Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rational choice theory

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rational choice theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Rational choice theory"

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CHATTERJEE, Sidharta. "Choice That’s Rational." Journal of Research, Innovation and Technologies (JoRIT) 1, no. 1 (December 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.57017/jorit.v1.1(1).03.

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In this paper, it is about the axiomatic basis of rational choice theory - the theory that is behind making rational choice and decisions. To make rational choices, we would require thinking rationally and understanding the reason and logic behind what makes a choice rational, and how we need to choose rationally. Decisions are made under various circumstances, i.e., under risk, and often under compulsion. In social choice theory, decisions are made by different types of decision making entities, i.e., committees, groups, individuals and collective judgments by various types of organizations, etc. This paper highlights these issues and addresses the fundamental tenets of making rational choices by examining and following the previous workings of experts on this field. As such, it introduces a novel concept and the idea of Social Choice Rationality in choosing what’s rational.
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Goode, William J. "Rational choice theory." American Sociologist 28, no. 2 (June 1997): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-997-1004-5.

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Roelofsma, Peter H. M. P. "Rational choice theory." Philosophical Psychology 12, no. 3 (September 1999): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095150899105783.

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Kaiser, Adam J., and Peter T. Leeson. "Why rational choice? Reconciling Kornai with rational choice theory." Acta Oeconomica 73, S1 (November 3, 2023): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2023.00034.

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AbstractJános Kornai was an early and influential critic of rational choice theory, who opposed its application to interdisciplinary questions. In this paper, we attempt to show that certain contemporary uses of rational choice theory are perfectly compatible with Kornai's critique of general equilibrium theory, as well as his broader vision of economics as a mode of understanding. To do so, we leverage the insights of several “ordinary language” philosophers to demonstrate that the utility of rational choice theory derives from its grammatical properties rather than the truth values of its axioms.
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Fumagalli, Roberto. "How thin rational choice theory explains choices." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 83 (October 2020): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2020.03.003.

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DENZIN, NORMAN K. "Reading Rational Choice Theory." Rationality and Society 2, no. 2 (April 1990): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463190002002006.

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Hechter, Michael, and Satoshi Kanazawa. "Sociological Rational Choice Theory." Annual Review of Sociology 23, no. 1 (August 1997): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.191.

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Boudon, Raymond. "Beyond Rational Choice Theory." Annual Review of Sociology 29, no. 1 (August 2003): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100213.

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Coleman, Jules L. "Rational Choice and Rational Cognition." Legal Theory 3, no. 2 (June 1997): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325200000720.

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There is a close but largely unexplored connection between law and economics and cognitive psychology. Law and economics applies economic models, modes of analysis, and argument to legal problems. Economic theory can be applied to legal problems for predictive, explanatory, or evaluative purposes. In explaining or assessing human action, economic theory presupposes a largely unarticulated account of rational, intentional action. Philosophers typically analyze intentional action in terms of desires and beliefs. I intend to perform some action because I believe that it will (is likely to) produce an outcome that I desire. This standard “belief-desire” model of action invokes what philosophers of psychology and action theorists aptly refer to as a “folk psychology.”
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Golubovic, Natasa. "Capital theory and rational choice." Sociologija 51, no. 2 (2009): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0902189g.

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Almost from the very beginning of economic science the notion of capital has been the subject of numerous controversies. The main reason for the concept's controversial nature is that it explains interest and profit. In Marxian theory, where 'manner of production' determines forms of activities, mutual relationships and life of individuals, capital appears as a social phenomenon i.e. social relation. Goods and money are not capital by themselves but become capital in the capitalist way of production. Economics mainstream is based on methodological individualism upon which explanation of social phenomena and processes must be derived from individual behavior and motivation. Capital, therefore, is not a product of capitalism as a socially and historically specific form of economic organization, but is rather perceived as connected to the individual and his or her rational behavior. Rational choice is the basic and sometimes the only explanatory factor in the neoclassic theories of capital. Although theories of human and cultural capital point out the interdependence between individual activity and choice on the one hand, and social position on the other hand in the process of capitalization, the connection remains in the background and somehow unclear. A more explicit indication of the interdependence between social structure and choice can be found in the theory of social capital. The goal of this paper is to explore the role of rational choice theory in explaining the nature of capital.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rational choice theory"

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Nunes, Monica Maria, Ming-tak Kalwan Kwan, Rajvinder Singh, Wai-shun Wilson Tam, 羅嘉雯, and 譚威信. "Explaining money laundering with rational choice theory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/205834.

