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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rationalism (Architecture)'

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1

Kong, Tae-Woong. "In search of rationalism : architecture of Hendrik Petrus Berlage." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419291.

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2

Setiawan, Arief B. "Modernity in architecture in relation to context." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33871.

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The thesis questions the ways in which architecture might embody the notion of modernity in different cultures and regions yet achieve appropriateness relative to place. In the early twentieth century in the industrialized world, the issue of modernity in architecture was identified with the notions of abstraction and rationalization that colored the development of the modern movement. The second generation of the modern movement queried the roles of human experiences and urban and architectural contexts in architectural design. With the spread of the modern movement to the rest of the world, the issue of context in architecture grew stronger. Following this line of thought, this dissertation examines the tension between modernist abstractionism and urban and architectural contexts in place in which the presence and the role of local knowledge and traditions in architecture remained influential. It investigates modernity in architecture through a specific Asian reading and through an analysis of the work of Geoffrey Bawa of Sri Lanka. Selected works of Geoffrey Bawa are chosen because the significance of his oeuvre is often contested by interpreters who see it as reflecting various contemporary approaches, including regionalism and vernacularism. Thus, in an effort to refute such simplistic explanations of his work, this thesis examines selected works of Bawa, analyzing their spatial organization, formal arrangement, materials, techniques, and building details. In particular, it attempts to highlight the ways in which Bawa articulated the notions of experience and memory in his architecture. These analyses are then placed within the framework of the social and cultural situations that his architecture confronted in Sri Lanka. It is within this framework that we might determine the ways in which modernity and locality were embodied in Bawa's work. Interpretations of his work take into account the understanding of modernity as a cultural practice and an attitude. Modernity as an attitude relates to a specific modernist subject who is able to use reason for judgment in addressing context. In this dissertation, a reading on the work of Walter Benjamin on modernity, the pasts, and traditions frames this understanding of this modernist subjectivity. In architecture, modernity as an attitude means that is not a style but a way of thinking and formulating design intent. This inquiry is then used as a framework within which this dissertation will interpret the relationship between modernity and local identity. The conclusions of the dissertation contribute to an understanding of the achievement of modernity in architecture in tight relationship to context. On a more focused level, it also hopes to contribute to an appreciation of the extant works of Geoffrey Bawa, which the author of this dissertation deems exemplary of what modern architecture might achieve in Asia.
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Popescu, Florentina C. "Four Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Thinkers on the Truthfulness of Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342103775.

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4

Bressani, Martin. "Rationalism and the organic analogy in fin-de-siècle Paris : Auguste Perret and the building at 25b rue Franklin." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71370.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 283-301).
The thesis studies the apartment block at 25b rue Franklin in Paris designed in 1903 by the architect Auguste Perret. It documents the building's history and discusses its design in the context of late-nineteenth-century theoretical debate on housing and architecture. The first part of the study examines the context. It includes an analysis of the ·various constraints that Perret faced at rue Franklin in an attempt to establish clearly the extent of their influence on the design of the building. ~ext a typological survey of the apartment block in nineteenth-century Paris brings out those aspects of the building type considered problematical by the architects of the period. The second part of the study discusses the theoretical issue of rationalism. It first distinguishes the different brands of rationalist theories in France at the end of the nineteenth century. An examination of the 25b shows the mark left by the writings of Eugene Viollet-le-Duc on Perret's rationalist conceptions of architecture. It also illustrates the link established between industry and rationalism at rue Franklin. The third section of the thesis addresses the organic theory of architecture in its relation to the 25b rue Franklin. Contrary to the conventional view, the discussion demonstrates that the design of 25b rue Franklin entailed aims which went beyond a strict response to legal or site constraints or the faithful expression of structure. Perret at rue Franklin attempted to root his architecture in society, nature, and history. This "organicism" was again largely indebted to the insights of Viollet-le-Duc. It also reflected Perret's firm conviction that reinforced concrete itself was an "organic" material which summarized and surpassed all previous materials. With such notions in mind, Perret endeavored to achieve a synthesis of what were considered the two great architectural traditions of the Western world: Gothic and Greek.
by Martin Bressani.
M.S.
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HAMILTON, CRAIG A. "PURPOSE, PLACE, EXPERIENCE: INTEGRATING THE RATIONAL AND POETIC IN THE DESIGN OF A NAPA VALLEY WINERY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148328840.

