Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rate-based model

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rate-based model'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rate-based model"

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Nugroho, Vina, Roy Sembel, Edison Hulu, and Gracia Ugut. "Interest rate spread determinant based on the interdependency relationship between a bank’s loan rate and time deposit rate." Banks and Bank Systems 17, no. 2 (May 17, 2022): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(2).2022.06.

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This study analyzes the factors responsible for the lower net interest rate at commercial banks located in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. Data were collected from 35, 10 and 13 commercial banks in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines, respectively, from 2012 to 2020 using the Fixed effect model. The Simultaneous Equation Model was used to analyze the macroeconomic factors and banks’ specific characteristics towards Loan and Time Deposit rates. The result showed that macroeconomic factors, such as the inflation rate, significantly affect loan and time deposit rates in these countries. In Indonesia, bank competition should be reduced and banks’ stability should be higher to minimize Net Interest Margin Spread (difference between Loan Rate and Deposit Rate). In the Philippines, banks should increase their capital and liquidity. So, they will be more confident and prudent in lowering their NIM. Thailand’s banking industry has unique characteristics with high monopoly power. The bigger and greater the market share, the larger the interest rate spread on customers. Therefore, regulators in each country need to consider these important variables when making decisions on lowering the net interest rates by banks to enhance social welfare.
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Zhongwei Zhang, Guizhong Liu, Hongliang Li, and Yongli Li. "A novel PDE-based rate-distortion model for rate control." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 15, no. 11 (November 2005): 1354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2005.856904.

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Solem, Kristian, Pablo Laguna, Juan Pablo MartÍnez, and Leif SÖrnmo. "Model-Based Detection of Heart Rate Turbulence." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 55, no. 12 (December 2008): 2712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.2002113.

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Zhang, Xili. "Modeling the Dynamics of Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate Based on Single-Factor Short Rate Processes." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/540803.

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Using the Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate data of overnight, 1 week, 2 week and 1 month, this paper provides a comparative analysis of some popular one-factor short rate models, including the Merton model, the geometric Brownian model, the Vasicek model, the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model, and the mean-reversion jump-diffusion model. The parameter estimation and the model selection of these single-factor short interest rate models are investigated. We document that the most successful model in capturing the Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate is the mean-reversion jump-diffusion model.
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Ahlborn, B., F. Ahlborn, and S. Loewen. "A model for turbulence based on rate equations." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 18, no. 11 (November 14, 1985): 2127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/18/11/005.

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Liu, Jie, Wen-lu Chen, and Yu-quan Li. "Rate-equation-based VCSEL thermal model and simulation." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 7, no. 12 (December 2006): 1968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.a1968.

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Luo, Minmin, and Kaibin Wu. "Heart rate prediction model based on neural network." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 715 (January 3, 2020): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/715/1/012060.

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Mena, P. V., J. J. Morikuni, S. M. Kang, A. V. Harton, and K. W. Wyatt. "A simple rate-equation-based thermal VCSEL model." Journal of Lightwave Technology 17, no. 5 (May 1999): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.762905.

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Derezinski, Stephen J. "A Melting Rate Model Based on Extrusion Data." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 19, no. 17 (November 2000): 1428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168400772678527.

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Zhang, Linxi, Jing Li, Zhouting Jiang, and Agen Xia. "Folding rate prediction based on neural network model." Polymer 44, no. 5 (March 2003): 1751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00021-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rate-based model"

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Feng, Chunxia. "Transit Bus Load-Based Modal Emission Rate Model Development." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14583.

