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Journal articles on the topic 'Rate of duty'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Häntsch, Marius, and Arnd Huchzermeier. "Duty Drawbacks and Anticipated Effect of Duty Rate Changes." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46, no. 24 (2013): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20130911-3-br-3021.00071.

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2

van Heesch, E. J. M., K. Yan, and A. J. M. Pemen. "Heavy-duty high-repetition-rate generators." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 30, no. 5 (2002): 1627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2002.805321.

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3

Islinger, Richard B., Timothy R. Kuklo, and David W. Polly. "Spine Fractures in Active Duty Soldiers and Their Return to Duty Rate." Military Medicine 163, no. 8 (1998): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/163.8.536.

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Wei, Zhiming, Heping Zhu, Zhihong Zhang, Ramón Salcedo, and Degang Duan. "Droplet Size Spectrum, Activation Pressure, and Flow Rate Discharged from PWM Flat-Fan Nozzles." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 1 (2021): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14100.

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HighlightsDroplet sizes, activation pressures acting on nozzle orifices, and flow rates were investigated.Droplet sizes varied with duty cycles, nozzle orifice sizes, and PWM solenoid valve manufacturers.Activation pressures decreased as duty cycles decreased and increased as nozzle orifice sizes decreased.Flow rates increased with increases in both duty cycles and nozzle orifice sizes.Abstract. Pulse width modulated (PWM) spray systems can produce variable spray rates for precision applications of pesticide and fertilizer; however, there are also concerns over their spray performance stabilit
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Nur’aeni, S., A. Rifin, and Feryanto. "Comparing CPO export duty in several periods in specific calculation policy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1379, no. 1 (2024): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1379/1/012021.

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Abstract Crude Palm Oil (CPO) mainly contributes to Indonesia’s export duty receipts. However, high CPO exports have led to a need for more availability in the domestic market, impacting price increases. Therefore, the government implemented the CPO export duty policy several times, restructuring the export duty and currently uses ad nature or specific calculations (absolute value tariffs). This study compares CPO export duty in several periods based on the reference price range and CPO export duty rate. The data used are secondary time series data from July 2015 to December 2023 which were an
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Li, Ting Jun. "The Phonetic Complex Data Based on FPGA." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1156.

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This paper describes the use of FPGA realization of communication stations, then road transport service data method, if duty rate 32Kb/S, usually on duty voice quality ask for much, as long as can understand. Therefore, if duty rates can be lowered into the appropriate data transmission rate by reducing some of the data, the formation of voice, data combined for the road transport, the rate of post-combiner 32Kb / S, telephone channels in the transmission of duty .this paper designed a total of 5 programs, if the rate of the service16Kb/S, the data rate of 9.6Kb/S, 4.8Kb/S program, done simula
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MOON, MARY ANN. "Iraq Duty Spurs High Rate of Mental Illness." Clinical Psychiatry News 34, no. 5 (2006): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0270-6644(06)71401-1.

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8

Silva, Joao Eduardo, Heping Zhu, and João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da Cunha. "Spray Outputs from a Variable-Rate Sprayer Manipulated with PWM Solenoid Valves." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 3 (2018): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12556.

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Abstract. Pressure fluctuations from air-assisted orchard sprayers can cause nozzles to discharge inaccurate flow rates during variable-rate spray applications. Variations in total flow rate discharged from 40 nozzles, each coupled with a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) solenoid valve, were determined for a variable-rate air-assisted sprayer. Variables for the total flow rate measurements were number of active nozzles ranging from 1 to 40 and PWM duty cycle ranging from 10% to 100%. Experiments were conducted under conditions with and without operating pressure adjustments. Under the no-pressure-a
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9

Jones, Marc D., and Kerry J. Sweet. "Comparison of Hallux Rigidus Surgical Treatment Outcomes Between Active Duty and Non–Active Duty Populations." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 108, no. 4 (2018): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/17-037.

