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Journal articles on the topic 'Rate and intensity of burning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gouldin, F. C. "Combustion intensity and burning rate integral of premixed flames." Symposium (International) on Combustion 26, no. 1 (1996): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80239-6.

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2

Gunaryo, Gunaryo, Anggaria Maharani, Anggito Budiman, Satria Aqilla Widyatama, Elda Pratita, and Shella Athaya Miwazuki. "Yellow-Flare Performance Improvement of PVC Addition into Mg-Sodium Nitrate-Based Pyrotechics." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies 3, no. 2 (2024): 66–71. https://doi.org/10.55749/ijcs.v3i2.60.

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Light pyrotechnics is one strategic defence equipment for civil and military purposes. Additives act as one of the factors that affect the flame in pyrotechnics. Additives were used to slow down the combustion rate so that the flare could burn for a long time without drastically reducing the flame performance of the flare. This study focused on the performance of pyrotechnic flames with variations of PVC as a density-increasing material because it was in the form of a polymer and had high-chlorine content, resulting in a mixture that is difficult to burn. The experiment results exhibited that

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3

Nagovitsyn, Roman, Elena Chelnokova, Olga Vaganova, Zhanna Smirnova, and Maxim Kutepov. "Calorimetry of students’ heart rate during exercises of various intensity." BIO Web of Conferences 26 (2020): 00033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202600033.

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The purpose of the study: based on data analysis, to develop a formula for calorimetry of students’ heart rate during physical activity and experimentally prove the effectiveness of its application in the training process. The study participants (n=98) were divided by body weight into groups (n=7), regardless of gender and age (20-25 years). Various mobile devices with the function of heart rate calculation and monitoring of kilocalories burning were used in the implementation of control physical activities at different levels of intensity. Analysis of the obtained calorimetric data for each g

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4

Wang, Yi-kai, Ming-xing Zhang, Fei-fan Liu, Jin-shuang Tang, and Chen-guang Zhu. "Effect of Mg-Al ratio on the combustion and infrared radiation properties of Al-Mg alloy/PTFE composition." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 3 (2023): 032023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/3/032023.

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Abstract The effects of Al-Mg alloys with different Mg/Al ratios on the burning rate, combustion products, radiation intensity and specific radiation energy of Al-Mg/PTFE infrared composition were investigated in this paper. The results show that the burning rate of Al-Mg/PTFE decrease with the increase of Al content in Al-Mg alloy. The results of theoretical calculations show that as the Al content increases, the adiabatic combustion temperature first decreases and then increases, taking the minimum value when the content of Al is approximately 58%. In addition, as the Al content of the alloy

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5

Albini, FA, and ED Reinhardt. "Modeling Ignition and Burning Rate of Large Woody Natural Fuels." International Journal of Wildland Fire 5, no. 2 (1995): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9950081.

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As part of the development of a model for predicting fuel loading reductions by and intensity histories of fires burning in large woody natural fuels, it was necessary to develop separate models for the processes of ignition and rate of burning of individual fuel elements. This paper describes the derivation of predictive equations for ignition delay time and burning rate (from diameter reduction rate) of large woody natural fuels in a fire environment. The method consists of deriving approximate functional forms using fuel component properties and a measurable ''fire environment temperature''

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6

Balanyuk, Volodymyr, Anton Kravchenko, and Oleksandr Harasymyuk. "Reducing the intensity of thermal radiation at the sublayer extinguishing of alcohols by ecologically acceptable aerosols." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 10 (109) (2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.225216.

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This paper has theoretically substantiated and experimentally established the intensity of thermal radiation at burning and sublayer extinguishing of alcohols with environmentally acceptable aerosols. An installation has been improved that determines the effectiveness of sublayer extinguishing with fire-extinguishing aerosols; a procedure that has been devised for determining the intensity of thermal radiation implies equipping it with an additional heat flow meter HFM–01 at a distance of 30 and 60 mm. The task to establish the intensity of thermal radiation when burning alcohols and its impac

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7

Khusnutdinova, S. M., F. Sh Khafizov, and I. F. Khafizov. "Determination of the Specific Mass Rate of Multicomponent Petroleum Products Burn-up." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 10 (October 2021): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-10-49-52.

