Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rationales

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rationales'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rationales"

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Copp, David. "Morality, Reason, and Management Science: The Rationale of Cost-Benefit Analysis." Social Philosophy and Policy 2, no. 2 (1985): 128–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500003241.

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The ProblemEconomic efficiency is naturally thought to be a virtue of social policies and decisions, and cost-benefit (CB) analysis is commonly regarded as a technique for measuring economic efficiency. It is not surprising, then, that CB analysis is so widely used in social policy analysis. However, there is a great deal of controversy about CB analysis, including controversy about its underlying philosophical rationale. The rationales that have been proposed fall into three basic, though not mutually exclusive categories. There are moralist views to the effect that an acceptable CB analysis would provide, or contribute to, an ethical appraisal of proposed policies or projects. There are rationalist views to the effect that an acceptable CB analysis would contribute to the selection of social policies and projects that are “socially rational.” Finally, there are so-called management science views to the effect that the purpose of CB analysis is to promote the achievement of objectives held by the policy maker, whatever they may be. Different positions are available within each of these categories. But there is also the possibility that CB analysis lacks any viable rationale. I will examine some of the major rationales for CB analysis in this paper, and I will suggest that the last view is close to the truth.
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Ismail, Suhaiza, and Fatimah Azzahra Haris. "Rationales for public private partnership (PPP) implementation in Malaysia." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 19, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-04-2014-0006.

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Purpose – This paper aims to, first, examine the rationale for implementation of public private partnerships (PPP) in Malaysia. Second, it investigates the differences among perceptions of the public and private sectors, in relation to the rationales for implementing PPP in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey captured the perceptions of the public and private sectors concerning the rationales for PPP implementation in Malaysia. Of 250 questionnaires distributed, 122 usable responses were obtained and analysed using SPSS to rank the importance of the rationales and to examine differences in perceptions between the government and private sectors. Findings – Results show that “to enhance private sector involvement in economic development” is the only rationale that was rated as most important by all respondents. While other rationales were perceived as important, “to reduce the role of the Government in providing public services and facilities” was regarded as the least important rationale by both parties. The results also reveal significant differences between public and private perceptions for the least important rationales. Originality/value – This paper offers empirical evidence on the concept and the rationales for implementing PPP in Malaysia, and also provides evidence on the differences in the perceptions of the public and private sectors in relation to these rationales.
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Xiao, Lu, and John M. Carroll. "Shared Practices in Articulating and Sharing Rationale." International Journal of e-Collaboration 11, no. 4 (October 2015): 11–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100102.

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This paper reports a classroom study in which group learners brainstormed ideas in virtual group space and justified their ideas through articulating their rationales in the shared rationale space. The investigation focused on the learners' practices of articulating and sharing rationales. The results suggest that group members would brainstorm the ideas and generate rationales to justify the ideas before reading the others' ideas and rationales. Also, the members in general brainstormed all the ideas first and then elaborated the rationales to justify the ideas; and grouped the shared rationales according to their authors. The group members' reasoning styles were examined by using Rhetorical Structure Theory to analyze the shared rationales. It was found that similar reasoning styles existed across the groups. Additionally, the group context seemed to have affected the members' strategies of using contextual and additional information to justify their ideas. Several design implications are presented to support the practices of articulating and sharing rationales in virtual group workspace. The authors also articulate how their work contributes to other research areas such as project management, crowdsourcing, and online deliberation. Based on their study, the authors argue for a rationale-based knowledge management approach to complex collective activities in the online environment.
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Brahman, Faeze, Vered Shwartz, Rachel Rudinger, and Yejin Choi. "Learning to Rationalize for Nonmonotonic Reasoning with Distant Supervision." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 14 (May 18, 2021): 12592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i14.17492.

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The black-box nature of neural models has motivated a line of research that aims to generate natural language rationales to explain why a model made certain predictions. Such rationale generation models, to date, have been trained on dataset-specific crowdsourced rationales, but this approach is costly and is not generalizable to new tasks and domains. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which neural models can reason about natural language rationales that explain model predictions, relying only on distant supervision with no additional annotation cost for human-written rationales. We investigate multiple ways to automatically generate rationales using pre-trained language models, neural knowledge models, and distant supervision from related tasks, and train generative models capable of composing explanatory rationales for unseen instances. We demonstrate our approach on the defeasible inference task, a nonmonotonic reasoning task in which an inference may be strengthened or weakened when new information (an update) is introduced. Our model shows promises at generating post-hoc rationales explaining why an inference is more or less likely given the additional information, however, it mostly generates trivial rationales reflecting the fundamental limitations of neural language models. Conversely, the more realistic setup of jointly predicting the update or its type and generating rationale is more challenging, suggesting an important future direction.
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Starck, Jordan G., Stacey Sinclair, and J. Nicole Shelton. "How university diversity rationales inform student preferences and outcomes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 16 (April 12, 2021): e2013833118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013833118.