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Background: Our aim in this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of three different surgical procedures for the treatment of hallux rigidus (ie, cheilectomy, decompressive osteotomy, and arthrodesis) between active duty military and non–active duty patients. Methods: A retrospective review of 80 patients (95 feet) undergoing surgical treatment for hallux rigidus was performed. Telephone survey was used to obtain postoperative outcome measures and subjective satisfaction. Additional data recorded and analyzed included age, sex, status of patient (active duty or non–active duty), grade of
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Nakano, Masami, Shuji Minagawa, and Katsuya Hagino. "PWM Flow Rate Control of ER Valve and its Application to ER Actuator Control." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 14n16 (1999): 2168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299002277.

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The PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control of ER valve consisting of two parallel electrodes has been investigated to continuously control the flow rate of an electrorheological (ER) suspension containing sulfonated polymer particles in silicone oil. PWM wave voltages are applied to the electrodes of the ER valve. It is possible to control continuously the flow rate by changing the duty ratio of the PWM wave from 1 to 0, where the duty ratio of 1 corresponds to the state to stop the flow. A miniature bellows actuator driven by a pair of PWM controlled ER valves has been developed, and the contro
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11

Tumialán, Luis M., Ryan P. Ponton, Anthony I. Riccio, and Wayne M. Gluf. "Rate of Return to Military Active Duty After Single Level Lumbar Interbody Fusion." Neurosurgery 71, no. 2 (2012): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e318258e1da.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Lumbar interbody fusion has been extensively studied in the civilian population; however, data regarding its efficacy in the military are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To identify the rate of return to unrestricted active military duty after single-level lumbar interbody fusion surgery. METHODS: The surgical database at a single tertiary care military treatment facility was queried for active-duty patients who underwent a single-level lumbar interbody fusion over a 5-year period. A retrospective chart review was performed with backward stepwise logistic regression analysis, and Fish
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Dean, J. M., R. C. Koehler, C. L. Schleien, et al. "Age-related effects of compression rate and duration in cardiopulmonary resuscitation." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 2 (1990): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.2.554.

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The effects of various compression rate and duration combinations on chest geometry and cerebral perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were studied in immature swine. Pentobarbital-anesthetized 2- and 8-wk-old piglets received CPR after ventricular fibrillation. At compression rates of 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 150/min, duty cycle (compression duration/total cycle time) was increased from 10 to 80% by 10% increments. Mean aortic and sagittal sinus pressures, pulsatile displacement, and deformity of the anterior chest wall were measured. Increasing duty cycle increased c
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Duckworth, Kelsey, Michael Spencer, Christopher Bates, et al. "Advanced oxidation degradation kinetics as a function of ultraviolet LED duty cycle." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 9 (2015): 1375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.108.

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Ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) may be a viable option as a UV light source for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilizing photocatalysts or oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. The effect of UV-LED duty cycle, expressed as the percentage of time the LED is powered, was investigated in an AOP with hydrogen peroxide, using methylene blue (MB) to assess contaminant degradation. The UV-LED AOP degraded the MB at all duty cycles. However, adsorption of MB onto the LED emitting surface caused a linear decline in reactor performance over time. With regard to the effect of dut
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14

Beck, Owen N., Jonathan Gosyne, Jason R. Franz, and Gregory S. Sawicki. "Cyclically producing the same average muscle-tendon force with a smaller duty increases metabolic rate." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1933 (2020): 20200431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0431.

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Ground contact duration and stride frequency each affect muscle metabolism and help scientists link walking and running biomechanics to metabolic energy expenditure. While these parameters are often used independently, the product of ground contact duration and stride frequency (i.e. duty factor) may affect muscle contractile mechanics. Here, we sought to separate the metabolic influence of the duration of active force production, cycle frequency and duty factor. Human participants produced cyclic contractions using their soleus (which has a relatively homogeneous fibre type composition) at pr
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15

Kurniawan, Indra, Akbar Fahrizal, and Rizka Amila. "EXCISE DUTY EXTENSION: FIREWORKS." Customs Research and Applications Journal 4, no. 1 (2023): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/craj.v4i1.128.