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Heavy-duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) operations are a major source of pollutant emissions in major metropolitan areas. Accurate estimation of heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions is essential in air quality planning efforts because highway and non-road heavy-duty diesel emissions account for a significant fraction of the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions inventories. Yet, major modeling deficiencies in the current MOBILE6 modeling approach for heavy-duty diesel vehicles have been widely recognized for more than ten years. While the most recent MOBILE6.2 model integrates marginal improvements to various internal conversion and correction factors, fundamental flaws inherent in the modeling approach still remain. The major effort of this research is to develop a new heavy-duty vehicle load-based modal emission rate model that overcomes some of the limitations of existing models and emission rates prediction methods. This model is part of the proposed Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Modal Emission Modeling (HDDV-MEM) which was developed by Georgia Institute of Technology. HDDV-MEM first predicts second-by-second engine power demand as a function of vehicle operating conditions and then applies brake-specific emission rates to these activity predictions. To provide better estimates of microscopic level, this modeling approach is designed to predict second-by-second emissions from onroad vehicle operations. This research statistically analyzes the database provided by EPA and yields a model for prediction emissions at microscopic level based on engine power demand and driving mode. Research results will enhance the explaining ability of engine power demand on emissions and the importance of simulating engine power in real world applications. The modeling approach provides a significant improvement in HDDV emissions modeling compared to the current average speed cycle-based emissions models.
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Aulí, Llinàs Francesc. "Model-Based JPEG2000 rate control methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5806.

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Aquesta recerca està centrada en l'escalabilitat qualitativa de l'estàndard de compressió d'imatges JPEG2000. L'escalabilitat qualitativa és una característica fonamental que permet el truncament de la tira de bits a diferents punts sense penalitzar la qualitat de la imatge recuperada. L'escalabilitat qualitativa és també fonamental en transmissions d'imatges interactives, ja que permet la transmissió de finestres d'interès a diferents qualitats.
El JPEG2000 aconsegueix escalabilitat qualitativa a partir del mètode de control de factor de compressió utilitzat en el procés de compressió, que empotra capes de qualitat a la tira de bits. En alguns escenaris, aquesta arquitectura pot causar dos problemàtiques: per una banda, quan el procés de codificació acaba, el número i distribució de les capes de qualitat és permanent, causant una manca d'escalabilitat qualitativa a tires de bits amb una o poques capes de qualitat. Per altra banda, el mètode de control de factor de compressió construeix capes de qualitat considerant la optimització de la raó distorsió per l'àrea completa de la imatge, i això pot provocar que la distribució de les capes de qualitat per la transmissió de finestres d'interès no sigui adequada.
Aquesta tesis introdueix tres mètodes de control de factor de compressió que proveeixen escalabilitat qualitativa per finestres d'interès, o per tota l'àrea de la imatge, encara que la tira de bits contingui una o poques capes de qualitat. El primer mètode està basat en una simple estratègia d'entrellaçat (CPI) que modela la raó distorsió a partir d'una aproximació clàssica. Un anàlisis acurat del CPI motiva el segon mètode, basat en un ordre d'escaneig invers i una concatenació de passades de codificació (ROC). El tercer mètode es beneficia dels models de raó distorsió del CPI i ROC, desenvolupant una novedosa aproximació basada en la caracterització de la raó distorsió dels blocs de codificació dins una subbanda (CoRD).
Els resultats experimentals suggereixen que tant el CPI com el ROC són capaços de proporcionar escalabilitat qualitativa a tires de bits, encara que continguin una o poques capes de qualitat, aconseguint un rendiment de codificació pràcticament equivalent a l'obtingut amb l'ús de capes de qualitat. Tot i això, els resultats del CPI no estan ben balancejats per les diferents raons de compressió i el ROC presenta irregularitats segons el corpus d'imatges. CoRD millora els resultats de CPI i ROC i aconsegueix un rendiment ben balancejat. A més, CoRD obté un rendiment de compressió una mica millor que l'aconseguit amb l'ús de capes de qualitat. La complexitat computacional del CPI, ROC i CoRD és, a la pràctica, negligible, fent-los adequats per el seu ús en transmissions interactives d'imatges.
This work is focused on the quality scalability of the JPEG2000 image compression standard. Quality scalability is an important feature that allows the truncation of the code-stream at different bit-rates without penalizing the coding performance. Quality scalability is also fundamental in interactive image transmissions to allow the delivery of Windows of Interest (WOI) at increasing qualities.
JPEG2000 achieves quality scalability through the rate control method used in the encoding process, which embeds quality layers to the code-stream. In some scenarios, this architecture might raise two drawbacks: on the one hand, when the coding process finishes, the number and bit-rates of quality layers are fixed, causing a lack of quality scalability to code-streams encoded with a single or few quality layers. On the other hand, the rate control method constructs quality layers considering the rate¬distortion optimization of the complete image, and this might not allocate the quality layers adequately for the delivery of a WOI at increasing qualities.
This thesis introduces three rate control methods that supply quality scalability for WOIs, or for the complete image, even if the code-stream contains a single or few quality layers. The first method is based on a simple Coding Passes Interleaving (CPI) that models the rate-distortion through a classical approach. An accurate analysis of CPI motivates the second rate control method, which introduces simple modifications to CPI based on a Reverse subband scanning Order and coding passes Concatenation (ROC). The third method benefits from the rate-distortion models of CPI and ROC, developing an approach based on a novel Characterization of the Rate-Distortion slope (CoRD) that estimates the rate-distortion of the code¬blocks within a subband.
Experimental results suggest that CPI and ROC are able to supply quality scalability to code-streams, even if they contain a single or few quality layers, achieving a coding performance almost equivalent to the one obtained with the use of quality layers. However, the results of CPI are unbalanced among bit-rates, and ROC presents an irregular coding performance for some corpus of images. CoRD outperforms CPI and ROC achieving well-balanced and regular results and, in addition, it obtains a slightly better coding performance than the one achieved with the use of quality layers. The computational complexity of CPI, ROC and CoRD is negligible in practice, making them suitable to control interactive image transmissions.
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Marin, Robert G. "The Reserve Personnel, Navy Manyear Rate Activity-Based Costing Model." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA302994.