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The specific mass burn-up rate of combustible substances (materials) in case of a fire, determines the heat release intensity, the temperature of burning, the intensity of fire development and other parameters. Like the rate of flame propagation, the mass burn-up rate depends on the physical and chemical properties of substances, their aggregate state, as well as other factors. The mass burn-up rate is used in modeling the process of fire development, assessment of the rate of heat release and the intensity of the supply of extinguishing agents to fire extinguishing installations. Currently, t

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8

Volodymyr, Balanyuk, Kravchenko Anton, and Harasymyuk Oleksandr. "Reducing the intensity of thermal radiation at the sublayer extinguishing of alcohols by ecologically acceptable aerosols." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 10(109) (2021): 37–44. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.225216.

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This paper has theoretically substantiated and experimentally established the intensity of thermal radiation at burning and sublayer extinguishing of alcohols with environmentally acceptable aerosols. An installation has been improved that determines the effectiveness of sublayer extinguishing with fire-extinguishing aerosols; a procedure that has been devised for determining the intensity of thermal radiation implies equipping it with an additional heat flow meter HFM–01 at a distance of 30 and 60 mm. The task to establish the intensity of thermal radiation when burning alcohols an

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9

Vargas, Arley Cardona, Hernando Alexander Yepes Tumay, and Andrés Amell. "Experimental study of the correlation for turbulent burning velocity at subatmospheric pressure." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 4 (July 30, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.002414.

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Turbulent burning velocity is one of the most relevant parameters to characterize the premixed turbulent flames. Different correlation has been proposed to estimate this parameter. However, most of them have been obtained using experimental data at atmospheric pressure or higher. The present study is focused on obtaining a correlation for the turbulent burning velocity using data at sub-atmospheric pressure. The turbulent burning velocity was experimentally calculated using the burner method, where turbulent premix flames are generated in a Bunsen burner. Stoichiometric and lean conditions wer

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10

Vargas, Arley Cardona, Hernando Alexander Yepes Tumay, and Andrés Amell. "Experimental study of the correlation for turbulent burning velocity at subatmospheric pressure." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 4 (July 30, 2022): 25–35. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.002414.

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Turbulent burning velocity is one of the most relevant parameters to characterize the premixed turbulent flames. Different correlation has been proposed to estimate this parameter. However, most of them have been obtained using experimental data at atmospheric pressure or higher. The present study is focused on obtaining a correlation for the turbulent burning velocity using data at sub-atmospheric pressure. The turbulent burning velocity was experimentally calculated using the burner method, where turbulent premix flames are generated in a Bunsen burner. Stoichiometric and lean conditions wer

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11

Sun, Di, Yongzhou Li, Peijin Liu, Bofeng Chen, and Wei Fan. "Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Ammonium Perchlorate Content and Position on the Combustion Characteristics of an Ammonium Perchlorate/Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Propellant." Aerospace 10, no. 8 (2023): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10080692.

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A gas–solid-coupled sandwich combustion model was established for ammonium perchlorate (AP)/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) composite propellant. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of the content of AP and the relative position of the coarse AP on the flame structure and the burning rate of the propellant. The results indicated that the overall AP mass fraction has a significant effect on the gas-phase flame temperature and burning rate, and there exists an optimal oxygen-to-fuel ratio that maximizes the burning rate. As the mass fraction of fine AP incr

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12

Tng, DYP, GJ Jordan, and DMJS Bowman. "Burning giants in the tropics." Austral Ecology 44, no. 2 (2019): 364–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12725.

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The need to maintain a mosaic of rainforest and eucalypt forest in the Australian Wet Tropics World Heritage Area poses a perplexing conundrum for land managers. Rose Gum (Eucalyptus grandis) dominated giant eucalypt forests at the margins of World Heritage tropical rainforests are habitats for threatened marsupials like the Yellow-Bellied Glider. Rainforest developing in the understoreys of these forests is believed to threaten the dominant overstorey eucalypts and associated fauna. Land managers prescribe frequent low-intensity fires to try to stop rainforest species from establishing in Ros

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13

de Groot, W. J., P. M. Bothwell, S. W. Taylor, B. M. Wotton, B. J. Stocks, and M. E. Alexander. "Jack pine regeneration and crown fires." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 8 (2004): 1634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-073.

