Dissertations / Theses: 'Ratada'

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Juraszek, Adriana. "Ecologia alimentar de carnívoros em remanescentes de mata atlântica entremeados por matriz silvicultural, na região sul do Brasil." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/706.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the composition of sympatric carnivores diet living in forest fragments of Atlantic forest interspersed with Pinus sp. e Eucalyptus sp.The study was conducted in the county of Vargem Bonita and Ponte Serrada, state of Santa Catarina. The information regarding diet were obtained through analysis of feces collected during the period July 2006 to July 2008. The first chapter discusses the composition of the diet of the coati Nasua Nasua, in a subsequent period of fruiting Merostachys skvortzovii, that due to massive seed production causes a higher population of small rodents phenomenon popularly known as ratada, the hypothesis that this event may have influenced the composition of the diet. As there were no data on the composition of the diet for the study area in the period before fruiting M. skvortzovii, the hypothesis was tested based on other studies on the feeding ecology of the species in an Atlantic forest. The results indicate that mammals are the most important (62.1% ii PO) and more frequent items (FO = 100%). The Cricetidae family stood out based on frequency of occurrence (FO = 95.1%) and percentage of occurrence (PO = 59.0%) and Lutreolina crassicaudata based on biomass consumed (PB = 52.2%). In 39.0% of samples were found plant material, but is category was composed exclusively of foliar blades of grass. The observed results show that the fruiting of M. skvortzovii, may have influenced the diet given that the consumption of mammals differs from that recorded for the species in previous studies in the area Atlantic forest. The second chapter of this study evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively the composition of the diet, the width and dietary overlap of five species of felines and they: Leopardus tigrinus, L. wiedii, L. pardalis, Herpailurus yagouaroundi and Puma concolor. For this 460 fecal samples were analyzed and it was found that mammals are the most important items in the diet of cats with emphasis on family Cricetidade which occurred in 386 samples was expected especially for species with smaller. Overall, the results indicate high overlap values for the pairs L. tigrinus -L. pardalis and L. tigrinus -H. yagouaroundi. Despite high overlap valuesobserved during the sampling period we cannot say that competition for resources, species may occupy similar niches, but not identical to exploit food resources in different proportions over time. Furthermore, the abundance of rodents in this period may have allowed high dietary overlap, fact that can be investigated by analysis of the recent carnivorous diet of these, once not there previous study to the region investigated.
O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar a composição da dieta de carnívoros simpátricos que vivem em fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica entremeados por plantios de Pinus sp. E Eucalyptus sp.. O estudo foi conduzido nos municípios de Vargem Bonita e Ponte Serrada, estado de Santa Catarina. As informações a respeito da dieta foram obtidas por meio da análise de fezes coletadas durante o período de julho de 2006 a julho de 2008. O primeiro capítulo aborda a composição da dieta do quati Nasua nasua, em um período subsequente a frutificação de Merostachys skvortzovii, que devido a produção massiva de sementes ocasiona um aumento populacional de pequenos roedores fenômeno conhecido popularmente como ratada, tendo como hipótese de que este evento possa ter influenciado a composição da dieta. Como não havia dados sobre a composição da dieta para a área de estudo no período anterior à frutificação de M. skvortzovii, a hipótese foi testada com base em outros estudos que abordam a ecologia alimentar da espécie dentro do domínio Mata Atlântica. Os resultados obtidos indicam que mamíferos são os itens mais importantes (PO= 62,1%) e mais frequentes (FO=100%). A família Cricetidae destacou-se com base na frequência de ocorrência (FO= 95,1%) e porcentagem de ocorrência PO= 59.0% e Lutreolina crassicaudata com base na biomassa consumida PB= 52,2%. Em 39,0% das amostras foi encontrado material vegetal, porém esta categoria foi composta exclusivamente por lâminas folhares de gramíneas. Os resultados observados evidenciam que a frutificação de M. skvortzovii, pode ter influenciado na dieta tendo em vista que o consumo de mamíferos difere do registrado para a espécie em estudos anteriores realizados no domínio Mata Atlântica. O segundo capítulo deste estudo avaliou qualitativamente e quantitativamente a composição da dieta, a largura e a sobreposição de nicho alimentar de cinco espécies de felídeos, sendo elas: Leopardus tigrinus, L. wiedii, L. pardalis, Herpailurus yagouaroundi e Puma concolor. Para isso foram analisadas 460 amostras fecais e constatou-se que os mamíferos são os itens mais importantes na dieta dos felinos com destaque para a família Cricetidade, que ocorreram em 386 amostras, fato esperado principalmente para as espécies com menor porte. De maneira geral foram observados altos valores de sobreposição, sendo os valores mais altos encontrados para os pares L. tigrinus -L. pardalis e L. tigrinus-H. yagouaroundi. Apesar dos altos valores de sobreposição observados durante o período de amostragem, não se pode afirmar que esteja havendo competição por recursos, as espécies talvez ocupem nichos semelhantes, porém não idênticos, de modo a explorarem os recursos alimentares em diferentes proporções ao longo do tempo. Além disso, a abundância de roedores no período pode ter permitido essa alta sobreposição de nicho alimentar, fato que poderia ser investigado por meio da análise atual da dieta desses carnívoros, uma vez que não existem informações anteriores a este estudo para a região investigada.

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Mattsson, Cecilia, and Ida Hermanseter. "Att ratta eller rata bilen? : En fallstudie på Östra Torggatan i Karlstad med fokus på mobility management." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-56637.

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Bilens plats har det senaste århundradet förändrat hela samhället med sin betydelse för utvecklingen (Nayak & Jeffrey 2011) och det verkar finnas en enighet bland politiker, planerare och forskare att en blandad och tät stad är mer hållbar än den glesa och transportberoende bebyggelsen som präglade planeringen från 1950-talet och framåt (Stadsliv AB 2015). Därför syftar denna uppsats till att belysa och förstå hur det planeras för, eller emot, bilen kontra fotgängare, cyklister och kollektivtrafik i staden. I denna uppsats är det just Karlstads kommun, med en fördjupning till Östra Torggatan som varit grund för fallstudien. Uppsatsen frågeställningar lyder: - Vilka visioner har kommunen för Östra Torggatan? - På vilket sätt använder sig kommunen av mobility management för att påverka människors färdmedelsval? - Hur uppfattar företagarna längs med Östra Torggatan en eventuell trafikomvandling? Den teoretiska grund uppsatsen vilar på utgår från teorier från postmodernismen, teorier kring tid och rum samt tidigare forskning kring rörelse, bilens utveckling och den påverkan den haft på samhället och den enskilda människan. Som en avslutning av kapitel två redovisas en grund till begreppet mobility management. Metodvalet för denna studie har varit kvalitativ. Detta för att syftet med uppsatsen inte var att få fram ett generellt svar utan att se på det specifika fallet och hur visionerna påverkar den platsen. De intervjuer som genomfördes var semistrukturerade för att på så vis lättare föra en diskussion med respondenter snarare än att låta det vara en utfrågning som det lättare kan bli om intervjun är strukturerad. Empirin består av textdokument skapade av Karlstads kommun. Dessa var Stadsdelsvisionen för Tingvallastaden, trafikplan för Karlstads kommun samt cykelplan för Karlstads kommun. Empirin grundas också i intervjuer med respondenter från kommunen och utvalda företagare längs med Östra Torggatan. Tre intervjuer hölls med kommunrepresentanter och tre intervjuer med utvalda företagare längs Östra Torggatan. Vår slutsats är att relationen mellan bilen och människan måste bejakas i planeringen för bilfria stadskärnor. Kommunikation och information måste ligga till grund för de förändringar som måste ske för att människor ska förändra sitt färdmedelsval.

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Gutiérrez, de la Parra Juan Enrique. "Efecto estrogénico en útero de rata prepúber y estudio toxicológico en ratas adultas de una planta medicinal chilena." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105331.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Químico Farmacéutico
Los estrógenos ejercen diversas acciones biológicas que incluyen proliferación y diferenciación de un gran número de células. Las actividades biológicas de los estrógenos son mediadas a través de dos receptores estrogénicos (RE) distintos, REα y REβ, los que son miembros de una superfamilia de receptores nucleares. El mecanismo de acción de los estrógenos involucra su unión al RE seguido de la dimerización de éste y unión a elementos de respuesta a estrógenos (EREs) ubicados en los promotores de los genes blanco. Los dos RE exhiben distintos patrones de distribución en los tejidos y tienen la capacidad de unirse a diferentes ligandos con diversas propiedades de transactivación. Estas diferencias pueden contribuir a la acción selectiva de los agonistas y antagonistas de RE en diferentes tejidos. Los RE pueden ser blancos farmacéuticos para mejorar la terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH) en mujeres post-menopáusicas y para nuevas drogas de quimioterapia en cánceres hormono-dependientes. La TRH puede restaurar los niveles de estrógeno pero incrementa en la mujer los riegos de enfermedades cardiovasculares, demencia y cáncer de mamas. Algunos estudios señalan que el REα está involucrado en la proliferación de células en cáncer de mamas, mientras que se ha demostrado que el REβ actúa en la supresión de tumores. Entre los compuestos que pueden unirse a los RE, se encuentran los moduladores selectivos de RE (SERMs) que tiene la habilidad de actuar como agonistas o antagonistas dependiendo del contexto celular o la isoforma de RE involucrado. Algunos SERMs como raloxifeno y tamoxifeno son usados en clínica para el tratamiento de osteoporosis y cáncer de mamas estrógeno dependiente. Los fitoestrógenos (FE) son compuestos derivados de plantas que pueden imitar o modular la acción que producen los estrógenos endógenos por unión a los RE. Estos grupos de compuestos incluyen flavonoides, cumestanos y lignanos. Las características estructurales de los FE permiten su unión a RE y pueden exhibir actividad estrogénica o antiestrogénica. La mayor parte de los FE usados en TRH activa ambos sub-tipos de RE. Los FE presentan distinta afinidad por las diferentes isoformas de los RE, por lo que podríamos obtener de ellos las respuestas beneficiosas deseables y evitar las de riesgo. La búsqueda de nuevos principios activos o de compuestos con actividad estrogénica que sean inocuos para el ser humano representa una buena estrategia para contribuir a la TRH
Estrogens have diverse biological actions including proliferation and differentiation of a number of cells. Biological activities of estrogen are mediated through two distinct and functional estrogen receptors (ER), ER-α and ER-β, which are members of a large superfamily of nuclear receptors. The mechanism of ER action involves estrogen binding intracellular ERs followed by dimerization of receptor and binding to specific estrogen response elements (EREs) located in the promoters of target genes. Two ERs exhibit distinct tissue distribution patterns, different ligand-binding ability and trans-activational properties. This difference could contribute to the selective action of ER agonists and antagonists in different tissues. ER has been a pharmaceutical target for hormonal therapy (HT) in menopausal women and for chemotherapeutic drugs against reproductive cancers. HT can restore estrogen levels but increases the women´s risk of heart disease, dementia and breast cancer. ER-α has been known to cause proliferation of breast cancer cells, while ER-β has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor. Among the compounds that can bind to ERs, selective ER modulators (SERMs) have the ability to act as agonists or antagonists depending on the cellular context and ER isoforms involved. The well known SERMs, raloxifene and tamoxifen are used clinically in the treatment of osteoporosis and estrogen dependent breast cancer. Phytoestrogens are plant derived compounds that can mimic or modulate the actions of endogenously produced estrogens by binding to ERs. These groups of compounds include flavonoids, stilbenes and lignans. The structural features of them confer ability to bind ERs and can exert estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity. Most of the phytoestrogens used in HT activate both subtypes of ERs. Phytoestrogens that selectively activate ER-α or ER-β might exert some of the beneficial effects, avoiding the adverse side effects. The search for new active compounds with estrogenic activity that are safe for humans is a good strategy to contribute to HRT

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GUIMARÃES, Mayara Alves Leal. "Efeito da atividade física voluntária materna sobre parâmetros metabólicos, comportamentais e de desempenho em testes físicos em ratos jovens." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25361.

