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Journal articles on the topic 'Ratchetting failure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Wang, Ziyi, Xiang Xu, Li Ding, Guozheng Kang, Ping Wang, and Qianhua Kan. "A new damage-coupled cyclic plastic model for whole-life ratchetting of heat-treated U75V steel." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 9 (June 9, 2020): 1397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789520930408.

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In the framework of continuum damage mechanics, a new damage-coupled cyclic plastic model is proposed to describe the nonlinear evolution of whole-life ratchetting and its dependence on the stress level. The characteristic that the damage evolution rate of U75V heat-treated steel decays in the initial load cycles is considered by introducing a modified term into classic damage evolution equation. A hybrid fatigue failure criterion considering both the fatigue and ratchetting strain-induced failures is established based on the fatigue failure rule concluded from experiments. Comparisons between simulated and experimental stress–strain hysteresis loops, ratchetting strains, damage evolutions, and fatigue lives are performed to validate the proposed model.
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2

Kang, Guo Zheng, Yu Jie Liu, and Qing Gao. "Uniaxial Ratchetting-Fatigue Interaction of Tempered 42CrMo Steel and its Failure Model." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.115.

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Uniaxial ratchetting-fatigue interaction of tempered 42CrMo alloy steel was observed by various cyclic stressing tests at room temperature. The ratchetting deformation and low cycle fatigue (LCF) property of the material as well as their interaction occurred in cyclic stressing were discussed. It is shown that progressive ratchetting deformation causes the decrease of fatigue life, and the fatigue life of the material depends greatly upon the applied mean stress, stress amplitude, maximum stress and stress ratio. Since tempered 42CrMo steel presents significant cyclic softening feature, a tertiary ratchetting is observed. Based on the experimental results, a simple and reasonable failure model convenient to engineering application was constructed to predict the fatigue life of the material in uniaxial cyclic stressing. The basic variables of the model are maximum stress and stress ratio, and the effect of cyclic softening feature on the ratcheting-fatigue interaction is also included in the model by introducing a new variable. It is shown that the predicted lives are in fairly good agreement with the experimental ones.
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3

Lin, J., F. P. E. Dunne, and D. R. Hayhurst. "Approximate method for the analysis of components undergoing ratchetting and failure." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324981512814.

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An approximate method has been presented for the design analysis of engineering components subjected to combined cyclic thermal and mechanical loading. The method is based on the discretization of components using multibar modelling which enables the effects of stress redistribution to be included as creep and cyclic plasticity damage evolves. Cycle jumping methods have also been presented which extend previous methods to handle problems in which incremental plastic straining (ratchetting) occurs. Cycle jumping leads to considerable reductions in computer CPU (central processing unit) resources, and this has been shown for a range of loading conditions. The cycle jumping technique has been utilized to analyse the ratchetting behaviour of a multibar structure selected to model geometrical and thermomechanical effects typically encountered in practical design situations. The method has been used to predict the behaviour of a component when subjected to cyclic thermal loading, and the results compared with those obtained from detailed finite element analysis. The method is also used to analyse the same component when subjected to constant mechanical loading, in addition to cyclic thermal loading leading to ratchetting. The important features of the two analyses are then compared. In this way, the multibar modelling is shown to enable the computationally efficient analysis of engineering components.
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4

Ringsberg, J. W. "Cyclic ratchetting and failure of a pearlitic rail steel." Fatigue Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 23, no. 9 (September 2000): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2000.00336.x.

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5

Tomizawa, Yusuke, Takehito Suzuki, Katsuhiko Sasaki, Ken-Ichi Ohguchi, and Daisuke Echizenya. "Biaxial Ratchetting Deformation of Solders Considering Halt Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 725 (December 2016): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.299.

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Recently, Halt (Highly accelerated limit test) is widely employed for evaluation of reliability of electronic products. Halt condition is quite severe. The tested products are subjected to mechanical impacts, thermal shock, and vibration at same time. However, there has not been a reasonable and accurate evaluation method for Halt yet. To construct an accurate evaluation method of Halt, basic deformation mechanism of parts of the electronic products should be clarified from both experimental and theoretical points of view. In this paper, focusing on solder joints of circuit boards of electronic products, ratchetting deformation, especially, biaxial ratchetting deformation of solder joints is revealed from both experimentally and theoretically. The authors have already conducted biaxial ratchetting test combining axial and torsional cyclic loading using a tubular specimen of Type 304 stainless steel. However, as for solders, it is difficult to make tubular specimen. Since size of the solder joints is micron, a small size joint specimen of copper tube and solder is employed in this paper. First, to confirm the quality of the joint specimen such as boundary between copper and solder, both the tensile and cyclic loading tests are conducted at several temperatures using Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu. The basic characteristic of tensile and fatigue failure is obtained from these tests. After the confirmation of the accuracy of the joint specimen, biaxial ratchetting tests are conducted superposing the tensile load on cyclic torsion. The biaxial ratchetting tests are conducted using a biaxial loading testing machine developed for the joint specimens of solder and copper.
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6