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O'Halek, Stephen J. (Stephen John). "Extending a control system model for rate-based congestion control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38826.

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Yeldener, Suat. "Sinusoidal model based low bit rate speech coding for communication systems." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359842.

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Dondeti, Piyush Prashant. "Rate-Dependent Homogenization based Continuum Plasticity Damage Model for Dendritic Cast Aluminum Alloys." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308245866.

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Stefanovic, Milos. "Vocoder model based variable rate narrowband and wideband speech coding below 9 kbps." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843965/.

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The past two decades have witnessed rapid growth and development within the telecommunications industry. This has been primarily fuelled by the proliferation of digital mobile communication applications and services which have become commonplace and easily within the financial reach of businesses and the general public. Current research trends, involving integration and packetisation of voice, video and data channels into true multimedia communications, promise a similar technological revolution in the next decade. One of the key design issues of the new high quality multimedia services is a requirement for very high data rates. Whilst the available bandwidth in wire based terrestrial network is a relatively cheap and expandable resource, it becomes inherently limited in satellite or cellular radio systems. In order to accommodate ever growing numbers of subscribers whilst maintaining high quality and low operational costs, it is necessary to maximise spectral efficiency and reduce power consumption. This has given rise to the rapid development of signal compression techniques, which in the speech transmission domain are known as speech coding algorithms. The research carried out for this thesis has mainly focused on the design and development of low bit rate narrowband and wideband speech coding systems which utilise a variable rate approach in order to improve their perceptual quality and reduce their transmission rates. The algorithms subsequently developed are based on the existing vocoding schemes, whose rigid fixed rate structure is a major limitation to achieving higher quality and lower rates. The variable rate schemes utilise the time-varying characteristics of the speech signal which is classified according to the developed segmentation algorithms. Two main schemes were developed, a variable bit rate with an average as low as 1.35 kbps and a variable frame rate with an average of 2.1 kbps, both achieving or even surpassing the subjective quality of the existing vocoding standard at 4.15 kbps. Wideband speech exhibits characteristics which are not embodied within narrowband speech and which contribute to the superior perceived quality. A very high quality wideband vocoder operating at rates (fixed and variable) below 9 kbps is presented in this thesis, whereby particular attention is paid to preserving the information in higher frequencies in order to maximise the attainable quality.
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Khajotia, Burzin K. "CASE BASED REASONING – TAYLOR SERIES MODEL TO PREDICT CORROSION RATE IN OIL AND GAS WELLS AND PIPELINES." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1173828758.

