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Journal articles on the topic 'Rate Controlled Sintering'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Speyer, R. F., L. Echiverri, and Chung Kook Lee. "A shrinkage rate-controlled sintering dilatometer." Journal of Materials Science Letters 11, no. 16 (1992): 1089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00730840.

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2

Ragulya, A. V., and V. V. Skorokhod. "Rate-controlled sintering of ultrafine nickel powder." Nanostructured Materials 5, no. 7-8 (1995): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0965-9773(95)00293-n.

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3

Agarwal, Gaurav, Robert F. Speyer, and Wesley S. Hackenberger. "Microstructural development of ZnO using a rate-controlled sintering dilatometer." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 3 (1996): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0081.

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Rate-controlled sintering (RCS) of isostatically pressed particulate compacts of ZnO showed lower average grain sizes and intragranular pore densities than constant heating rate temperature controlled sintering. Valid comparisons of this form could only be made after corrections to hardware and software which reduced specimen creep under dilatometer pushrod load, nonuniform pushrod expansion, reproducible specimen temperature determination, thermal expansion during sintering, and instantaneous termination of sintering at the specified end of RCS. The improved microstructures from RCS were attr
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4

Ragulya, A. V., and V. V. Skorokhod. "Validity of rate-controlled sintering of dense nanocrystalline materials." Metal Powder Report 53, no. 7-8 (1998): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(98)85126-6.

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5

Hareesh, U. S., and R. Johnson. "Rate Controlled Sintering: A Unique Concept for Microstructural Control." Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society 66, no. 4 (2007): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750x.2007.11012271.

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6

Ingraci Neto, R. R., K. J. McClellan, D. D. Byler, and E. Kardoulaki. "Controlled current-rate AC flash sintering of uranium dioxide." Journal of Nuclear Materials 547 (April 2021): 152780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152780.

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7

Lee, Hyukjae. "Application of rate-controlled sintering into the study of sintering behavior of boron carbide." Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology 25, no. 1 (2015): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.6111/jkcgct.2015.25.1.006.

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8

Polotay, A. V., and A. Ragulya. "Rate-Controlled Synthesis and Sintering of Nanocrystalline Barium Titanate Powders." Key Engineering Materials 206-213 (December 2001): 2193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.206-213.2193.

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9

Ragulya, A. V. "Rate-controlled synthesis and sintering of nanocrystalline barium titanate powder." Nanostructured Materials 10, no. 3 (1998): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9773(98)00075-0.

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10

Kr�mer, M. "Rate-controlled sintering of SI3N4: densification kinetics and microstructure development." Journal of Materials Science Letters 14, no. 11 (1995): 778–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00278125.

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11

Reinsch, Stefan, Martin Gaber, Ralf Müller, and Wolfgang A. Schiller. "Rate Controlled Debindering of Glass Ceramic Composites." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.583.

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Green compacts of ceramics, glass ceramic composites and sinter glass ceramics contain different amounts of organic materials added as pressing aids or binders. Before sintering, these organics have to burn out completely. In oxidising atmospheres, the debindering process is mostly exothermic and therefore difficult to control. This uncontrolled heat production due to locally enhanced debindering and respective gas release may cause damages in the green compact microstructure. Therefore, debindering is usually operated with very low heating rates (< 3 K/min) which requires long processing t
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12

Kruae-In, Chatchai, Suchittra Inthong, and Wilaiwan Leenakul. "Effects of Rate-Controlled Sintering on Phase Formation, Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties of Cobalt Oxide Doped BNKT Ceramics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 879 (March 2018): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.879.57.

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Lead-free powders of Bi(Na0.81K0.19)O3 doped 0.3 wt.% CoO were prepared by a conventional mixed oxide technique. The sintering process was controlled with various rate up and down temperature. The samples were sintered at 1,050 °C for 4 h which difference heating rate controlled i.e. 100, 300, and 600 °C/h. The XRD pattern analysis of all studied samples showed a single phase perovskite structure Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics were investigated as a function of rate controlled sintering temperature. The sample heating rate at 600 °C/h showed maximum dielectric constant
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13

Agarwal, Gaurav, and Robert F. Speyer. "Effect of rate controlled sintering on microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO doped with bismuth and antimony oxides." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 9 (1997): 2447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0323.