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6

Marbehant, Sylvain. "Concevoir le contexte de l'architecture: réalité habitée et réalité projetée dans trois doctrines du 20e siècle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209176.

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Cette thèse de doctorat développe un questionnement de nature épistémologique à propos du domaine architectural et des connaissances qui lui sont associées. La théorie architecturale se distingue par la grande diversité de ses formes, par la multiplicité des acteurs qui la mobilisent et surtout par la grande complexité de l'objet qu'elle vise :l'œuvre architecturale. Pour pouvoir aborder de manière lucide ces différents filtres, nous proposons d'en décoder les origines pour une notion théorique particulière: le contexte de l'œuvre architecturale.

Le contexte d'une œuvre rassemble l'ensemble des conditions matérielles, sociocognitives et culturelles qui contribuent à sa signification. Cependant l'interprétation d'un contexte est souvent faite de manière équivoque tant les sources du sens sont multiples et variées pour l'architecture.

Un examen rapide de l'évolution de la culture architecturale dans le courant du 20e siècle permet de situer la grande popularité de la question du contexte dans la seconde moitié de ce siècle. L'importance du contexte y apparaissait comme une force effective pour endiguer la crise du sens que connaissait l'architecture. Une sensibilité commune émergea au sein de trois courants architecturaux – appelés dans cette étude la Team 10, les Italiens et les Américains. Tous fondaient leurs interprétations sur l'idée que les conditions matérielles et historiques d'une situation donnée participent à la signification que prend l'œuvre architecturale chez ses habitants. Ils en déduisirent une série de notions originales qui constituent l'objet de cette étude.

Au moment du repli théorique amorcé au moment du postmodernisme, ces interprétations furent formalisées au sein de trois doctrines :le structuralisme, le rationalisme et le contextualisme. Dans ce cadre doctrinal, à chaque situation donnée pouvaient correspondre plusieurs contextes élaborés a priori et conditionnant sans détour l'œuvre architecturale qui y prenait place. Ainsi, alors que la signification d'un contexte est liée à sa spécificité, ces interprétations formalisées encourageaient la reproduction de stratégies d'interventions architecturales abstraites de toute contingence.

La critique du postmodernisme expliqua ces pratiques caricaturales par l'oubli du rôle actif des auteurs architectes dans le travail d'interprétation du contexte d'une œuvre. Un contexte ne doit pas être interprété seulement en tant que réalité habitée – trouvant son sens chez les habitants de l'œuvre – mais aussi en tant que réalité projetée. – trouvant son sens dans la conception de l'œuvre.

La première hypothèse de cette recherche avance qu'au sein des trois courants à l'origine des doctrines du structuralisme, du rationalisme et du contextualisme s'exprimait consciemment cette différence entre réalité habitée et réalité projetée. Si les formalisations doctrinales écartèrent l'importance de l'engagement créatif des architectes dans l'interprétation d'un contexte n'avait pas été oubliée chez les principaux auteurs de ces trois courants. La seconde hypothèse de cette recherche avance que l'interprétation d'un contexte en tant que réalité projetée est nécessaire pour renouveler le sens de l'œuvre qui y est associée. Par l'engagement de l'auteur architecte, peut naître une relation spécifique entre l'œuvre architecturale et son contexte, spécificité garante de la signification.

Ces deux hypothèses s'appuient sur deux développements. D'abord un double inventaire des principales notions relatives à la compréhension du contexte de l'œuvre architecturale en tant que réalité habitée et en tant que réalité projetée. Ces inventaires sont illustrés par quelques projets exemplaires traduisant l'impact de ces interprétations sur l'architecture construite. Ensuite par une réflexion théorique plus générale développant la relation possible entre la connaissance architecturale et l'œuvre au sein d'une réalité projetée. A la suite de ce second développement de nature épistémologique, nous avançons que par la nature intermédiaire que prennent les connaissances dans le cadre d'une réalité projetée, il s'instaure une relation de réciprocité – et non pas d'autorité - entre le théorique et le pratique.


Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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VIALE, GIULIA. "Una moderna città per le masse di sciatori. Sestriere 1929-1975." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2971990.

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8

Mickala, Cyrille. "Habiter : sciences, phénoménologie et herméneutique à partir de Gaston Bachelard et Maurice Merleau-Ponty." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30030.

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Est-il encore possible de vivre et d’habiter l’espace aménagé et construit en particulier, quant à considérer le déluge technoscientifique et industriel qui détermine et influence le domaine de l’architecture moderne ? Le rationalisme et le fonctionnalisme d’une certaine tendance de l’architecture moderne en intégrant les progrès technoscientifiques et industriels dans le monde de la maison, semble condamner l’expérience d’habiter à une crise irréversible. L’activité architecturale se voulant conforme aux progrès scientifiques et techno-industriels, elle impose à l’expérience pratique de la maison et préscientifique des lieux de vie, des normes de vie découlant de la seule raison. C’est en général une architecture et un urbanisme modernes abstraits et fonctionnalistes qui se développent en suivant la voie de l’objectivité rationnelle ouverte par Galilée et Descartes, ils maîtrisent, administrent et esthétisent le tout du monde ainsi que toutes les expériences humaines à l’espace en les dépouillant des considérations poétiques, mythologiques et affectives. Ainsi, la construction des institutions humaines d’habitation devient dans l’identification de la crise d’habiter, un « processus technologique prosaïque dérivant directement de la raison mathématique, d’un diagramme fonctionnel, ou d’une règle de combinaisons formelles » au désavantage de l’expérience concrète d’habiter. Mais si l’architecture n’a pas affaire qu’à elle-même, si elle n’est pas une pratique qui trouve sa fin en elle-même puisqu’elle s’ouvre vers l’autre, comment peut-on philosophiquement toujours espérer habiter authentiquement, originairement et poétiquement le monde et l’espace de la maison en particulier ? La philosophie, par l’approche phénoménologique et herméneutique à partir de Gaston Bachelard et Merleau-Ponty, présente pour l'expérience moderne d'habiter, des voies significatives originales qui permettent de répondre à la crise qu’elle connait. En renouvelant autrement que par la seule connaissance rationnelle les relations de l'homme à l'espace, elle se présente comme une voie remarquable de ré-compréhension, de relecture et de ré-enchantement de l’expérience originaire d’habiter le monde, la ville et l’espace de la maison
Is it still possible to inhabitate and live the laid out and constructed space in particular, as for considering the techno and industrial flood that determines and influences the field of modern architecture? Rationalism and functionalism of a given trend of modern architecture by incorporating techno and industrial progress in the world of home, seems to condemn the experience of living in an irreversible crisis. The architectural activity wanting to meet scientific and techno-industrial progress, it requires practical experience in home and prescientific places of life, of living standards arising from the only reason. It is a general an architecture and a modern, abstract and functionalist urbanism that develop along the path of rational objectivity initiated by Galileo and Descartes, they control , manage and aestheticize the whole world and all human experience to space by stripping poetic , mythological and emotional considerations. Thus, the construction of human institutions housing becomes in identifying the crisis of living a «prosaic and technological process deriving directly from the mathematical reason, a functional diagram, or a rule of formal suits «in drawback of the concrete experience of living. But if the architecture does not matter to itself, if it is not a practice that is an end in itself because it opens to another, how can we still philosophically hope to authentically, originally and poetically live the world and the space of the house in particular? Philosophy, by phenomenological and hermeneutic approach inheritated from Gaston Bachelard and Merleau-Ponty presents to the modern experience of living, original significant ways that respond to the crisis it faces. Renewing differently more than the only purely rational knowledge the relations of man to the space, it presents itself as a remarkable way of re- understanding, rereading and re-enchantment of the original experience of inhabitating the world , the city and the space of the house
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TRAUSI, PIER PASQUALE. "Patrimoni e paesaggi identitari del primo Novecento, tra modernità e tradizione. Recupero di un passato recente, tra Tecnica e Architettura." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/148989.