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The effect of crown fires on Pinus banksiana Lamb. regeneration was studied in separate forest- and cone-burning experiments. Nine plots (0.562.25 ha) of jack pine trees near Fort Providence, Northwest Territories, were burned using crown fires to determine the effects of fire intensity, rate of fire spread, depth of burn, and postfire duff depth on seed viability and regeneration. Fire intensities were 36 902 93 476 kW/m, and fire spread rates were 2470 m/min. Depths of burn were low (2.03.6 cm), and postfire duff depths averaged 2.05.5 cm. Postfire seed rain was highly variable (64634

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14

Moustakas, Aristides, and Orestis Davlias. "Minimal effect of prescribed burning on fire spread rate and intensity in savanna ecosystems." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 35, no. 4 (2021): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-021-01977-3.

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15

Kapalo, P., A. Eštoková, and O. Voznyak. "The carbon dioxide generation rate from burning of candle and its effect on room ventilation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1252, no. 1 (2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1252/1/012011.

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Abstract In construction, the emphasis is currently on high energy efficiency of buildings. A ventilation system ensuring the indoor air quality has a significant share of energy consumption in buildings. Open fire sources, such as gas stoves and candles result in the air pollution in the indoor environment that causes more intensively operation of ventilation systems. The aim of this research is to quantify the pollutants arising from the burning of a randomly selected wax candle that commonly is used in households. Experimental measurements were performed with a special regard to carbon diox

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16

Milne, J. A. "Grazing intensity and vegetation change." BSAP Occasional Publication 18 (January 1994): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001476.

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AbstractChange in the semi-natural vegetation of the hills and uplands of the UK is a relatively slow process. Whilst exogenous influences, such as climate and air quality, can influence the rate of change, the principal means whereby more rapid change can occur is through the actions of man in managing such resources to meet a range of objectives. Burning and grazing by large herbivores are the two most important management practices adopted and their interaction is central to the maintenance of vegetation in its current state and to its direction of change. This paper reviews how vegetation

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17

Shen, Ruiqing, Tian-Hao Yan, Rong Ma, et al. "Flammability and Thermal Kinetic Analysis of UiO-66-Based PMMA Polymer Composites." Polymers 13, no. 23 (2021): 4113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234113.

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as novel flame retardants for polymers, which, typically, can improve their thermal stability and flame retardancy. However, there is a lack of specific studies on the thermal decomposition kinetics of MOF-based polymer composites, although it is known that they are important for the modeling of flaming ignition, burning, and flame spread over them. The thermal decomposition mechanisms of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been well investigated, which makes PMMA an ideal polymer to evaluate how fillers affect its decomposition process and kinet

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18

Wang, Si Yi, Hui Ren, Qing Jie Jiao, and Bao Liang Han. "CNTs Mixed into W and B by Ball-Milling Method and their Application in Delay Composition." Advanced Materials Research 924 (April 2014): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.924.343.

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With the progress in science and technology, the dynamic security, the reliability, the accuracy and the stability of delay composition in complicated condition attracts more and more attentions. Traditional delay composition can not meet our requirements of the reliability and security. Its the first time carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with high heat conductivity and high intensity are added into the system of Tungsten type delay composition and boron type delay composition. CNTs were mixed into W and B by ball-milling method. Particle size analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are uti

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19

Boisvert, J., and P. G. Hill. "Tests of Thick Flame Combustion Estimates in a Single-Cylinder Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 4 (1987): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240056.

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Estimates of turbulent burning speed, burning zone thickness, and randomness of ignition delay have been incorporated in a model of spark-ignited engine combustion. The estimates have been made on the assumption that turbulence during combustion is homogeneous, isotropic, and has Tennekes’ small-scale structure with integral length scale proportional to chamber height. Flame propagation rate has been assumed to depend on turbulence intensity in accord with Chomiak’s vortex-bursting hypothesis. The resulting method of calculating combustion has been tested with cylinder pressure data from a Ric

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20

Yuriy, Tsapko, Tsapko Аleksii, and Bondarenko Olga. "EFFECT OF A FLAMERETARDANT COATING ON THE BURNING PARAMETERS OF WOOD SAMPLES." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 10 (98) (2019): 49–54. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.163591.

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The studies of influence of wood fire protection on ignition have established parameters of flame propagation and combustion suppression which makes it possible to influence this process. It was proved that fire protection consists in creation of a layer on the material surface which prevents the material from warming up to its critical temperature. Experimental studies confirmed that the untreated wood specimen ignited under thermal action resulting in its combustion with a burnout rate of 18 g/(m<sup>2</sup>∙s). With an increase in intensity of combustion of the ignition gas mixture by 25 %

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21

Tsujino, Shougo, Naohisa Nosaka, Shohei Sadamitsu, and Kazuhiko Kato. "Effect of Continuous Ingestion of 2 g of Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Substrate Metabolism during Low-Intensity Physical Activity." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (2022): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030536.