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Various rate controlled sintering (RCS) schedules were used on isostatically pressed particulate compacts of ZnO with Bi2O3 and Sb2O3 additives. For low additive content, smaller average grain sizes with more rapid RCS schedules were attributable to thermal schedules which minimized the time at elevated temperatures where grain growth could occur. β–Bi2O3, Zn7Sb2O12, and Zn2Sb3Bi3O14 phases formed during/after sintering. Elevated heat-treatment temperatures favored the formation of Zn7Sb2O12 and additional β–Bi2O3, while Zn2Sb3Bi3O14 was dominant in sintered samples where the RCS schedule did
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14

Gunnewiek, Rodolfo F. K., and Ruth Herta Goldsmith Aliaga Kiminami. "Nanostructure Evolution of ZnO in Ultra-fast Microwave Sintering." Materials Science Forum 691 (June 2011): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.691.65.

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Grain growth is inevitable in the sintering of pure nanopowder zinc oxide. Sintering depend on diffusion kinetics, thus this growth could be controlled by ultra-fast sintering techniques, as microwave sintering. The purpose of this work was to investigate the nanostructural evolution of zinc oxide nanopowder compacts (average grain size of 80 nm) subjected to ultra-rapid microwave sintering at a constant holding temperature of 900°C, applying different heating rates and temperature holding times. Fine dense microstructures were obtained, with controlled grain growth (grain size from 200 to 450
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15

Onaka, Susumu, and Masaharu Kato. "A free energy approach for deriving rate equations for diffusion-controlled sintering." ISIJ International 29, no. 10 (1989): 852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.29.852.

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16

Winkler, S., P. Davies, and J. Janoschek. "High-temperature dilatometer with pyrometer measuring system and rate-controlled sintering capability." Journal of Thermal Analysis 40, no. 3 (1993): 999–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02546859.

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17

Paganelli, Mariano, and Daniele Paganelli. "New Development in the Non Contact Optical Measurement of Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 68 (October 2010): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.68.23.

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The optical measurement of thermo-mechanical properties allows the sample to be completely free from constraints. This enables the possibility to measure the true change in size or volume of a material during a sintering process. Thanks to the fact that the measure is carried out with no contact in becomes possible to carry out other measurements during the test, like the change in mass. Joining a double beam optical dilatometer and an electronic scale we can measure simultaneously the change in size with a resolution of one part over 100.000 and the change in weight of the specimen, with a re
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18

Pathak, L. C., S. K. Mishra (Pathak), and S. Srikanth. "Sintering characteristics of Y–Ba–Cu oxide–Agx superconductors under argon atmosphere." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 4 (2002): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0130.

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Sintering studies on Y–Ba–Cu oxide (YBCO)–Agx (x = 0, 0.6, and 1.0 mol) powder were carried out in argon atmosphere to understand the role of silver addition on the densification behavior of these materials. The increase of sintered densities of the compacts with silver addition in argon atmosphere contradicted our earlier observation on sintering of YBCO–Agx powder compacts in air, where the densities decreased for x > 0.6. Thermogravimetric (TG) studies under argon atmosphere indicate a continuous decrease of mass on heating suggesting an enhanced rate of oxygen removal from the YBCO matr
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19

Dudhe, C. M., and S. B. Nagdeote. "Effect of Reaction Rate and Calcination Time on CaNb2O6 Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience 2014 (March 11, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/909267.

