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Journal articles on the topic 'Rating methodology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gherbi, Abdelhalim Ammar. "Towards a Gradual Methodology for Sharia Stock Rating." مجلة إسرا الدولية للمالية الإسلامية 8, no. 2 (2017): 9–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.55188/ijifarabic.v8i2.274.

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Researchers are used to distinguishing between Shari’ah-compliant companies and non-compliant companies, and a number of terms have appeared in that regard such as “pure companies”,” mixed companies” and “prohibited companies”. This is because it is unimaginable that all companies would be of the same degree of Shari’ah quality. Therefore, there is an apparent need for Shari’ah stock rating similar to the credit ratings issued by the international rating agencies such as Moody's, Standard & Poor's and Fitch. Shari’ah rating differs from credit rating, which focuses on the company’s solvenc

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Zhatikova, D. V., and P. S. Scherbachenko. "Methodology for assigning ESG ratings." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 8 (September 20, 2023): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2023-8-99-108.

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The article presents study results of methodologies for assigning indices and ESG rating, ESG ranking by the largest Russian rating agencies: Analytical Credit Rating Agency, National Rating Agency, Expert RA JSC, and the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. Growth of negative impact on the environment and aggravation of social and corporate problems have been outlined as relevance reasons of the issue. Theoretical bases of three key blocks (ecology (E), society (S), corporate governance (G)) have been stated. Known rating scales for assessing the level of sustainable development

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Brusov, P. N., T. V. Filatova, N. P. Orekhova, and V. L. Kulik. "Improvement of Rating Methodology." Digest Finance 23, no. 2 (2018): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/el.23.2.191.

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Brusov, P. N., T. V. Filatova, N. P. Orekhova, and V. L. Kulik. "Improvement of rating methodology." Finance and Credit 24, no. 3 (2018): 652–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.24.3.652.

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Brusov, P. N., T. V. Filatova, N. P. Orekhova, and V. L. Kulik. "Improvement of Rating Methodology." Digest Finance 23, no. 2 (2018): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/df.23.2.191.

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Chodnicka-Jaworska, Patrycja. "Credit rating assessment methodology." Studia i Prace WNEiZ 47 (2017): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/sip.2017.47/3-02.

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Grigorieva, Elena M., and Darko Vukovic. "Assessing methodology of banks' ratings and their competitive positions: overview of main rating agencies." RUDN Journal of Economics 28, no. 1 (2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2020-28-1-23-30.

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This paper analyzes methodologies of credit rating assessment of major rating agencies, with the focus on Fitch Ratings (Fitch). The methodology data were collected from Fitch Ratings. Also, the article review international literacy for factors and indicators adequacy in rating assessments. The purpose of this research is to overview literacy for the primary methodologies of banks' credit rating assessment. It was explained that ratios from financial indicators are most important for credit rating assessment. In some cases, in sovereign countries, support and macroeconomic factors are signific

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Астахова, Алёна, Сергей Гришунин, and Геннадий Поморцев. "Developing a Scoring Credit Model Based on the Methodology of International Credit Rating Agencies." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 17, no. 1 (2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.17.1.2023.5-16.

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The purpose of this work is to examine the relationship of various financial and non-financial (qualitative) factors of performance of non-financial companies and their credit ratings. We developed the scoring model which was based on the methodologies of international and Russian rating agencies. The modelled ratings of non-financial companies for 2018–2020 were compared with actual ratings assigned by the rating agencies and discrepancies were explained. The sample includes companies from retail, protein and agriculture, steel, oil and gas sectors from Russia, USA, Luxembourg, England,

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Dr. Bheemanagouda, Dr Bheemanagouda. "Credit Rating Methodology for rating Small and Medium Enterprises A Comprehensive Outline." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 1 (2012): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jun2012/4.

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Buchinskaia, O. N. "Issues of methodology and objectivity of ESG rating." Economics and Management 29, no. 7 (2023): 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2023-7-783-793.

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Aim. To identify problems in ESG rating methodology to develop principles for creating an objective assessment of firms’ sustainability transition efforts.Tasks. To conduct a brief review of previous studies that analyze the objectivity of ESG-rating; to examine the rating methodology from three companies that specialize in rating firms by ESG criteria; to identify the main so-called failures that affect the objectivity of assessment; to formulate principles to improve the objectivity of the rating assessment of firms.Methods. The study considered the methodology of three ESG-ratings: ESG-rati

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Gorfinkel, Ilya. "Socio-economic sustainability of municipalities: Research methodology and experience." Municipality: Economics and Management, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2304-3385-2024-2-20-25.