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This research aims to explore if rational choice theory can be applied to explain money laundering in Hong Kong by drawing on the characteristics of stooges and their motives for colluding in money laundering activities and the effectiveness of imprisonment or other forms of punishments as a means of deterrence. An actor has limited cognitive capacity, makes decisions based on incomplete information and his actions reflect personal optimal beliefs (Piquero and Tibbetts, 2002; Hindmoor, 2006). Findings from the seven in-depth interviews conducted as part of the research and documentary reviews of local court cases support that financial reward is the major reason “why” offenders engage in money laundering activities at both the individual and institutional level. The findings also show that, in addition to ignorant and vulnerable individuals being chosen as stooges, well-regarded individuals and charitable organizations are also possible candidates. The research highlights a luring process experienced by the stooges which supports the psychosocial dynamics of rational choice. The research findings also challenge one of the cornerstones of classical criminology that maximum penalty is an effective means of deterrence.
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Criminology
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Master of Social Sciences
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Madiraju, Santhosh Kumar. "Discourse on rationality : rational choice and critical theory." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6102/.

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The thesis contrasts two hostile and divergent intellectual paradigms in social sciences: rational choice and critical theory. Both rational choice and critical theory offer contrasting perspectives on the structures of social interaction. However, both critical theory and rational choice theory share overlapping concerns ie., both are preoccupied with determining what rational can mean in the realm of social and political interaction. In the case of rational choice paradigm, instrumental reason forms the cornerstone of the theoretical edifice. Ever since the publication of Jurgen Habermas' The lhemy qf Communicative Action Vol. / (1984) and Vol. II (1986) instrumental reason has come under severe attack. His critique anchors on a theory of communicative reason. What makes Habermas' work distinctive is that he does not regard instrumental reason as the single inevitable concomitant of modernity. Habermas sees in modernity an alternative way of conceptualising social interaction in terms of communication rather than strategy. So in a way, his work is a challenge to the defenders of modernity aiming to build a unified social science Jurgen Habermas advances the notion of communicative reason as the centerpiece of a social theory as opposed to instrumental reason. By providing a systematic grounding of the concept of reason in human language, he hopes to establish normative basis of critical theory. This model of reaching agreement or consent constitutes a process of dialogue in which reasons are exchanged between participants. This process is perceived to be a joint search for consensus. Such a dialogic concept of collective choice would necessarily work not with fixed preferences to be amalgamated (as rational choice theories do) but with preferences that are altered or modified as competing reasons are advanced in the course of discussion. In rational discussion, the only thing supposed to count is the power of better argument. Both rational choice and critical theory conceptualise politics in different ways. Rational choice theories critique democratic mechanisms failing to generate general will. Consequently, the political prescriptions offered are limited government or market. On the contrary, the political implications of Habermas' theory of deliberative democracy is anchored in the notion of liberal public sphere envisaging a cognitivist, rationalist vision in which discourse forms a critical normative basis for evaluating the political and moral principles.
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Hern, Richard. "Rational choice theory when tastes are changing through time." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264091.

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Smith, Barry Vaughan. "A Rational Choice Theory of Bureaucratic Responsiveness in Democracies." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279171/.

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Höijer, Rolf. "A rational choice theory of state-formation : with empirical applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270076.

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Engelen, Bart. "Rationality and institutions on the normative implications of rational choice theory." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989561313/04.

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Brege, Nicholas John. "Rational Choice Theory for Financial Strategy in Rural Michigan Community Colleges." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7123.