LIU, Y., G. KANG, and Q. GAO. "Stress-based fatigue failure models for uniaxial ratchetting–fatigue interaction." International Journal of Fatigue 30, no. 6 (June 2008): 1065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.08.005.

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7

Mandal, Nirmal Kumar, and M. Dhanasekar. "Sub-modelling for the ratchetting failure of insulated rail joints." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 75 (October 2013): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2013.06.003.

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8

Liu, Yujie, Guozheng Kang, and Qing Gao. "A multiaxial stress-based fatigue failure model considering ratchetting–fatigue interaction." International Journal of Fatigue 32, no. 4 (April 2010): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.10.006.

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9

Howell, M. B., C. A. Rubin, and G. T. Hahn. "The Effect of Dent Size on the Pressure Distribution and Failure Location in Dry Point Frictionless Rolling Contacts." Journal of Tribology 126, no. 3 (June 28, 2004): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1692053.

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Finite element simulation is performed for rolling contact over four different size spherical dents. Two rolling contacts are simulated using a portion of a sphere as a counter-face to the dented half-space. The effect of dent size on the pressure distribution and fatigue failure location for dry point contact is studied. The material model used was adjusted to match both the stress amplitude versus strain range curve and ratchetting experimental data for 52100 bearing steel.
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10

Yahiaoui, K., D. G. Moffat, and D. N. Moreton. "Single frequency seismic loading tests on pressurized branch pipe intersections machined from solid." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 28, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v283197.

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Four CNC machined, equal-thickness branch pipe intersections ( dm/ Dm = 1 and 0.746) have been tested under conditions of internal pressure, simulated seismic loading that induced resonant in-plane run pipe bending and, in one case, a superimposed gravity stress. The manufacturing method and testing conditions are described and the behaviour of the branches is reported. The strain responses of the components show that ratchetting is clearly significant while the response moment data suggest that collapse may not be the failure mechanism under these loading conditions. Failure for all components occurred by cracks on the flanks in the branch hoop stress direction just above the junction.
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11

Liu, J., E. M. Kopalinsky, and P. L. B. Oxley. "An investigation of the roles of crack initiation, propagation and ratchetting in producing wear in metallic sliding contacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 214, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406001522813.

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Experiments are described in which the edge of a hard wedge is loaded against the periphery of a rotating disc of softer specimen material. The normal and frictional forces and inward movement of the wedge as the disc wears are continually monitored throughout a test. The results obtained are used together with measurements of the wearing surfaces of metallographic sections to test a newly proposed wear model. In this model it is assumed that ratchetting causes failure of the surface and hence the production of wear particles, while low-cycle fatigue determines the crack propagation rate and hence the wear rate.
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12

Benhaddou, Mohammed, M. Abbadi, and M. Ghammouri. "Low Cycle Fatigue Study of AISI 316L Cardiovascular Stent for Two Different Designs." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 37 (June 2018): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.37.55.

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The main originality of this work consists in investigating low cycle fatigue of AISI 316L cardiovascular stents under hypertensive loading. For this purpose, two geometries of stents are expanded to various diameters and subjected to hypertensive blood pressure. Based on a combination between the fatigue parameter of Jiang-Sehitoglu and the relationship of Coffin-Manson, a numerical model for the prediction of the number of cycles to crack failure is developed. The stent is found to exhibit a fatigue life reduction with the increase of the expansion diameter due to ratchetting strain. In addition, the location of the failure is independent on the design. However, the U-shape strut permits a better distribution of pressure over the stent strut resulting in a longer fatigue life as compared to the Ω-shape.
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13

Ding, Jun, Guo Zheng Kang, Yi Lin Zhu, and Min Hao Zhu. "Finite Element Simulation of Bending Fretting Fatigue Considering Ratchetting and Cyclic Hardening." Key Engineering Materials 535-536 (January 2013): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.535-536.197.