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FACEPE
Objetivou-se avaliar parâmetros comportamentais, metabólicos e de desempenho em testes físicos da prole cujas mães foram submetidas a atividade física voluntária (AFV) perinatal. Foram utilizadas 14 ratas albinas da linhagem Wistar, alocadas em gaiolas de atividade física voluntária (GAFV) dispondo de uma roda de corrida, durante três períodos: adaptação (30 dias), gestação e lactação. Para avaliar a atividade física voluntária foram utilizadas grandezas físicas: Distância percorrida (km), tempo percorrido (min) e estimativa de gasto calórico (km.s⁻¹), avaliadas por todo período de adaptação. Após este período foram formados dois grupos experimentais de acordo com o nível de atividade física: Muito Ativo (MA=6) e Inativo (IN=8). Durante todo o experimento as ratas receberam as dietas AIN-93 M e G de acordo com o ciclo da vida. Nas ratas, foram determinados peso corporal, ganho de peso e consumo alimentar durante gestação e lactação, e peso da gordura visceral e perfil bioquímico do soro ao desmame. Nos filhotes, foi acompanhado peso corporal e comprimento naso-anal até 70o dia pós-natal. Foi realizado testes máximos de resistência aeróbia e muscular aos 60 dias de vida, teste de ansiedade em labirinto elevado em cruz (LEC) aos 61 dias, e testes de tolerância a glicose e insulina (GTT e ITT) aos 62 e 65 dias, respectivamente. Ao sacrifício, 22 ou 70 dias, foi pesado a gordura visceral, avaliado o peso de gordura relativo ao peso corporal e coletado soro para verificação do perfil bioquímico dos animais. As mães muito ativas tiveram maior distância percorrida, tempo de atividade e maior gasto calórico no período de adaptação. As ratas muito ativas consumiram mais ração, foram mais pesadas ao final da gestação e tiveram menor concentração de glicemia ao desmame. Os filhotes de mães muito ativas entraram maior número de vezes nos dois braços do LEC, passaram maior tempo nos braços abertos, menor tempo no centro do labirinto, maior tempo em inclinação da cabeça para baixo e apresentaram maior frequência de exploração vertical. Além disso, a prole muito ativa apresentou melhor performance no carregamento de cargas no teste de sobrecarga máxima. Não houve diferença no teste máximo em esteira, assim como não houve diferença nos testes de tolerância à glicose e insulina. Ao sacrifício, aos 70 dias, a prole muito ativa apresentou menor peso de gordura comparado aos inativos. Concluimos que, a AFV materna aumenta a resistência muscular e diminui comportamento ansioso no LEC da prole adolescente. Desta forma, pode-se considerar que a atividade física voluntáriamaterna durante a gestação gera repercussões no comportamento e nas capacidades físicas da prole no final da adolescência.
The main goals of this study were to evaluate the effects of voluntary physical activity during pregnancy/lactation on behavioral, metabolic and physical fitness parameters of offsprings whose mothers were submitted to perinatal voluntary physical activity (AFV). Fourteen female Wistar albino rats were used in a volunteer physical activity cage (GAFV) with a running wheel for three periods: adaptation (30 days), gestation and lactation. Voluntary physical activity was ranked by distance traveled (km), time traveled (min) and estimated caloric burned (km.s⁻¹). After this period two experimental groups were formed according to the level of physical activity: Very Active (VA = 6) and Inactive (IN = 8). Mothers received diet AIN-93 M e G according to the period of life. Dam's body weight, body weight gain, food consumption, visceral fat mass and biochemical profile at weaning were evaluated. Pups somatic growth was evaluated from birth to 70th day of life. Maximal treadmill and maximum overload test were performed at 60th day. Anxiety-behavior at elevated plus maze (EPM) was evaluated at 61st day. Glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance test were performed at 62nd and 65th day, respectively. In the sacrifice, 22nd or 70th day of life, visceral fat and body weight were evaluated. Trunk blood was collected and centrifuged for biochemical profile analyze. Very active mothers showed a progressive increase in running distance, time of activity and estimated calorie burned. In additional, VA dams had higher food intake during adaptation, lower body weight and glycaemia at weaning. At elevated plus maze, VA offspring showed increased number of entries in both arms, time spent in open arms and time in head dipping and frequency of rearing. VA pups carried higher overload and had higher number of climbs in overload test. VA pups had showed no difference in somatic development. No difference was observed in treadmill test or GTT and ITT. In summary, maternal physical activity enhances carrying overload capacity and decreases anxiety-related behavior at EPM in offspring at late adolescence.

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Yılmaz, Ozan Coşkun Hasan Şenol. "Probiyotiklerin ratlarda metotreksat toksisitesi üzerine olan etkileri /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00373.pdf.

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Bergström, Susanna, and Erik Håbring. "Hyllad, ratad eller anonym : en studie om svenska konsumenters attityder till opastöriserad mjölk." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-12056.

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In Sweden, all milk needs to be pasteurized. Unpasteurized milk [ OPM ] may only be sold in a smaller scale directly from the farmer to the consumer. The law was introduced in 1939, to prevent tuberculosis, which poses no threat today. There are other reasons, such as keepability and risk of pathogenic bacteria, why milk is pasteurized. Despite these risks, many consume OPM. The Swedish food agency proposed 2013 a new law to prohibit all sales of OPM. This proposal received numerous opinions from proponents of OPM. There is limited research on Swedish consumers' attitudes and values regarding OPM. Praised, rejected or anonymous: a study of Swedish consumers' attitudes on unpasteurised milk is a bachelor thesis in food and meal science, Kristianstad University. The study was carried out with a questionnaire designed to explore the attitudes to OPM of Swedish milk consumers, and what they are based on. The results showed that the consumers attitudes about OPM was connected to a higher value. Amongst others, the attitudes were more critical and OPM was seen as a risky product. Most of the consumers oponions were based on childhood, memories and social connections. Despite OPMs higher values, the study shows that due to precationary OPM may not be ready to emerge in this caution and health conscious society Sweden is today.
Idag är det lag på att pastörisera all konsumtionsmjölk i Sverige; Opastöriserad mjölk [OPM] får endast säljas i mindre skala direkt från gård till konsument. Pastöriseringskravet infördes 1939, för att förhindra spridningen av turberkulos, vilket inte anses utgöra något hot idag. Det finns även andra anledningar, som hållbarhet och sjukdomsrisk, till varför mjölk pastöriseras. Livsmedelsverkets gav hösten 2013 förslag om att införa en lag för förbud av all försäljning av OPM, detta förslag fick många reaktioner från förespråkare av OPM. Det finns begränsad forskning om svenska konsumenters attityder och värderingar kring OPM. Hyllad, ratad eller anonym: en studie om svenska konsumenters attityder på opastöriserad mjölk är ett examensarbete från Gastronomiprogrammet, Högskolan Kristianstad. Studien genomföres med ett frågeformulär med syfte att undersöka vilka attityder som finns till OPM hos svenska mjölkkonsumenter, samt vad dessa grundas på. I resultatet visade det sig att attityderna handlade om att OPM skapar ett mervärde. Bland kommentarerna fanns även attityder som var mer kritiska och OPM ansågs vara en riskfylld produkt. Dessa attityder grundar sig främst i uppväxt, minnen och social samhörighet. Trots att studien visar att konsumenter förknippar OPM med olika mervärden finns även en hög försiktighet hos konsumenter, vilket gör att OPM kanske inte är redo för det säkra och hälsofrämjande samhälle Sverige är idag.

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Medina, Galleguillos Valeria Denisse. "Evaluación de la actividad estrogénica de un extracto de planta medicinal endémica en útero de rata pre-púber y de su toxicidad oral aguda en ratas adultas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105351.

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Memoria para optar al Título de Químico Farmacéutico
La administración de 17-β estradiol (E2) vía subcutánea desencadena una serie de conocidas respuestas estrogénicas a nivel uterino, clasificadas como tempranas y tardías. Estas respuestas también han sido observadas tras la administración de ciertos compuestos polifenólicos, conocidos como fitoestrógenos (FE), los cuales pueden actuar como agonistas, antagonistas o moduladores selectivos de receptores estrogénicos. Los FE se encuentran en grandes cantidades en especies vegetales como Glicine max (poroto de soja) y trébol rojo. Por otra parte, muchas especies vegetales de nuestro país han sido usadas durante siglos por los pueblos originarios de Chile con propósitos medicinales. Por lo anterior, el análisis de estas plantas y de sus componentes, es una estrategia atractiva en la búsqueda de nuevos principios activos. Una planta del sur de nuestro país fue seleccionada debido a los antecedentes de su uso folklórico en la interrupción del embarazo o como reguladora del ciclo menstrual (emenagogo), siendo ambos efectos estrogénicos alcanzados a diferentes dosis. Se obtuvo un extracto etanólico de esta planta y cuatro fracciones utilizando solventes de distintas polaridades. Una de esas fracciones fue escogida debido a su gran actividad en estudios preliminares y se designó como la fracción polar 185a4. La fracción 185a4 fue usada para llevar a cabo varios estudios in vivo en útero de rata pre-púber, en los cuales se evaluaron respuestas estrogénicas tempranas, tales como edema y eosinofilia. Se dispuso cuatro grupos de ratas (n=20) de 21 días de edad, que recibieron uno de los siguientes tratamientos vía sc.: 1.- vehículo (control negativo); 2.- estradiol 300 g/k de peso (control positivo); 3.- fracción 185a4; 4.- fracción 185a4 seguido una hora más tarde de E2; Se analizaron las respuestas a 6 y 24 horas post tratamiento. A 24 horas de administrada la fracción, se observó la presencia de edema y eosinofilia en el tejido uterino. Además, se observó un efecto antagonista en ambas respuestas a las 6 h. y sinergia en la respuesta edematosa a las 24 h. post administración del tratamiento combinado. También se evaluaron respuestas estrogénicas tardías, tales como mitosis e hipertrofia celular. No se observó hipertrofia como efecto de la fracción, pero se evidenció un significativo aumento de las mitosis en ambos tiempos, siendo la respuesta mitótica a 24 h. significativamente menor a la inducida por E2. No se observaron efectosantagónicos sobre ambas respuestas a 6 ni a 24 h tras la administración del tratamiento combinado. Adicionalmente se realizó la caracterización química del extracto 185a. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, la presencia de FE incluyendo genisteína, daidzeína, biochanina A y formononetina fue descartada; Por el contrario, la presencia de kaempferol y apigenina fue confirmada. Finalmente, se realizó un test toxicológico en ratas adultas usando una dosis oral aguda de 5g/kg de peso corporal de rata. Durante el período de observación (14 días) posterior a la administración del extracto no se identificaron signos de toxicidad como pérdida de peso corporal, diarrea, irritación de las mucosas o hemorragias. Los análisis histopatológicos de hígado, riñón y cerebro confirmaron que el extracto de la planta no presenta efectos tóxicos a las dosis ensayadas. Dado lo anterior, podemos inferir que el extracto 185a4 posee actividad estrogénica, la que se expresa a través de las respuestas antes descritas para E2 y que su dosis tóxica en ratas es superior a 5g/kg de peso corporal
The administration of 17-β estradiol (E2) subcutaneously triggers a series of well known estrogenic responses both early and late in the uterus. Such responses have also been observed after administration of certain polyphenolic compounds known as phytoestrogens (PE), which can act as agonists, antagonists or as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS). PE are founded in large quantities in plant products such as Glycine max (soybean) and red clover. Due to the above, the analysis of plant species from our country, many of which have been used for centuries for medicinal purposes by native people of Chile, is an attractive strategy to search new drugs. A plant from the south of our country was selected because of the history of its folk use to induce abortion or as menstrual cycle regulator (emmenagogue), being both effects attributed to estrogen at different doses. An ethanolic plant extract was obtained and furthermore, four fractions with different solvent polarities were obtained. One of these fractions was chosen because of its greater activity in preliminary studies and was labeled as the polar fraction 185a4. Fraction 185a4 was used to perform several in vivo studies in pre-puberal rat uterus, where early estrogenic responses, like eosinophilia and edema were evaluated: Twenty rats 21 years old were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups: 1.- Vehicle (negative control); 2.-E2 (300 g/k) positive control); 3.- 185a4 fraction; 4.- 185a4 fraction and one hour after, E2; All treatments were administered sc. Responses were evaluated at 6 and 24 hours after treatment administration. A significant eosinophilia and edema were observed only at 24 hours after fraction administration. An antagonic effect in both responses at 6 hours and a synergic response only for edema at 24 hours were detected after combined treatment administration. Late estrogenic responses were also evaluated, like uterine mitosis and cell hypertrophy. No effect of the fraction over cell hypertrophy but a significant mitotic effect were observed at both times, being the mitotic response at 24 hours lower than E2 induced. No antagonic effects over both responses were observed at 6 or 24 hours after combined treatment administration. Further, a chemical characterization of the 185a extract was performed. According to our results, the presence of PE including genistein, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetine was discarded; by contrary, the presence of kaempferol and apigenin was confirmed. Finally, a toxicity test in adult rats was carried out using a 5g/kg of body weight as acute oral dose. No toxicity signs such as loose of body weight, diarrhea, mucose irritation or bleeding were detected during the observation period (14 days) after extract administration. Histopathological analysis of liver, kidney and brain confirmed that plant extract has no toxic effect at the assayed dose. We concluded that fraction 185a4 exert estrogenic activity in pre-puberal rat uterus such as eosinophilia, edema and induces uterine mitose, all responses atributed to E2 and the extract is not toxic at dose of 5 g/kg body weight of rats

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SOUZA, G. C. "Tributilestanho Prejudica Ciclo Reprodutivo de Ratas." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4460.