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Indonesia is referred to as narrowly extreme coverage or a country that has very few excise objects. Until now, excise objects in Indonesia only cover 4 types, namely tobacco products (HT), ethyl alcohol (EA), beverages containing ethyl alcohol (MMEA), and what has recently been designated as excise objects, namely plastic. These four types of excise objects, or what are commonly referred to as Excisable Goods (BKC), are relatively few when compared to other countries. Finland, Japan, India and Thailand even stipulate more than ten Excisable Goods as a source of state revenue. Indonesia is dee
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Tatenda Katsambe, Cosmas, Vinukumar Luckose, and Nurul Shahrizan Shahabuddin. "EFFECT OF PULSE WIDTH MODULATION ON DC MOTOR SPEED." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 5, no. 2 (2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2017.522.

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Pulse width modulation (PWM) is used to generate pulses with variable duty cycle rate. The rapid rising and falling edges of PWM signal minimises the switching transition time and the associated switching losses. This paper presents a DC motor speed controller system using PWM technique. The PWM duty cycle is used to vary the speed of the motor by controlling the motor terminal voltage.The motor voltage and revolutions per minutes (RPM) obtained at different duty cycle rates. As the duty cycle increases, more voltage is applied to the motor. This contributes to the stronger magnetic flux insid
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17

Babu, Anand. "Adaptive Duty Cycle Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 5, no. 2 (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v5i2.pp79-85.

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<p>To increase the network lifetime of WSNs is a major concern. Network lifetime can be increased by reducing energy consumptions through MAC protocols periodic and a- periodic sleep mode mechanisms. The short duty cycle makes sensors have low energy consumption rate but increases the transmission delay and long duty cycle makes the sensor to increase the energy consumption and reduce the delay. Duty cycle need to be adaptively varied to reduce the idle listening. In the proposed Adaptive Duty cycle MAC (ADMAC) protocol, duty cycle is varied by taking nodes rate of energy consumption and
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Khader, Sameer, and Abdel-Karim Daud. "The Behaviours of Various DC Choppers during Shading Occurrence in PV Systems." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 23 (April 22, 2024): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2024.23.6.

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This paper investigates how the DC choppers behave during the shading occurrence at different time intervals of the year. Three types of DC choppers are implemented during the same shading conditions and intervals of time. The studied parameters are the duty cycle, output power, current, and switch losses. The mathematical model is built and implemented using the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The obtained results show that the SEPIC converter has the highest rate of duty cycle, which means more switching losses are generated. Concerning the average output power, the Modified Single Ended Primary C
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19

Ma, Bao Ji, Yu Quan Zhu, and D. J. Stephenson. "Experimental Study on the Growth Behaviors of Oxide Layers in ELID Pre-Dressing Process." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.588.

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The purpose of this experimental research are investigation the growth behaviors of the oxide layer at different pre-dressing conditions in ELID pre-dressing, effects of voltage and duty ratio of the power supply, wheel speed on the oxide layer formation characteristics on the metal bond diamond wheel surface. The results indicated that the oxide layer thickness on the wheel surface increase with pre-dressing time. The oxide layer growth rate is faster in beginning period time of pre-dressing process then slow down. Both the thickness and growth rate of oxide layer increase with the increase o
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20

Owens, Steffanie, Tara Blando, Yohannes B. Tesema, et al. "Incidence Rates of Gynecologic Cancers in the U.S. Active Duty Military Population." Military Medicine 185, no. 9-10 (2020): e1590-e1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa083.

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Abstract Introduction Despite an increasing number of female service members, incidence rates of gynecologic cancers (other than cervical cancer) have not been previously documented in the U.S. active duty military population. This study sought to determine the incidence rates of all gynecologic, including peritoneal, malignancies in the U.S. Active Duty population compared to the general US population as reported in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database. Materials and Methods Gynecologic cancers diagnosed in U.S. Active Duty women aged 20–59 between 2004 and 2013 we
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21

Sinnasamy, Perabavathi, and Zainol Bidin. "The Relationship between Tax Rate, Penalty Rate, Tax Fairness and Excise Duty Non-compliance." SHS Web of Conferences 34 (2017): 11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173411001.