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Based on a simplified equivalent 2-D plane strain finite element model, the bending fretting fatigue process of 316L stainless steel is simulated numerically by ABAQUS code. In this simulation, the effect of ratchetting on the fretting fatigue process is discussed by implementing an advanced cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model for cyclic hardening materials into ABAQUS code as a user material subroutine (UMAT). From the numerical simulation, the effect of bending loads on the bending fretting fatigue of 316L stainless steel is addressed, and then the failure lives are predicted by using Smith-Watson-Topper critical plane criteria. Comparison with the corresponding experiments shows that the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
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14

Yang, Xianjie. "A unified time dependent model for low cycle fatigue and ratchetting failure based on microcrack growth." Nuclear Engineering and Design 237, no. 12-13 (July 2007): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.09.032.

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15

Kang, Guozheng, and Yujie Liu. "Uniaxial ratchetting and low-cycle fatigue failure of the steel with cyclic stabilizing or softening feature." Materials Science and Engineering: A 472, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.03.029.

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16

Zhang, Jun, Hui Li, Hai-Yu Li, and Xin-Li Wei. "Uniaxial ratchetting and low-cycle fatigue failure behaviors of adhesively bonded butt-joints under cyclic tension deformation." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 95 (December 2019): 102399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.102399.

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17

Skoczen, B. "Generalization of the Coffin Equations With Respect to the Effect of Large Mean Plastic Strain." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2806825.

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Introduction of a correction factor accounting for large mean plastic strain to the kinetic law for the rate of damage per cycle is proposed. Integration of the corrected kinetic damage law under the assumption of a stable hysteresis loop (constant strain amplitude, constant mean plastic strain) leads to a generalized Coffin-Manson formula. The formula is useful for calculation of the fatigue life of structures after transition of transient ratchetting to the plastic shakedown state. Integration of the damage law is performed also for the case of superimposed cyclic and monotonic strain. The results of calculations are compared with the experimental results reported by Coffin (1970) and described by the author using a quasilinear criterion. An improved fatigue failure criterion for this case is presented and a good convergence with the results of tests for Nickel A samples is shown.
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18

Lee, Kuo-Long, Yu-Chun Tsai, and Wen-Fung Pan. "Mean curvature effect on the response and failure of round-hole tubes submitted to cyclic bending." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 11 (November 2021): 168781402110622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211062273.

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This paper presents an experiment and analysis to investigate the response and failure of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy round-hole tubes with different hole diameters of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm subjected to cyclic bending at different curvature ratios of −1.0, −0.5, 0.0, and +0.5. The curvature ratio is defined as the minimum curvature divides by the maximum curvature. Four different curvature ratios are employed to highlight the mean curvature effect. It can be seen from the experimental results that the moment-curvature relationships gradually relax and become steady states after a few bending cycles for curvature ratios of −0.5, 0.0, and +0.5. The ovalization-curvature relationship depicts an asymmetrical, ratchetting and increasing as the number of bending cycles increases for all curvature ratios. In addition, for each hole diameter, the relationships between the curvature range and the number of bending cycles necessary to initiate failure on double logarithmic coordinates display four almost-parallel straight lines for four different curvature ratios. Finally, this paper introduces an empirical formula to simulate the above relationships. By comparing with experimental results, the analysis can reasonably describe the experimental results.
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19

Mandal, Nirmal Kumar. "Ratchetting damage of railhead material of gapped rail joints with reference to free rail end effects." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409715625361.

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Free ends of insulated rail joints occur because gaps between the rails and endposts can be created due to pull-apart problems as the rails contract longitudinally in winter and by degradation of railhead material. Dynamic behaviour of gapped rail joints changes adversely compared to that of insulated rail joints. Thus, material degradation and damage of gapped rail joint components such as rail ends, joint bars, etc. are accelerated. Only limited literatures are available addressing the free end of rail effects at rail joints, targeting stress and pressure distributions in the vicinity of the rail joints. To understand clearly the material degradation and delamination process of gapped rail joints, a thorough analysis of failure of both insulated rail joints and gapped rail joints and subsequent damage of the railhead material is necessary to improve the service life of these joints. A new three-dimensional finite element analysis is carried out in this paper to assess damage to railhead material when gapped rail joints form. Both narrow (5 mm) and wide (10 mm) gaps are considered, using a peak vertical pressure load of 2500 MPa applied cyclically at one rail end, forming vertical impacts. Stress distributions and plastic deformations in the vicinity of gapped rail joints are quantified using finite element analysis data and compared with that of the insulated rail joints to show the effects of free rail ends. Residual stress and strain distributions indicate the damage to the railhead material. Equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) quantifies the progressive damage to the railhead material at the rail ends. The free end of rail effects can be further illustrated by comparing PEEQ for insulated rail joints and gapped rail joints. The railhead material of 5 and 10 mm gapped rail joints is more sensitive to permanent deformation compared to that of the corresponding insulated rail joints. Therefore, free rail end joints pose an increased potential threat to rail operations in relation to crack initiation, damage and premature failure of railhead material.
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20