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Increasing fat burning during physical activity is thought to be an effective strategy for maintaining health and preventing lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In recent years, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) have gained attention as a dietary component for increasing fat-burning. However, this fat-burning effect has been unclear in people with high body mass index (BMI). Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effects of 2 g of daily ingestion of MCTs over 2 weeks on substrate oxidation during low-intensity physical activity in sedentary (i.e., with no exercise habit) subj

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22

Cruz, Miguel G., Martin E. Alexander, and Musa Kilinc. "Wildfire Rates of Spread in Grasslands under Critical Burning Conditions." Fire 5, no. 2 (2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5020055.

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An analysis of a dataset (n = 58) of high-intensity wildfire observations in cured grasslands from southern Australia revealed a simple relationship suitable for quickly obtaining a first approximation of a fire’s spread rate under low dead fuel moisture contents and strong wind speeds. It was found that the forward rate of fire spread is approximately 20% of the average 10-m open wind speed. The data on rate of fire spread and 10 m open wind speed ranged from 1.6 to 17 and 20 to 62 km h−1, respectively. The validity of the resulting rule of thumb was examined across a spectrum of burning cond

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23

Bradstock, R. A., M. M. Boer, G. J. Cary, et al. "Modelling the potential for prescribed burning to mitigate carbon emissions from wildfires in fire-prone forests of Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 6 (2012): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11023.

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Prescribed fire can potentially reduce carbon emissions from unplanned fires. This potential will differ among ecosystems owing to inherent differences in the efficacy of prescribed burning in reducing unplanned fire activity (or ‘leverage’, i.e. the reduction in area of unplanned fire per unit area of prescribed fire). In temperate eucalypt forests, prescribed burning leverage is relatively low and potential for mitigation of carbon emissions from unplanned fires via prescribed fire is potentially limited. Simulations of fire regimes accounting for non-linear patterns of fuel dynamics for thr

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Marsden-Smedley, JB, and WR Catchpole. "Fire Behaviour Modelling in Tasmanian Buttongrass Moorlands .II. Fire Behaviour." International Journal of Wildland Fire 5, no. 4 (1995): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9950215.

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An experimental burning program was carried out in Tasmanian buttongrass moorlands to develop fire behaviour prediction models for improving fire management. A range of previously developed prediction models were examined, but none provided adequate fire behaviour predictions. Empirical models were then developed to predict rate of fire spread and flame height in flat terrain, using the variables site age, dead fuel moisture content and surface wind speed. The models should provide good predictions for low to moderate intensity fires and adequate predictions for high intensity wildfires.

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25

Fru, Gordon, Dominique Thévenin, and Gábor Janiga. "Impact of Turbulence Intensity and Equivalence Ratio on the Burning Rate of Premixed Methane–Air Flames." Energies 4, no. 6 (2011): 878–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en4060878.

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26

Adeleye, Matthew A., Simon G. Haberle, Simon E. Connor, Janelle Stevenson, and David M. J. S. Bowman. "Indigenous Fire-Managed Landscapes in Southeast Australia during the Holocene—New Insights from the Furneaux Group Islands, Bass Strait." Fire 4, no. 2 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4020017.

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Indigenous land use and climate have shaped fire regimes in southeast Australia during the Holocene, although their relative influence remains unclear. The archaeologically attested mid-Holocene decline in land-use intensity on the Furneaux Group islands (FGI) relative to mainland Tasmanian and SE Australia presents a natural experiment to identify the roles of climate and anthropogenic land use. We reconstruct two key facets of regional fire regimes, biomass (vegetation) burned (BB) and recurrence rate of fire episodes (RRFE), by using total charcoal influx and charcoal peaks in palaeoecologi

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27

Fu, Yu, Shuhong Ba, Yulong Yang, Bo Zhang, and Linpeng Li. "Design and Application of a New Visible Light-Curing 3D Printing Platform." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (2023): 10974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910974.