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Since 2011, drastic declines in tuition revenue for many rural community colleges have hindered institutional budgets and have been the primary driver for the financial strategy decisions made by college leaders. Recent declines in revenue for rural community colleges have created a constrained fiscal environment causing college leaders to increase focus on internal operations. The aim of this research was to expand the understanding of how management decisions influence tuition revenue when demand fluctuates. Data from multiple archival sources including several national and state statistical databases were used. This study used a multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationships between tuition revenue and (a) tuition rate setting strategy, (b) the management of institutional funds, (c) local economic conditions, and (d) age demographics. It was found that tuition rate setting strategy had the largest influence on tuition revenue among the internally controlled factors. Age demographics and economic conditions were found to be significant external factors that influence the tuition revenue at rural community colleges. This study promotes positive social change by providing financial leaders at community colleges greater insight into budgeting strategies that may help protect the financial viability of rural community colleges. The financial strength of community colleges is important for positive social change in rural communities because it assures that these institutions can continue to offer and expand solutions that meet the educational needs of the local communities they serve at a price affordable by all.
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Bryan, Lona. "A Limited Rational Choice Theory in Local Public Health Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5542.

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The threat and occurrence of terrorist attacks have increased in the United States since September 2011, heightening concerns for weaponized anthrax, other biological pathogens, and epidemics and pandemics. Early decisions and funding levels in local public health agencies can be the first line of defense or first point of failure; yet little is understood about how decisions are made when there are budget cuts before a biological event happens. Using Lindblom's conceptualization of limited rational choice theory, the purpose of this single case study was to understand how a local public health official made decisions after budget cuts in a single public health entity in the mid-Atlantic area of the United States. Data were collected through an interview with 1 public health official and publicly available plans, procedures, and funding documents. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis procedure. Findings indicated that the public health agency's ability to make the best decisions were negatively impacted by limited resources, though adequate planning before a catastrophic event, active and continual communication with stakeholders, and clarity about financial and resource needs can partially offset the impact of budgetary reductions. The implications for social change include recommendations to anticipate and address the needs of the public health system through decision making to protect the health care community and the reduction or elimination of the spread of disease in the wake of a biological incident.
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Kong, Yuek-man Josephine, and 江若雯. "Marxist critique of capitalist democracy: theperspective of rational choice Marxism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31228239.

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Sinha, Ashish Kumar. "Towards a positive theory of rational choice, from substantive to procedural rationality." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21637.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Rational choice theory"

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Eriksson, Lina. Rational Choice Theory. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34379-5.

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1939-, Abell Peter, ed. Rational choice theory. Aldershot, Hants, England: E. Elgar, 1991.

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Allingham, Michael. Rational choice. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

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Gilboa, Itzhak. Rational choice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.

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Hill, Paul B. Rational-Choice-Theorie. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2002.

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de Jonge, Jan. Rethinking Rational Choice Theory. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230355545.

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Thomas, Gautschi, ed. Rational-Choice-Theorie. Weinheim: Juventa-Verl., 2011.

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1946-, Carver Terrell, and Thomas Paul 1943-, eds. Rational choice Marxism. [Basingstoke]: Macmillan, 1995.

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Terrell, Carver, and Thomas Paul 1943-, eds. Rational choice Marxism. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania University Press, 1995.

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Scotford, Archer Margaret, and Tritter Jonathon Q. 1965-, eds. Rational choice theory: Resisting colonization. London: Routledge, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rational choice theory"

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de Jonge, Jan. "Rational Choice." In Rethinking Rational Choice Theory, 7–20. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230355545_2.

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Hindmoor, Andrew. "Kenneth Arrow and Social Choice Theory." In Rational Choice, 77–101. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-20997-8_4.

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Hindmoor, Andrew, and Brad Taylor. "Kenneth Arrow and Social Choice Theory." In Rational Choice, 108–38. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-42744-1_5.

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Hindmoor, Andrew. "William Riker and the Theory of Coalitions." In Rational Choice, 49–76. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-20997-8_3.