Song, Di, Guozheng Kang, Qianhua Kan, Chao Yu, and Chuanzeng Zhang. "Non-proportional multiaxial whole-life transformation ratchetting and fatigue failure of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy micro-tubes." International Journal of Fatigue 80 (November 2015): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.06.028.

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21

Zhang, Jun, Hong Jia, Hui Li, and Hai-Yu Li. "Investigation on the uniaxial ratchetting and fatigue failure behaviors of silicone seal adhesive bonded butt-joints under tensile and torsional cyclic loading." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 99 (June 2020): 102588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.102588.

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22

Fletcher, D. I., and J. H. Beynon. "Equilibrium of crack growth and wear rates during unlubricated rolling-sliding contact of pearlitic rail steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 214, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409001531360.

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It is generally accepted that large rolling contact fatigue cracks in rails do not develop during unlubricated rolling-sliding contact, and damage under these conditions is restricted to wear of the rail steel. However, close examination of a worn rail steel surface reveals the presence of a multitude of wear flakes, the roots of which closely resemble shallow rolling contact fatigue cracks. Experiments have been conducted under unlubricated rolling-sliding conditions to examine the early development of flakes, or cracks, using a laboratory-based, twin-disc test machine to simulate the contact pressure and slip characteristic of the contact between a rail and a locomotive driving wheel. Small defects were found after as few as 125 unlubricated contact cycles. It was found that an equilibrium between crack growth rate and surface wear rate was established after approximately 10 000 cycles, leading to a shallow steady state crack depth. Initial crack growth by ratchetting (accumulation of unidirectional plastic strain until the critical failure strain of the material is reached), followed by shear stress-driven crack growth described by fracture mechanics, was found to be a sequence of mechanisms in qualitative agreement with the observed crack growth and steady state crack depth.
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23

Ettles, C. M., J. Seyler, and M. Bottenschein. "Some Effects of Start-Up and Shut-Down on Thrust Bearing Assemblies in Hydro-Generators." Journal of Tribology 125, no. 4 (September 25, 2003): 824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1576428.

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The modernization of hydro-generators can involve the analysis of many different manufacturer’s designs of thrust bearings. Recent designs of bearing in common use are very reliable, but when failures do occur, it is often with older machines and within the first few minutes of start-up. This paper is a result of general design studies of various thrust bearing configurations subjected to transient operating conditions. It is shown that transient effects can induce an ‘overshoot’ of thermal deformation which can become unstable, leading to ‘thermal ratchetting.’ Examples are given of pads of various manufacturer’s bearings that have been subjected to this mechanism. Results from operating turbines, basic studies and measurements of the thermal bending of plates indicate that a peak deflection occurs well before thermal equilibrium is attained. The peaking phenomenon may be obscured in some designs or in cases where the run-up is gradual. The beneficial effects of using an oil-lift system during start-up are described. During shut-down it is important that the contact of hot, crowned pads against the runner be prevented. Minimum times for operation of the lift system are suggested, based on the thickness of the pads.
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24

Skamniotis, Christos, and Alan C. F. Cocks. "Ratchetting and creep failure in twin-wall turbine blades experiencing severe thermal and centrifugal loading." Journal of Applied Mechanics, July 13, 2022, 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4054968.