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In order to solve the safety problems that exist in traditional charging technology, a new visible light-curing 3D printing platform and energetic slurry formula were designed. Within them, the formula of light-curing slurry is 60.46% EA/PUA (prepolymer), 37.21% PETA/HDDA/BA (active diluent monomer), 0.47% CQ (visible light initiator), 0.93% DMT (curing accelerator), and 0.93% additive. The curing time of visible light-curing paste is 7.5 s, the viscosity is 22 6 mPa·s, the curing hardness is 2 H, the gel rate is 96.67%, the shrinkage rate is 98.35%, and the curing depth is 9.41 mm. The optima

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28

Tan, Jia Lei, Yu Shu Xie, Xiao Feng Zhang, and Tong Wang. "Analysis of Combustion Characterization of Computer Monitor and Paper in Conic Calorimeter Test." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.169.

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Small-scale burning experimental study of computer monitors and paper was done based on cone calorimeter. The small and middle scale fires were simulated by changing the heat radiation intensity of cone calorimeter. The heat release rate, mass loss rate and production rate of CO was measured in experiment. The data of mass loss rate and CO production rate is fitted, and the formula of its change with time is obtained. The computer monitor has slow pyrolysis speed on the 35 kW/m2, and the carbon layer on surface gradually thickened. So the heat will accumulate, and then the pyrolysis speed incr

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29

Taymarov, M. A., V. K. Ilyin, E. G. Chiklyaev, and R. G. Sungatullin. "Features of application of the methane-hydrogen fraction as fuel for thermal power plant boiler." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 3 (2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-3-109-116.

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The methane-hydrogen fraction is a gaseous hydrocarbon by-product during oil processing for obtaining petroleum products. Until recently, the methane-hydrogen fraction was used as furnace oil in internal technological processes at a refinery. Some of the low-calorie methane-hydrogen fraction was burned in flares. Driven by the prospect of the methane-hydrogen fraction use as a fuel alternative to natural gas for burning in thermal power plants boilers, it became necessary to study the methane-hydrogen fraction combustion processes in large volumes. The conversion of ON-1000/1 and ON-1000/2 fur

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30

Ivanov, Evgeniy, and Stefan Parvanov. "DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PARAMETERS TIME TO BOILOVER AND MASS BURNING RATE WITH THE PREVENTION AND RESPONSE STRATEGIES IN PETROLEUM PRODUCT STORAGE TANK FIRES." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGY. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 4 (June 8, 2025): 127–32. https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2025vol4.8446.

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The phenomenon of “boilover” in storage tanks containing petroleum products is among the most hazardous events that can occur during large-scale fires. When water is present at the bottom of the tank, the burning hydrocarbon layer may cause a sudden evaporation of the water, followed by a violent ejection of hot liquid and a massive fireball. This scenario poses severe threats to personnel safety, facility integrity, and environmental protection. Given the increasing global demand for petroleum-based fuels and the continued use of large above-ground storage tanks, understanding and mitigating

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31

Wilson, Andrew A. G. "Width of firebreak that is necessary to stop grass fires: some field experiments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 6 (1988): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-104.

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Firebreaks were tested in the Northern Territory of Australia for their performance in halting the spread of 113 experimental grass fires burning in blocks which ranged from 1 to 4 ha in size. The widths of firebreak tested ranged from 1.5 to 15 m. The most intense of the fires burnt with a rate of spread of 1.9 m s−1 and had a fireline intensity of 17 MW m−1. The fastest fire stopped by a firebreak burnt with a forward rate of spread of 2.2 m s−1 and had a fireline intensity of 8 MW m−1. A logistic response function was fitted to the data on firebreak breach; this resulted in an equation for

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32

Zhao, Jinlong, Yijia He, Jingwen Xiao, Zilong Su, Hanchao Ma, and Xu Zhai. "Experimental Investigation of the Spread and Burning Behaviors of Diesel Spill Fires on a Water Surface." Fire 7, no. 11 (2024): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7110402.

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Large quantities of water are often used to extinguish fires when accidental fuel leakage occurs during storage and transportation. This may lead to spill fires on water. Boilover and splash of heavy oil spill fires in particular can pose a serious thermal threat to surrounding facilities and personnel. In this work, a series of diesel spill fire experiments were conducted on the surface of water. The results showed that, for the non-ignition cases, the fuel spread velocity was fast at first, then maintained a long period of steady spread, which can be successfully predicted by a developed spr

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33

Garo, Jean-Pierre, Hiroshi Koseki, Jean-Pierre Vantelon, and Carlos Fernandez-Pello. "Combustion of liquid fuels floating on water." Thermal Science 11, no. 2 (2007): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0702119g.