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Introduction. The issue of socio-economic sustainability of territories has been studied in depth in the scientific literature. This concerns both the concept of socio-economic sustainability itself and its application to the analysis of regional and municipal development. Various aspects of socio-economic sustainability are also addressed in a significant number of territorial ratings currently available on the information market and published by both government agencies and non-governmental structures – analytical centers, rating agencies (RA), and mass media. Most of these information and a

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Svanberg, Jan, Tohid Ardeshiri, Isak Samsten, et al. "Must social performance ratings be idiosyncratic? An exploration of social performance ratings with predictive validity." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 14, no. 7 (2023): 313–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-03-2022-0127.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a method to assess social performance. Traditionally, environment, social and governance (ESG) rating providers use subjectively weighted arithmetic averages to combine a set of social performance (SP) indicators into one single rating. To overcome this problem, this study investigates the preconditions for a new methodology for rating the SP component of the ESG by applying machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) anchored to social controversies. Design/methodology/approach This study proposes the use of a data-driven rating metho

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Gerelishina, A. K. "On the Methodology of Forming an Innovative Rating of Russian Regions." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2022-1-62-71.

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The article proposes, when forming innovative ratings of Russian regions, to proceed from the following basic requirement: the rating should reflect the effectiveness of efforts to accelerate economic growth by improving technologies, methods of management and human capital. It is shown that the rating of innovative regions of Russia Associations of Innovative Regions of Russia (AIRR) is a significant factor in the regression describing the rates of economic growth of regions, but its structure is not optimal. Of the four sub-indices of the rating of innovative regions of Russia AIRR, only two

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Fourie, Erika, Tanja Verster, and Gary Wayne Van Vuuren. "A proposed quantitative credit-rating methodology for South African provincial departments." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 2 (2016): 192–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i2.1260.

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The development of subnational credit-rating methodologies affords benefits for subnationals, the sovereign and its citizens. Trusted credit ratings facilitate access to financial markets and above-average ratings allow for the negotiation of better collateral and guarantee agreements, as well as for funding of, for example, infrastructure projects at superior (lower) interest rates. This paper develops the quantitative section of a credit-rating methodology for South African subnationals. The unique characteristics of South African data, their assembly, and the selection of dependent and inde

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Lugovyi, Volodymyr, Olena Slyusarenko, and Zhanneta Talanova. "The Methodology of Rating Methodologies: The Problem of Constructing Correct University Ratings." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 16 (December 29, 2023): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2023-16-90-108.

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The article is devoted to the substantiation of the general (framework) methodology for creating correct methodologies of university ranking, which capable of correctly (truly, in accordance with reality) ranking universities, primarily top ones. The conceptual foundations of such a methodology are formulated. It is based on a mission-based approach to the definition of university and ranking excellence, which involves the determination of the criterion-indicator base of the ranking both by its mission and by the mission of the university, especially a globally leading institution. Essential d

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Abdukhanova, N. G., F. M. Saifullina, O. A. Kleshcheva, G. R. Zeinetdinova, and A. E. Sharafieva. "Improving the methodology for rating counterparties." Finance and Credit 25, no. 10 (2019): 2385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.25.10.2385.

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Zeng, Y., Y. Lv, and Z. Hu. "Package Limited Current Rating Test Methodology." ECS Transactions 52, no. 1 (2013): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05201.0835ecst.

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Grudzevuch, Uljana. "Assessment of the activities of Ukrainian banks by rating agencies under the conditions of marital state." Economic Analysis, no. 33(1) (2023): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2023.01.149.

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Introduction. The market of rating services is gradually developing both at the international and national levels. Over the years of operation of rating agencies, a significant number of various ratings have been developed and used. In particular, typical ratings are credit ratings of the issuer and debt obligations. One of the rating objects, along with countries, municipalities, large industrial enterprises, are banking institutions. If at the beginning of the activity of rating agencies in Ukraine, mainly banks with foreign capital and large banks had a rating, then in recent years all bank

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Lukács, Bence, Péter Molnár, and Robert C. Rickards. "Comparative assessment of ESG ratings methodology and results based on XBRL." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 12 (2024): 8641. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i12.8641.