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Sunny, George Padayatil. "High Strain-Rate Compression Behavior of a Zr-based Bulk Metallic Glass." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1190750537.

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Lani, James Anthony. "Improving a Marker-Based System to Rate Assimilation of Problematic Experiences." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1055936557.

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Books on the topic "Rate-based model"

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Adedeji, Olumuyiwa S. Consumption-based interest rate and the present-value model of the current account: Evidence from Nigeria. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 2001.

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MacDonald, Ronald. On the Japanese Yen-US dollar exchange rate: A structural model based on real interest differentials. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1997.

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Merino, Oscar Corral. Effects of an increase of the VAT differentiated rate in a SAM-based CGE model for the Mexican economy. [s.l.]: typescript, 1995.

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Ji yu VaR he ES de li lü feng xian du liang: Risk measure of interest rate based on VaR and ES model. Beijing Shi: Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2011.

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Tornell, Aaron. Money-based versus exchange rate-based stabilization with endogenous fiscal policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Evans, Martin D. D. Meese-Rogoff redux: Micro-based exchange rate forecasting. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Evans, Martin D. D. Meese-Rogoff redux: Micro-based exchange rate forecasting. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Pricing interest-rate derivatives: A Fourier-transform based approach. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Brook, Anne-Marie. PPP-based analysis of New Zealand's equilibrium exchange rate. Wellington, N.Z: Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Economics Dept., 2001.

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Aisen, Ari. Money-based versus exchange-rate-based stabilization: Is there space for political opportunism? [Washington D.C.]: Internation Monetary Fund, Western Hemisphere Dept., 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rate-based model"

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Kim, Seonki, Tae-Jung Kim, Sang-Bong Lee, and Jae-Won Suh. "A Rate Control Using Adaptive Model-Based Quantization." In Advances in Image and Video Technology, 722–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11949534_72.

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Siemek, Grzegorz. "The Coefficient Based Rate Distortion Model for the Low Bit Rate Video Coding." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 118–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44692-3_15.

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Li, I.-Hui, Jyun-Yao Huang, I.-En Liao, and Jin-Han Lin. "A Sequence Classification Model Based on Pattern Coverage Rate." In Grid and Pervasive Computing, 737–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38027-3_81.

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Wei, Guiying, Yimeng Wei, and Jincheng Lei. "News Recommendation Based on Click-Through Rate Prediction Model." In LISS 2020, 373–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4359-7_27.

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Takahashi, Juichi, and Yoshiaki Kakuda. "Extended Model-Based Testing toward High Code Coverage Rate." In Software Quality — ECSQ 2002, 310–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47984-8_34.

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Krieg, R. D., J. C. Swearengen, and W. B. Jones. "A Physically Based Internal Variable Model for Rate Dependent Plasticity." In Unified Constitutive Equations for Creep and Plasticity, 245–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3439-9_5.

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Seyedtabaii, S. "Heart rate variation adaptive filtering based on a special model." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 207–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76483-2_18.

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Paz, J. O., W. D. Batchelor, T. S. Colvin, S. D. Logsdon, T. C. Kaspar, D. L. Karlen, B. A. Babcock, and G. R. Pautsch. "Model-Based Technique to Determine Variable Rate Nitrogen for Corn." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Precision Agriculture, 1279–89. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1999.precisionagproc4.c31b.