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22

Counselman, Francis L., Terry Kowalenko, Catherine A. Marco, Kevin B. Joldersma, Robert C. Korte, and Earl J. Reisdorff. "The Relationship Between ACGME Duty Hour Requirements and Performance on the American Board of Emergency Medicine Qualifying Examination." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 8, no. 4 (2016): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-15-00591.1.

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ABSTRACT Background In 2003, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) instituted requirements that limited the number of hours residents could spend on duty, and in 2011, it revised these requirements. Objective This study explored whether the implementation of the 2003 and 2011 duty hour limits was associated with a change in emergency medicine residents' performance on the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) Qualifying Examination (QE). Methods Beginning with the 1999 QE and ending with the 2014 QE, candidates for whom all training occurred without duty hour r
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23

Qu, Da Wei, Zhan Cai Sa, Lu Yan Fan, and Jun Yan Ma. "Experimental Study of Nozzle Characteristics by Drainage Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1422.

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The characteristic of nozzle jeting is affected by injection frequency, gas pressure in the piping and duty cycle of the control signal.The experimental study is in order to determine nozzle’s opening frequency, duty cycle and pipe pressure affect to the gas flow rate using a drainage method, nozzle opening frequency and duty cycle are controled by mototron platform and ATI Vision calibration software,while using pressure transmitter to measure the change of pipe pressure relationship with duty cycle and frequency.
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Campos, Javier, Heping Zhu, Hongyoung Jeon, Ramón Salcedo, Erdal Ozkan, and Emilio Gil. "Assessment of PWM Solenoid Valves to Manipulate Hollow-Cone Nozzles with Different Modulation Frequencies." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 39, no. 2 (2023): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.15415.

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HighlightsTwelve industrial PWM valves were investigated to manipulate high-pressure agricultural hollow-cone nozzles.Modulation frequencies ranged between 5 and 50 Hz and duty cycles between 10% and 100%.Upstream and downstream pressure profiles were used to determine maximum duty cycle ranges.Two out of 12 PWM valves could be potentially used for future variable-rate orchard sprayer designs.Abstract. Integration of high-speed pulse-width-modulation (PWM) solenoid valves into variable-rate orchard sprayers is needed to accurately regulate spray outputs for matching changes in plant canopy str
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Lehtomaki, Janne J., Risto Vuohtoniemi, and Kenta Umebayashi. "On the Measurement of Duty Cycle and Channel Occupancy Rate." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 31, no. 11 (2013): 2555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.131114.

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26

Balazs, George C., Alaina M. Brelin, Michael A. Donohue, et al. "Incidence Rate and Results of the Surgical Treatment of Pectoralis Major Tendon Ruptures in Active-Duty Military Personnel." American Journal of Sports Medicine 44, no. 7 (2016): 1837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516637177.

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Background: Pectoralis major tendon ruptures are commonly described as rare injuries affecting men between 20 and 40 years of age, with generally excellent results after surgical repair. However, this perception is based on a relatively small number of case series and prospective studies in the orthopaedic literature. Purpose: To determine the incidence of pectoralis major tendon ruptures in the active-duty military population and the demographic risk factors for a rupture and to describe the outcomes of surgical treatment. Study Design: Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We ut
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27

Odedokun, Tolulope, and Larissa Weir. "Rate of Gestational Diabetes Between Active Duty and Non-active Duty Beneficiaries at a Military Treatment Facility [34D]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 135 (May 2020): 47S—48S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000663468.16293.e9.

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28

Ge, Wen Qing, Yan Jun Zhao, Bo Li, and Bin Bin Sun. "Research on an Electronically Controlled Gas Fuel Injection Device Using Moving Coil and Mushrooms Type Valve." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.884.