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This study provides a comparative analysis of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings methodologies and explores the potential of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) to enhance transparency and comparability in ESG reporting. Evaluating ratings from different agencies, the research identifies significant methodological inconsistencies that lead to conflicting information for investors and stakeholders. Statistical tests and adjusted rating scales confirm substantial divergence in ESG scores, primarily due to differing data categories and indicators used by rating firms. U

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KARYAKIN, Aleksandr M., Vladimir V. VELIKOROSSOV, Sergei A. FILIN, and Anna S. TARASOVA. "Rating methodology for energy company's sustainable development." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 22, no. 7 (2023): 1309–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.22.7.1309.

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Subject. The article addresses a rating methodology for sustainable development of energy companies. Objectives. We focus on developing a set of indicators and a scale of rating methodology for sustainable development of energy companies. Methods. The study employs methods of economic analysis, clustering, and economic statistics. Results. We developed a set of indicators and a scale of rating methodology for sustainable development of the energy company, including assessment of enterprise’s liquidity, financial stability, profitability, business, and market activity. The rating methodology ta

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Perez, Ivan Hardy D. "Load Rating Evaluation by Finite Element Analysis: A Basis for Load Posting Structurally Deficient Bridges along National Roads in the Ilocos Region." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 21 (May 16, 2025): 478–502. https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2025.21.40.

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This study evaluated the load rating by finite element analysis of the structurally deficient bridges along national roads in the Ilocos Region as a basis for their load postings. Also, it aimed to develop a general procedure for load rating bridges as a standardized methodology for load rating bridges. The study is a descriptive-evaluative type of research, and data were gathered through reports, plans, field surveys, and field inspections. Two (2) structurally deficient bridges were evaluated, and an additional structurally adequate bridge was also evaluated as a means of calibrating the fin

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Akulenko, N. B. "Methodology of Making-Up the Rating of Highly-Technological Industrial Enterprises Based on Finance Accounting." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 17, no. 5 (2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2020-5-116-125.

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The article studies forms of complex analysis of enterprise work. Special attention was paid to using tools of rating assessment for express diagnostic of their functioning. The author investigated goals of comparative analysis of business entities, reviewed the current methods of enterprise rating and identified their features and spheres, where ratings’ spread was the biggest. On this basis the lines of rating assessment of highly-technological enterprises were found with due regard to their specific features. The author’s methodology of enterprise rating plotting was put forward and results

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Berendeeva, Alla. "Applied aspects of Russian regions ESG-transformation." JOURNAL OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS 5, no. 3 (2024): 53–65. https://doi.org/10.52957/2782-1927-2024-5-3-53-65.

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The development and implementation of regional ratings/rankings by Russian rating agencies, universities or sustainable ESG development companies contribute to the improvement of Russian national statistics on sustainable development. Rating agencies use different methods in compiling ESG ratings. Consequently, the same regions can rank different positions with the same initial data. Therefore, there is a need of unified methodological approach. It allows ones to assess the parameters of regional sustainable development and ESG transformation, measure the level of sustainability and determine

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Brusov, P. N., T. V. Filatova, N. P. Orekhova, and V. L. Kulik. "Rating Methodology: New Look and New Horizons." Journal of Reviews on Global Economics 7 (March 12, 2018): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2018.07.06.

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Roulet, C. A., F. Flourentzou, H. H. Labben, et al. "ORME: A multicriteria rating methodology for buildings." Building and Environment 37, no. 6 (2002): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(02)00005-7.

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Brener, Nathan E., S. S. Iyengar, and O. S. Pianykh. "A conclusive methodology for rating OCR performance." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 56, no. 12 (2005): 1274–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.20214.

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Hogan, Joyce, Rainer M. Neubauer, and Eduardo Salas. "Deriving Performance Measures for Team Tasks: Evaluating a Methodology." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 19 (1989): 1273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301907.

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This study investigates the usefulness of existing performance measures for evaluating the outcome effectiveness of team tasks. It describes a method to identify the measures most appropriate for evaluating training on different types of tasks and under different performance conditions. Six prototype team tasks served as rating stimuli that were used to evaluate 15 objective and 23 subjective team performance measures. Raters (N=33) assessed the usefulness of these performance measures for evaluating performance on each team task under three different scenarios. These scenarios asked how usefu

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Lopatta, Kerstin, Magdalena Tchikov, and Finn Marten Körner. "The impact of market sectors and rating agencies on credit ratings: global evidence." Journal of Risk Finance 20, no. 5 (2019): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-09-2017-0145.