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Hindmoor, Andrew, and Brad Taylor. "William Riker and the Theory of Coalitions." In Rational Choice, 79–107. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-42744-1_4.

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Cairney, Paul. "Rational Choice Theory." In Understanding Public Policy, 132–53. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-35699-3_7.

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Kebede, Bereket. "Rational Choice Theory." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 5401–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2422.

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Boudon, Raymond. "Rational Choice Theory." In The New Blackwell Companion to Social Theory, 179–95. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444304992.ch9.

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Ward, Hugh. "Rational Choice Theory." In Theory and Methods in Political Science, 76–93. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24106-4_5.

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Andresen, Martin A. "Rational choice theory." In Environmental Criminology, 71–90. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429455391-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rational choice theory"

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Sun, Shu-Min, Chuan-Lin Zhao, Shao-Song He, and Yu-Han Wang. "Analysis of Travel Mode Choice Behavior Based on Rational Inattention Theory." In 22nd COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484265.143.

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Zejda, David. "The Model of Appropriation: Contribution of Rational Choice Theory and Cognitive Science to a Better Technology." In 2011 7th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ie.2011.58.

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Feng, Yunqing, Xuemei Li, and Ning Ma. "Research of Traffic Share in Different Models of Transport Based on the Agent Theory." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74079.

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Passenger share research of different transport models will help the transport sector to develop a more rational operating strategy and provide an important basis for the future transport planning and construction. The development of the Agent theory provides a new direction for the simulation of the passenger share. In this paper, we use the Agent theory combining with the Genetic Algorithms to simulate the passenger share of the four travel modes (the High-speed rail, the common rail, the highways and the civil aviation) in the ShangHai-NanJing transport line. First, we consider each passenger as an Agent according to the Agent theory, and then design the passenger’s travel choice and transform mechanism according to the passenger’s travel choice behavior. Second, this paper has used the genetic algorithm to design the passengers’ interaction mechanism under the interaction in the passengers’ travel choice, including the elimination, crossover and mutation mechanism. Third, we choose the five factors, such as Security, Convenience, Comfort, Ticket Price and Train speed to be the indexes to evaluate the passenger’s satisfaction and conducted a questionnaire survey in the ShangHai-NanJing transport Line. Based on this, this paper uses the entropy theory to get the weight of different types of travelers to different factors and establishes evaluation criteria for the passenger’s satisfaction. At last we use the dates that surveyed in the ShangHai-NanJing transport line to simulate the passenger share of the four transport models (the High-speed rail, the common rail, the highways and the civil aviation) and the characteristic of each type of passenger flow structure. Based on the result of the passenger share simulation, we have also analyzed the sensitivity of the five factors (Security, Convenience, Comfort, Ticket Price and Speed) that affect the passenger’s travel choice and researched how these travel factors affect the passengers’ travel choice and the passenger share of different travel modes.
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Zhou, Feng, and Jianxin (Roger) Jiao. "Quantification of Customer Perception on Airplane Cabin Lighting Design Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13624.

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This paper aims to develop quantitative models of customer perception on products and/or services. Prevailing methods often deal with this issue using utility theory, which uses normative models to make rational decisions without considering affective factors. This paper takes another perspective using cumulative prospect theory through how human users’ subjective experience impacts their choice behavior under uncertainty. Toward this end, quantitative measure of customer perception based on cumulative prospect theory and affective influence in terms of parameter shaping based on hierarchical Bayesian model with Markov chain Monte Carlo is proposed. A case study of airplane cabin lighting design is presented to show the potential and feasibility of the proposed method.
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Dehkordi, Seyede Simin Mirhashemi, and Hojjat Mianabadi. "Game Theory and Dealing with Water Conflict." In 8th Peace and Conflict Resolution Conference [PCRC2021]. Tomorrow People Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/pcrc.2021.005.