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The properties of CaNb2O6 nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation method under controlled reaction rate and extended calcination time were studied. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern shows single orthorhombic phase of the material with lattice parameters: a=15.0147 Å, b=5.74148 Å, and c=5.30296 Å. The morphology and size of particles was found to be improved due to the controlled reaction rate and extended calcination time. The average sizes of the particles were estimated as 40 nm and 90 nm for sintering temperatures 650°C and 800°C, respectively. The material was found to possess
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20

ABE, Osami, and Jun-ichi YAMADA. "Preparation of Multilayer Composites by Combination of Centrifugal Filter Pressing and Rate-Controlled Sintering." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 102, no. 1187 (1994): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.102.627.

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21

Akatsu, Riku, Toru Tsunoura, Katsumi Yoshida, Toyohiko Yano, and Yukio Kishi. "Densification behavior of yttrium oxyfluoride ceramics by rate controlled sintering and their mechanical properties." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 58, SE (2019): SEEG02. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/1347-4065/ab1637.

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22

Zgalat-Lozinskii, O. B. "Nanocomposites Based on Refractory Compounds, Consolidated by Rate-Controlled and Spark-Plasma Sintering (Review)." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 53, no. 1-2 (2014): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-014-9583-5.

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23

Lloyd, Isabel K., Yuval Carmel, Otto C. Wilson Jr., and Geng Fu Xu. "Microwave Processing of Ceramics." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.857.

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Microwave (MW) processing is advantageous for processing ceramics with tailored microstructures. Its combination of volumetric heating, a wide range of controlled heating rates, atmosphere control and the ability to reach very high temperatures allows processing of 'difficult' materials like high thermal conductivity AlN and AlN composites and microstructure control in more readily sintered ceramics such as ZnO. MW sintering promotes development of thermal conductivity in AlN (225 W/mK) and its composites (up to 150W/mK inAlN-TiB2 and up to 129 W/mK in AlN-SiC when solid solution is avoided).
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24

Tatami, Junichi, Y. Suzuki, Toru Wakihara, Takeshi Meguro, and Katsutoshi Komeya. "Control of Shrinkage during Sintering of Alumina Ceramics Based on Master Sintering Curve Theory." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.11.

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The Master Sintering Curve (MSC) is quite useful for analyzing the shrinkage behavior of ceramics. It is possible to compare shrinkage behavior using MSCs that are obtained from different firing profiles. In this study, shrinkage behavior during sintering of green bodies of several kinds of Al2O3 based ceramics were evaluated, using an electric furnace equipped with a dilatometer to be controlled based on the MSC theory. Although all of the samples shrank monotonically, shrinkage behavior depended on the additive and heating rate. The MSC theory was applied to analyze shrinkage behavior. As a
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25

Maca, Karel. "Microstructure evolution during pressureless sintering of bulk oxide ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 3, no. 1-2 (2009): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac0902013m.

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The author's experience concerning the influence of the choice of different pressureless heating schedules on the final microstructure of oxide ceramic materials is summarized in the paper. Alumina, ceria, strontium titanate, as well as tetragonal (3 mol% Y2O3) and cubic (8 mol% Y2O3) zirconia were cold isostatically pressed or injection molded and pressureless sintered with different heating schedules - namely with Constant-Rate of Heating with different dwell temperatures (CRH), with Rate-Controlled Sintering (RCS) and with Two-Step Sintering (TSS). It was examined whether some of these thre
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26

Chang, Chin Wei, Ya Shun Chen, Wen Yen Wei, and Wen Cheng Chen. "Thermodynamics of Calcium Phosphate Porous Scaffold on Beta Phase Tricalcium Phosphate Effects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 983–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.983.

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Sucrose evaporation technique was applied to prepare porous ceramic scaffolds with multiphasic calcium phosphates. Compositions with Ca/P molar ratios of 1.67 with MgO were synthesized and subjected to a thermal treatment of up to 1050 °C to 1400°C. The results show that various adjustable biphasic and multiphasic calcium phosphates can be prepared through vaporized filler amounts and controlled sintering temperature. The size of the pores in the final fabricated scaffolds with an interconnected network of pores ranged from several micro- to hundred micrometers of open pores. The phase amount
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27

Ragulya, A., Valeriy Skorokhod, and M. G. Burenkov. "Structure Development During Linear Heating and Rate-Controlled Sintering of Ceramics: Statistical Model and Experiment." Key Engineering Materials 132-136 (April 1997): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.132-136.674.