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Purpose A credit rating, as a single indicator on one consistent scale, is designed as an objective and comparable measure within a credit rating agency (CRA). While research focuses mainly on the comparability of ratings between agencies, this paper additionally questions empirically how CRAs meet their promise of providing a consistent assessment of credit risk for issuers within and between market segments of the same agency. Design/methodology/approach Exhaustive and robust regression analyses are run to assess the impact of market sectors and rating agencies on credit ratings. The examina

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Oehler, Andreas, Andreas Höfer, Matthias Horn, and Stefan Wendt. "Do mutual fund ratings provide valuable information for retail investors?" Studies in Economics and Finance 35, no. 1 (2018): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-05-2017-0120.

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Purpose Retail investors use information provided by mutual fund rating agencies to make investment decisions. This paper aims to examine whether the ratings provide useful information to retail investors by analyzing the rating migration and closure risk of mutual funds that received Morningstar’s mutual fund ratings from 2005 to 2012. Design/methodology/approach The research design differentiates between buy-and-hold investment strategies and dynamic investment strategies. To assess the information content of mutual fund ratings for buy-and-hold investment strategies, the rating migration ba

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Kiesel, Florian, and Jonathan Spohnholtz. "CDS spreads as an independent measure of credit risk." Journal of Risk Finance 18, no. 2 (2017): 122–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-09-2016-0119.

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Purpose The creditworthiness of corporates is most visible in credit ratings. This paper aims to present an alternative credit rating measure independently of credit rating agencies. The credit rating score (CRS) is based on the credit default swap (CDS) market trading. Design/methodology/approach A CRS is developed which is a linear function of logarithmized CDS spreads. This new CRS is the first one that is completely independent of the rating agency. The estimated ratings are compared with ratings provided by Fitch Ratings for 310 European and US non-financial corporates. Findings The empir

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Mihus, I., L. Akimova, О. Akimov, S. Laptev, O. Zakharov, and N. Gaman. "INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE RATINGS ON ASSESSMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL THREATS TO ECONOMIC SECURITY OF JOINT STOCK COMPANIES." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 6, no. 41 (2022): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v6i41.251442.

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Abstract. In modern conditions of transformation and globalization of economic processes, rapid development of information and science-intensive technologies, each company seeks to ensure effective management of its activities and achieve a higher level of competitiveness. The level of quality of corporate governance influences the formation of the rating of enterprises and plays an important role in making decisions about investing in the company. At the same time, ensuring financial security is the most urgent task of society, the state, enterprises and organizations of all forms of ownershi

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Fieberg, Christian, Richard Lennart Mertens, and Thorsten Poddig. "The relevance of credit ratings over the business cycle." Journal of Risk Finance 17, no. 2 (2016): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-08-2015-0079.

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Purpose Credit market models and the microstructure theory of the ratings market suggest that information provided by credit rating agencies becomes more relevant in recessions when agency costs are high and less relevant in expansions when agency costs are low. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test these hypotheses with regard to equity markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors use business cycle identification algorithms to map rating events (credit rating changes and watchlist inclusions) to business cycle phases and apply the event study methodology. The results are backe

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Altman, Edward I., and Herbert A. Rijken. "The Impact of the Rating Agencies' Through-the-cycle Methodology on Rating Dynamics." Economic Notes 34, no. 2 (2005): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0391-5026.2005.00147.x.

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Budsaratragoon, Pornanong, and Boonlert Jitmaneeroj. "Fund Ratings of Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) Funds: A Precautionary Note." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147548.

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We examine fund ratings of socially responsible investing (SRI) equity funds in emerging and developed markets by validating the assumptions of the equally weighted U.S. News mutual fund scorecard and the causal interrelations among its rating agencies—Morningstar, Lipper, Zacks, CFRA and TheStreet—for improvement priorities. In so doing, we apply a novel interdisciplinary methodology including cluster analysis, classification analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling and importance performance analysis. We find evidence against the U.S. News assumptions, as individual ratin

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Bonsall, Samuel B., Kevin Koharki, and Monica Neamtiu. "When Do Differences in Credit Rating Methodologies Matter? Evidence from High Information Uncertainty Borrowers." Accounting Review 92, no. 4 (2016): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-51641.

