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Books on the topic 'Rational agent models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Santa Fe Institute (Santa Fe, N.M.), ed. Agent-based modeling: The Santa Fe Institute artificial stock market model revisited. Springer, 2008.

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2

Carroll, Chris. The epidemiology of macroeconomic expectations. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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3

Benigno, Pierpaolo. Portfolio choices with near rational agents: A solution to some international-finance puzzles. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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4

Benigno, Pierpaolo. Portfolio choices with near rational agents: A solution to some international-finance puzzles. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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5

Vellakkal, Sukumar. Adverse selection and private health insurance coverage in India: A rational behaviour model of insurance agents under asymmetric information. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, 2009.

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6

Sugden, Robert. The Inner Rational Agent. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825142.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 reviews ‘behavioural welfare economics’—the approach to normative analysis that is favoured by most behavioural economists. This approach assumes that people have context-independent ‘true’ or ‘latent’ preferences which, because of psychologically-induced errors, are not always revealed in actual choices. Behavioural welfare economics aims to reconstruct latent preferences by identifying and removing the effects of error on decisions, and to design policies to satisfy those preferences. Its implicit model of human agency is of an ‘inner rational agent’ that interacts with the world t

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7

Cohen, Dov, Ivan Hernandez, Karl Gruschow, Andrzej Nowak, Michele J. Gelfand, and Wojciech Borkowski. Rationally Irrational? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0004.

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A commitment to honor is a commitment to irrationality—at least in the short-run—because it involves defending one’s honor, regardless of stakes or cost. Yet, circumstances giving rise to honor cultures—lawless environments, portable (easy-to-steal) wealth—create milieus where people must appear tough to deter predators. Thus, what seems irrational in the short-run may be rational in the long-run. This chapter describes three agent-based models exploring when an honor stance is advantageous and examining population dynamics of strategies in the environment. Models track empirical observations

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8

Andersen, Jorgen Vitting. From Minority Games to $-Games. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.17.

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This chapter argues for the use of game theory or agent-based modeling to go beyond the standard methods used in traditional approaches to finance. The theory of rational expectations is at the core of most theories of finance in use since the 1970s, but it is also very unrealistic. This chapter first introduces some very general thoughts about elements needed in a new framework for finance. Then a few concrete examples of heterogeneous agent-based models will be introduced, and several of their main results will be discussed. Finally, applications and methods to real-market data will be intro

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9

Dowding, Keith. Rational Choice and Political Power. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529206333.001.0001.

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Rational Choice and Political Power is a classic text republished with two new chapters. It critiques the three dimensions of power showing that we can explain everything the dimensions are designed to highlight using the tools of rational choice theory. It argues power is best seen as a property of agents, and can be measured by looking at their relative resources. Breaking down power resources into five abstract categories we can see why groups of individuals can fail to secure their best interests due to the collective action problem. We can also define objective interests in through the le

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10

Okasha, Samir. Risk, Rational Choice, and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815082.003.0009.

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Decision-theoretic ideas arise in two areas of biology: risk-sensitive foraging, and the theory of evolution in variable environments. The former concerns the actual behavioural choices that organisms make, the latter the ‘choices’ made by natural selection. A natural suggestion is that both sorts of choices can be modelled in terms of expected utility maximization, the standard theory of rational decision in the face of risk. However, this is only true under particular model assumptions; it does not hold in situations involving a combination of aggregate and idiosyncratic risk. Mixed strategi

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11

Wildman, Wesley J. Agential-Being Models of Ultimate Reality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815990.003.0003.

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Agential-being models of ultimate reality affirm that ultimate reality is an aware, agential being. The Central Result of the scientific study of religion—that human beings will spontaneously create anthropomorphic supernatural agents to believe in, and to make religious use of, whether or not those agents actually exist—erodes the plausibility of any belief in supernatural agents, without proving such beliefs false, so it imposes a heavy burden on proponents of agential-being theism to show that the agential-being God hypothesis is plausible in light of all relevant information, and convincin

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12

Karpyn, Allison. Behavioral Design as an Emerging Theory for Dietary Behavior Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626686.003.0003.