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Tributilestanho prejudica ciclo reprodutivo de ratas

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Carhuallanqui, Pérez Andrea. "Presencia de Trypanosoma spp. en ratas (Rattus rattus y Rattus norvegicus) procedentes de dos áreas: mercados de abasto y centros de producción animal." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6034.

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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor
Determina la presencia de Trypanosoma spp. en Rattus spp. procedentes de mercado de abasto y granjas porcinas, e identifica las especies de Trypanosoma spp. mediante su caracterización morfológica y biométrica; correlaciona la presencia del parásito con las variables: sexo, edad (juvenil y adulto) procedencia y especie. El estudio se desarrolla en dos tipos de ambientes de la ciudad de Lima. Evalúa 8 mercados de abasto de diferentes distritos (San Martin de Porres, Chorrillos, Surco, La Victoria, San Luis, San Juan de Miraflores) y 3 granjas porcina (Villa El Salvador, Lurín y Huaral). Se colecta muestras de sangre, de 99 ratas procedentes de granjas porcinas y 62 ratas de mercados de abasto. Para el diagnóstico se utiliza la técnica de frotis sanguíneo delgado coloreado con la tinción rápida “Hemacolor” que permite determinar la presencia del parásito. La identificación de las especies de tripanosomas, se fundamenta en claves internacionales en base a las características morfológicas y biométricas de los tripomastigotes presentes en los extendidos sanguíneos coloreados con Giemsa.
Tesis

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Patašius, Irmantas. "Traktoriaus ir priekabos su varančiaisiais ratais kinematinio suderinamumo tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120528_130120-43497.

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Darbo tikslas: ištirti transporto priemonės sudarytos iš traktoriaus ir priekabos su varančiaisiais ratais kinematinį suderinamumą, dinaminius bei ekonominius rodiklius ir nustatyti racionalios eksploatacijos sąlygas. Darbe nagrinėjami transporto priemonės sudarytos iš traktoriaus ir priekabos su varančiaisiais ratais kinematinis suderinamumas, dinaminiai bei ekonominiai rodikliai, esant išjungtiems priekabos varantiesiems tiltams bei įjungtiems vienam ir dviem priekabos varantiesiems tiltams. Nustatyta, kad transporto priemonei, važiuojant suartu lauku, kurio drėgnis 5 cm gylyje - 19,8 %, kietis - 0.85 MPa, o kietis 15 cm gylyje - 1,08 MPa, racionalu įjungti tik vieną priekabos varantįjį tiltą (kartu su traktoriaus užpakaliniu varančiuoju tiltu). Čia vieno priekabos varančiojo tilto įjungimas duoda teigiamus rezultatus važiuojant tiek su 4500 kg kroviniu, tiek ir be krovinio. Važiuojant vėžėmis per suarta dirvą be krovinio yra racionalu abu priekabos varančiuosius tiltus išjungti, o vežant krovinį įjungti vieną priekabos varantįjį tiltą.
Work aim: To investigate a vehicle consisting of a tractor-trailer-wheel drive with the compatibility of kinematic, dynamic and economic indicators and the rational exploitation conditions. The work deals with a vehicle consisting of a tractor and trailer with wheel drive . Kinematic compatibility, dynamic and economic indicators ,when the trailer driwing axles is off and on. It was found that a motor vehicle while driving convergence field, the moisture content at a depth of 5 cm - 19.8%, hardness - 0.85 MPa, and hardness at a depth of 15 cm - 1.08 MPa, it is reasonable to activate only one trailer driving axle the drive (with drive to the rear axle). This single drive axle trailers activation produce positive results in driving the 4500 kg load or without load. Going through the tracks plowed soil without load is reasonable to both drive axles off the trailer and cargo transport trailers for the drive to activate a axle.

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Özel, Bülent Ferdi Doğru Harun. "Miringotomi uygulanan ratlarda farklı ajanların miringoskleroz gelişimi üzerine etkileri /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2004. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00141.pdf.

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Yılmaz, Nigar Vural Hüseyin. "Ratlarda kalori kısıtlamasının NMDA reseptör subünit konsantrasyonları üzerine etkisi /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2007. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00347.pdf.

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Rattka, Marta Małgorzata [Verfasser]. "Prokonvulsiva als pharmakologische Strategie zur Epilepsieprävention / Marta Małgorzata Rattka." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024503313/34.

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Kailer, Daniel. "Rated Tags as a Service - Konzept und Evaluierung." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-194695.

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Durch die wachsende Bedeutung des Onlinehandels und der Zunahme an Benutzer-generierten Inhalten werden neue Ansätze benötigt, um Konsumenten bei ihrer Entscheidungsfindung zu unterstützen. Wie Studien zeigen, werden im Onlinehandel häufig Kundenrezensionen und Gesamtbewertungen eingesetzt. Allerdings sind diese beiden Werkzeuge für die Entscheidungsfindung von Konsumenten nur begrenzt hilfreich. Gesamtbewertungen zeigen zwar eine oberflächliche Zufriedenheit der Kunden, geben jedoch keine Auskunft über die Bewertung bestimmter Produktaspekte, z.B. den Tragekomfort von Kopfhörern. Diese Aspekte werden von Kunden häufig in Rezensionen beschrieben, welche jedoch aufgrund ihrer unstrukturierten Weise nicht automatisiert aufbereitet werden können. Konsumenten sind daher gezwungen Rezensionen zu lesen und die darin diskutierten Merkmale manuell zu extrahieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet mehrere Beiträge zur Adressierung des oben genannten Problems und beschäftigt sich dabei mit der Konzeptionierung, Evaluierung und Dienst-orientierten Bereitstellung einer interaktiven Entscheidungshilfe für den E-Commerce. Zunächst wird anhand einer empirischen Untersuchung der umsatzstärksten Onlineshops aus Deutschland der aktuelle Einsatz von Social Media Features analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die o.g. Problematik von keinem untersuchten Onlineshop adressiert wird. Ein weiterer Beitrag ist der Entwurf sowie die prototypische Implementierung einer interaktiven Entscheidungshilfe mit der Bezeichnung Rated Tags. Rated Tags erlaubt die Benutzer-generierte Definition von bewertbaren Schlagwörtern (Tags) und kombiniert dabei Methoden aus den Bereichen Social Tagging und Bewertungssysteme. Eine nachfolgende Evaluierung des Konzepts im Rahmen einer Anwenderstudie zeigt, dass der Einsatz von Rated Tags die Entscheidungsqualität verbessern sowie den Entscheidungsaufwand von Konsumenten reduzieren kann. Zur Optimierung des Lösungsansatzes wird dann ein Ensemble-Klassifikator aus dem Bereich des überwachten Lernens zur semiautomatisierten Vereinheitlichung von semantisch ähnlichen Tags entworfen, prototypisch implementiert und evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse der Evaluierung zeigen, dass die Leistung des Klassifikators den aktuellen Stand der Technik übersteigt. Als Abschluss der Arbeit wird ein Modell mit der Bezeichnung Rated Tags as a Service vorgestellt, welches die Service-orientierte Bereitstellung des Rated Tags-Ansatzes für Onlineshops oder Bewertungsportale beschreibt.

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Shaffer, Jonathan Andrew. "Controlling personality tendencies: predicting observer-rated personality from the interaction between general mental ability and self-rated personality." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/737.

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Research has determined that measures of general mental ability (GMA) and personality are valid predictors of a wide range of work outcomes. Two of the most well established findings in the field of organizational psychology are that GMA and two of the Big Five personality traits, conscientiousness and emotional stability, predict overall job performance and training performance across all jobs. Though both GMA and personality are valid predictors of job performance, the validities of personality measures are much weaker than those observed for measures of GMA. Some argue that personality may play a larger role in predicting work outcomes than currently believed, but that current measures of personality do not capture the construct fully. Several researchers have attempted to increase the validity of personality measures by altering the items in the measures so that they refer specifically to work contexts, and others have examined the validity of observer ratings of personality. This study draws on the theory of cognitive buffering to test the possibility is that GMA itself that causes the impact of personality traits on real life performances to be limited. That is, that people may use their GMA to control the expression of their personality tendencies in their behavior. The results showed that GMA and personality interacted to predict peer ratings of personality, but not as initially hypothesized. Self-monitoring and personality also interacted to predict peer ratings of personality, but, again, not as hypothesized. Several possible explanations for the results of this study are discussed, including the notion that that individuals may make efforts to manage only those personality traits that are most relevant in given situations. Moreover, it may be the case that dispositions are less subject to the process of cognitive buffering than are emotions and affect. Limitations of this study and opportunities for future research are also discussed.

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Kolloju, Naresh Kumar. "Flexible and efficient exploration of rated datasets." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44028.

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Svedberg, Pia. "Factors of importance for self-rated health." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-607-7/.

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Emmelin, Maria. "Self-rated health in public health evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-226.

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Castro, Maria José Domingues de [UNESP]. "Efeitos da sinvastatina na prenhez de ratas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95853.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Devido ao aumento na taxa de óbitos relacionados à aterosclerose e AVC a sinvastatina tornou-se o medicamento eleito pelo SUS, por sua eficácia no combate às altas taxas de colesterol plasmático e diabete melitos. Enfermidades estas, decorrentes tanto de histórico familiar de hipercolesterolemia, quanto devido a hábitos de vida sedentária e de alimentação desregrada, que vem acometendo adultos jovens e mulheres em idade fértil; que já fazem uso de um ou mais medicamentos. Associado às vezes a uma gravidez não planejada, afetando também o feto. Inúmeros trabalhos têm sido feitos com o intuito de conhecer melhor sobre a atuação desse fármaco utilizado durante o período gestacional, tanto que, diversos medicamentos em princípio são contra indicados, principalmente nos primeiros três meses. Entretanto a sinvastatina, embora controversa a sua contra indicação, é o fármaco de escolha nos postos de saúde e essas jóvens mulheres grávidas estão fazendo uso dos mesmos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi o de fornecer maior embasamento a essa contra indicação. Foram utilizadas 24 ratas em período gestacional, onde desde o primeiro dia da prenhez confirmada as mesmas receberam por gavagem o fármaco manipulado pela farmácia de manipulação “A Especialista”. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: as ratas controle, que receberam óleo de amêndoas doce e as ratas que receberam 10, 20 e 40 mg/kg de sinvastatina diariamente. Os resultados foram plotados em planilhas do Excel e submetidos aos testes estatísticos não paramétricos e serviram para corroborar a contra indicação do fármaco pois houve aumento significativo do número de reabsorções fetais nos cornos uterinos comprometendo a prenhez, reduzindo o número de fetos gerados nas ratas que receberam 40 mg/kg, além de diminuir o peso e comprimento dos fetos em geral
Simvastatin is currently the medicine chosen actually due to hight atherosclerosis death index and its effectiveness in combating high rates of plasma cholesterol and diabetes mellitus. Diseases caused both by family histories of hypercholesterolemia as well, due to sedentary lifestyles and eating disorders, which are affecting young adults and women of childbearing age who, due to this family history, had used one or more drugs which interact intensifying their effect, .associated some times to, an unplanned pregnancy, and drug interaction, affecting both. Several studies have been done in order to learn and get better foundation about the actions of these drugs during pregnancy, so that several medications, in principle, are contraindicated. However simvastatin, controversial contraindication, is the choosen drug in health care, and those pregnant women with a family history of hypercholesterolemia are making use of them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to confirm this contraindication. The sample consisted of 24 female rats with confirmed pregnancy from day one. The entire sample received by gavage the drug - manipulated by the Specialist pharmacy. The animals were divided into four groups: 1. control (SC), where the rats received sweet almond oil and three other groups (S10, S20 and S40) where the rats received simvastatin 10, 20 and 40 mg / kg daily, respectively. The results were plotted in an excel spreadsheet and submitted to a nonparametric statistical test. They served to confirm our initial goal confirming the simvastatin contraindication drug due to uterin reabsortion increased number reducing little rats number, wheight and size. Thus compromising pregnancy

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Castro, Maria José Domingues de. "Efeitos da sinvastatina na prenhez de ratas /." São José dos Campos : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95853.