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ABSTRACT This study investigates whether and when differences in the credit rating agencies' methodologies result in differences in rating properties. In particular, this study focuses on differences in information processing constraints between a rating agency that utilizes qualitative analysis and direct access to borrowers' management in its rating process (Standard & Poor's) compared to one that does not (Egan Jones Ratings Company) and how these differences affect rating quality. We find that as information uncertainty about borrowers increases, Egan Jones's rating accuracy, informati

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Murach, A. A., M. A. Storchevoy, and M. Sepulveda. "Divergence of ESG Ratings: International and Russian Experience." Economic Policy 19, no. 4 (2024): 84–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18288/1994-5124-2024-4-84-121.

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ESG rating is an important indicator of a company’s social responsibility, which is taken into account by investors and regulators. However, if the ESG rating is calculated incorrectly, investors and regulators will make erroneous decisions and companies will be given improper guidance about how to modify their operations. Currently, there is a serious methodological problem in that ESG ratings from various rating agencies can be significantly different for the same company. Two of the most urgent questions in current ESG research are why these differences come about and how critical the diver

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Dubianok, Sniazhana A., Andrei Ju Kulakou, and Tatyana P. Kononchuk. "METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING AND RANKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology., no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/2521-683x/2022-1-14-24.

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The development of a rating for the environmental development of the regions of the Republic of Belarus is conditioned by the necessity of a comprehensive assessment of the environmental state of the country’s regions for the implementation of the state policy of the country in the field of sustainable development and improvement of environmental quality, as well as for increasing the efficiency of application of environmental instruments in the framework of international cooperation. Based on the analysis of international approaches to the formation and use of various environmental ratings, t

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Shmahelska, Marina. "World ratings: features of formation and impact on the on the country’s economic growth." Socio-Economic Research Bulletin, no. 2(77) (June 30, 2021): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33987/vsed.2(77).2021.181-192.

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The article investigates the ratings formation as a special type of activity that is actively implemented in a market economy. The process of creating a rating system is considered. It is established that the analysis results of economic entities activities are expressed as the results of evaluation in the rating scale. The main difference between the concepts of «rating» and «ranking» is determined, which allows building economic entities according to the ranking, that is, according to one of the indicators. The criteria that underlie the classification of ratings are analyzed. It is noted th

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Miller, Caitlyn A., Nancy D. Albers-Miller, and Tami L. Knotts. "Applying television ratings to advertising: Are parents informed?" Young Consumers 19, no. 3 (2018): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-11-2017-00751.

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Purpose Both television and movie rating systems are used to inform parents, caregivers and prospective viewers about the content which will appear in a program. While rating systems are fallible, they do provide information prior to viewing. Unfortunately, television advertisements are not rated. Can a parent or caregiver feel confident that a child restricted to a particular level of viewing content will avoid being exposed to advertising content which exceeds the program rating? The purpose of this paper is to explore the content of advertisements relative to an established rating system. D

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Landrine, Hope, Elizabeth A. Klonoff, and Alice Brown-Collins. "Cultural Diversity and Methodology in Feminist Psychology: Critique, Proposal, Empirical Example." Psychology of Women Quarterly 16, no. 2 (1992): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1992.tb00246.x.

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This article calls for a revision in the methodology of feminist psychological research because cultural differences can neither be investigated nor integrated without methodological change. A methodology that combines etic (objective, behavioral) and emic (subjective, phenomenological) approaches was demonstrated in an empirical investigation. White women did not differ from women of color in self-ratings on several gender-role stereotypic terms (etic data). However, the two groups differed significantly in how they had defined and interpreted those terms while rating themselves (emic data),

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Pasricha, Puneet, Dharmaraja Selvamuthu, and Viswanathan Arunachalam. "Markov regenerative credit rating model." Journal of Risk Finance 18, no. 3 (2017): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-09-2016-0123.