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28

Meng, Fan Cheng, Xiao Lei Zhang, Ying Zhang, et al. "Fast Fabrication and Wear Behavior of Alumina–Nickel Composites." Advanced Materials Research 624 (December 2012): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.624.94.

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Alumina matrix composites containing 20 wt % of Ni was sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The influence of sintering temperature (1400-1550 °C) on densification and grain size of the composites were investigated (heating rate: 200 °C /min, sintering time: 5 min). Wear behavior of samples obtained by SPS were evaluated in a dry condition with reciprocate ball-on-disk testing machine. The results show that the relative density and alumina grain sizes increase with the increasing sintering temperature, and the fine-grained structure (alumina size controlled in 1–2 µm) are obtained
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29

Monthien, Chanoknan, Kanjana Silikulrat, Gobwute Rujijanagul, Tawee Tunkasiri, Sittiporn Punyanitya, and Anirut Raksujarit. "Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Dense Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.771.

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During recent years, there have been efforts in developing nanocrystalline bioceramics, to enhance their mechanical and biological properties for use in hard tissue engineering applications. In this work, we study the effects of some sintering additive nanopowders dopants on the properties of the sintered HA structures. Calculated quantities of silica nanopowders are incorporate as dopants into dried HA nanopowder. The mixing powders are uniaxially compacted and then sintered at 1200°C by rate-controlled sintering method in air. Compositional, microstructural, morphological and mechanical char
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Zhou, Xiaolei, Chuang Zhang, Song Pu, Kai Yang, and Zhe Shi. "Sintering Properties of Magnetic Separation Nonferrous Metallurgical Tailings." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 12, no. 7 (2020): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2020.3188.

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In this paper, the tailings produced by non-ferrous metallurgy were magnetically separated to obtain magnetic separation tailings. The sintering performance of magnetic separation tailings was studied by sintering cup experiment platform. In the research process, the differences in sintering process of different magnetic separation tailings were compared, including vertical sintering speed, sintering coefficient, drum strength, finished product rate, end point temperature and other sintering indexes. At the same time, the obtained sinter was subjected to chemical analysis to obtain its specifi
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31

Lin, Chung Chieh, та Wen Cheng J. Wei. "Sintering Kinetic of Fine α-Alumina Powder with ZrO2 Impurity". Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (квітень 2007): 2357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2357.

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Sintering kinetics of the α-Al2O3 powders with average particle size 0.1 μm and ca.1% ZrO2 impurity was investigated. Several two-step sintering methods were tried, and the results were compared with the conventional (one-step) process. The temperature (<1600oC), holding time (up to 20 h), heating rate (2 oC /min to 90 oC/min), initial grain size, and porosity were controlled. The optimal results of two-step sintering, a smaller grain size (0.57 μm) and a good density (>98% TD) were achieved by heating to 1450oC, then holding at 1350oC for 20 h. The sintering mechanism was determined, be
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32

Maksimov, R. N., V. A. Shitov, and A. S. Yurovskikh. "Effect of rate-controlled sintering on characteristics of hot isostatically pressed transparent Yb-doped Lu2O3 ceramics." Materials Letters 211 (January 2018): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.10.013.

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33

Rajeswari, K., Rajasekhar Reddy, U. S. Hareesh, B. P. Saha, and R. Johnson. "Micro structural control of stabilized Zirconia ceramics (8YSZ) through modified conventional sintering methodologies." Science of Sintering 42, no. 1 (2010): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1001091r.