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Abstract Twin-wall structures can be cooled both externally and internally, raising great potential for use in high temperature applications. However, their increased geometric complexity imposes a range of potential failure mechanisms for consideration in design. The primary aim of this study is to identify the nature of such mechanisms by constructing Bree type interaction diagrams for idealised double wall systems under cyclic thermomechanical loading which show the combination of loading conditions for which cyclic plasticity (leading to fatigue failure)-creep-ratchetting occur. Through an extension of the classical Bree analysis we determine analytical boundaries between different regimes of behaviour. We also quantify the effects of wall thickness ratio, temperature field as well as yield and creep material properties. Local cyclic plasticity is shown to dominate over structural/global ratchetting when the yield strength reduces with temperature and/or when the temperature gradient through the hot wall thickness dominates over the temperature difference between the walls. Thus, we conclude that global ratchetting is unlikely to occur in the practical loading range of Nickel based twin-wall turbine blades, but instead these systems suffer from local fatigue at cooling holes and excessive creep deformation. This is verified by 3D cyclic Finite Element (FE) simulations, demonstrating that the analytical approach provides a powerful, cost-effective strategy for: providing physical insight into possible deformation mechanisms in a range of thin-walled components; highlighting the key trade-offs to be considered in design; and directing the use of computer methods towards more detailed calculations.
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25

Susmel, Luca, Giovanni Meneghetti, and Bruno Atzori. "A Simple and Efficient Reformulation of the Classical Manson–Coffin Curve to Predict Lifetime Under Multiaxial Fatigue Loading—Part II: Notches." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 131, no. 2 (March 9, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3078299.

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The present study is concerned with the use of the modified Manson–Coffin curve method to estimate the lifetime of notched components subjected to multiaxial cyclic loading. The above criterion postulates that fatigue strength under complex loading paths can efficiently be evaluated in terms of maximum shear strain amplitude, provided that the reference Manson–Coffin curve used to predict the number of cycles to failure is defined by taking into account the actual degree of multiaxiality/nonproportionality of the stress/strain state damaging the assumed crack initiation site. The accuracy and reliability of the above fatigue life estimation technique was checked by considering about 300 experimental results taken from the literature. Such data were generated by testing notched cylindrical samples made of four different metallic materials and subjected to in-phase and out-of-phase biaxial nominal loading. The accuracy of our criterion in taking into account the presence of nonzero mean stresses was also investigated in depth. To calculate the stress/strain quantities needed for the in-field use of the modified Manson–Coffin curve method, notch root stresses and strains were estimated by using not only the well-known analytical tool due to Köttgen et al. (1995, “Pseudo Stress and Pseudo Strain Based Approaches to Multiaxial Notch Analysis,” Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 18(9), pp. 981–1006) (applied along with the ratchetting plasticity model devised by Jiang and Sehitoglu (1996, “Modelling of Cyclic Ratchetting Plasticity, Part I: Development and Constitutive Relations. Transactions of the ASME,” ASME J. Appl. Mech., 63, pp. 720–725; 1996, “Modelling of Cyclic Ratchetting Plasticity, Part I: Development and Constitutive Relations,” Trans. ASME J. Appl. Mech., 63, pp. 720–725)) but also by taking full advantage of the finite element method to perform some calibration analyses. The systematic use of our approach was seen to result in estimates falling within an error factor of about 3.
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26

"Automated procedures for the determination of high temperature viscoplastic damage constitutive equations." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences 437, no. 1901 (June 8, 1992): 527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1992.0078.

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Methods have been developed for the determination of the material parameters in the Chaboche viscoplasticity model, and in the evolution equation for cyclic plasticity damage. The matrix of cyclic plasticity tests required for parameter determination consists of nine tests to be carried out for three strain ranges, and for each strain range, three strain rates. A programme of uni-axial cyclic plasticity tests has been carried out on cast copper (nominal composition: 99.99% Cu, 0.005% O 2 , B. S. 1035-1037) at strain ranges ± 0.3%, ± 0.6%, and ± 1.0%, each at strain rates 0.6% s -1 , 0.06% s -1 , and 0.006% s -1 . The matrix of tests has been carried out at each of the following temperatures: 20, 50, 150, 250 and 500 °C. At elevated temperature, strain rate has been found to have a significant effect on specimen lifetime. Low strain rates lead to increased creep damage evolution at high temperature, and hence lead to reduced cycles to failure. Cast copper has been found to be a rate sensitive material at temperatures above 150 °C. No strain rate effect was observed at temperatures below 150 °C. Ratchetting tests have been carried out at 20, 150, 250 and 500 °C. The effect of mean stress and stress rate on ratchet rates and lifetimes has been examined. Mean stresses of the order of 1 % of the applied stress range have been found to lead to significant ratchet rates for this material, resulting in failure by plastic collapse at elevated temperature. The methods presented for the determination of the material parameters and the results of the cyclic plasticity testing programme have enabled the viscoplastic damage model to be developed.
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