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Tan, Songchao, Siwei Ma, Shanshe Wang, and Wen Gao. "Synthesized Views Distortion Model Based Rate Control in 3D-HEVC." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 24–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24078-7_3.

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Yuan, Hui, Raouf Hamzaoui, Ferrante Neri, and Shengxiang Yang. "Model-Based Rate-Distortion Optimized Video-Based Point Cloud Compression with Differential Evolution." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 735–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87355-4_61.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rate-based model"

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Zhang, Hexiang, Tanqiu Li, Tao Wang, and Kun Shang. "A Metabolic Rate Estimation Model Based on Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science, Electronic Information Engineering and Intelligent Control Technology (CEI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cei52496.2021.9574560.

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Xie, Liyang, and Xiurong Zhao. "Failure mechanism based failure rate model." In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2009.5274866.

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Eiamjumrus, N., and S. Aramvith. "Cauchy based Rate-Distortion Optimization Model for H.264 Rate Control." In APCCAS 2006 - 2006 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2006.342300.

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Ni, Sha. "Inflation Rate Generator Based on VAR Model." In 2011 Fourth International Conference on Business Intelligence and Financial Engineering (BIFE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bife.2011.70.

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Wang, Chao, Xuanqin Mou, and Lei Zhang. "A perceptual quality based rate distortion model." In 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qomex.2012.6263859.

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Shi, Xinzhi, Chang Qi, Gaofeng Wang, and Jicheng Hu. "Rate-equation-based VCSEL model and simulation." In 2009 11th IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics (CAD/Graphics). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cadcg.2009.5246853.

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Leite, Argentina, Maria Eduarda Silva, and Ana Paula Rocha. "Model-Based Classification of Heart Rate Variability." In 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512310.

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Arsan, Taner. "Model based predictive Rate Controller for video streaming." In 2009 6th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eleco.2009.5355244.

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Liu, Jie, Jiangang Gao, and Yuquan Li. "Rate-Equation-Based VCSEL Thermal Model and Simulation." In The 2006 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceem.2006.257924.

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De-Yong Liu, Dong-Mei Fu, and Biao Zhang. "Material erosion rate model based on PCLS-SVM." In International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition, ICWAPR '07. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icwapr.2007.4421652.

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Reports on the topic "Rate-based model"

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Aagesen Jr, Larry, and Chao Jiang. A physics-based model of cladding wastage layer formation rate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1892317.

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Agassi, Menahem, Michael J. Singer, Eyal Ben-Dor, Naftaly Goldshleger, Donald Rundquist, Dan Blumberg, and Yoram Benyamini. Developing Remote Sensing Based-Techniques for the Evaluation of Soil Infiltration Rate and Surface Roughness. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586479.bard.