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The electronically controlled injection device with perfect performance is a key technology to heavy-duty gas fuel engine. In this paper, an injection device using moving-coil electromagnetic linear actuator and mushrooms type valve was proposed and developed according to the special requirements of a heavy-duty gas fuel engine applied to power plant. The influence mechanism to the injection device’s flow rate characteristics caused by structural and controlling parameters was determined. And related bench tests of the heavy-duty gas fuel engine equipped with the injection system were complete
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Clanton, T. L., G. F. Dixon, J. Drake, and J. E. Gadek. "Effects of breathing pattern on inspiratory muscle endurance in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 6 (1985): 1834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.6.1834.

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Endurance of the inspiratory muscles was measured in normal volunteers using a threshold resistance that produced a relatively constant mouth-pressure load, independent of inspiratory flow rate (VTI). Breathing pattern was controlled by visual feedback from an oscilloscope. Endurance was measured as the length of time (Tlim) a target VTI could be maintained with maximum effort. Effects of changes in breathing pattern on Tlim were compared with control measurements made the same day. Increases in VTI or in duty cycle (inspiratory time/total period) shortened Tlim, whereas decreases lengthened T
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Kawahara, Yoshito, and Lawrence A. Palinkas. "Suicides in Active‐Duty Enlisted Navy Personnel." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 21, no. 3 (1991): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1991.tb00951.x.

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ABSTRACT: Cases of completed suicide among U.S. Navy enlisted personnel occurring from 1974 through 1985 were identified and compared with similar rates in the U.S. general population and in the U.S. Army. Although the Navy suicide rate was the lowest of the three groups, this rate increased between 1976 and 1983. This was in contrast to national and Army trends during the same period. Young white males in the apprentice/recruit and blue‐collar occupations had the highest rates of completed suicide in the Navy. Recommendations for prevention and treatment are discussed.
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David, Petr. "Harmonization of chosen excise duty in the EU." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 3 (2008): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856030035.

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The level and structure of cigarettes taxation are very much in the news these days. In the field of tax on cigarettes in the European Union there is the question of whether specific rate or ad valorem rate should be used. The choice between these two rates depends on primary aim of tax policy in each European Union member state. The founding is that differential excises could be used as pro­tec­tio­nist trade barriers. Decision about tax rate on cigarettes can bring some other related effects. That is the reason why European Union established some restrictions in the field of level and struct
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32

Arun Gautam, Shivani Kampani, Gaurav Lodha, and Vadera M L. "Public policy of GST in India: A study on pharmaceutical sector with special reference to Healthcare." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (2019): 3136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1611.

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India's greatest duty move is now a reality. 1999 was the year when GST was thought of. The amending bill for the full-powered launch of GST was approved by the Rajya Sabha on 8 August 2016, and it was enacted in late August. It is essential to comprehend that GST isn't a duty concession scheme where every good and service has become way cheaper just because the administration has decreased the duty rates. The single Revenue Neutral Rate (RNR) was a difficult system to manage, and thus the Indian govt. I wanted to fix it. Nonetheless, because of practical reasons, "four GST slabs have been set
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Yao, En Jian, Zhi Feng Lang, Yuan Yuan Song, and Yang Yang. "Microscopic Driving Parameters-Based Energy Consumption Rate Comparison between Electric Vehicle and Gasoline Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 2088–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.2088.

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Based on the emission and electricity consumption data collected by a light-duty electric vehicle (EV) and a light-duty gasoline vehicle (GV), a set of electricity consumption rate models and gasoline consumption rate models are established with instantaneous speed and acceleration as input parameters of these models contain while the outputs are electricity & gasoline consumption rates. then, the gasoline & electricity consumption rate models are transformed into standard coal consumption rate models based on the conversion formula of standard coal, respectively. Finally, comparisons
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Ebersole, Kyle T., David J. Cornell, and Robert J. Flees. "Relationships Between Resting Heart Rate Variability, Maximal Heart Rate, And VO2peak Among Active-duty Firefighters." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (2020): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000677784.26262.82.

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Canazas, Jose. "Field Study on the Air-Side Heat Transfer Performance of Copper Finned-Flat Tubes for Heavy-Duty Truck Radiators." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 5 (2021): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390506.