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The research presented consists of a study of the burning characteristics of a liquid fuel floating on water with emphasis in the phenomena known as boilover. The problem is of technical interest in the petro-chemical industry, particularly from the point of view of pollution and fires resulting from accidental liquid fuel spills in open water. Testing with multicomponent fuels gives information's about events that can occur in a practical situation, while testing with single component fuels permits obtaining fundamental information about the problem. It evidences the major effects caused by t

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Wickramasinghe, Amila, Nazmul Khan, and Khalid Moinuddin. "Determining Firebrand Generation Rate Using Physics-Based Modelling from Experimental Studies through Inverse Analysis." Fire 5, no. 1 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5010006.

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Firebrand spotting is a potential threat to people and infrastructure, which is difficult to predict and becomes more significant when the size of a fire and intensity increases. To conduct realistic physics-based modeling with firebrand transport, the firebrand generation data such as numbers, size, and shape of the firebrands are needed. Broadly, the firebrand generation depends on atmospheric conditions, wind velocity and vegetation species. However, there is no experimental study that has considered all these factors although they are available separately in some experimental studies. More

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35

Wang, Hua, Wei Zhang, Haihui Xin, Deming Wang, Cuicui Di, and Lu Liu. "Characteristics of Pyrolysis and Low Oxygen Combustion of Long Flame Coal and Reburning of Residues." Energies 14, no. 10 (2021): 2944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102944.

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To further understand the problems of coal combustion and coalfield fire reignition, this paper researched the reaction characteristics of coal pyrolysis and low oxygen combustion and the reburning oxidation characteristics of residual structure by thermal analysis methods. The results show that temperature promotes both pyrolysis and low oxygen combustion reactions, but low oxygen combustion reaction is more sensitive to temperature changes. As the constant temperature rises, the mass reduction rate of low oxygen combustion of coal samples reaches 80% on average, which is 4 times that of pyro

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36

Wanthongchai, Kobsak, Johann G. Goldammer, and Jürgen Bauhus. "Effects of fire frequency on prescribed fire behaviour and soil temperatures in dry dipterocarp forests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 1 (2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf08098.

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This study investigated how fire frequencies and fuel loads influence fire behaviour and soil heating in dry dipterocarp forests of the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Fire behaviour and soil temperatures during burning were measured on a series of plots with different past fire frequencies ranging from unburned control, to rarely, infrequently and frequently burned, representing fire occurrences in 0, 1, 2 and 7 out of the past 10 years respectively. The pre-burning loads of fine fuel including grasses, herbs, shrubs, seedlings, saplings and litters increased with the length of

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RANTUCH, PETER, JOZEF MARTINKA, TOMÁŠ ŠTEFKO, IGOR WACHTER, and MÁRIA ZUZANA BEDNÁRIKOVÁ. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BURNING OF ORIENTED STRAND BOARDS EXPOSED TO FLAME." Wood Research 68, no. 3 (2023): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.547557.

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Since the methods based on the interaction of a relatively low intensity flame on the lignocellulose sample surface often do not allow measuring the heat release rate (HRR), a procedure using oxygen consumption calorimetry was proposed. The method was applied to OSB samples with dimensions of 320 mm x 140 mm x 25 mm placed in a vertical position. During the measurement, in addition to the HRR, the production of smoke, which was significant after stopping the burner, was also monitored. The average net value of HRR at burner outputs of 3 kW, 4 kW and 5 kW was 2.339 kW and the smoke specific ext

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Vander Yacht, Andrew L., Patrick D. Keyser, Charles Kwit, Michael C. Stambaugh, Wayne K. Clatterbuck, and Dean M. Simon. "Fuel dynamics during oak woodland and savanna restoration in the Mid-South USA." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 1 (2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18048.