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The objective of this one-year project was to show whether a significant correlation can be established between the decreasing infiltration rate of the soil, during simulated rainstorm, and a following increase in the reflectance of the crusting soil. The project was supposed to be conducted under laboratory conditions, using at least three types of soils from each country. The general goal of this work was to develop a method for measuring the soil infiltration rate in-situ, solely from the reflectance readings, using a spectrometer. Loss of rain and irrigation water from cultivated fields is a matter of great concern, especially in arid, semi-arid regions, e.g. much of Israel and vast area in US, where water is a limiting factor for crop production. A major reason for runoff of rain and overhead irrigation water is the structural crust that is generated over a bare soils surface during rainfall or overhead irrigation events and reduces its infiltration rate (IR), considerably. IR data is essential for predicting the amount of percolating rainwater and runoff. Available information on in situ infiltration rate and crust strength is necessary for the farmers to consider: when it is necessary to cultivate for breaking the soil crust, crust strength and seedlings emergence, precision farming, etc. To date, soil IR is measured in the laboratory and in small-scale field plots, using rainfall simulators. This method is tedious and consumes considerable resources. Therefore, an available, non-destructive-in situ methods for soil IR and soil crusting levels evaluations, are essential for the verification of infiltration and runoff models and the evaluation of the amount of available water in the soil. In this research, soil samples from the US and Israel were subjected to simulated rainstorms of increasing levels of cumulative energies, during which IR (crusting levels) were measured. The soils from the US were studied simultaneously in the US and in Israel in order to compare the effect of the methodology on the results. The soil surface reflectance was remotely measured, using laboratory and portable spectrometers in the VIS-NIR and SWIR spectral region (0.4-2.5mm). A correlation coefficient spectra in which the wavelength, consisting of the higher correlation, was selected to hold the highest linear correlation between the spectroscopy and the infiltration rate. There does not appear to be a single wavelength that will be best for all soils. The results with the six soils in both countries indeed showed that there is a significant correlation between the infiltration rate of crusted soils and their reflectance values. Regarding the wavelength with the highest correlation for each soil, it is likely that either a combined analysis with more then one wavelength or several "best" wavelengths will be found that will provide useful data on soil surface condition and infiltration rate. The product of this work will serve as a model for predicting infiltration rate and crusting levels solely from the reflectance readings. Developing the aforementioned methodologies will allow increased utilization of rain and irrigation water, reduced runoff, floods and soil erosion hazards, reduced seedlings emergence problems and increased plants stand and yields.
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3

West, Kenneth, Hali Edison, and Dongchul Cho. A Utility Based Comparison of Some Models of Exchange Rate Volatility. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/t0128.

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4

Allen, Jeffrey, Robert Moser, Zackery McClelland, Md Mohaiminul Islam, and Ling Liu. Phase-field modeling of nonequilibrium solidification processes in additive manufacturing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42605.

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This project models dendrite growth during nonequilibrium solidification of binary alloys using the phase-field method (PFM). Understanding the dendrite formation processes is important because the microstructural features directly influence mechanical properties of the produced parts. An improved understanding of dendrite formation may inform design protocols to achieve optimized process parameters for controlled microstructures and enhanced properties of materials. To this end, this work implements a phase-field model to simulate directional solidification of binary alloys. For applications involving strong nonequilibrium effects, a modified antitrapping current model is incorporated to help eject solute into the liquid phase based on experimentally calibrated, velocity-dependent partitioning coefficient. Investigated allow systems include SCN, Si-As, and Ni-Nb. The SCN alloy is chosen to verify the computational method, and the other two are selected for a parametric study due to their different diffusion properties. The modified antitrapping current model is compared with the classical model in terms of predicted dendrite profiles, tip undercooling, and tip velocity. Solidification parameters—the cooling rate and the strength of anisotropy—are studied to reveal their influences on dendrite growth. Computational results demonstrate effectiveness of the PFM and the modified antitrapping current model in simulating rapid solidification with strong nonequilibrium at the interface.
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Lavadenz, Magaly, Sheila Cassidy, Elvira G. Armas, Rachel Salivar, Grecya V. Lopez, and Amanda A. Ross. Sobrato Early Academic Language (SEAL) Model: Final Report of Findings from a Four-Year Study. Center for Equity for English Learners, Loyola Marymount University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.seal2020.