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Abstract In the last century, water conflicts have increased in many parts of the world for reasons such as a strong desire for rapid development and poor governance. The impact of these conflicts on various sectors of society such as economic, political and legal subsystems has led researchers to focus on providing solutions and practical methods to deal with water conflicts. Game theory is one of the most common methods used by researchers to manage water conflicts and water allocation in shared and transboundary river basins. Despite the special place of game theory in reductionist sciences, the application of this theory to dealing with conflicts in complex water systems faces challenges. Whereas, the critique of the effectiveness of the game theory method in water conflict management has been neglected. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the capacity to apply the game theory to deal with water conflicts. In order to achieve this purpose, while using library resources, the basics of game theory and the capacity to apply it in the management of water conflicts are analyzed. The results reveal that following the theory of rational choice and rationalism in the game theory method has led to ignore many dimensions and factors affecting the water conflict formation and the way to deal with complex water conflicts. Keywords: Water Conflicts, Game Theory, Peacebuilding, Shared and Transboundary River Basins
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M. Yemelyanov, Alexander, and Alina A Yemelyanov. "Self-Regulation Problem Solving for Sufficient Risk Reduction." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003001.

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This paper proposes the self-regulation model (SRM) for sufficient risk reduction, which is based on the self-regulation model of the thinking process developed within the systemic-structural activity theory. SRM includes two sub-models: formation of mental model and formation of the level of motivation, as well as the regulation of their interaction by using feedback and feedforward controls. Feedback control is regulated by the factor of difficulty, and feedforward control is regulated by the factor of significance. With instrumentally rational goal setting, where “reduce risk sufficiently” is an uncertain goal, self-regulation helps the individual apply their personal beliefs and experiences to find a sufficient solution to the problem. We demonstrate how SRM is implemented in ED2-CPR-Choice, a web application designed for people with serious illness to help them decide whether to attempt CPR.
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Pham, Hiep, Linda Brennan, and Joan Richardson. "Review of Behavioural Theories in Security Compliance and Research Challenge." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3722.

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Aim/Purpose: Inconsistent findings on the effect of various determinants of cyber security behaviour emphasise the need for further understanding of the applicability of compliance theories. The paper provides a critical review of determinants of users’ cyber security behaviour and establishes directions for future research. Background: Cyber security behaviour has been studied using a range of behavioural theories. Factors from these theories help organisations to develop suitable initiatives to encourage positive compliance from the employees. Contribution: The paper integrates factors that can impact cyber security behaviour from Theory of Planned Behaviour, Protection Motivation Theory, Rational Choice Theory and General Deterrence Theory into an overarching framework for better connection of the theories. Previous studies’ findings were analysed to establish research challenges in the field. Future Research: Future research should investigate the complex interaction between organizational and personal characteristics so that a security program can be developed that can effectively engage employees with security tasks even in demanding work environment.
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Mata Diaz, Amilcar, and Ramon Pino Perez. "Impossibility in Belief Merging (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/799.

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With the aim of studying social properties of belief merging and having a better understanding of impossibility, we extend in three ways the framework of logic-based merging introduced by Konieczny and Pino Perez. First, at the level of representation of the information, we pass from belief bases to complex epistemic states. Second, the profiles are represented as functions of finite societies to the set of epistemic states (a sort of vectors) and not as multisets of epistemic states. Third, we extend the set of rational postulates in order to consider the epistemic versions of the classical postulates of social choice theory: standard domain, Pareto property, independence of irrelevant alternatives and absence of dictator. These epistemic versions of social postulates are given, essentially, in terms of the finite propositional logic. We state some representation theorems for these operators. These extensions and representation theorems allow us to establish an epistemic and very general version of Arrow's impossibility theorem. One of the interesting features of our result, is that it holds for different representations of epistemic states; for instance conditionals, ordinal conditional functions and, of course, total preorders.
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M. Yemelyanov, Alexander, Rahul Sukumaran, and Alina Yemelyanov. "Application of ExpressDecision2 in User-Centered and Shared-with-Expert Decisions Under Risk and Uncertainty." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001812.