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Thinning and burning can restore imperilled oak woodlands and savannas in the Southern Appalachian and Central Hardwood regions of the USA, but concomitant effects on fuels are less understood. We monitored (2008 to 2016) fuel load response to replicated combinations of thinning (none, 7, and 14m2ha−1 residual basal area) and seasonal fire (none, March, and October) at three sites. All treatments except burn-only increased total fuel loading. Thinning doubled (+16Mgha−1) 1000-h fuels relative to controls, and three fires in 6 years did not eliminate this difference. Increasing thinning intensi

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Корниенко, Виктория Сергеевна. "ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ ПОВЕРХОНЬ НАГРІВУ УТИЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ КОТЛІВ ПРИ СПАЛЮВАННІ ВОДОМАЗУТНИХ ЕМУЛЬСІЙ". Aerospace Technic and Technology, № 1 (28 січня 2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2017.1.08.

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Approximation dependences of specific rates of pollution intensity at the main parameters influence characterizing these processes are presented. Statistical processing of research results, that displayed primary influence on metal decrease sulfur and water content of water fuel emulsion is conducted. Dependences of pollution rate from the wall temperature for 8 and 1000 hours at burning fuels and water-fuel emulsions are received. Reliability of data transfer from experimental facility on consideration of these processes in real exhaust gas boilers is estimated.

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Bo, Y., H. Cai, and S. D. Xie. "Spatial and temporal variation of historical anthropogenic NMVOCs emission inventories in China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 23 (2008): 7297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7297-2008.

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Abstract. Multiyear emission inventories of anthropogenic NMVOCs in China for 1980–2005 were established based on time-varying statistical data, literature surveyed and model calculated emission factors, which were further gridded at a high spatial resolution of 40 km×40 km using the GIS methodology. Results show a continuous growth trend of China's historical NMVOCs emissions during the period of 1980–2005, with the emission increasing by 4.2 times at an annual average rate of 10.6% from 3.91 Tg in 1980 to 16.49 Tg in 2005. Vehicles, biomass burning, industrial processes, fossil fuel combusti

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Weise, David R., Eunmo Koo, Xiangyang Zhou, Shankar Mahalingam, Frédéric Morandini, and Jacques-Henri Balbi. "Fire spread in chaparral – a comparison of laboratory data and model predictions in burning live fuels." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 9 (2016): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf15177.

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Fire behaviour data from 240 laboratory fires in high-density live chaparral fuel beds were compared with model predictions. Logistic regression was used to develop a model to predict fire spread success in the fuel beds and linear regression was used to predict rate of spread. Predictions from the Rothermel equation and three proposed changes as well as two physically based models were compared with observed spread rates of spread. Flame length–fireline intensity relationships were compared with flame length data. Wind was the most important variable related to spread success. Air temperature

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Yavuzkurt, S., M. Y. Ha, G. Reethof, G. Koopmann, and A. W. Scaroni. "Effect of an Acoustic Field on the Combustion of Coal Particles in a Flat Flame Burner." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 113, no. 4 (1991): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905913.

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The effects of an acoustic field on the enhancement of coal combustion are investigated. A flat flame burner using methane-air mixtures as the fuel is used for the experiments. Micronized coal particles 20–70 μm in diameter are injected into the burning gas stream at the same velocity as the gas. The light intensity emitted from the flame, temperature and pictures of the flame with and without an acoustic field are recorded. The nominal values of the intensity of the acoustic field are between 140–160 dB and the frequency is between 500–3500 Hz. A definite increase in the rate of combustion of

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Arroyo, Citlalli Adelaida, José Luis Contreras, Beatriz Zeifert, and Clementina Ramírez C. "CO2 Capture of the Gas Emission, Using a Catalytic Converter and Airlift Bioreactors with the Microalga Scenedesmus dimorphus." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (2019): 3212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163212.

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A process composed by a catalytic converter and three sequential Airlift photobioreactors containing the microalga Scenedesmus dimorphus was studied to capture CO2, NOx, and CO from emissions of a steam boiler which was burning diesel. The catalytic converter transformed to CO2 a maximum of 78% of the CO present in the combustion gas. The effects of shear rate, light intensity, and light/dark cycles on the biomass growth of the algae were studied. It was observed that at low shear rates (Re ≈ 3200), a high productivity of 0.29 gcel L−1 d−1 was obtained. When the microalga was exposed to 60.75

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Tariq, Aqil, Hong Shu, Qingting Li, et al. "Quantitative Analysis of Forest Fires in Southeastern Australia Using SAR Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (2021): 2386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122386.