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Orientador: Leonardo Marchini
Banca: Luciane Dias de Oliveira
Banca: Márcia Sampaio Campos
Resumo: Devido ao aumento na taxa de óbitos relacionados à aterosclerose e AVC a sinvastatina tornou-se o medicamento eleito pelo SUS, por sua eficácia no combate às altas taxas de colesterol plasmático e diabete melitos. Enfermidades estas, decorrentes tanto de histórico familiar de hipercolesterolemia, quanto devido a hábitos de vida sedentária e de alimentação desregrada, que vem acometendo adultos jovens e mulheres em idade fértil; que já fazem uso de um ou mais medicamentos. Associado às vezes a uma gravidez não planejada, afetando também o feto. Inúmeros trabalhos têm sido feitos com o intuito de conhecer melhor sobre a atuação desse fármaco utilizado durante o período gestacional, tanto que, diversos medicamentos em princípio são contra indicados, principalmente nos primeiros três meses. Entretanto a sinvastatina, embora controversa a sua contra indicação, é o fármaco de escolha nos postos de saúde e essas jóvens mulheres grávidas estão fazendo uso dos mesmos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi o de fornecer maior embasamento a essa contra indicação. Foram utilizadas 24 ratas em período gestacional, onde desde o primeiro dia da prenhez confirmada as mesmas receberam por gavagem o fármaco manipulado pela farmácia de manipulação "A Especialista". Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: as ratas controle, que receberam óleo de amêndoas doce e as ratas que receberam 10, 20 e 40 mg/kg de sinvastatina diariamente. Os resultados foram plotados em planilhas do Excel e submetidos aos testes estatísticos não paramétricos e serviram para corroborar a contra indicação do fármaco pois houve aumento significativo do número de reabsorções fetais nos cornos uterinos comprometendo a prenhez, reduzindo o número de fetos gerados nas ratas que receberam 40 mg/kg, além de diminuir o peso e comprimento dos fetos em geral
Abstract: Simvastatin is currently the medicine chosen actually due to hight atherosclerosis death index and its effectiveness in combating high rates of plasma cholesterol and diabetes mellitus. Diseases caused both by family histories of hypercholesterolemia as well, due to sedentary lifestyles and eating disorders, which are affecting young adults and women of childbearing age who, due to this family history, had used one or more drugs which interact intensifying their effect, .associated some times to, an unplanned pregnancy, and drug interaction, affecting both. Several studies have been done in order to learn and get better foundation about the actions of these drugs during pregnancy, so that several medications, in principle, are contraindicated. However simvastatin, controversial contraindication, is the choosen drug in health care, and those pregnant women with a family history of hypercholesterolemia are making use of them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to confirm this contraindication. The sample consisted of 24 female rats with confirmed pregnancy from day one. The entire sample received by gavage the drug - manipulated by the Specialist pharmacy. The animals were divided into four groups: 1. control (SC), where the rats received sweet almond oil and three other groups (S10, S20 and S40) where the rats received simvastatin 10, 20 and 40 mg / kg daily, respectively. The results were plotted in an excel spreadsheet and submitted to a nonparametric statistical test. They served to confirm our initial goal confirming the simvastatin contraindication drug due to uterin reabsortion increased number reducing little rats number, wheight and size. Thus compromising pregnancy
Mestre

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COUTINHO, J. V. S. "TRIBUTILESTANHO PREJUDICA A MORFOFIOSLOGIA RENAL DE RATAS." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7886.

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O cloreto de tributilestanho (TBT) é um poluente organometálico que é utilizado como um biocida em tintas antivegetativas. O TBT induz vários efeitos tóxicos e de desregulação endócrina. No entanto, estudos que avaliaram os efeitos do TBT na função renal são raros. Este estudo demonstra que a exposição TBT pode causar prejuízos a função renal, bem como o desenvolvimento de anormalidades morfofisiológicas nos rins de mamíferos. Nós utilizamos ratas Wistar que foram tratadas com TBT para posterior avaliação da morfofisiologia renal. Foi verificado neste tratamento anormalidades morfofisiológicas como a diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular e o aumento dos níveis de proteinúria. Além disso, houve um aumento da inflamação, deposição de colágeno e maior expressão da proteína (α-SMA) foram observados nos rins das ratas TBT. Também foi verificado um desequilíbrio redox celular e apoptose no tecido renal dos animais tratados. As ratas TBT demonstraram redução dos níveis de estrogénio no soro e redução da expressão da proteína receptora de estrogênio (ERα). Dessa forma, estes dados fornecem evidência in vivo em que o TBT é tóxico para a função renal, e que esses efeitos podem estar associados com complicações renais histopatológicas. Palavras-chave: Cloridrato de tributilestanho, função renal, estrogênio, estresse oxidativo.

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OLIVEIRA, P. W. C. "Metformina reduz disfunção vascular em ratas ovariectomizadas." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7974.

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Tanto menopausa como a privação de estrogênio por ovariectomia estão relacionados à disfunção vascular. A metformina é um fármaco hipoglicemiante com efeitos pleiotrópicos ligados a melhoria do sistema cardiovascular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com metformina na função vascular em ratas ovariectomizadas. Ratos Wistar fêmeas, com 8 semanas de idade, foram ovariectomizados (OVX) ou sofreram cirurgia ficticia (SHAM) e após 21 dias foram divididos em 3 grupos e tratados durante 14 dias: SHAM (veículo), OVX (veículo) e MET (ratas OVX tratados com metformina, 300mg/kg/dia). Nestes animais foi estudada a reatividade vascular de relaxamento à acetilcolina (ACh) e ao nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS) no leito vascular mesentérico ex vivo. OVX teve prejuízo de resposta à ACh e MET reverteu parcialmente esse prejuízo (SHAM > MET > OVX). Em presença de L-NAME (100μM) essas respostas foram reduzidas e equalizadas, indicando que as diferenças iniciais eram devido a via do óxido nítrico (NO). A adição de indometacina (INDO; 10μM) em conjunto ao L-NAME não alterou a resposta já obtida somente com L-NAME, mostrando não haver participação significante de prostanóides nessa resposta. Ao mesmo tempo, não houve diferença entre os grupos na resposta residual em presença conjunta de L-NAME e INDO, que representa a resposta mediada pelo fator hiperpolarizante derivado do endotélio (EDHF). A inibição dos canais de potássio voltagem-dependentes (KV) por 4-aminopiridina (1mM), evocou maior redução de resposta à ACh no MET que no SHAM e OVX, enquanto a inibição da NADPH oxidase (NOX) por apocinina (APO; 30μM) provocou menor alteração de resposta no MET que nos outros grupo, indicando em conjunto um aumento do funcionamento dos KV e uma redução do estresse oxidativo via NOX, no grupo MET. O grupo OVX respondeu menos ao NPS que o SHAM o tratamento crônico com metformina reverteu este prejuízo. A inibição por APO não alterou a resposta ao NPS no SHAM, mas aumentou a resposta no OVX, igualando ao SHAM, indicando que esse prejuízo era relacionado ao estresse oxidativo. No grupo MET, a inibição por APO potencializou a resposta ao NPS. A expressão proteica da eNOS estava reduzida no OVX em relação ao grupo SHAM e a metformina foi capaz de restaurar a expressão da eNOS nos animais ovariectomizados. A expressão proteica da NOX2 estava aumentada no OVX em relação ao grupo SHAM e a metformina foi capaz de reverter esse aumento. Concluímos que a metformina melhora a função vascular em ratas OVX via NO, com aumento da ação do NO e da expressão da eNOS, além de maior participação dos canais KV na resposta vasodilatadora à ACh, e redução do estresse oxidativo derivado da NOX e da expressão da NOX2, sugerindo possuir potencial terapêutico para mulheres na pós-menopausa, entretanto mais estudos são necessários para confirmar este potencial. Palavras-Chave: ovariectomia, reatividade vascular, metformina, estresse oxidativo, oxido nítrico.

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Kingsford, Rachel. "Self-Rated Health and Community/Social Relations." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/98.

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This study was done to examine the relationship between self-rated health and social/community relations. Due to advances in modern medicine, multifactorial diseases are more prevalent than acute infectious diseases and a greater understanding of the impact sociological variables has on health is of great importance. In prior research, self-rated health has been demonstrated to be a robust predictor of mortality, even when controlling for other variables known to impact health. Presence of a strong social network and attachments to community have been shown to be protective of self-perceptions of health. The Health and Living study was conducted in the Bear River Health District located in northern Utah in 2004 utilizing a mail survey. The relationship between self-rated health and social network indicators in addition to community attachment variables was evaluated statistically. Demographic variables were also analyzed. Church attendance, number of friends, income, age, and education were found to be statistically significant.

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Kara, Aslıhan Çetin Hasan. "Yenidoğan ratlarda amikasine bağlı deneysel böbrek hasarı ve antioksidanların rölü /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2007. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00344.pdf.

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Plaza, Parrochia Francisca. "Efecto de la ausencia de fotoperíodo en la respuesta reproductiva del ratón de laboratorio (Mus musculus)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132684.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario
El ciclo de luz-oscuridad permite la regulación de múltiples procesos biológicos, entre los cuales se encuentra la reproducción. A través de las estructuras del tracto retino hipotalámico se logra detectar la secuencia de luz-oscuridad desde el ambiente. El núcleo supraquiasmático, que se encuentra en el hipotálamo, estimula la glándula pineal, que es la encargada de secretar la hormona melatonina, entre sus funciones está la regulación de los mecanismos involucrados en la reproducción, es así que en animales de estacionalidad reproductiva de días cortos la melatonina estimula la actividad gonadotrófica y al contrario en animales de estacionalidad de días largos. En la gran mayoría de los roedores la melatonina tiene un rol inhibitorio. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar cómo afecta la ausencia de fotoperíodo a la reproducción del ratón de laboratorio. Para estos efectos se utilizó una población de 35 parejas monogámicas de ratones Mus musculus de la cepa CF-1 en cada uno de los tratamientos de luz. Se usaron tres salas en forma simultánea, una con 24 horas de luz, otra con 24 horas de oscuridad y la tercera de 12 /12. Las mediciones efectuadas fueron: el tamaño de la camada al nacimiento y al destete, el peso de la camada al nacimiento y al destete, producida en dos pariciones consecutivas, así como también la duración del lapso interparto. Los resultados obtenidos determinaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a: El tamaño de camada al segundo nacimiento, el grupo de 24 horas de oscuridad presenta una mayor cantidad de crías en relación al grupo de 24 horas de luz. El peso de la primera y segunda camada al nacimiento y al destete, así como también el peso promedio de la camada al primer destete, obtuvieron los menores valores en el grupo de 24 horas de luz. Esto se podría explicar gracias a los hábitos nocturnos de este roedor. La mayor mortalidad observada fue de la primera camada del grupo de 24 horas de luz. En base a estos resultados se puede deducir que el ratón de laboratorio no es afectado negativamente en cuanto a su reproducción, por la melatonina, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con otros roedores. No se observan grandes diferencias en cuanto a los parámetros medidos entre los grupos de 24 horas de oscuridad versus 12/12. La diferencia radica en el grupo de 24 horas de luz, puesto que presenta un desmedro en cuanto a su reproducción, con un menor tamaño de la segunda camada, además de menores pesos, lo que es negativo productivamente. No se detectaron diferencias en el lapso interparto.