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Slip cast Y2O3 stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) ceramics was subjected to Conventional Ramp and Hold (CRH), Rate Controlled (RCS) and Two Stage Sintering (2SS) methodologies. Sintered samples were characterized for their densities and grain size analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The slip cast samples sintered by CRH and 2SS have achieved 98 - 99 % of theoretical densities while RCS samples have exhibited a low density of 97 %. The samples exhibited an average grain size of 2.64 ?m by 2SS sintering in comparison to 8.83 ?m in case of CRH and 3.45 ?m in case of RCS. Controlled pore growth asso
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34

Xu, Geng-fu, Isabel K. Lloyd, Yuval Carmel, Tayo Olorunyolemi, and Otto C. Wilson. "Microwave sintering of ZnO at ultra high heating rates." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 10 (2001): 2850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0393.

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In this paper, a unique processing approach for producing a tailored, externally controlled microstructure in zinc oxide using very high heating rates (to 4900 °C/min) in a microwave environment is discussed. Detailed data on the densification, grain growth, and grain size uniformity as a function of heating rate are presented. With increasing heating rate, the grain size decreased while grain size uniformity increased. At extremely high heating rates, high density can be achieved with almost complete suppression of grain growth. Ultrarapid microwave heating of ZnO also enhanced densification
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35

Müller, Ralf, Stefan Reinsch, Markus Eberstein, Joachim Deubener, A. Thiel, and Wolfgang A. Schiller. "Effects of Dispersed Al2O3 Particles on Sintering of LTCC." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.375.

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The sintering of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics prepared from alumoborosilicate glass- and Al2O3 powders of similar small particle size was studied by dilatometry, heating microscopy, microstructure analysis, glass- and effective viscosity measurements. The steric effect of Al3O3 inclusions was studied using a “non-reactive” model composite. With increasing Al3O3 volume fraction ( Φ ≤ 0.45), sintering decelerates and its final stage shifts to higher temperature. The attainable shrinkage is reduced as Al2O3 particle clusters bearing residual pores become more frequent. The kinetics of sinter
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36

Wang, Cao, Zhe Zhao, and Lai Fei Cheng. "Finite Element Modeling of Temperature Distribution in Spark Plasma Sintering." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.808.

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A finite element model (FEM) is developed to simulate the temperature distribution in the sample/die/punch assembly during the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. A thermal–electrical coupled model with temperature dependent thermal and electrical properties is implemented. The simulation studies were conducted using COMSOL and a range of heating-rates and die sizes were considered. Also, both temporary and equilibrium condition during heating process were evaluated in order to express the real temperature development in the sintering. During the spark plasma sintering process, the temperatu
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Kiatdherarat, Wasita, Pinai Mungsantisuk, Ruangdaj Tongsri, et al. "Effects of Cooling Rate and Carbon Content on Mechanical Property of Sintered Fe-Cr-Mo Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 658 (July 2015): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.658.69.

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Advanced high strength steel (AHSS) was prepared using the conventional ‘press and sinter’ process.The compacts of ultralow carbon Fe-Cr-Mo powder with carbon additions (base metal powder admixed with 0.1,0.2 and 0.3 wt.% graphite) and without carbon addition (plain base powder) were sintered in a vacuum furnace at pressure of 1.28 x 10-5MPa at 1280 °C for 45 min. After sintering, the sintered specimens were continuously cooled with different nitrogen gas pressures of 0, 2500 and 5000 mbars (or 0, 0.25, 0.5 MPa). Mechanical properties of the sintered alloys were strongly controlled by carbon c
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Tang, Honghu, Lihua Zhao, Yue Yang, Haisheng Han, Li Wang, and Wei Sun. "Dissolution Kinetics of Chlorine from Iron Ore Sintering Dust." Metals 11, no. 8 (2021): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081185.

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Chlorine is generated during iron ore sintering, mostly in the form of alkali chlorides and primarily accumulates in sintering dust, which must be removed before reusing. In this study, an in-situ monitor leaching system based was designed to detect chloride ion water leaching behaviors in real-time and improve the understanding of chlorine dissolution kinetic behaviors in water. Various parameters, including water leaching temperature, solid/liquid ratio, stirring speed, particle size and surfactant addition have been studied. Meanwhile their chlorine dissolution data exhibited a good fit to
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39

Paul, Tanaji, and Sandip P. Harimkar. "Prediction of heating rate controlled viscous flow activation energy during spark plasma sintering of amorphous alloy powders." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50, no. 27 (2017): 27LT01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa77e2.