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ExpressDecision2 is a general-purpose web application designed to support the individual in making difficult decisions under uncertainty, which are emotionally driven and typically solved by using rational intuition. This web app is based on the self-regulation model of the thinking process developed within the framework of the systemic-structural activity theory. This paper demonstrates the application of two customized versions of ExpressDecision2: 1. ED2StatinChoice – for making a patient-centered and shared-with-clinician decision about taking statins for cholesterol reduction to prevent a heart attack or stroke. The two primary resources regarding taking statins for cholesterol reduction are The 2018 AHA/ACC Cholesterol Guideline and Mayo Clinic Statin Choice Decision-Aid tool. These and other guidelines and decision aids, as well as information derived from a health professional, provide the patient with essential information regarding the pros and cons of using statins, while also empowering the patient to make the ultimate decision regarding whether they should take statins. Overall, such a problem is both uncertain and difficult for the patient and so requires them to establish both short- and long-term goals, as well as relevant options for selection. ED2StatinChoice is designed specifically to help the patient make the best choice in such a difficult scenario. ED2StatinChoice complements existing decision-support tools, such as the Mayo Clinic Statin Choice Decision Aid. Its method of assistance involves clarifying the goal and various choices with subsequent aggregation of all pros and cons, thus helping make a motivated decision regarding which statin therapy is most preferable. 2. ED2InsuranceChoice – for making a client-centered and potentially shared-with-agent decision about buying an insurance policy in order to reduce financial uncertainty and make accidental loss more manageable. People buy health, car, life, home and other types of insurance to protect themselves from financial loss in the event of illness, car damage, house fire and other accidents, respectively. For example, they make decisions when choosing from among liability, comprehensive and collision insurance types. This decision-making process is guided by tangible statistical factors regarding people’s risks of accidental losses and by non-tangible factors, such as “peace of mind” due to being protected against financial loss in the event of an accident. It is important to note that peace of mind is an essential and decisive factor when selecting an insurance policy. It reflects subjective justification of rate adequacy for the premium: the premium should be reasonable and coverage must be sufficient. Unfortunately, such non-tangible factors as peace of mind from being protected against financial loss in an accident, as well as anxiety from losing money while paying an insurance premium for coverage that doesn’t get used unless you have an accident are not sufficiently reflected in existing models of insurance choice.
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Filinskih, Aleksandr. "Component approach to the translation of geometric models." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce27710c7721.55039399.

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The article considers the issue of different approaches to assessing the transfer of geometric models of assembly units between different professional software environments of different vendors. A model for calculating the metric of the volume of data loss and the calculation of the relative volume of manual recovery of geometric models after their translation are considered. For evaluation, a hierarchical structure of the parameters of geometric models is used, as well as a graph of parameters, based on which structural weighting coefficients are calculated. Algorithms of the considered approaches are described, their differences are considered. The assembly unit of a machine-building unit was constructed in the Autodesk Inventor Professional software product. Based on the parameters of the obtained geometric model, the corresponding parameter graphs were constructed and calculations were made for each proposed approach to data translation. The model was exported and the resulting files were analyzed. Weights were calculated that reflect expert preferences and structural features and are determined in accordance with the theory of rational choice. The assembly model was translated into the KOMPAS-3D geometric modeling environment. Based on the data obtained in different formats, an analysis was made and parameter distortion coefficients were obtained and the relative amount of parameter data losses was estimated when transferring the geometric model from the professional software environment Autodesk Inventor Professional to the KOMPAS-3D environment. Conclusions are made and recommendations are given on the possibility of applying the component approach to the translation of geometric models in professional software environments.
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Reports on the topic "Rational choice theory"

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Cox, James, John List, Michael Price, Vjollca Sadiraj, and Anya Samek. Moral Costs and Rational Choice: Theory and Experimental Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22234.

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Luoto, Jill, Mario Sánchez, Marco Stampini, Jonathan Cali, Diana M. Pinto, Frederico C. Guanais, Pablo Ibarrarán, and Katherine Grace Carman. Applying Behavioral Tools to the Design of Health Projects. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008508.