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Heavy-duty truck cooling systems have been given low importance in the enhancement and research of heat transfer performance since off-highway conditions are hard to evaluate in laboratory essays or CFD studies. The present work is performed to evaluate the heat transfer performance of copper finned-flat tubes used in heavy-duty truck radiators. Parameters were measured in the field of two heavy-duty truck engines cooling systems. In both vehicles water is used as the cooling fluid. The results showed that the Air convective heat transfer coefficient and Overall heat transfer coefficient on th
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Chen, Yuxuan, Yaoheng Li, Shuai He, and Xuzhao Hou. "Cascaded MPC-ADRC trajectory tracking control for electric-drive unmanned tracked vehicles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3019, no. 1 (2025): 012065. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3019/1/012065.

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Abstract Heavy-duty unmanned tracked vehicles are characterized by large inertia and complex operating conditions, which may lead to vehicle instability and trajectory divergence during trajectory tracking control. To address the trajectory tracking problem of heavy-duty unmanned vehicles, a series control method combining Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is proposed. In this framework, the MPC algorithm based on a small-angle assumption calculates the desired yaw rate by solving local path points. The first-order linear ADRC controller then drives
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Babu, Ranjith, Steven Thomas, Matthew A. Hazzard, et al. "Morbidity, mortality, and health care costs for patients undergoing spine surgery following the ACGME resident duty-hour reform." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 21, no. 4 (2014): 502–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.5.spine13283.

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Object The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) implemented resident duty-hour restrictions on July 1, 2003, in concern for patient and resident safety. Whereas studies have shown that duty-hour restrictions have increased resident quality of life, there have been mixed results with respect to patient outcomes. In this study, the authors have evaluated the effect of duty-hour restrictions on morbidity, mortality, length of stay (LOS), and charges in patients who underwent spine surgery. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to evaluate the effect of duty-hour
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Meghana, Patil1 Dr. Kiran Bailey2 and Rajanikanth Anuvanahally3. "DUTY CYCLE CORRECTOR USING PULSE WIDTH MODULATION." International Journal of VLSI design & Communication Systems (VLSICS) Vol.10, No.3, June 2019 10, no. 3 (2019): 01–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3268555.

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In circuits, clocks usually play a very important role. Whenever data needs to be sampled, it is done with respect to clock signals. It uses the edges of the clock to sample the data. So, it becomes very much necessary to see to it that the clock signals are properly received specially in receiver circuits where data sampling is done, mainly in Double data rate(DDR) circuits. Due to effects such as jitter, skew, interference, device mismatches etc., duty cycle gets affected. We come up with duty cycle correctors that ensure 50% duty cycle of the clock signals. A duty cycle corrector (DCC) with
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Klekotko, A., M. Baszczyk, S. Biereigel, et al. "Digital duty-cycle correction circuit for clock paths in radiation-tolerant high-speed wireline transmitters." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 02 (2024): C02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/02/c02030.

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Abstract Ongoing developments in the field of radiation-tolerant high-speed transmitters (HSTs) aim at increasing the data rates above 25 Gb/s while increasing total ionizing dose (TID) tolerance above 1 Grad. The use of half-rate architectures imposes tight constraints on clock signal quality, in particular its duty-cycle. Radiation degradation of transistors in the clock path causes duty cycle distortion (DCD), affecting the output signal quality of the HST. In this paper, a digitally controlled duty-cycle correction circuit suitable for HST is presented. It compensates for process voltage t
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40

Song, Yu, Liu Yang, Chengzong Yang, and Hang Ran. "Research on the Reasons and Impacts of The Implementation of The New Stamp Duty Law and Tax Rate Adjustment." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 12, no. 1 (2023): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v12i1.14087.