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40

Viet, Nguyen, Nguyen Oanh, Ji-Soon Kim, and Alberto Jorge. "Crystallization Kinetics and Consolidation of Al82La10Fe4Ni4 Glassy Alloy Powder by Spark Plasma Sintering." Metals 8, no. 10 (2018): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8100812.

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The mechanically alloyed Al82La10Ni4Fe4 glassy powder displays a two-step devitrification characterized by the precipitation of fcc-Al together with small amounts of the intermetallic Al11La3 phase in the first crystallization. The interface-controlled growth mechanism governed the first crystallization event. Calculations of the activation energy, using the methods of Kissinger, Ozawa, and Augis-Bennett gave values of 432.33, 443.2, and 437.76 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated Avrami exponent (n) for the first crystallization peak was about 1.41, suggesting an almost zero nucleation rate.
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41

Lantsev, Е. А., N. V. Malekhonova, Yu V. Tsvetkov, et al. "An investigation of the peculiarities of high-speed sintering of plasma chemically synthesized tungsten carbide nanopowders with increased oxygen content." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 6 (2020): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2020-6-23-39.

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Spark plasma sintering (SPS) of plasma-chemical nanopowders tungsten carbide with a high oxygen content are studied. The results show that the nanopowder WC shrinkages during SPS is limited by grain boundary diffusion with abnormally low activation energies. It is established that the decrease in the activation energy can be caused by the influence of oxygen on the diffusion permeability of the tungsten carbide grain boundaries at the stage of intense compaction, as well as by abnormal grain growth at the stage of high-temperature sintering. The SPS kinetics of WC-W2C-WO3-W nanopowder composit
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42

Kigoshi, Yoichi, Saki Hatta, Takashi Teranishi, et al. "Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics with Nano-Sized Domain." Key Engineering Materials 445 (July 2010): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.445.27.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramics with various grain sizes from 0.7 to 13 μm on average were prepared by a conventional sintering method, a two-step sintering method and a rate controlled two-step sintering method. The permittivity of the ceramics was increased with decreasing grain size to 1.1 μm on average. However, the permittivity of the ceramics was decreased when the grain size was below 1 μm. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) observations revealed that the 90º domain width decreased with decreasing the grain size. By ultrawide range dielectric spectra from kHz to
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Jeon, Sang-Chae, John G. Fisher, Suk-Joong L. Kang, and Kyoung-Seok Moon. "Grain Growth Behavior of 0.95(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–0.05BaTiO3 Controlled by Grain Shape and Second Phase." Materials 13, no. 6 (2020): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061344.

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The grain growth behavior of 0.95(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 –0.05BaTiO3 (mole fraction, NBT–5BT) grains was investigated with excess Bi2O3 addition. The powder compacts of NBT–5BT were sintered at 1200 °C for various sintering times and with various amounts of Bi2O3 (0.1, 1.5, 4.0 and 10.0 mol%). When Bi2O3 was added to round-edged cubic NBT–5BT, the grain shape changed to a more faceted cube and the amount of liquid phase increased during sintering. A more faceted cubic grain shape indicates an increase in the critical driving force for appreciable growth of grains. However, obvious abnormal grain grow
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44

Skorokhod, V. V., and A. V. Ragulya. "Sintering at a controlled rate as a method for regulating the microstructure of ceramics and similar sintered materials." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 33, no. 3-4 (1995): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00559765.

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45

Eberstein, M., R. Müller, S. Reinsch, et al. "Kinetic Modeling of LTCC Shrinkage: Effect of Alumina Content." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 4, no. 4 (2007): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-4.4.173.