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It is currently commonplace for institutions of higher education to proclaim to embrace diversity and inclusion. Though there are numerous rationales available for doing so, US Supreme Court decisions have consistently favored rationales which assert that diversity provides compelling educational benefits and is thus instrumentally useful. Our research is a quantitative/experimental effort to examine how such instrumental rationales comport with the preferences of White and Black Americans, specifically contrasting them with previously dominant moral rationales that embrace diversity as a matter of intrinsic values (e.g., justice). Furthermore, we investigate the prevalence of instrumental diversity rationales in the American higher education landscape and the degree to which they correspond with educational outcomes. Across six experiments, we showed that instrumental rationales correspond to the preferences of White (but not Black) Americans, and both parents and admissions staff expect Black students to fare worse at universities that endorse them. We coded university websites and surveyed admissions staff to determine that, nevertheless, instrumental diversity rationales are more prevalent than moral ones are and that they are indeed associated with increasing White–Black graduation disparities, particularly among universities with low levels of moral rationale use. These findings indicate that the most common rationale for supporting diversity in American higher education accords with the preferences of, and better relative outcomes for, White Americans over low-status racial minorities. The rationales behind universities’ embrace of diversity have nonlegal consequences that should be considered in institutional decision making.
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Nardin, Terry. "Humanitarian Imperialism." Ethics & International Affairs 19, no. 2 (September 2005): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2005.tb00497.x.

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Fernando Tesón offers two “humanitarian rationales” for the war in Iraq. The first, which he calls the “narrow” rationale, is that the war was fought to overthrow a tyrant. The second, “grand,” rationale is that it was fought as part of a strategy for defending the United States by establishing democratic regimes in the Middle East and throughout the world–peacefully, if possible, but by force if necessary. Both rationales strain the traditional understanding of humanitarian intervention.
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Booth-Bell, Darlene. "Social capital as a new board diversity rationale for enhanced corporate governance." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 18, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-02-2017-0035.

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PurposeThe benefits of board diversity are often categorized into five distinct business rationales: talent rationale, market rationale, litigation rationale, employee relations rationale and governance rationale. However, if resource dependency theory’s focus on the director’s ability to secure important resources for the firm is considered, social capital as a viable additional rationale for board diversity can also be considered. The purpose of this paper is to argue that diverse members of the board are likely to have social capital that differs from non-diverse members of the board. Consequently, that diverse social capital can bridge the board to new resources for advice and counsel, legitimacy, channels for communication and access to important external elements, thus making a strong argument to be included as a rationale for board diversity.Design/methodology/approachIt is intended to provide a conceptual discussion on whether enhancing the board’s social capital is perhaps a viable and overlooked rationale for board diversity.FindingsConsistent with the other five rationales for board diversity, this analysis suggests that social capital should be considered as a sixth rationale for board diversity. Social capital serves a role in governance and rises to the standard of other rationales for board diversity.Practical implicationsBoards may not recognize that social capital is a strategic resource and sufficiently diverse groups such as women and minorities may be more likely to contribute non-overlapping social capital networks, which may translate into greater external influence and thus additional resources for the firm. This paper may help to influence the viewpoints of directors on who is valuable as a board member.Originality/valueExisting board diversity rationales do not include social capital as a primary rationale for board diversity. It may be possible that social capital becomes a legitimate sixth rationale for board diversity.
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Dutta, Rohan, and Sean Horan. "Inferring Rationales from Choice: Identification for Rational Shortlist Methods." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20130118.

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A wide variety of choice behavior inconsistent with preference maximization can be explained by Manzini and Mariotti's Rational Shortlist Methods. Choices are made by sequentially applying a pair of asymmetric binary relations (rationales) to eliminate inferior alternatives. Manzini and Mariotti's axiomatic treatment elegantly describes which behavior can be explained by this model. However, it leaves unanswered what can be inferred, from observed behavior, about the underlying rationales. Establishing this connection is fundamental not only for applied and empirical work but also for meaningful welfare analysis. Our results tightly characterize the surprisingly rich relationship between behavior and the underlying rationales. (JEL D11, D12, D83, M37)
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Hertwig, Ralph, and Ulrich Hoffrage. "Eingeschränkte und ökologische Rationalität: Ein Forschungsprogramm." Psychologische Rundschau 52, no. 1 (January 2001): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0033-3042.52.1.11.