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In the past two decades, public health interventions have moved from education strategies aimed at individuals to broad, multilevel interventions incorporating environmental and policy strategies to promote healthy food behaviors. These intervention programs continue to employ classic behavior change models that consider individuals as deliberate, intentional, and rational actors. Contrary to the ideas posited by rational choice theory, diet-related literature draws little correlation between an individual’s intentions and his/her resultant behavior. This chapter adds to the dual-system model

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13

Sargent, Thomas J. Rational Expectations and the Reconstruction of Macroeconomics. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158709.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses the rational expectations reconstruction of macroeconomics. In particular, it examines how the hypothesis of rational expectations has been used to develop econometric models that take into account that people's behavior patterns will vary systematically with changes in government policies—the rules of the game. The chapter looks at two examples that illustrate the general presumption that the systematic behavior of private agents and the random behavior of market outcomes both will change whenever agents' constraints change, as when government policy or other parts of t

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14

Adverse selection and private health insurance coverage in India: A rational behaviour model of insurance agents under asymmetric information. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, 2009.

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15

Jappelli, Tullio, and Luigi Pistaferri. Non-Standard Preferences. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0014.

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In the real world many facts appear to conflict with the assum ptions of the standard life-cycle model and its main hypotheses. The mental accounting model challenges the assumption that resources are fungible. Substantial evidence produced by psychology, laboratory experiments, and empirical studies points out that people do not make time-consistent decisions, leading to the analysis of time-inconsistent preferences and hyperbolic discounting, a model in which rational agents make time-inconsistent decisions. A third critique is that people are in fact not fully informed about financial oppor

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16

Homburg, Stefan. A Study in Monetary Macroeconomics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807537.001.0001.

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The Great Recession of 2008/09 and its aftermath present a major challenge to macroeconomics. Many researchers think that prevailing models fail to grasp essential aspects of recent developments, including unprecedented monetary policies and interest rates at the zero lower bound. Approaches that focus on steady states, rational expectations, and individuals planning over infinite horizons are not suitable for analyzing such abnormal situations. This text does not criticize the traditional approach but aims at improvement. The study’s distinctive feature is a rich institutional structure that

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17

Birks, Daniel. Computer Simulations. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.36.

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In recent years, the field of social simulation has been dominated by the individual, or agent-based, computational model (ABM). ABMs provide unique means to explore complex social systems by allowing researchers to construct explicit models of the individual actors and interactions that make them up - people, peer groups, companies, nations, trade, reproduction, victimization, and so on, This chapter aims to provide the reader with a primer in the social simulation method and in particular the application of ABM in the field of environmental criminology. It begins by discussing the rationale

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18

Moehler, Michael. Pure Instrumental Morality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785927.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the domain of pure instrumental morality that represents the second level of the two-level contractarian theory. To this end, the chapter clarifies the features of the homo prudens model that underlies the derivation of the weak principle of universalization. Further, the chapter develops, in the form of the empathetic contractor theory, the hypothetical decision situation in which rational agents are placed to derive the weak principle of universalization. Finally, the chapter clarifies the features of the weak principle of universalization that, although its derivation

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19

Yu, Shirley P., and David J. Hunter. Prospects for disease modification. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0035.

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The tremendous individual and societal burden underpin a strong rationale for the development of disease-modifying agents for osteoarthritis. Current approaches to managing the disease remain largely palliative and focused on alleviating symptoms, specifically pain and functional limitation. The chapter considers the multitude of tissues that potentially can be targeted in this heterogeneous disease of osteoarthritis and the agents that can modify these tissues. It first focuses on molecules targeting inflammatory pathways and then breaks that down by particular tissue targeted: specifically a

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20

Pattison, George. Why Phenomenology? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813507.003.0003.