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We studied sintering of LTCC-type glass matrix composites (GMCs) consisting of small glass and alumina particles of equal size. Primarily, crystals act as rigid inclusions, decelerating the densification rate. In later stages, they also dissolve, partially increasing the viscosity. Release of alumina finally induces crystallization of alumosilicates, which enables post-firing stability. To study both effects, two model GMCs were prepared: an α-Al2O3 + barium alumoborosilicate glass (BABS)–GMC, which shows neither significant dissolution nor crystallization, and an α-Al2O3 + calcium alumoborosi
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46

Bernard-Granger, Guillaume, Nassira Benameur, Ahmed Addad, Mats Nygren, Christian Guizard, and Sylvain Deville. "Phenomenological analysis of densification mechanism during spark plasma sintering of MgAl2O4." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 6 (2009): 2011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0243.

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Spark plasma sintering (SPS) of MgAl2O4 powder was investigated at temperatures between 1200 and 1300 °C. A significant grain growth was observed during densification. The densification rate always exhibits at least one strong minimum, and resumes after an incubation period. Transmission electron microscopy investigations performed on sintered samples never revealed extensive dislocation activity in the elemental grains. The densification mechanism involved during SPS was determined by anisothermal (investigation of the heating stage of a SPS run) and isothermal methods (investigation at given
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Liao, Hsin Te, and Manh Trung Le. "Optimization on Selective Fiber Laser Sintering of Metallic Powder." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2519.

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Purpose – The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of various parameters on rapid prototyping parts for processes of sintering metallic powder by using fiber laser via the design of experiments (DOE) method. Design/methodology/approach – Experiments based on the DOE method were utilized to determine an optimal parameter setting for achieving a minimum amount of porosities in specimens during the selective laser sintering (SLS) process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was further conducted to identify significant factors. Findings – A regression model predicting percentages of poro
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Vignarajah, Janani, Thanihaichelvan Murugathas, and Sutharsini Ubenthiran. "Effect of Sintering Holding Time on Tetragonal Phase Stability of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.143.

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In this study, the effect of second step sintering holding time on LTD of 3 mol% yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) ceramic was studied. The Zirconia powder was die pressed followed by cold isostatically pressed (CIP) at 200 MPa, and the samples were initially heated to a first step temperature of 1400°C with constant heating rate 10°C/min and the samples were stand still for 1 minute. Then cooled down to the second step temperature of 1200°C and maintained at that temperature for 2 and 10 hours before cooled down to the room temperature. The other sample was sintered by using Si
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Pratsinis, Sotiris E., Guizhi Wang, Siddhartha Panda, Theresa Guiton, and Alan W. Weimer. "Aerosol synthesis of AlN by nitridation of aluminum vapor and clusters." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 3 (1995): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.0512.

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Aluminum nitride (AlN) powders were produced in an aerosol flow reactor by direct nitridation of aluminum vapor with ammonia and nitrogen in flowing argon. In the presence of excess NH3, pure AlN powders were obtained from 1400 to 1873 K. These powders had higher specific surface areas than commercially available AlN powders. The effects of reactor temperature and gas flow rate on AlN purity, yield, and grain and crystallite size were investigated. The BET grain diameter of AlN increased as the process temperature increased, indicating sintering controlled particle formation and growth. Both t
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HAN, CHING ZEN, DELIANG ZHANG, and IAN BROWN. "PRESSURELESS SINTERING AND HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING OF Ti3Al-Al2O3 INTERPENETRATING COMPOSITES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (2006): 3848–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206040477.

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Interpenetrating phase Ti 3 Al - Al 2 O 3 composites have been fabricated by reaction sintering of composite powders containing Al and TiO 2 discus milled for two hours using carefully controlled heat-treatment in non-oxidizing atmospheres. Pressureless sintering has been carried out in argon at temperatures between 1330°C and 1480°C and a heating rate of 5°C/min prior to hot isostatic pressing at 200MPa for two hours at 1350°C. Densification of the composites was investigated as a function of temperature before and after hot isostatic pressing. The microstructure development and mechanical pr
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