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Zusammenfassung. Was ist rationales Urteilen und Entscheiden? Eine der klassischen Antworten auf diese Frage ist, dass Urteile und Entscheidungen dann rational sind, wenn sie mit den Regeln diverser normativer Systeme wie zum Beispiel der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie oder der “expected utility“-Theorie übereinstimmen. Mit dieser Auffassung von Rationalität geht die Fiktion einher, dass der rationale Agent über unbegrenzte Ressourcen an Zeit, Wissen und Verarbeitungskapazität verfüge. Uns Menschen stehen diese Ressourcen aber nur begrenzt zur Verfügung. Aus diesem Grund hat Herbert Simon menschliche Rationalität als eingeschränkte (“bounded“) Rationalität konzipiert. Eingeschränkt rationales Urteilen ist aber keineswegs mit schlechtem Urteilen gleichzusetzen. Wir zeigen exemplarisch, dass einfache Heuristiken, die wenig Information benötigen, dennoch zu erstaunlich genauen Urteilen gelangen können. Der Schlüssel zu ihrem Erfolg liegt in ihrer ökologischen Rationalität, das heißt in ihrer Anpassung an die Struktur der Information in der Umgebung, in der sie arbeiten.
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Xiao, Lu, and John M. Carrol. "The Effects of Rationale Awareness on Individual Reflection Processes in Virtual Group Activities." International Journal of e-Collaboration 9, no. 2 (April 2013): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jec.2013040104.

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Reflection is an important part of professional work. Researchers and education practitioners have explored various ways of promoting the reflective thinking process towards educating reflective practitioners. Although group work and group learning activities have become increasingly important in modern society and education systems, an insufficient amount of effort has been put towards cultivating reflective thinking processes in the group setting. In addressing this research gap, they examined one reflection technique, namely, the technique of documenting and sharing rationales, in a virtual workspace for group learning. The authors studied the impact of this technique on the group activities through an exploratory classroom study focusing on the effects of one’s awareness of the others’ rationales, i.e., rationale awareness. In this paper, they reported the findings about the effects of rationale awareness on individual reflection processes in the activities. The authors’ findings suggest that when rationales are articulated and shared in such an explicit manner (e.g., having a dedicated group space to present shared rationales), the development of individual members’ reasoning skills seems to be very much influenced by the other members’ capability or willingness to reason.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rationales"

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Freiberg, Nicole. "Rationales Herdenverhalten Theorie, Empirie und Lösungsansätze /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975013521.

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Rothermel, Paula-Jane. "Home-education : rationales, practices and outcomes." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1005/.

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Bao, Yujia. "Deriving machine attention from human rationales." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122878.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-50).
Attention-based models are successful when trained on large amounts of data. In this thesis, we demonstrate that even in the low-resource scenario, attention can be learned effectively. To this end, we start with discrete human-annotated rationales and map them into continuous attention. Our central hypothesis is that this mapping is general across domains, and thus can be transferred from resource-rich domains to low-resource ones. Our model jointly learns a domain-invariant representation and induces the desired mapping between rationales and attention. Our empirical results validate this hypothesis and show that our approach delivers significant gains over state-of-the-art baselines, yielding over 15% average error reduction on benchmark datasets. Our code and data are available at https: //github. com/YujiaBao/R2A.
by Yujia Bao.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Alscher, Alexander. "Patterns, paths, and rationales in portfolio configuration /." [St. Gallen] : [s.n.], 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016410589&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Pasche, Markus. "Beschränkt rationales Verhalten und Heterogenität im Oligopol /." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/472667394.pdf.

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Stevens, Sarah. "Automated glazed facades : occupant responses and architects rationales." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325292.

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Pickar, Charles K. "Evolving arms transfer rationales: the case of Italy." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25914.

