ig (3,1 ± 0,7 e 3,5 ± 1,1 ml, vs. PBS: 8,6 ± 1,0 e 7,6 ± 0,5 ml/2 h, p < 0,05, respectivamente) e a natriurese (609,2 ± 82,9 e 1290,7 ± 80,5, vs. PBS: 876,4 ± 129,5 e 1443,6 ± 67,5 μEq/2 h, p < 0,05, respectivamente). Por outro lado a diurese e a resposta pressora após gavagem de NaCl 2 M não foram alteradas pelo tratamento prévio com H2O2. Nossos dados sugerem um papel inibitório para o H2O2 agindo centralmente na ingestão de água e na natriurese, sem alterar a resposta pressora induzida por hiperosmolaridade plasmática.
Faerber, Ernest Ecusiel. "Investigation into a new method of experimental tar carcinogenesis in albino rats." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15207.
Full text"Um estudo quantitativo da fase pre-convulsiva da crise audiogenica no rato albino." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 1992. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000042161.
Full textKrishnayya, Mridula. "Investigations on the behavioural effects of indigeneous plant medicine aswagandha (withania somnifera) on albino rats." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2718.
Full textShen, Chung-Khang, and 沈仲綱. "Inhibition of Serotonin System on Sleep Behavior Induced by Short Light-Dark Cyclein Albino Rats." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36065464768546889478.
Full text國立中正大學
心理學研究所
88
Serotonin is actively involved in sleep regulation. Lesions in the raphe nuclei, where the most serotoninergic cells of the brain are located, result in a total loss in paradoxical sleep(PS)and a great reduction in non-rapid-eye-movement(NREM)sleep. Light is a powerful modulator of both biological rhythm and sleep-waking state. Increases and decreases in PS in the dark and light period, respectively, have been observed in albino rats exposed to short light-dark cycles(LD). Para-chlorophenylalanine( PCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, induces insomnia in cats and rats. This study aims to determine whether the inhibition of the serotoninegic system induced by PCPA injections alters the effect of LD on PS. PCPA acutely reduced PS by 50% and NREM sleep by 20%. When both PS and NREM sleep subsequently returned to the baseline level, rats were subjected to the LD treatment. Both PCPA- and saline- treated rats significantly showed increases and decreases in PS in the short dark and short light periods, respectively. 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a metabolite of serotonin, was lower in PCPA-treated rats than in saline-treated rats in five of the seven assayed brain regions. It is concluded that the inhibition of the serotoninergic system does not alter the LD effect on PS.
Desai, Anuradha. "Glutathione S-transferases and arachidonic acid cascade: Effects of dietary vitamin E and selenium in female albino rats." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/936.
Full textHoxha, Mimi. "Interest rate pass-through in the Eastern Europe: Case of Albania - An empirical Analysis." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351242.
Full textMorrow, Nancy Susan. "Investigation of exaggerated wheel running in albino rats: effects of pre-adaptation to a restricted feeding schedule and daily treatment with cimetidine." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/22119.
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