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This chapter sets out the rationale for adopting a phenomenological approach to the devout life literature. Distinguishing the present approach from versions of the phenomenology of religion dominant in mid-twentieth-century approaches to religion, an alternative model is found in Heidegger’s early lectures on Paul. These illustrate that alongside its striving to achieve a maximally pure intuition of its subject matter, phenomenology will also be necessarily interpretative and existential. Although phenomenology is limited to what shows itself and therefore cannot pass judgement on the existen

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21

Konstan, David. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190887872.003.0007.

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In this short book, I have explored the way Greek and Roman conceptions of love affected their thinking about a range of sentiments in ways that may seem strange or at all events different to us today. The idea that love might erase the boundaries that separate two distinct selves puts in question our sense of what it is that constitutes an individual identity. It raises questions as well about the nature of altruism versus egoism, both because self-interest is often assumed to be the primary if not the sole motive for human action, and because, if friends really are another self, then it beco

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22

Morris, Christopher W. The State. Edited by George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0031.

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It is often said that the subject matter of political philosophy is the nature and justification of the state. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel thinks that political science is “nothing other than an attempt to comprehend and portray the state as an inherently rational entity.” John Rawls famously understands “the primary subject of justice [to be] the basic structure of society,” restricting his attentions to a society “conceived for the time being as a closed system isolated from other societies,” and assuming that “the boundaries of these schemes are given by the notion of a self-contained nat

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23

Ingalls, Monique M. Transnational Connections, Musical Meaning, and the 1990s “British Invasion” of North American Evangelical Worship Music. Edited by Jonathan Dueck and Suzel Ana Reily. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859993.013.004.

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Monique Ingalls’ essay, on the “British invasion” of U.K. contemporary evangelical congregational worship songs into the U.S. market, points to how a transnational musical network provides ways for powerful individuals within the music industry to locate “authentic” religious faith. The U.K. worship music industry imagined different uses and, consequently, formats for its music than that of the American-based Christian music industry: the American-based industry modeled its songs on pop, focusing on radio-friendly short song formats; but U.K. industry modeled its music and performances on char

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24

Williams, J. Robert G. The Metaphysics of Representation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850205.001.0001.

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What is representation? How do the more primitive aspects of our world come together to generate it? How do different kinds of representation relate to one another? This book identifies the metaphysical foundations for representational facts. The story told is in three parts. The most primitive layer of representation is the ‘aboutness’ of sensation/perception and intention/action, which are the two most basic modes in which an individual and the world interact. It is argued that we can understand how this kind of representation can exist in a fundamentally physical world so long as we have an

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25

Morgan, David. Images at Work. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190272111.001.0001.

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Advocates of the ideology of modern progress and rationalism are fond of regarding human beings as rational agents and the universe as a collection of inanimate things that obey laws and do not exhibit agency. Yet evidence of nonrational practices of enchantment abounds in every part of human life: people commonly regard things as capable of independent action and expect the universe to respond to their desire for magic, miracles, and action at a distance. Clearly, rationalism is not as pervasive or singularly influential as some would insist. Enchantment consists of the things we do and how w

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26

Bratman, Michael E. Planning, Time, and Self-Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.001.0001.

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Our human capacity for planning agency plays central roles in the cross-temporal organization of our agency, in our acting and thinking together, and in our self-governance. Intentions can be understood as states in such a planning system. The practical thinking essential to this planning capacity is guided by norms that enjoin synchronic plan consistency and coherence as well as forms of plan stability over time. This book’s essays aim to deepen our understanding of these norms and defend their status as norms of practical rationality for planning agents. General guidance by these planning no

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27

Cui, Zhao, Neil Turner, and Ming-hui Zhao. Antiglomerular basement membrane disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0073_update_001.

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Cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange are the standard of care in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis or lung haemorrhage caused by antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, and it is unusual to encounter patients at earlier stages. Steroids are universally used in addition. There is some evidence that plasma exchange may not be a critical part of treatment at an earlier stage. There is no more than anecdotal evidence for other therapies. Slower-onset therapies such as antibodies to B cells are rarely appropriate. If untreated, patients with severe anti-GBM disease will not recove

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