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The Sobrato Early Academic Language (SEAL) Model Research and Evaluation Final Report is comprised of three sets of studies that took place between 2015 and 2019 to examine the effectiveness of the SEAL Model in 67 schools within 12 districts across the state of California. Over a decade ago, the Sobrato Family Foundation responded to the enduring opportunity gaps and low academic outcomes for the state’s 1.2 million English Learners by investing in the design of the SEAL Model. The SEAL PreK–Grade 3 Model was created as a whole-school initiative to develop students’ language, literacy, and academic skills. The pilot study revealed promising findings, and the large-scale implementation of SEAL was launched in 2013. This report addresses a set of research questions and corresponding studies focused on: 1) the perceptions of school and district-level leaders regarding district and school site implementation of the SEAL Model, 2) teachers’ development and practices, and 3) student outcomes. The report is organized in five sections, within which are twelve research briefs that address the three areas of study. Technical appendices are included in each major section. A developmental evaluation process with mixed methods research design was used to answer the research questions. Key findings indicate that the implementation of the SEAL Model has taken root in many schools and districts where there is evidence of systemic efforts or instructional improvement for the English Learners they serve. In regards to teachers’ development and practices, there were statistically significant increases in the use of research-based practices for English Learners. Teachers indicated a greater sense of efficacy in addressing the needs of this population and believe the model has had a positive impact on their knowledge and skills to support the language and literacy development of PreK- Grade 3 English Learners. Student outcome data reveal that despite SEAL schools averaging higher rates of poverty compared to the statewide rate, SEAL English Learners in grades 2–4 performed comparably or better than California English Learners in developing their English proficiency; additional findings show that an overwhelming majority of SEAL students are rapidly progressing towards proficiency thus preventing them from becoming long-term English Learners. English Learners in bilingual programs advanced in their development of Spanish, while other English Learners suffered from language loss in Spanish. The final section of the report provides considerations and implications for further SEAL replication, sustainability, additional research and policy.
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Busso, Matías, Juan Pablo Chauvin, and Nicolás Herrera L. Rural-Urban Migration at High Urbanization Levels. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002904.

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This study assesses the empirical relevance of the Harris-Todaro model at high levels of urbanization a feature that characterizes an increasing number of developing countries, which were largely rural when the model was created 50 years ago. Using data from Brazil, the paper compares observed and model-based predictions of the equilibrium urban employment rate of 449 cities and the rural regions that are the historic sources of their migrant populations. Little support is found in the data for the most basic version of the model. However, extensions that incorporate labor informality and housing markets have much better empirical traction. Harris-Todaro equilibrium relationships are relatively stronger among workers with primary but no high school education, and those relationships are more frequently found under certain conditions: when cities are relatively larger; and when associated rural areas are closer to the magnet city and populated to a greater degree by young adults, who are most likely to migrate.
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Alizadeh, Sassan, Michael Brandt, and Francis Diebold. High- and Low-Frequency Exchange Rate Volatility Dynamics: Range-Based Estimation of Stochastic Volatility Models. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8162.

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8

Ferreyra, Maria Marta, Carlos Garriga, Juan D. Martin-Ocampo, and Angélica María Sánchez Díaz. Raising College Access and Completion: How Much Can Free College Help? Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1155.

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Free college proposals have become increasingly popular in many countries of the world. To evaluate their potential effects, we develop and estimate a dynamic model of college enrollment, performance, and graduation. A central piece of the model, student effort, has a direct effect on class completion, and an indirect effect in mitigating the risk of not completing a class or not remaining in college. We estimate the model using rich, student-level administrative data from Colombia, and use the estimates to simulate free college programs that differ in eligibility requirements. Among these, universal free college expands enrollment the most, but it does not affect graduation rates and has the highest per-graduate cost. Performance-based free college, in contrast, delivers a slightly lower enrollment expansion yet a greater graduation rate at a lower per-graduate cost. Relative to universal free college, performance-based free college places a greater risk on students but is precisely this feature that delivers better outcomes. Nonetheless, the modest increase in graduation rates suggests that additional, complementary policies might be required to elicit the large effort increase needed to raise graduation rates.
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Hsueh, Gary, David Czerwinski, Cristian Poliziani, Terris Becker, Alexandre Hughes, Peter Chen, and Melissa Benn. Using BEAM Software to Simulate the Introduction of On-Demand, Automated, and Electric Shuttles for Last Mile Connectivity in Santa Clara County. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1822.