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Conventional wisdom about European arms suppliers holds that they are motivated primarily by financial considerations when faced with a decision to sell arms. This paper argues that the economic rationale is becoming less important in the Italian case. Evidence suggests that as Italy moves into the next decade, the political rationale will become more important. Italy is using arms transfers for reasons of policy rather than economics. There are three reasons for this change: 1) The Italian government has recently instituted a number of changes in the arms transfer mechanism designed to increase control over the export process; 2) The new and still developing defense policy offers Italy an opportunity to use arms sales to increase Italy's power in the Mediterranean; and 3) the Italian nation, long the object of scorn from its northern European neighbors, is gaining a sense of pride in its accomplishments. Italy's gross national product exceeds that of Great Britain and Italian technology is becoming increasingly in demand. These developments have resulted in Italy being treated as a serious middle-level power and in reflected in the arms transfer area
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Khoury, Sarah A. "Marital naming choice rationales of same-sex couples." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10150597.

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Marital naming choices are inevitably made from within the framework of the historical sociopolitical contexts and carry the potential to index particular social, cultural, and political meanings or to be made on the basis of personal, individual, or relationship-bound rationales. While same-sex couples may draw upon the choices and discursive frames put forth in the rationales provided by opposite-sex couples, there is no precedent of tradition for same-sex marital naming, allowing for flexibility and variety in the choices made and rationales invoked by married same-sex couples. This paper demonstrates that the reflexivity necessitated by being a member of a marginalized group newly entering into a normative practice influences naming decisions. Same-sex couples present highly nuanced rationales for naming choices and draw from but rework the traditional, heteronormative frame of marital naming by incorporating novel naming choices. Same-sex couples often make appeals to what “makes sense” for a particular couple in their own relationship in the context of traditional practice, whether regarding children and being seen as a family, biological factors in parenting, or resistance to heteronormative practice.

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Mishra, Sudhanshu Nath. "Explaining machine learning predictions : rationales and effective modifications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121599.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 129-131).
Deep learning models have demonstrated unprecedented accuracy in wide-ranging tasks such as object and speech recognition. These models can outperform techniques traditionally used in credit risk modeling like logistic regression. However, deep learning models operate as black-boxes, which can limit their use and impact. Regulation mandates that a lender must be able to disclose up to four factors that adversely affected a rejected credit applicant. But we argue that knowing why an applicant is turned down is not enough. An applicant would also want actionable advice that can enable them to reach a favorable classification. Our research thus focuses on both the desire to explain why a machine learning model predicted the classification it did and to find small changes to an input point that can reverse its classification. In this thesis, we evaluate two variants of LIME, a local model-approximation technique and use them in a generate and test algorithm to produce mathematically-effective modifications. We demonstrate that such modifications may not be pragmatically-useful and show how numerical analyses can be supplemented with domain knowledge to generate explanations that are of pragmatic utility. Our work can help accelerate the adoption of deep learning in domains that would benefit from interpreting machine learning predictions.
by Sudhanshu Nath Mishra.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Sowazi, Sibongile. "Internationalisation of South African higher education : rationales and implementation." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760923.

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The primary aim of the study is to analyse the South African higher education sector’s understanding and implementation of the internationalisation of higher education, in conjunction with the identification of commonalities, variations and disparities in their activities. This entails the following supporting objectives: 1) understanding of internationalisation in the higher education institutions of South Africa selected for the study; 2) exploring the rationales and approaches undertaken in internationalisation in these particular higher education institutions; and 3) comparing the similarities and divergences of these entities’ internationalisation implementation strategies. The study employed qualitative research techniques; this was influenced by the researcher’s social constructivist stance, in combination with the qualitative investigatory methods, which were the most appropriate for the resolution of the research questions. Secondary data was collected from institutional policy documents, progress reports and websites. Primary data was collected through individual, semi-structured interviews. A comparison across three case studies yielded insights into the way internationalisation of teaching and learning is approached and implemented. All three case studies appear to regard internationalisation as a significant component of their business and activities. However, each institution adopts and interprets internationalisation in diverse manners, in conjunction with prioritising and contrasting different rationales. From the findings, some recommendations were derived for consideration by policy makers and practitioners in higher education institutions. This study has contributed to the body of knowledge by developing a practical tool that may assist in initiating and implementing international partnerships.
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Books on the topic "Rationales"

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Eisenführ, Franz, and Martin Weber. Rationales Entscheiden. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09668-0.

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Eisenführ, Franz, and Martin Weber. Rationales Entscheiden. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09669-7.

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Eisenführ, Franz, and Martin Weber. Rationales Entscheiden. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09670-3.

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Eisenführ, Franz, and Martin Weber. Rationales Entscheiden. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09671-0.