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This technical note discusses how behavioral economics insights can be used to enhance the design of health interventions, with emphasis on those addressing non-communicable diseases, by promoting behavioral changes. These interventions are neither sophisticated nor costly, and are particularly suited for cases in which individuals are seemingly not making rational choices about their health. The main contribution of this note is the attempt to orient non-expert practitioners in the analysis of the problem and design of the intervention. For this purpose, we provide a novel framework to map common behavioral biases and barriers that have limited the success of traditional interventions (i.e., bounded rationality, bounded willpower, and bounded selfishness) to the most promising solutions identified in the existing literature (e.g., framing, commitment contracts, and social incentives).
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Mudryj, Igor, and Igor Ivaneіko. The Use of Small Drilling Equipment in the Arrangement of Pile Foundations in Compressed Conditions. Intellectual Archive, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2022_09_11.

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The procedure for finding technological parameters for the installation of pile foundations with small-sized drilling rigs, when developing design and technological documentation in compressed construction conditions, is considered. Methodological approaches to the choice of technologies for the construction of pile foundations are shown, depending on the dimensions of the small-sized drilling machines used, the required area for their placement, storage areas, and auxiliary equipment. in compressed conditions of construction. The existing normative documents do not set out separate requirements for the development of projects for the execution of works in compressed construction conditions, these norms do not provide for the definition of rational erection schemes for the selected set of mechanization in the dimensions of a specific construction site, which is characterized by various restrictions and obstacles. The proposed requirements for the use of mechanization methods in the conditions of compacted buildings during the installation of pile foundations based on a preliminary analysis of the parameters of the construction site: engineering and geological condition of the site; internal brevity of the designed structure; external brevity of the construction site; dimensions of the driving car; sites for the location of additional equipment, warehouses, unloading areas. Taking into account practical experience in the development of work projects and the analysis of current regulatory documents, made it possible to establish the main requirements for the use of small-sized drilling rigs in densely built-up conditions.
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Gosnell, J. Stephen, Minkyung Lee, and Will McClintock. Building Marine Reserve Networks to Fit Multiple Needs: An Introduction to Marine Spatial Planning Using SeaSketch. American Museum of Natural History, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0135.

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Marine spatial planning is growing in use as a tool to aid management efforts in coastal and ocean systems. In this exercise, we briefly review the history and rationale behind marine spatial planning and consider its relationship to and use in ecosystem-based management. We then outline an activity that introduces students to marine spatial planning through the use of SeaSketch (http://training-barbuda.seasketch.org). SeaSketch is a web-based program that allows users to create, analyze, and compare how marine protected areas and networks contribute to achieving conservation goals. Building on the use of SeaSketch to engage stakeholders in the creation of reserve networks off the island of Barbuda, students use a SeaSketch training environment to create networks of marine protected areas that meet habitat protection goals and consider how these networks impact local species and human fishing value. After creating and analyzing individual networks, students engage in small- and large-group discussions to consider and compare alternative plans and decide on final choices. At each of these levels, students can compare their chosen plans to the zoning regulations that were approved in Barbuda. A supplementary PowerPoint presentation accompanies the exercise.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.

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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Bizer, Kilian, and Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.

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The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.
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Enhancing quality for clients: The balanced counseling strategy. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2003.1014.

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A central focus of high-quality family-planning care is the interaction between clients and the providers who serve them. In the ideal client-provider interaction, the provider treats all clients respectfully, responds to their reproductive needs and intentions, helps in the selection of the most appropriate family planning method, and offers sufficient information to use the method safely and effectively. To improve the quality of the client-provider interaction, Population Council staff developed a “Balanced Counseling Strategy,” a type of algorithm or decision tree, to be used in combination with several job aids, or visual memory aids. The Balanced Counseling Strategy structures the client-provider interaction to focus on the client’s needs and support the client’s choice of an appropriate method, and leads to improvements in the client-provider interaction when providers use the strategy along with job aids. This brief describes the Balanced Counseling Strategy as an ongoing approach to improving quality of care. It outlines the origin and rationale for developing the strategy and details its subsequent adaptation for use in other contexts.
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