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On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted the Stamp Tax Law of the People's Republic of China, which was officially implemented on July 1, 2022. This is the first official legal document issued for stamp duty since the Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Stamp Duty issued by the State Council in 1988. The new stamp tax law redefines the stamp duty items, tax rates, tax bases, etc. on the premise of ensuring that the current tax system framework remains unchanged and the tax burden level is relatively stable. This article will an
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41

Ho, Ying-Yi, Yin-Ping Fang, Cheng-Han Chou, Hsi-Chi Cheng, Hsueh-Wen Chang, and John Morgan Ratcliffe. "High Duty Cycle to Low Duty Cycle: Echolocation Behaviour of the Hipposiderid Bat Coelops frithii." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (2013): e62938. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13447911.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Laryngeally echolocating bats avoid self-deafening (forward masking) by separating pulse and echo either in time using low duty cycle (LDC) echolocation, or in frequency using high duty cycle (HDC) echolocation. HDC echolocators are specialized to detect fluttering targets in cluttered environments. HDC echolocation is found only in the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae in the Old World and in the New World mormoopid, Pteronotus parnellii. Here we report that the hipposiderid Coelops frithii, ostensibly an HDC bat, consistently uses an
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42

Ho, Ying-Yi, Yin-Ping Fang, Cheng-Han Chou, Hsi-Chi Cheng, Hsueh-Wen Chang, and John Morgan Ratcliffe. "High Duty Cycle to Low Duty Cycle: Echolocation Behaviour of the Hipposiderid Bat Coelops frithii." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (2013): e62938. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13447911.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Laryngeally echolocating bats avoid self-deafening (forward masking) by separating pulse and echo either in time using low duty cycle (LDC) echolocation, or in frequency using high duty cycle (HDC) echolocation. HDC echolocators are specialized to detect fluttering targets in cluttered environments. HDC echolocation is found only in the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae in the Old World and in the New World mormoopid, Pteronotus parnellii. Here we report that the hipposiderid Coelops frithii, ostensibly an HDC bat, consistently uses an
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43

Ho, Ying-Yi, Yin-Ping Fang, Cheng-Han Chou, Hsi-Chi Cheng, Hsueh-Wen Chang, and John Morgan Ratcliffe. "High Duty Cycle to Low Duty Cycle: Echolocation Behaviour of the Hipposiderid Bat Coelops frithii." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (2013): e62938. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13447911.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Laryngeally echolocating bats avoid self-deafening (forward masking) by separating pulse and echo either in time using low duty cycle (LDC) echolocation, or in frequency using high duty cycle (HDC) echolocation. HDC echolocators are specialized to detect fluttering targets in cluttered environments. HDC echolocation is found only in the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae in the Old World and in the New World mormoopid, Pteronotus parnellii. Here we report that the hipposiderid Coelops frithii, ostensibly an HDC bat, consistently uses an
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44

Ho, Ying-Yi, Yin-Ping Fang, Cheng-Han Chou, Hsi-Chi Cheng, Hsueh-Wen Chang, and John Morgan Ratcliffe. "High Duty Cycle to Low Duty Cycle: Echolocation Behaviour of the Hipposiderid Bat Coelops frithii." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (2013): e62938. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13447911.

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Abstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Laryngeally echolocating bats avoid self-deafening (forward masking) by separating pulse and echo either in time using low duty cycle (LDC) echolocation, or in frequency using high duty cycle (HDC) echolocation. HDC echolocators are specialized to detect fluttering targets in cluttered environments. HDC echolocation is found only in the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae in the Old World and in the New World mormoopid, Pteronotus parnellii. Here we report that the hipposiderid Coelops frithii, ostensibly an HDC bat, consistently uses an
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45

Ho, Ying-Yi, Yin-Ping Fang, Cheng-Han Chou, Hsi-Chi Cheng, Hsueh-Wen Chang, and John Morgan Ratcliffe. "High Duty Cycle to Low Duty Cycle: Echolocation Behaviour of the Hipposiderid Bat Coelops frithii." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (2013): e62938. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13447911.