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Bacalla, Gabriel Leidy Stefanie. "Efecto del ibuprofeno y celecoxib sobre la fertilidad de ratas hembras." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2967.

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Objetivo: Determinar si el Ibuprofeno y Celecoxib disminuyen la fertilidad de ratas hembras. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Lugar: Bioterio de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Material biológico: Ratas Sprague-Dawley adultos de 3 – 4 meses de edad, con peso 150 ±20 g. no preñadas. . Métodos: Se realizó el seguimiento del ciclo estral del total de ratas, y se distribuyó aleatoriamente, en 3 grupos: Grupo Control (n=7): Suero fisiológico 0.1ml/100g; Grupo Ibuprofeno (n=7): Ibuprofeno 120 mg/kg/12h; Grupo Celecoxib (n=8): Celecoxib 20 mg/kg/12h. El tratamiento fue iniciado en diestro y se reunieron con los machos en estro del mismo ciclo, solo hasta cumplir 10 días. Luego se mantuvieron 10 días sin tratamiento y solas, al concluir 20 días fueron eutanizadas y expuestos los úteros. Principales Medidas de Resultados: se usó el porcentaje gestación y se evaluó el número de fetos a través de la media y el porcentaje de reducción. Resultados: En la evaluación de % de gestación, el ibuprofeno tuvo 28.6% y celecoxib 62.5% que fueron menores en comparación con el control 85.7%; en la evaluación del numero de fetos, el % de reducción fue en el ibuprofeno 76.2%, y en el celecoxib 59.9%, en relación al grupo control. Sin diferencia significativa entre los grupos ibuprofeno y celecoxib, tanto en el porcentaje de gestación como en el número de fetos. Conclusión: La administración por vía intragástrica de Ibuprofeno 120 mg/kg/12h y celecoxib 20 mg/kg/12h modifica negativamente la fertilidad en ratas hembras normales. No se encontró diferencia significativa entre Ibuprofeno 120 mg/kg/12h y celecoxib 20 mg/kg/12h sobre la fertilidad en ratas hembras normales. Palabras clave: rata, celecoxib, ibuprofeno, fertilidad.
--- Objective: Determine if ibuprofen and celecoxib reduced the fertility of female rats. Design: Experimental. Location: animal house, Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Biological material: Rats, Sprague-Dawley adult 3 to 4 months old, weighing 150 ± 20 g. not pregnant. Methods: monitoring the total estrous cycle of rats, and were randomized in 3 groups: control group (n = 7) 0.1ml/100g saline, ibuprofen group (n = 7): Ibuprofen 120 mg / kg/12h; Celecoxib group (n = 8): Celecoxib 20 mg/kg/12h. The treatment started in diestrus and came together with males in estrus the same cycle, only ten days. After 10 days remained untreated and alone, at the conclusion of 20 days were euthanized and the uterus exposed. Main Outcome Measures: We used the pregnancy rate and number of fetuses evaluated through the average and the percentage reduction. Results: The evaluation of % of gestation, ibuprofen was 28.6% and celecoxib was 62.5%, who were under the control compared with 85.7% in the assessment of the number of fetuses, the % reduction was 76.2% for ibuprofen, and 59.9% for celecoxib compared to the control group. No significant difference between ibuprofen and celecoxib groups, both in the pregnancy rate and the number of fetuses. Conclusion: The intragastric administration of ibuprofen 120 mg/kg/12h and celecoxib 20 mg/kg/12h adjust negatively normal fertility in female rats. No significant difference was found between ibuprofen 120 mg/kg/12h and celecoxib 20 mg/kg/12h on fertility in normal female rats. Key words: rat, celecoxib, ibuprofen, fertility
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Huitrón, Garay Perla Lizbeth. "Diferencias cerebrales en el autoconsumo y consumo inducido de nicotina en ratas Wistar." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/65864.

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El deterioro de la toma de decisiones es una de las características claves de la adicción, ya que la corteza prefrontal desempeña un papel importante en las funciones cognitivas implicadas en la toma de decisiones. La experiencia de vida y el ambiente influyen en el desarrollo de adicciones a las drogas principalmente en edades tempranas. La exposición a un ambiente enriquecido (AE) durante las primeras etapas de la vida reduce los efectos de las drogas de abuso y disminuye la vulnerabilidad a desarrollar adicción. En este trabajo se planteó conocer la respuesta de la corteza prefrontal ante la misma dosis de nicotina administrada de dos formas distintas: autoconsumo y consumo inducido en un ambiente estándar. Así como la respuesta de la corteza prefrontal y el núcleo acumbens ante el consumo inducido en un ambiente estándar y un ambiente enriquecido. Esto mediante la comparación del número de neuronas inmunoreactivas ΔFosB presentes en cortes realizados en la corteza prefrontal y núcleo acumbens, de animales criados y mantenidos en ambientes estándar y ambiente enriquecido a los cuales se les dio a beber o se les inyecto la misma dosis de nicotina durante 20 días.

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Bezerra, Juciléia Barbosa. "Administração de cloreto de mercúrio a ratas em desenvolvimento : efeitos sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas adultas de diferentes idades." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1215.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The bone tissue is influenced by internal and external factors and heavy metals, as mercury, are examples of external or environmental factors. The mercury chloride (HgCl2) when absorbed by human body, deposits in the bone and fat tissue and dislocates bones and muscles minerals to circulation, being able to provoke illnesses. In this study, Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: 3m, 6m, 9m and 12 months (12m) days of life. The animals were treated with HgCl2 or saline through gavage. The treatment began at 30 days of age, 5 times per week, during 60 days. The daily dose was of 0,3mg/Kg of body weight (BW) of HgCl2 and 0,1ml of saline/100g BW. After this period, the group 3m was sacrificed immediately afterwards by decapitation whereas the other groups had remained without treatment until they completed the desired age. The right femurs and vertebrae (L5) were removed for biometrics, physical and biomechanics analysis. The treatment with mercury chloride induced higher values of physical and biometric parameters in the 6m group and lower values in the 12m group and no odifications in the 3 and 9 m groups, when compared with saline treatment. Moreover, the treatment with CM promoted rats vaginal opening with 51 days of life in treated group whereas in the controls this opening occurred in 44,4 days of life.We concluded that the treatment with HgCl2, in the dose of 0,3mg/Kg BW retarded the age at the speed change of the growth of the animals, especially in 6m and 12m groups. Moreover, the HgCl2 promoted bone fragility in animals from 12m group, as can be observed by the analysis of the biometrics, physicals and biomechanics properties, in both femur and vertebrae. The treatment with CM still delayed the sexual maturity of rats.
O tecido ósseo sofre influências de fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos. Entre os fatores externos ou ambientais, encontram-se os metais pesados, como por exemplo, o mercúrio. O composto cloreto de mercúrio (CM - HgCl2) quando absorvido pelo ser humano, se deposita no tecido ósseo e gorduroso deslocando minerais nobres dos ossos e músculos para a circulação, podendo provocar doenças. Neste estudo, ratas Wistar foram divididas em 4 grupos: 3m, 6m, 9m e 12 meses (12m) de vida. Os animais tratados com mercúrio receberam HgCl2 e os controles, salina por gavagem gástrica. O tratamento iniciou-se aos 30 dias de vida do animal, 5 vezes por semana, durante 60 dias. A dose diária foi de 0,3mg/kg de peso corporal de HgCl2 e de 0,1ml de salina /100g de peso corporal. Após esse período, o grupo 3m foi sacrificado logo em seguida por decapitação enquanto que os demais grupos permaneceram sem tratamento até que completassem a idade desejada. Os animais tiveram seus fêmures direitos e vértebras (L5) retirados para análise dos parâmetros biométricos, físicos e biomecânicos. O tratamento com CM promoveu aumentos dos valores dos parâmetros físicos e biométricos no grupo 6m e redução no grupo 12m, e inalteração nos grupos 3 e 9 meses. Além disso, o tratamento com CM promoveu abertura vaginal das ratas tratadas com CM aos 51 dias de vida enquanto que nos controles essa abertura ocorreu nos 44,4 dias de vida. Concluímos que o tratamento com HgCl2, na dose de 0,3mg/Kg PC retardou a idade em que ocorre a mudança de velocidade do crescimento dos animais, especialmente nos grupos 6m e 12m. Além disso, a contaminação com mercúrio promoveu fragilidade óssea nos animais do grupo 12m, comprovada pela análise das propriedades biométricas, físicas e biomecânicas, tanto dos fêmures como das vértebras, além de atrasar a maturidade sexual das ratas.

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Orellana, Álvarez Carolina de Lourdes. "Comparación de la respuesta contráctil de ventas intrapulmonares pequeñas a uridina difosfato entre ratas con hipertensión pulmonar y ratas sanas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170923.

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Magíster en fisiología
La hipertensión arterial pulmonar (HAP) es una enfermedad crónica, progresiva y fatal. A pesar del desarrollo de nuevas drogas, continúa siendo incurable. Las tres vías de tratamiento farmacológico actual apuntan a la regulación del tono vascular pulmonar, sin embargo, no se ha considerado la posible participación del sistema de regulación purinérgica del tono, el cual ya es conocido por su contribución a la regulación de la vaso-actividad a nivel sistémico. La escasa bibliografía disponible que ha permitido iniciar la caracterización del sistema purinérgico a nivel pulmonar se refiere solo al nivel arterial, sin embargo, los vasos venosos intrapulmonares pequeños dan cuenta de cerca de un 20% de la resistencia vascular pulmonar, lo que hace de este un componente importante en HAP. Es por esto que nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la contracción de venas intrapulmonares pequeñas inducida por UDP y buscar el receptor sensible a UDP involucrado (P2Y6 o P2Y14 ). Registramos la contracción de venas intrapulmonares pequeñas (VIP) inducida por dosis crecientes de UDP en rebanadas de pulmón de ratas con HAP y ratas sanas; luego desarrollamos ensayos funcionales con agonistas y antagonistas específicos para los receptores P2Y6 y P2Y14 y finalmente evaluamos la expresión de dichos receptores a través de Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta (IFI). Nuestros resultados muestran por primera vez que el UDP es un agonista capaz de inducir contracción dependiente de concentración en VIP tanto en ratas sanas como HAP, en este último grupo se observa una contracción mediada por UDP de una magnitud mayor a la lograda en ratas sanas. Los estudios funcionales con agonistas específicos para cada receptor muestran contracción mediada por el receptor P2Y6 y en muy menor medida por el receptor P2Y14 en ratas sanas e interesantemente demostramos una hipercontractilidad mediada por UDP-Glucosa a través de su único receptor P2Y14 en ratas HAP. La IFI ratifica la presencia del receptor P2Y6 en músculo liso de ratas controles e hipertensas y consecuentemente con los estudios funcionales se demostró una mayor presencia del receptor P2Y14 en músculo liso de VIP de ratas con HAP en comparación a ratas sanas. Nosotros concluimos que es el receptor P2Y14 el que presenta una destacada participación en la fisiopatología de la HAP; esto debido a que su activación específica induce una respuesta hipercontráctil de las VIP en ratas enfermas, lo cual se ve respaldado por su mayor colocalización a nivel del músculo liso en la pared de VIP de ratas HAP. Esto nos permite pensar en el receptor P2Y14 como un nuevo target de acción farmacológica para el tratamiento de la enfermedad.

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Hiçyılmaz, Hicran Vural Hüseyin. "Ratlarda diyeter ceviz alımının hipokampüs NMDA reseptör subünit konsantrasyonları üzerine etkisi /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2007. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00346.pdf.

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Moreau, Mathieu. "Dépendance à l’alcool et Temporalité : du ratage à la rencontre inattendue." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7106.