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Eisenführ, Franz, Martin Weber, and Thomas Langer. Rationales Entscheiden. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02849-6.

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Dittmer, Gonde. Rationales Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56272-3.

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Prammer, Heinz Karl. Rationales Umweltmanagement. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11230-3.

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RN, Hill Karen, ed. Pathophysiology: Reviews & rationales. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2004.

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Ann, Hogan Mary. Pathophysiology: Reviews & rationales. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2004.

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Krasser, Nikolaus. Kritisch-rationales Management. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-12201-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rationales"

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Abou-Rihan, Fadi. "Rationales." In Finding Winnicott, 1–18. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003352488-1.

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Grünig, Rudolf, and Richard Kühn. "Rationales Entscheiden." In Entscheidungsverfahren für komplexe Probleme, 35–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03166-3_3.

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Grünig, Rudolf, and Richard Kühn. "Rationales Entscheiden." In Entscheidungsverfahren für komplexe Probleme, 35–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07043-7_4.

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Winter, Bronwyn. "State rationales." In The Political Economy of Same-Sex Marriage, 52–72. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge-IAFFE advances in feminist economics: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315145013-3.

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Prammer, Heinz Karl. "Natürliche Umwelt, Gesellschaft und Unternehmen." In Rationales Umweltmanagement, 1–19. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11230-3_1.

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Prammer, Heinz Karl. "Umweltschutz als Auslöser für die Frage nach einer „neuen“ Rationalität des Managementhandelns." In Rationales Umweltmanagement, 20–75. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11230-3_2.

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Prammer, Heinz Karl. "Das St. Galler Management-Modell als Bezugsrahmen für ein integriertes Management unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der normativen Verankerung des Umweltschutzes." In Rationales Umweltmanagement, 76–89. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11230-3_3.

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Prammer, Heinz Karl. "Umweltschutz im betrieblichen Zielsystem." In Rationales Umweltmanagement, 90–97. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11230-3_4.

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Prammer, Heinz Karl. "Spezifische Informationsinstrumente des ökologisch orientierten Rechnungswesens zur Umsetzung betrieblicher Umweltpolitiken." In Rationales Umweltmanagement, 98–147. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11230-3_5.

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Prammer, Heinz Karl. "Schlußbetrachtung und Ausblick." In Rationales Umweltmanagement, 148–49. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11230-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rationales"

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Sutcliffe, Alistair. "Requirements rationales." In the conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/225434.225439.

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Vafa, Keyon, Yuntian Deng, David Blei, and Alexander Rush. "Rationales for Sequential Predictions." In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.807.

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Donahue, Jeff, and Kristen Grauman. "Annotator rationales for visual recognition." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2011.6126394.

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Carton, Samuel, Anirudh Rathore, and Chenhao Tan. "Evaluating and Characterizing Human Rationales." In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.747.

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McDonnell, Tyler, Mucahid Kutlu, Tamer Elsayed, and Matthew Lease. "The Many Benefits of Annotator Rationales for Relevance Judgments." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/692.

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When collecting subjective human ratings of items, it can be difficult to measure and enforce data quality due to task subjectivity and lack of insight into how judges arrive at each rating decision. To address this, we propose requiring judges to provide a specific type of rationale underlying each rating decision. We evaluate this approach in the domain of Information Retrieval, where human judges rate the relevance of Webpages. Cost-benefit analysis over 10,000 judgments collected on Mechanical Turk suggests a win-win: experienced crowd workers provide rationales with no increase in task completion time while providing further benefits, including more reliable judgments and greater transparency.
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Chen, Chung-Chi, Hen-Hsen Huang, and Hsin-Hsi Chen. "Evaluating the Rationales of Amateur Investors." In WWW '21: The Web Conference 2021. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442381.3449964.

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Strout, Julia, Ye Zhang, and Raymond Mooney. "Do Human Rationales Improve Machine Explanations?" In Proceedings of the 2019 ACL Workshop BlackboxNLP: Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4807.

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Raghavan, Anand, and Thomas F. Stahovich. "Computing Design Rationales by Interpreting Simulations." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dtm-5652.

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Abstract We describe an approach for automatically computing a class of design rationales. Our focus is computing the purposes of the geometric features on the parts of a device. We first simulate the device with the feature in question removed and compare this to a simulation of the nominal device. The differences in the simulations are indicative of the behaviors that the feature ultimately causes. We then use fundamental principles of mechanics to construct a causal explanation that links the feature to these behaviors. This explanation constitutes one of the rationales for the feature. We have implemented a program that can construct these kinds of causal explanations and have tested it on various examples.
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Bao, Yujia, Shiyu Chang, Mo Yu, and Regina Barzilay. "Deriving Machine Attention from Human Rationales." In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1216.