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Prescribed burning is a common strategy for minimizing forest fire risk. Fire is introduced under specific environmental conditions, with explicit duration, intensity, and rate of spread. Such conditions deviate from those encountered during the fire season. Prescribed burns mostly affect surface fuels and understory vegetation, an outcome markedly different when compared to wildfires. Data on prescribed burning are crucial for evaluating whether land management targets have been reached. This research developed a methodology to quantify the effects of prescribed burns using multi-temporal Sen

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Li, Yueyang, Cong Yan, Qi Jing, et al. "Experimental Study of the Effects of Initial Ullage Height and Water Layer Thickness on Crude Oil Boilover Characteristics." Fire 8, no. 2 (2025): 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8020078.

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In crude oil storage tank fires, large amounts of firefighting water are used, which may trigger boilover. Variations in oil level affect ullage height, while firefighting water injection alters the water layer thickness, with both processes influencing boilover behavior. This study conducts boilover experiments with 3 types of crude oil to investigate the effects of ullage height and water layer thickness. The results show that the water-cooling effect delays boilover onset time, suppresses intensity, and reduces the mass burning rate, with Jidong crude showing the highest reduction (19.2%).

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Eštoková, A., and P. Kapalo. "Investigation of the thermal properties of candle wax material." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1252, no. 1 (2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1252/1/012013.

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Abstract Indoor air quality is a key aspect of people staying inside buildings. Combustion processes have been identified as one of the most important sources of pollutants in the indoor environment. Proper HVAC design must account for all sources and variations in their intensity, such as also the burning of candles, which produce not only increased amounts of carbon dioxide as a result of the combustion of the organic matrix, but also often dangerous organic substances. On the other hand, the candle burning represents an energy source as well. This article deals with the study of thermal dec

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Fernandes, Paulo M., Hermínio S. Botelho, Francisco C. Rego, and Carlos Loureiro. "Empirical modelling of surface fire behaviour in maritime pine stands." International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, no. 6 (2009): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf08023.

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An experimental burning program took place in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in Portugal to increase the understanding of surface fire behaviour under mild weather. The spread rate and flame geometry of the forward and backward sections of a line-ignited fire front were measured in 94 plots 10–15 m wide. Measured head fire rate of spread, flame length and Byram’s fire intensity varied respectively in the intervals of 0.3–13.9 m min–1, 0.1–4.2 m and 30–3527 kW m–1. Fire behaviour was modelled through an empirical approach. Rate of forward fire spread was described as a function of s

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Zhao, Y., Y. Z. Wang, Z. H. Xu, and L. Fu. "Impacts of prescribed burning on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a suburban native forest of south-eastern Queensland, Australia." Biogeosciences 12, no. 21 (2015): 6279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6279-2015.

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Abstract. Prescribed burning is a forest management practice that is widely used in Australia to reduce the risk of damaging wildfires. Prescribed burning can affect both carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in the forest and thereby influence the soil-atmosphere exchange of major greenhouse gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). To quantify the impact of a prescribed burning (conducted on 27 May 2014) on greenhouse gas exchange and the potential controlling mechanisms, we carried out a series of field measurements before (August 2013) and after (August 2014 an

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Biegańska, Jolanta, and Krzysztof Barański. "Experiments with Pyrotechnic Compositions Based on a Mathematical Model: Part II Pyrotechnic Compositions Producing an Acoustic Effect with Optimum Properties." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030794.

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The article presents a method of evaluating pyrotechnic compositions producing an acoustic effect. The aforementioned pyrotechnic compositions are used in firecrackers to simulate a cannon shot. Optimum compositions that were selected (Part I Evaluation of the applicability of mathematical models in developing pyrotechnic compositions producing an acoustic effect) for testing were evaluated for their explosive and physicochemical properties. The following methods were used to evaluate suitability: measurement of the sound intensity level, the burning rate, and sensitivity to mechanical stimuli

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50

Abdul Gani, Zeenathul, Terry Wall, and Behdad Moghtaderi. "Online monitoring of the burning characteristics of single pulverized coal particle in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 environments." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2023): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci230805255a.

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The objective of this study is to compare the ignition and burning characteristics such as burnout times of volatiles and char, and ignition mechanism of single pulverized coal particle burning in air (O2/N2) and oxy (O2/CO2) environments. An entrained flow reactor with photo detector has been employed for this study. This technique involves online monitoring of radiation emission from an individual coal particle. Individual particles of sub-bituminous or lignite coal particle with size in the ranges of 106 - 125 micron and 180 - 212 micron particles have been injected into an air (O2/N2) or o

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