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La rencontre clinique avec des sujets alcoolodépendants pose la question de l’inscription temporelle. Ce travail de recherche vise à explorer à travers plusieurs situations cliniques, les liens intimes entre l’identité, la mémoire et la subjectivité à partir d’un regard croisé entre philosophie, psychanalyse et phénoménologie. Plusieurs phénomènes rendent compte de l’altération de ces trois dimensions constitutives de l’être-là : des évènements traumatiques passés se télescopent avec le présent et ils obturent le futur, des troubles mnésiques énigmatiques comme les blackouts alcooliques posent la question du maintien de soi dans le temps, le présent vivant et porteur d’espoirs pour le futur se resserre sur l’instant froid, le sujet est plongé dans l’attente angoissée d’une rechute. La présence à soi et au monde se trouble et le présent devient inhabitable. Cette série de traits psychopathologiques n’est pas le fait de l’alcool mais elle résulte d’une organisation de la personnalité qui nécessite cette substance pour réguler son économie psychique. L’alcool constitue pour l’éthylique une manière de reconstituer le temps à travers « un squelette temporel » qui le protège des affres de la discontinuité des évènements. Il manque au sujet dépendant à l’alcool le décalage nécessaire pour qu’une temporalisation de son expérience puisse se déployer. Le travail psychothérapeutique d’orientation psychanalytique introduit l’écart nécessaire pour que le « Je » puisse s’ouvrir au mouvement réflexif et se reconnaître dans une histoire dont le sujet devient le quasi-personnage. La « décongélation » du psychisme du sujet dépendant à l’alcool s’appuie sur la co-construction d’une histoire au sein d’un espace suffisamment étayant et sécure pour lui
In clinical encounter with alcohol dependent subjects, inscription in time is questioned. Through several clinical situations, this research work aims to explore the links between identity, memory and subjectivity from a cross-section of philosophy, psychoanalysis and phenomenology. Several phenomena point out the alteration of these three parts of the Dasein: past traumatic events collide with the present and close the future, enigmatic memory disorders such as alcoholic blackouts question the self-identity in time, the living present and bearer of hopes for the future tightens on the cold moment; the subject is immersed in the anguished expectation of a relapse. Presence to oneself and to the world becomes troubled and the present becomes uninhabitable. This series of psychopathological traits is not the result of alcohol but is the result of a personality organization that requires this substance to regulate its psychic economy. Alcohol is for the patient a way of re-forming time through a “temporal skeleton” that protects him from the horrors of the discontinuity of events. The alcohol-dependent subject lacks the time lag necessary for a temporalization of his experience to unfold. The psychotherapeutic work of psychoanalytic orientation introduces the necessary gap so that the «I» can open to the reflexive movement and recognize itself in a story whose subject becomes the almost character. The «thawing» of the alcohol-dependent subject’s psyche is based on the co-construction of a story in a supporting enough and reassuring environment for him

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Matayoshi, Rodríguez Saori Denisse. "Efecto de la tartracina sobre el tejido cerebral y función cognitiva en ratas de segunda generación." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6151.

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Determina el efecto del colorante azoico tartrazina sobre el tejido de cerebro y cerebelo, así como en la función cognitiva en ratas de segunda generación. Para la realización de este estudio se emplea 12 ratas preñadas de 7 días de gestación, con un peso promedio de 257,5 g. y sus respectivas crías. Las ratas preñadas son distribuidas aleatoriamente en tres grupos y acondicionadas aclimatadas en jaulas, las cuales reciben los siguientes tratamientos por vía oral en sus bebederos: grupo I: solución glucosada, grupo II: solución de tartrazina 0,1%, grupo III: solución de tartrazina 1,0 %, el consumo es ad libitum. El tratamiento es efectuado durante la gestación hasta el destete de sus crías, (28 días de nacidas), luego las madres son retiradas y las crías reciben las respectivas soluciones que habían recibido de la madre. Concluido el tratamiento se realiza la prueba de Laberinto de Morris por cuatro días y se procede al sacrificio de los animales para evaluar los niveles de lipoperoxidación y GSH, además de cambios histopatológicos de tejido de cerebro y cerebelo. De lo observado en el presente estudio de investigación se infiere que la administración de tartracina produce un daño en la función cognitiva y el tejido cerebral (medidos por estrés oxidativo e histológico) en los tejidos de ratas de segunda generación en las concentraciones empleadas.
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Waller, Göran. "Self-rated health : from epidemiology to patient encounter." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Allmänmedicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-109404.

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Background: In epidemiology self-rated health is often measured as people’s subjective answer to a question “How is your health in general?” or “How is your general health compared to persons of your own age?”. The answers have a strong association with significant medical outcomes such as death, diabetes, coronary heart disease, functional ability and depression, medical diagnoses and how these are perceived. The overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate if and how a use of the epidemiologists’ tool of self-rated health might aid GPs in practising medicine with a holistic perspective, contextually sensitive and taking into account the patients’ medical and personal histories. Methods: In Paper I, I used semantics to elucidate the meaning of self-rated health. Data came from the Northern Sweden Monica Project 1990–1999. In Paper II, with data from the MONICA Project in 1999–2009, I used ordinal regression to investigate associations between self-rated health, medical factors, psychosocial factors and emotions. In Paper III, I used data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme 1990–2004 in Cox regression analyses to investigate the relationship between self-rated health and standard risk factors for the outcome myocardial infarction. Paper IV is a qualitative study from seven primary care health centres. Actual consultations were audio-recorded and analysed with systematic text condensation, measuring apportionment of speaking time and by taking into account GPs’ assessments of using a question about comparative self-rated health in a consultation. Results: In Paper I, I found “health” in questionnaires being understood not through definitions of health but through associations of the word “health” with “sense relations”, that are important connotations of the word “health”. Age-comparative self-rated health was semantically clearer as it pointed towards comparison with a reference group. In Paper II, emotions of anxiety or depression and discontent with personal economy were associated with lower self-rated health and were common in the population. Paper III established self-rated health as an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction when adjusted for standard risk factors. In the qualitative Paper IV, self-rated health affected consultations, increased patients’ speaking time in relation to doctors’ when discussing self-rated health and elicited reactions, sometimes with strong language. Reflections ensued that could give vivid descriptions of function, life circumstances and resources or obstacles in handling symptoms and illnesses. Conclusion: Comparative self-rated health constitutes a feasible tool in general practice, particularly in taking account of patients’ medical and personal histories. It is holistic, sensitive to psychosocial factors. It is useful to solicit information on risk and the patient’s feelings related to an illness/disease, and to encourage the patient’s active reflection on functional abilities, life situation, health and health strategies. However, self-ratings are not to be seen as a standard procedure in all consultations.

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Walker, Rosalind Ann. "Patient-rated seizure severity and adjustment to epilepsy." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2690.

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Studies have indicated that many, although by no means all, people with epilepsy have difficulty in adjusting to the disorder, manifest by higher rates of psychological and social problems than amongst the general population. A variety of neurological and environmental factors have been hypothesized to contribute to these consequences. It has been suggested that the severity of seizures may be an important factor in determining psychological and social well-being, but very little research has investigated this empirically. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the relationship between patient-rated seizure severity and adjustment to epilepsy. If greater seizure severity was associated with poorer adjustment, measurement of seizure severity might provide a suitable means of identifying those patients who could benefit from a psychoeducational intervention programme, and may also serve as a useful measure of treatment efficacy. In addition, the research considered the value of Wright's (1990) comprehensive conceptual model for the definition and assessment of adjustment, as much research in the area of adjustment to chronic illness has suffered from insufficient definition and difficulties with measurement. The results indicated that seizure severity was only weakly associated with psychological and illness-related measures of adjustment. These associations would not be sufficiently strong to allow the proposed use of seizure severity as an indicator of poor adjustment, although there may be some value in using this variable as a measure of treatment efficacy in addition to seizure frequency. The conceptual model of adjustment was found to be of value as a framework for guiding operationalisation and measurement of adjustment. Results tentatively confirmed the associations currently suggested within the model and further additions were proposed. Suggestions for future research are made.

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Gase, Zachary M. "Below-Rated Control of Swept-Blade Wind Turbines." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/225.

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Modelling studies have shown that 1.5 and 3.0 MW wind turbines with blade sweep have an increased annual energy production (AEP) of approximately 5% when compared to straight-blade wind turbines. The objective of the research was to further increase below-rated, variable speed, power capture when using swept-blades. When operating in the variable speed region, the turbine’s torque is proportional to the square of the generator speed, and k is the proportionality constant (T = kΩ 2 ). Initial studies indicated that the value of k needed to be lowered from the original value to increase AEP. This proved to be slightly beneficial for the 3.0 MW turbine but not for the 1.5 MW turbine. The optimal tip speed ratio was too high for both turbines and limited the ability to increase AEP. Original swept-blade chords were designed to fit a linear pattern for manufacturing purposes, but it is believed this is no longer a necessary constraint. The blades were redesigned to have a non-linear chord distribution, which is based on the Betz optimal design method, and the resultant increase in solidity proved to be the solution for slowing down the blades’ rotational speed. The change in chord design proved to be beneficial for both 1.5 and 3.0 MW wind turbines and had immediate, measurable increases to AEP. An effort to further increase AEP was then conducted by using an alternative torque-speed controller, which used a different equation to relate speed and torque. This method only resulted in an increase of AEP for the 1.5 MW turbine. In conclusion, the highest recorded AEP increases from straight-blade values were 6.9% and 8.9% for the 1.5 and 3.0 MW turbines, respectively. The 1.5 MW turbine benefited from the custom controller and redesigned chords, whereas the 3.0 MW turbine only benefited from redesigned chords.

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Morandin, Rosana Celestina. "Alterações da aorta em ratas portadoras de neoplasia." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310253.

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Orientadores : Korandin Metze, Rachel Lewinsohn
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A síndrome da caquexia tumoral é um distúrbio sistêmico muito grave que envolve alterações fisicas e metabólicas, podendo estar presente em até 80% dos portadores de tumor. Muitos órgãos e tecidos não acometidos diretamente pelo tumor podem apresentar alterações graves na síndrome. Os tecidos mais intensamente atingidos são o muscular esquelético e o adiposo. Embora haja uma vasta literatura sobre o assunto, estudos clínicos e experimentais sobre os vasos pré-existentes no hospedeiro são muito raros. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as possíveis alterações morfológicas e enzimáticas da aorta de ratos portadores uma neoplasia induzida pelo metil-colantreno (Sarcoma), nos estágios mais avançados da doença. Exames bioquímicos e hematológicos foram realizados para avaliar o perfil clínico dos animais. As constantes cinéticas da SSAO (Constante de Michaelis - Km e Velocidade Máxima - Vmax) foram calculadas utilizando-se a benzilamina como substrato. As análises morfológicas das aortas foram feitas através de medidas morfométricas e de estudos de ultraestrutura. Espessura da camada média, densidade de núcleos, diâmetro interno menor, área luminar e número de lâminas elásticas foram quantificadas. Os ratos portadores da neoplasia apresentaram sinais de um desgaste fisico generalizado, com baixo peso, anemia, hipoalbuminemia, hipoglicemia, distúrbios eletrolíticos e acidose metabólica. A V max da SSAO mostrou uma queda estatisticamente significativa de 35%, sem que houvesse diferença detectável no Km. A medida de espessura da camada média da aorta mostrou-se significativamente menor (Controle=50,04 :I:: 2,54 e Sarcoma=38,37:1:: 4,26 Jlm, pAbstract: Cancer cachexia is a systemic disorder composed by physical wasting features and metabolic disturbance. Although skeletal muscle and fat tissue are the most affected structures, atrophy of heart, spleen, liver and kidney has also been described. Clinical and experimental data about alterations due to cachexia of the pre-existing host vessels are rare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible morphological and enzymatic alterations in the aorta of rats bearing a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma (MCA) in advanced stage. Hematological and biochemical parameters were analysed in order to evaluate animal conditions. Lumen cross-sectional area, media thickness, lesser inside lumen diameter, elastic laminae number and nuclear density were the morphometric parameters measured in the aorta. Ultrathin sections were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) kinectics was determined by the deamination [14C] Benzylamine in homogenates ofrat aorta. Tumor bearing rats presented signs of general physical wasting with weight loss, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbance and metabolic acidosis. The SSAO VIDBX was 35 % lower in MCA aorta rats (pDoutorado
Anatomia Patologica
Doutor em Ciências Médicas

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Matos, Juliana Fernandes de [UNESP]. "Estudo da motilidade gástrica em ratas prunhes diabéticas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126448.