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Despite growing interest in low-speed automated shuttles, pilot deployments have only just begun in a few places in the U.S., and there is a lack of studies that estimate the impacts of a widespread deployment of automated shuttles designed to supplement existing transit networks. This project estimated the potential impacts of automated shuttles based on a deployment scenario generated for a sample geographic area: Santa Clara County, California. The project identified sample deployment markets within Santa Clara County using a GIS screening exercise; tested the mode share changes of an automated shuttle deployment scenario using BEAM, an open-source beta software developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to run traffic simulations with MATSim; elaborated the model outputs within the R environment; and then estimated the related impacts. The main findings have been that the BEAM software, despite still being in its beta version, was able to model a scenario with the automated shuttle service: this report illustrates the potential of the software and the lessons learned. Regarding transportation aspects, the model estimated automated shuttle use throughout the county, with a higher rate of use in the downtown San José area. The shuttles would be preferred mainly by people who had been using gasoline-powered ride hail vehicles for A-to-B trips or going to the bus stop, as well as walking trips and a few car trips directed to public transport stops. As a result, the shuttles contributed to a small decrease in emissions of air pollutants, provided a competitive solution for short trips, and increased the overall use of the public transport system. The shuttles also presented a solution for short night trips—mainly between midnight and 2 am—when there are not many options for moving between points A and B. The conclusion is that the automated shuttle service is a good solution in certain contexts and can increase public transit ridership overall.
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Willits, Daniel H., Meir Teitel, Josef Tanny, Mary M. Peet, Shabtai Cohen, and Eli Matan. Comparing the performance of naturally ventilated and fan-ventilated greenhouses. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586542.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to predict the performance of naturally and fan-ventilated greenhouses as a function of climate, type of crop, evaporative cooling and greenhouse size, and to estimate the effects of the two cooling systems on yield, quality and disease development in the different crops under study. Background In the competitive field of greenhouse cultivation, growers and designers in both the US and Israel are repeatedly forced to choose between naturally ventilated (NV) and fan ventilated (FV) cooling systems as they expand their ranges in an effort to remain profitable. The known advantages and disadvantages of each system do not presently allow a clear decision. Whether essentially zero operating costs can offset the less dependable cooling of natural ventilation systems is question this report hopes to answer. Major Conclusions US It was concluded very early on that FV greenhouses without evaporative pad cooling are not competitive with NV greenhouses during hot weather. During the first year, the US team found that average air temperatures were always higher in the FV houses, compared to the NV houses, when evaporative pad cooling was not used, regardless of ventilation rate in the FV houses or the vent configuration in the NV houses. Canopy temperatures were also higher in the FV ventilated houses when three vents were used in the NV houses. A second major conclusion was that the US team found that low pressure fogging (4 atm) in NV houses does not completely offset the advantage of evaporative pad cooling in FV houses. High pressure fog (65 atm) is more effective, but considerably more expensive. Israel Experiments were done with roses in the years 2003-2005 and with tomatoes in 2005. Three modes of natural ventilation (roof, side and side + roof openings) were compared with a fan-ventilated (with evaporative cooling) house. It was shown that under common practice of fan ventilation, during summer, the ventilation rate is usually lower with NV than with FV. The microclimate under both NV and FV was not homogeneous. In both treatments there were strong gradients in temperature and humidity in the vertical direction. In addition, there were gradients that developed in horizontal planes in a direction parallel to the direction of the prevailing air velocity within the greenhouse. The gradients in the horizontal direction appear to be larger with FV than with NV. The ratio between sensible and latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio) was found to be dependent considerably on whether NV or FV is applied. This ratio was generally negative in the naturally ventilated house (about -0.14) and positive in the fan ventilated one (about 0.19). Theoretical models based on Penman-Monteith equation were used to predict the interior air and crop temperatures and the transpiration rate with NV. Good agreement between the model and experimental results was obtained with regard to the air temperature and transpiration with side and side + roof ventilation. However, the agreement was poor with only roof ventilation. The yield (number of rose stems longer than 40 cm) was higher with FV
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