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Abstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Laryngeally echolocating bats avoid self-deafening (forward masking) by separating pulse and echo either in time using low duty cycle (LDC) echolocation, or in frequency using high duty cycle (HDC) echolocation. HDC echolocators are specialized to detect fluttering targets in cluttered environments. HDC echolocation is found only in the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae in the Old World and in the New World mormoopid, Pteronotus parnellii. Here we report that the hipposiderid Coelops frithii, ostensibly an HDC bat, consistently uses an
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46

Jhuma, Farjana Akter, Kentaro Harada, Muhamad Affiq Bin Misran, Hin-Wai Mo, Hiroshi Fujimoto, and Reiji Hattori. "A Hybrid Photoplethysmography (PPG) Sensor System Design for Heart Rate Monitoring." Sensors 24, no. 23 (2024): 7634. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237634.

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A photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is a cost-effective and efficacious way of measuring health conditions such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiration rate. In this work, we present a hybrid PPG sensor system working in a reflective mode with an optoelectronic module, i.e., the combination of an inorganic light-emitting diode (LED) and a circular-shaped organic photodetector (OPD) surrounding the LED for efficient light harvest followed by the proper driving circuit for accurate PPG signal acquisition. The performance of the hybrid sensor system was confirmed by the heart rate detec
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47

Mahdiraji, Ghafour Amouzad, Mohamad Khazani Abdullah, Makhfudzah Mokhtar, Amin Malekmohammadi, and Ahmad Fauzi Abas. "Duty-cycle-division-multiplexing: Bit error rate estimation and performance evaluation." Optical Review 16, no. 4 (2009): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-009-0081-9.

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48

MICHAEL GODKNOWS, Dr OPORIOPO. "A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF STAMP DUTY AS A CATALYST FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION HUMANITIES AND COMMERCE 05, no. 02 (2024): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijrehc.2024.5209.

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The primary objective of this study is to examine the effective and efficient assessment and collection of stamp duty tax in Nigeria. Stamp duty tax is a tax imposed on both written and electronic instrument such as conveyance on sale, admission, bill of exchange, bill of lading, receipt, apprenticeship, charter party, hire purchase, contract note, promisory note, marketable securities etc. Recently, the Finance Act 2020 expanded the scope of stamp duty to include Electronic Money Transfer Levy (EMTL) for every bank deposit up to the tune of N10,000 and above for N50 charge (one off). The mode
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49

Ren, Yongjie, Heda Bai, Xincheng Liu, Jin Li, and Xiangli Liu. "Effects of HiPIMS Duty Cycle on Plasma Discharge and the Properties of Cu Film." Materials 17, no. 10 (2024): 2311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102311.

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In this paper, Cu thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrates by the high−power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiIPMS) technique, and the effects of different duty cycles (from 2.25% to 5.25%) on the plasma discharge characteristics, microstructure, and electrical properties of Cu thin films were investigated. The results of the target current test show that the peak target current remains stable under 2.25% and 3% duty cycle conditions. Under the conditions of a 4.5% and 5.25% duty cycle, the target peak current shows a decreasing trend. The average power of the target shows a rising tren
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50

Ningtias, Diah Rahayu, Imam Tri Harsoyo, and Andika Aulia. "Pengaruh Duty Cycle terhadap Nilai Heart Rate pada Pengujian Alat Fetal Simulator Berbasis Arduino." Jurnal Fisika 11, no. 1 (2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jf.v11i1.29378.

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Fetal simulator merupakan phantom sekaligus kalibrator yang digunakan untuk kegiatan kalibrasi fetal doppler, yang bekerja sebagai pengganti detak jantung janin. Fetal simulator pada umumnya menggunakan relay sebagai generator sinyal. Kecepatan posisi on dan off relay yang dimodifikasi untuk menghasilkan rentang frekuensi yang dapat dialirkan ke jantung janin di jaringan lunak yang terdeksi oleh fetal doppler. Fetal simulator dibuat menggunakan oli trafo untuk meredam noise. Sebagai alat uji untuk mengetahui keakuratan dan kestabilan nilai heart rate fetal simulator digunakan alat fetal dopple
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