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Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que teve como objetivo compreender o desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas no aluno de graduação em Enfermagem e a atuação do professor neste processo de ensino aprendizagem considerando diferentes tipos de organização curricular. O referencial teórico utilizado foi pautado nos estudos de Braga e Silva para a compreensão da competência em comunicação no aprendizado e ensino da Enfermagem, e a Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin, como referencial metodológico. O estudo foi realizado em duas instituições públicas de ensino superior, situadas no interior do estado de São Paulo, que empregam metodologias de ensino diferenciadas; o Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, localizado no município de Botucatu e o Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, FAMEMA, localizado no município de Marília. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da perspectiva dos docentes e discentes do 2º e 4ª anos de Enfermagem, com o apoio de questões norteadoras por meio de entrevistas gravadas e formulários de auto-preenchimento, respectivamente. As questões éticas foram consideradas de acordo com a resolução 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde (CNS) e da Comissão Nacional de ética em Pesquisa (CONEP), obtendo parecer favorável da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, com número CAAE: 18459013.0.3001.5413 e parecer nº 417.358. Em seguida, o projeto de pesquisa foi submetido ao parecer do CEP da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, FAMEMA, obtendo aprovação com parecer nº 432.360. Nos resultados do estudo emergiram, na perspectiva dos docentes, as seguintes categorias temáticas sobre os fatores que influenciam no desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas nos graduandos de Enfermagem: a prática promove a aquisição de habilidades comunicativas; as características individuais dos estudantes; a utilização de...
This is a qualitative study aiming at understanding the development of communication skills in undergraduate Nursing students and their teachers' action in such teaching-learning process by considering different types of curricular organizations. The theoretical framework used was based on the studies by Braga and Silva in order to understand communication competence in Nursing teaching and learning. Content analysis according to Bardin was used as a methodological framework. The study was performed in two public institutions of higher education located in inner São Paulo state which employ differentiated teaching methodologies: the Undergraduate Nursing Program of Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, located in the city of Botucatu, and the Undergraduate Nursing Program Marília Medical School, FAMEMA, located in the city of Marília. Data were collected from the perspective of professors and students of the 2nd and 4th years of the Nursing Program, based on guiding questions by means of taped interviews and selfadministered questionnaires, respectively. Ethical issues were considered according to Resolution 466/12 by the National Health Care Council (Conselho Nacional de Saúde - CNS) and the National Research Ethics Committee (Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa - CONEP), thus obtaining approval by the Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, according to CAAE number: 18459013.0.3001.5413 and Process Number 417.358. Next the research project was submitted to evaluation by the Research Ethics Committee of Marília Medical School, FAMEMA, and approved according to Process Number 432.360. The following thematic categories concerning the factors that influence the development of communication skills in undergraduate Nursing students emerged in the results of the study, according to the professors' perspective: the practice promotes the development of communication skills; the students' individual characteristics; the use of active ...

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Matos, Juliana Fernandes de. "Estudo da motilidade gástrica em ratas prunhes diabéticas /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126448.

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Orientador: José Ricardo de Arruda Miranda
Banca: Madileine Francely Américo
Banca: Débora Cristina Damasceno
Resumo: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que teve como objetivo compreender o desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas no aluno de graduação em Enfermagem e a atuação do professor neste processo de ensino aprendizagem considerando diferentes tipos de organização curricular. O referencial teórico utilizado foi pautado nos estudos de Braga e Silva para a compreensão da competência em comunicação no aprendizado e ensino da Enfermagem, e a Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin, como referencial metodológico. O estudo foi realizado em duas instituições públicas de ensino superior, situadas no interior do estado de São Paulo, que empregam metodologias de ensino diferenciadas; o Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, localizado no município de Botucatu e o Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, FAMEMA, localizado no município de Marília. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da perspectiva dos docentes e discentes do 2º e 4ª anos de Enfermagem, com o apoio de questões norteadoras por meio de entrevistas gravadas e formulários de auto-preenchimento, respectivamente. As questões éticas foram consideradas de acordo com a resolução 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde (CNS) e da Comissão Nacional de ética em Pesquisa (CONEP), obtendo parecer favorável da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, com número CAAE: 18459013.0.3001.5413 e parecer nº 417.358. Em seguida, o projeto de pesquisa foi submetido ao parecer do CEP da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, FAMEMA, obtendo aprovação com parecer nº 432.360. Nos resultados do estudo emergiram, na perspectiva dos docentes, as seguintes categorias temáticas sobre os fatores que influenciam no desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas nos graduandos de Enfermagem: a prática promove a aquisição de habilidades comunicativas; as características individuais dos estudantes; a utilização de...
Abstract: This is a qualitative study aiming at understanding the development of communication skills in undergraduate Nursing students and their teachers' action in such teaching-learning process by considering different types of curricular organizations. The theoretical framework used was based on the studies by Braga and Silva in order to understand communication competence in Nursing teaching and learning. Content analysis according to Bardin was used as a methodological framework. The study was performed in two public institutions of higher education located in inner São Paulo state which employ differentiated teaching methodologies: the Undergraduate Nursing Program of Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, located in the city of Botucatu, and the Undergraduate Nursing Program Marília Medical School, FAMEMA, located in the city of Marília. Data were collected from the perspective of professors and students of the 2nd and 4th years of the Nursing Program, based on guiding questions by means of taped interviews and selfadministered questionnaires, respectively. Ethical issues were considered according to Resolution 466/12 by the National Health Care Council (Conselho Nacional de Saúde - CNS) and the National Research Ethics Committee (Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa - CONEP), thus obtaining approval by the Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, according to CAAE number: 18459013.0.3001.5413 and Process Number 417.358. Next the research project was submitted to evaluation by the Research Ethics Committee of Marília Medical School, FAMEMA, and approved according to Process Number 432.360. The following thematic categories concerning the factors that influence the development of communication skills in undergraduate Nursing students emerged in the results of the study, according to the professors' perspective: the practice promotes the development of communication skills; the students' individual characteristics; the use of active ...
Mestre

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39

Santos, Nivia Maria Santiago Araujo dos. "Efeitos cardíacos produzidos pela ovariectomia em ratas diabéticas." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9ESHMM.

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The present study evaluated the hypothesis that estrogen depletion may exarcebate the cardiac deleterious effect induced by diabetes in two different animal models: Sprague-Dawley (SD) and mRen2.Lewis (mRen), a strain that exhibits greater estrogen sensitivity. Material and Methods: The experimental design was similar for both animal models: ovariectomy (OVX) was performed between 10-11 weeks of age and diabetes subsequently induced one week later with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Our study was divided into two experiments: Experiment I (results obtained with SD rats) and Experiment II (results obtained with mRen rats). In Experiment I, part of diabetic animals received exogenous insulin (INS) in order to restore the hyperglycemic effects. SD rats were divided into 6 groups: CTL, STZ, OVX, OVX-STZ, STZ + INS, OVX-STZ + INS. In Experiment II, rats were divided into 4 groups: mRen CTL; mRen STZ; mRen OVX and mRen OVX-STZ. The potential beneficial cardiovascular effects of G-1, a selective agonist of a novel estrogen receptor GPR30, was evaluated in insulin and estrogen depleted mRen.Lewis rats. Hemizygous littermates were divided into 3 groups: CTL, OVX-STZ + vehicle and OVX-STZ + G1. Results: Experiment I - STZ rats showed an impaired systolic function (reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening), increased ejection time, reduced relative wall thickness and increased cardiac fibrosis. Depletion of estrogen did not change the diabetic deleterious effects on cardiac structure and function in OVX-STZ rats. Moreover, insulin replacement restored cardiac changes observed in rats that had concomitant diabetes and estrogen depletion (OVX + STZ-INS), suggesting that diabetes has a predominant effect on cardiac structure and function than ovariectomy; Experiment II: mRen OVX-STZ rats showed increased blood pressure levels, collagen deposition in the heart tissue and cardiomyocyte diameter when compared to rats that underwent ovariectomy or induction of diabetes alone. These changes were accompanied by an increased cardiac expression of AT1 receptor and a reduced cardiac expression of eNOS associated with lower NO levels in the heart. These effects were also observed in mRen STZ rats however only mRen OVX-STZ rats had increased AT1 to Mas receptor ratio, increased amount of Ang II remained in the left ventricle and increase in cardiac Nox2 expression. Thus, our study suggests that the phenotypic changes observed in OVX STZ rats are due to an additional effect of estrogen depletion and diabetes on the RAS and reactive oxygen species generation. Chronic treatment with G-1 slightly decreased elevated blood pressure and incidence of microinfarcts in diabetic ovariectomized mRen rats. Furthermore, cardiac expression of eNOS protein increased in G-1 treated rats. In contrast, G-1 did not affect cardiac AT1 receptor expression. Conclusion: the present study suggests that selective activation of a novel GPR30 receptor may prevent cardiac injury in estrogen and insulin depleted mRen2.Lewis rats by reducing blood pressure and preserving eNOS pathway.
Neste estudo testamos a hipótese de que a depleção do estrógeno exarcebe o efeito deletério cardíaco induzido pelo diabetes em dois diferentes modelos animais: normotensos - Sprague-Dawley (SD) e hipertensos - mRen2.Lewis (mRen), uma linhagem de ratos transgênicos que apresenta uma maior sensibilidade ao estrógeno. Materiais e Método: O delineamento experimental foi similar para os dois modelos animais: a ovariectomia (OVX) foi realizada nas fêmeas entre 10-11 semanas de idade e após uma semana parte dos animais recebeu uma injeção única de estreptozotocina (STZ) para a indução de diabetes tipo I. Dessa forma, o presente estudo foi dividido em 2 experimentos: Experimento I (resultados obtidos com as ratas SD) e Experimento II (resultados obtidos com as ratas mRen). No Experimento I, parte dos animais diabéticos receberam insulina exógena (INS) para a reversão do quadro de hiperglicemia. As ratas SD foram divididas em 6 grupos experimentais: CTL, STZ, OVX, OVX-STZ, STZ + INS, OVX-STZ + INS. No Experimento II, as ratas mRen foram divididas em 4 grupos experimentais: mRen CTL; mRen STZ; mRen OVX e mRen OVX-STZ. Além disso, a participação do novo receptor de estrógeno, GPR30, foi avaliada nas fêmeas mRen2.Lewis OVX-STZ através do uso de seu agonista específico, o G1. Para isso, as ratas foram divididas em 3 grupos experimentais: CTL, OVX-STZ + veículo e OVX-STZ + G1. Resultados: Experimento I - As fêmeas STZ apresentaram um prejuízo na função sistólica (redução na fração de ejeção e de encurtamento), aumento no tempo de ejeção, redução da ERP e aumento da fibrose cardíaca. A depleção de estrógeno não modificou os efeitos deletérios do diabetes sobre a função e estrutura cardíaca nas ratas OVX-STZ. Além disso, a reposição de insulina restaurou as alterações cardíacas observadas nas ratas que apresentavam a concomitante depleção de estrógeno e diabetes (OVX-STZ + INS), sugerindo que o efeito pronunciado do diabetes sobre a função e estrutura cardíaca mascara os possíveis efeitos induzidos pela ovariectomia; Experimento II: As fêmeas mRen OVX- STZ apresentaram um aumento nos níveis de pressão arterial, na deposição de colágeno no tecido cardíaco e no diâmetro do cardiomiócito quando comparadas às ratas que foram submetidas à ovariectomia e indução de diabetes isoladamente. Essas alterações foram acompanhadas de uma maior expressão cardíaca do receptor AT1 e de uma redução na expressão de eNOS que foi associada a menores níveis de NO. Esses efeitos foram também observados nas ratas mRen STZ, porém apenas as ratas mRen OVX-STZ tiveram um aumento da razão da expressão dos receptores AT1/ Mas, aumento da quantidade de Ang II remanescente no VE e da expressão cardíaca da Nox2. Dessa forma, nosso estudo sugere que as alterações fenotípicas observadas nas ratas mRen OVX-STZ são decorrentes de um efeito adicional da depleção de estrógeno e diabetes sobre o SRA e produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. O tratamento das ratas mRen OVX-STZ com o agonista do receptor GPR30 (G1) preveniu o efeito do diabetes sobre a produção de colágeno e reduziu o grau de hipertensão arterial. Além disso, a ativação do receptor GPR30 foi capaz de reverter a redução da expressão cardíaca da eNOS, sem alterar o efeito do diabetes sobre a ativação do SRA cardíaco. Conclusão: nossos resultados mostram que a ativação seletiva do novo receptor de estrógeno GPR30 nas ratas mRen2.Lewis previne os efeitos deletérios cardíacos observados com a concomitante ausência de estrógeno e insulina através da redução da pressão arterial e preservação da via da eNOS.