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Purpose Credit ratings serve as an important input in several applications in risk management of the financial firms. The level of credit rating changes from time to time because of random credit risk and, thus, can be modeled by an appropriate stochastic process. Markov chain models have been widely used in the literature to generate credit migration matrices; however, emergent empirical evidences suggest that the Markov property is not appropriate for credit rating dynamics. The purpose of this article is to address the non-Markov behavior of the rating dynamics. Design/methodology/approach

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Featherstone, Allen M., Christine A. Wilson, and Lance M. Zollinger. "Factors affecting risk-rating migration." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 1 (2017): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-05-2016-0044.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine empirical customer account data from 2006 through 2012 to review the probability of default (PD) rating methodology implemented by a FCS association for production agricultural accounts. This analysis provides insight into the migration of accounts across the association’s currently established PD rating categories with negative migration being a precursor to potential loan default. Design/methodology/approach The data set contained 17,943 observations from the years 2006 to 2012 and consisted of various fields of data including balance sheet dat

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Caridad y López del Río, Lorena, María de los Baños García-Moreno García, José Rafael Caro-Barrera, Manuel Adolfo Pérez-Priego, and Daniel Caridad y López del Río. "Moody’s Ratings Statistical Forecasting for Industrial and Retail Firms." Economies 9, no. 4 (2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9040154.

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Long-term ratings of companies are obtained from public data plus some additional nondisclosed information. A model based on data from firms’ public accounts is proposed to directly obtain these ratings, showing fairly close similitude with published results from Credit Rating Agencies. The rating models used to assess the creditworthiness of a firm may involve some possible conflicts of interest, as companies pay for most of the rating process and are, thus, clients of the rating firms. Such loss of faith among investors and criticism toward the rating agencies were especially severe during t

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Neagu, Radu, Sean Keenan, and Kete Chalermkraivuth. "Internal credit rating systems: methodology and economic value." Journal of Risk Model Validation 3, no. 2 (2009): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21314/jrmv.2009.040.

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Mseddi, Slim, and Nader Naifar. "Rating methodology and evaluating the issuer of sukuk." International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management 8, no. 4 (2013): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17509653.2013.829629.

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Bazari, Z. "Ship energy performance benchmarking/rating: methodology and application." Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology 6, no. 1 (2007): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2007.11020197.

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Anikin, Dmitry, Yulia Finogenova, Kristina Subbota, and Aleksandra Ermakova. "Developing the Esg Rating Methodology for Russian Companies." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (2023): e0308. http://dx.doi.org/10.37497/sdgs.v11i1.308.

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Objective: This article discusses the assessment model used to evaluate the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance of companies. The purpose of this article is to present a new ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) rating methodology developed in accordance with the recommendations of the Bank of Russia and explain its benefits for sustainable investment in the context of the Russian market.  Methods: The data structure, preprocessing, and scoring methodology have been elaborated. The scoring algorithm considers the intrinsic value of each criterion and evalu

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Steblyanskaya, Alina, Zhen Wang, Alexander Martynov, et al. "New Energy-Resource Efficiency, Technological Efficiency, and Ecosystems Impact Ratings for the Sustainability of China’s Provinces." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010354.

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This paper concerns the necessity of ecosystem protection and energy efficiency rating development. The article analyzes the experience of the non-commercial Environmental and Energy Rating Agency (Interfax-ERA) ratings concerning the environmental assessment of Russian regions and the transfer of successful knowledge for evaluating 31 Chinese provinces. The theoretical base, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the energy-resource efficiency (ERE) rating, technological efficiency (TE), and ecosystem impact (EI) ratings are proposed based on the system methodology, developed within

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Brigham, Christopher R. "Rating Spinal Nerve Extremity Impairment Using the Sixth Edition." Guides Newsletter 14, no. 4 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2009.julaug01.

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Abstract The AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, does not provide a separate mechanism for rating spinal nerve injuries as extremity impairment; radiculopathy was reflected in the spinal rating process in Chapter 17, The Spine and Pelvis. Certain jurisdictions, such as the Federal Employee Compensation Act (FECA), rate nerve root injury as impairment involving the extremities rather than as part of the spine. This article presents an approach to rate spinal nerve impairments consistent with the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, methodology. This approach s

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Maccarrone, Paolo, Alessandro Illuzzi, and Simone Inguanta. "Does a Change in the ESG Ratings Influence Firms’ Market Value? Evidence from an Event Study." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, no. 8 (2024): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17080340.

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In recent years, the field of “ESG finance” has seen rapid growth, resulting in the emergence and expansion of ESG ratings and rating agencies. This study investigates how financial investors react to updates in ESG ratings provided by two prominent ESG rating agencies, namely MSCI and Refinitiv. The main objective is to determine whether any positive or negative changes in a company’s sustainability ratings directly impact its market value. The Event Study methodology was used for this investigation, which analyses the Cumulated Average Abnormal Returns (CAARs) of economic events to assess th

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