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"TOWARDS DESIGN RATIONALES OF SOFTWARE CONFEDERATIONS." In 6th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002639301050112.

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Reports on the topic "Rationales"

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Bursztyn, Leonardo, Ingar Haaland, Aakaash Rao, and Christopher Roth. Disguising Prejudice: Popular Rationales as Excuses for Intolerant Expression. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27288.

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Fairlie, Robert, Dean Karlan, and Jonathan Zinman. Behind the GATE Experiment: Evidence on Effects of and Rationales for Subsidized Entrepreneurship Training. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17804.

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Kaiser, Frederick M. Interagency Collaborative Arrangements and Activities: Types, Rationales, Considerations (Interagency Paper, Number 5, June 2011). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada551190.

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Katritch, Vsevolod Y. Antigene Strategy in Breast Cancer Therapy: Rationales for Direct Targeting of erbB2/Her2 DNA with Polyamides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403668.

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Recio, Juan F., and Vsevolod Katritch. Antigene Strategy in Breast Cancer Therapy: Rationales for Direct Targeting of erbB2/Her2 DNA with Polyamides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada415582.

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Hearn, Greg, Marion McCutcheon, Mark Ryan, and Stuart Cunningham. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Geraldton. Queensland University of Technology, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.203692.

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Grassroots arts connected to economy through start-up culture Geraldton is a regional centre in Western Australia, with 39,000 people and a stable, diverse economy that includes a working port, mining services, agriculture, and the rock-lobster fishing industry (see Appendix). Tourism, though small, is growing rapidly. The arts and culture ecosystem of Geraldton is notable for three characteristics: - a strong publicly-funded arts and cultural strategy, with clear rationales that integrate social, cultural, and economic objectives - a longstanding, extensive ecosystem of pro-am and volunteer arts and cultural workers - strong local understanding of arts entrepreneurship, innovative business models for artists, and integrated connection with other small businesses and incubators
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Kofler, Jakob, Elisabeth Nindl, Dorothea Sturn, and Magdalena Wailzer. Participatory Approaches in Research, Technology and Innovation (RTI) Policy and their Potential Impact. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.518.

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The present article reviews various concepts of participatory science and research and discusses their potential to exhibit impact on the relationship between science and society. Starting with an overview of rationales, concepts and challenges, different forms and intensities of participatory approaches in research and innovation are discussed. We then look at the situation in Austria and sort selected Austrian funding programmes and initiatives into a diagram according to the intensity of participation as well as the social groups involved in each case. Finally, we try to gain more precise indications of the impact of participatory programmes on the relationship between science and society. Many questions remain unanswered, as precise analyses and evaluation results are usually lacking. While different surveys provide insights into society’s level of information on a general level, interest, involvement and attitude towards science and research, approaches for impact assessment are fragmented and remain on the surface. We therefore propose to develop an analytical framework based on existing approaches and to include collaboratively developed indicators in it.
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Granada, Isabel, Pier Saraceno, and Anna Camilo. The Importance of Financial Information in the Transport Sector: an Encouragement to New Outlooks and Perspectives in Light of the IDB's Vision 2025. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004152.

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Services in the transport sector in Latin America & the Caribbean are provided mainly by private enterprises of different sizes. However, as technical transport specialists, our knowledge and understanding of their management strategies and financial objectives remains limited. Most of the sectorial attention is rightly dedicated to the analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the products/services provided by companies, leaving out of the picture the focus on the “business” side of their structures and operations. Such lack of awareness can be linked to several reasons. But one of the motives that mostly hinder transport practitioners from further analyzing these aspects is the ability to speak the private companies “financial language”. Engineers, planners, and even economists are not always familiar with the instruments of financial analysis, management accounting or corporate finance; concepts that are at the core of this language. When it comes to financial analysis, sectors practitioners are mainly biased in thinking about PPPs issues and project finance. This is certainly not a fault per se! However, such a narrow focus can unquestionably represent an obstacle to the full comprehension of the phenomena and rationales that impact the sectors functioning
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INTERMETRICS INC CAMBRIDGE MA. Ada 95 Rationale. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada293708.

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Flores, A. Y. DOE LLW classification rationale. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10139073.

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