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Spear, Robert K. "Rated municipal bonds: an analysis, classification and extension." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82895.

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The purpose of this study was to (1) identify the variables important in analyzing a general obligation municipal bond's investment quality using improved statistical techniques, (2) develop models that accurately classify municipal bonds into investment quality versus non-investment quality using variables identified in the literature and by practitioners, and (3) evaluate the stability of the variables in predicting investment quality over time. A review of the literature revealed over 170 variables thought to indicate a bond's investment quality. Because banks hold a large percentage of municipal bond issues and some perform their own credit analysis, bond analysts were queried to determine what variables they use in making investment decisions. Eight logit models were developed. Four models were based upon variables identified in the literature; four by practitioners. With each group, models were developed using sized and non-sized variables and principal components developed from the raw variables as input. Data from a random sample of general obligation municipal bonds issued in 1982-1985 were used to evaluate the models. The non-sized PCA literature model correctly classified 96.47 percent of the sample municipal bonds. The sized PCA literature model correctly classified 91.49 percent; non-sized PCA practitioner, 92.47 percent; and the sized PCA practitioner, 88.30 percent. The models developed using raw data were, in all cases, less successful in classifying bonds as investment quality. The results for the non-sized raw data literature model was a correct classification of 92.11 percent; raw data sized literature model, 90.32 percent; raw data non-sized practitioner model, 87.36 percent; and raw data sized practitioner model, 85.06 percent. The most significant variables as seen in the eight models were CHGPOP and PERCAP. As noted, the literature models outperformed the related practitioner models. Also, the use of principal components as inputs improves the ability to classify the bonds. Lastly, the variables determinative of investment quality are not stable over time.
Ph. D.

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41

Medrano, Gallardo Giuliana. "Evaluación de la potencia de una vacuna contra Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis en ratones albinos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1556.

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La linfadenitis granulomatosa es una enfermedad de significancía económica en alpacas, la cual es causada por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, una bacteria gram positiva cuyo principal factor de virulencia es la exotoxina que es una fossolipasa D. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue probar la potencia de una vacuna elaborada a partir de precipitado proteico de C. Pseudotuberculosis, conteniendo la exotoxina, en un grupo de 20 ratones (grupo vacunado) quienes recibieron la vacuna y el inoculo con C. Pseudotuberculosis y compararlos con otro grupo de 20 ratones (grupo control) quienes recibieron placebo y el inoculo con C. Pseudotuberculosis. La inmunización del grupo vacunado con 16ug del precipitado proteico de C. Pseudotuberculosisindujo protección después de la inoculación intraperitoneal con 104 UFC de C. Pseudotuberculosis. La vacuna disminuyo los efectos tóxicos del C. Pseudotuberculosis, lo cual se observo con la disminución del numero y tamaño de abscesos de los animales del grupo vacunado (40%) comparado con las lesiones severas y generalizadas encontradas en los animales del grupo control (95%)que no fueron vacunados. Como parte de la metodología se desarrollo la técnica de PCR par la detección de C. Pseudotuberculosis en los animales con presencia de abscesos, en todos ellos salió positivo lo cual fue evidenciado con las bandas de DNA de 815bp demostrándose así q C. Pseudotuberculosis como agente causal de la infección.
Tesis

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Soyöz, Mustafa Özçelik Nurten. "Okratoksin A ve melatoninin ratlarda bazı serum ve karaciğer enzim düzeylerine etkisi /." Isparta : SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2002. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00086.pdf.

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Öztürk, Özlem Altuntaş İrfan. "Yaşlı ratlarda selektif ve non selektif cox inhibitörlerinin NMDA reseptör subunitlerine etkisi /." Isparta: SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2006. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00268.pdf.

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Demirdaş, Arif Eren İbrahim. "Ratlarda oluşturulan depresyonda venlafaksin tedavisinin hipokampüs beyin kaynaklı büyüme faktörü üzerine etkisi /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi,, 2006. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00299.pdf.

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Satorra, Marín Núria. "Núcleo pedunculopóntico tegmental y aprendizaje y memoria, en ratas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5480.

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El núcleo pedunculopóntico tegmental (PPTg) es un grupo de neuronas (predominantemente colinérgicas) situado en el tronco del encéfalo, que se ha implicado en diversas funciones cognitivas. No obstante, el papel que juega el PPTg en los procesos cognitivos no está del todo claro; por ejemplo, no se conoce si su influencia en estos aspectos depende del nivel de dificultad de la tarea, del número de opciones de respuesta disponibles de la misma o de su dependencia de los sistemas fronto-estriatales; por otra parte, no se sabe si su integridad es necesaria para la consolidación de la memoria. Para contestar a estas cuestiones, se ha realizado un trabajo compuesto por tres experimentos en el que se analizan los efectos de la lesión del PPTg sobre: 1) la adquisición del condicionamiento de evitación activa de dos sentidos (EV2), una tarea dependiente del estriado dorsal, en dos condiciones diferentes de dificultad, 2) la retención a largo plazo, al cabo de 10 días, de este mismo tipo de condicionamiento; y 3) el aprendizaje de dos tareas espaciales dependientes de los sistemas fronto-estriatales ventrales, que implican únicamente dos opciones de respuesta, y que difieren en cuanto a su grado de dificultad (la tarea de no-alternancia forzada o DMTP y la tarea de alternancia forzada o DNMTP, ambas en un laberinto en T). En el experimento I, los animales eran sometidos a lesión electrolítica bilateral del PPTg y posteriormente recibían dos sesiones de EV2 separadas por 10 días; la mitad de los sujetos eran entrenados con un estímulo condicionado (EC) de 10 segundos de duración (condición de baja dificultad) y la otra mitad con un EC de 3 segundos (condición de alta dificultad). En el experimento II, los sujetos recibían una sesión de entrenamiento en la tarea de EV2 de mayor dificultad e, inmediatamente después, eran sometidos a lesión electrolítica del PPTg; 10 días más tarde se evaluaba el nivel de retención de la misma. En el experimento III, se les realizaba a los animales una lesión química (con ácido iboténico) bilateral en el PPTg y posteriormente eran entrenados en una tarea de DMTP demorada 15 segundos y a otra de DNMTP demorada 15 segundos. Si alcanzaban el criterio de aprendizaje de esta segunda tarea, eran también entrenados en una tarea de DNMTP demorada 30 segundos. Los principales resultados de estos trabajos ponen de manifiesto que: 1) la integridad del PPTg es necesaria para la adquisición de la tarea de EV2, tanto en condiciones de alta como de baja demanda; 2) la participación de este núcleo no es necesaria para la retención a largo plazo de la EV2, ni siquiera en los primeros estadios del proceso de consolidación; 3) el PPTg participa en la adquisición de tareas espaciales dependientes de sistemas fronto-estriatales, incluso cuando implican dos únicas opciones de respuesta; 4) las variaciones en el nivel de demanda de la tarea influyen en el efecto deteriorante de la lesión del PPTg sobre la adquisición de la EV2 y de las tareas dependientes de sistemas fronto-estriatales, pero no son un determinante crítico para el mismo; y 5) los déficits observados tras la lesión del PPTg en la tarea de EV2 y en las dos pruebas espaciales (el DMTP y el DNMTP) no parecen ser atribuibles a cambios en la motricidad espontánea, en el nivel de motivación, en la reactividad emocional, ni en la sensibilidad al dolor; sino a un deterioro cognitivo que podía estar mediado por la alteración del funcionamiento córtico-estriatal.
The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) is a neuronal group (predominantly cholinergic) located in the brain stem, which has been involved in several cognitive functions. However, the role of the nucleus in these cognitive functions is not well understood. For instance, it is not known whether its influence on cognition depends on the level of difficulty of the task, on the number of response options available, or on its dependence of fronto-striatal systems. On the other hand, it is not known if its integrity is necessary for memory consolidation. In order to answer these questions, we have carried out a work composed of three experiments analyzing the effects of PPTg lesions on: 1) the acquisition of two-way active avoidance conditioning, a task that depends on dorsal striatal systems, under two conditions differing in task difficulty; 2) the long-term retention (10 days) of the same conditioning task; and 3) the acquisition of two spatial tasks that depend on fronto-ventral striatal systems, that involve only two response options, and that differ in their difficulty level (delayed matching-to-position task or DMTP, and delayed non-matching-to-position task, or DNMTP). In Experiment I, the animals were subjected to bilateral electrolytic lesions of the PPTg and were thereafter trained in a two-way active avoidance task (2 sessions separated by 10 days). Half of the subjects were trained using a conditioned estimulus of 10 second duration (low difficulty condition), while the other half were trained with a conditioned stimulus lasting 3 seconds (high difficulty condition). In Experiment II, the animals received a training sessions in two-way active avoidance under the high difficulty condition, and, immediately after this session were subjected to an electrolytic lesion of the PPTg. Long-term retention was tested 10 days later. In Experiment III, the animals were subjected to bilateral chemical lesions (ibotenic acid) of the PPTg, and were trained in a DMTP task with a 15-second delay, and in a DNMTP task with a 15-second delay. The animals that reached the learning criterion for the latter were trained in a second DNMTP using a delay of 30 seconds. The main results obtained in the present work indicate that: 1) the integrity of the PPTg integrity is necessary for the acquisition of two-way active avoidance in all the conditions tested; 2) this nucleus is not necessary for the long-term retention of two-way active avoidance, even in the first stages of the consolidation process; 3) the PPTg participates in the acquisition of spatial tasks that depend on fronto-ventral striatal systems even when they only involve two response options; 4) variations in task demand can affect the disruptive effects of PPTg lesions on the acquisition of two-way active avoidance and of spatial tasks that depend on fronto-ventral striatal systems, but they are not a critical factor in determining this disruption; and 5) the learning deficits observed after PPTg lesions do not seem to be attributable to changes in spontaneous locomotion, in motivational level, in emotional reactivity or in pain sensitivity; rather they seem to be induced by cognitive deterioration that could be mediated by the alteration of functioning of the cortico-striatal systems.

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46

Javangula, Harika. "Comparative Studies On Standard and Fire-Rated Gypsum Wallboards." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1331.

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The long term goal of this research is to improve the fire resistance of gypsum wallboard (GWB). Gypsum wallboard consists mainly of gypsum, i.e. calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO4•2H2O. In buildings, the chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of gypsum wallboard play an important role in delaying the spread of fire. To build a fire resistant GWB, it is very important to study the thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical properties of regular GWB and various types of fire-resistant wallboards available commercially in the market. Various fire-resistant GWBs have been compared and contrasted with reference to a standard wallboard in this study. Regardless of the type of wallboard, the main component is gypsum. The fire resistance property is mainly attributed to the absorption of energy related with the loss of hydrate water going from the dihydrate (CaSO4•2H2O) form to the hemihydrate (CaSO4•½H2O) and from the hemihydrate to the anhydrous form (CaSO4) in a second dehydration. The present paper is a comparative study of commercially available standard, fire-rated Type X and firerated Type C gypsum wallboards. Type X wallboards are typically reinforced with noncombustible fibers so as to protect the integrity of the wallboard during thermal shrinkage, while the Type C wallboards are incorporated with more glass fibers and an additive, usually a form of vermiculite. These Type C wallboards have a shrinkage adjusting element that expands when exposed to elevated temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize and compare the materials. Various properties, such as the heat flow, weight loss, dimensional changes, morphology and crystalline structures of the gypsum wallboards were studied using these techniques.

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Nolan, Michael Andrew. "Multiple-spell absences under an experience-rated sickpay scheme." Thesis, University of York, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239810.

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Kaufman, Russell L. "Preaching a biblical sexuality in an x-rated society." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Daugherty, Kate E. "Dyadic influences on self-rated health among older adults." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.

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Loso, Jesper. "Forecasting of Self-Rated Health Using Hidden Markov Algorithm." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142359.

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In this thesis a model for predicting a person’s monthly average of self-rated health the following month was developed. It was based on statistics from a form constructed by HealthWatch. The model used is a Hidden Markov Algorithm based on Hidden Markov Models where the hidden part is the future value of self-rated health. The emissions were based on five of the eleven questions that make the HealthWatch form. The questions are answered on a scale from zero to one hundred. The model predicts in which of three intervals of SRH the responder most likely will answer on average during the following month. The final model has an accuracy of 80 %.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ratada'

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