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The Modern Movement represents one of the most beautiful pages of the cultural and architectural history of Europe and Italy. The ferments of vanguards brought to the birth of new industries through the development of technical equipment and technological systems, above all in the building field. In this context new stilemas and architectural characters took shape, defined as “New Modern Architecture”. Europe attended the birth of the International Style, a movement aimed at researching a new architectural response to the social-economical changes. In Italy, at the same time, the “Italian Rationalism” started, which, still fought between a traditionalist style and avanguardist one, looked towards the new ferments over the Alps. The development of the building techniques and the use more and more widespread of the reinforced concrete consented to define qualitative and typological characters of the new architectures (like the cantilever roofs, the big lights in the buildings, the monumentality of the portals, the regularity of the openings in the fronts, the glazed walls), which consented to free the prospecta from the rigid froms of the stereometric building. At the same time, the industrial development and, above all, the one of the building materials, has been giving a great support to such a process of innovation in the sector. The policies of autarchy of the time boosted the use and the development of local materials, contributing to the definition of an Italian style. The activity of conservation and safeguard of the architectural Modern heritage are carried out through the preliminary recognition of the architectural works having a distinctly artistic character and of strong elegance for the contemporary architectural culture to subdue to particular forms of attention and preservation. The individuation of such works, from a normative point of view, occurs through the statement of important artistic and architectural nature with the attachment of constraints because of “particularly important works because of their relation to the political, military, literature and culture in general history, that is as witness of the identity and the history of the public, collective or religious institutions” (according to the art. 10 part 3 letter d) of the Code of the cultural heritage and the landscape, D. Lgs. 42/04). Today, after almost a century of history, these architectures can be considered this way as historic identitary heritage to protect and preserve, even not enough recognized as “cultural heritage”. So, we can’t leave aside a careful research and a consequent document production for the protection and valorization of the buildings and the urban complexes of the Modern Movement, symbols of a process of technological and industrial innovation. The research project, thus, has the purpose to provide a mean aimed at the historic, architectural and costructive knowledge of these buildings, with the specific purpose of drawing up “guide-lines” for the recover and critical preservation of such a heritage.
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Lannuzel, Thibault. "Génération Formes Utiles, étude d’un groupe de designers en France : 1945-1973." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040127.

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Le sujet se concentre sur un cycle majeur de l’Histoire de l’art et du design français d’après-guerre, pourtant largement méconnu. Durant cette période de croissance plus communément appelée Trente Glorieuses, une lignée de onze jeunes designers français s’impose ainsi dans le paysage de la création de modèles de série. Cette génération s’attachera à promouvoir le design dès la sortie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, se basant sur la doctrine du fonctionnalisme social défendue plus tôt par Francis Jourdain, père du mobilier de série français et membre de l’UAM, puis par ses disciples René Gabriel et Marcel Gascoin. Leur formation commune au sein des meilleures écoles ou des bureaux d’études de leurs aînés, la similitude des parcours professionnels et l’existence d’affinités personnelles nous permettent ici d’avancer l’hypothèse d’un phénomène générationnel encore jamais identifié en tant que tel. Ensemble et séparément, ces designers s’attachent donc à défendre le rationalisme à la française et une production dépouillée de tout artifice, mais plus largement l’alliance du créateur et de l’industriel pour des formes justes et l’affirmation du beau dans l’utile. En outre, avec eux apparaît le statut de designer qui doit concevoir mobilier et aménagements d’intérieur de qualité, fonctionnel et accessible à tous. Cette génération fondatrice, pourtant reléguée au second plan de l’histoire du design, mérite à ce titre d’être inscrite dans la genèse d’une profession et d’une discipline dont nous tirons encore aujourd’hui les enseignements
The topic is focused on a main period of the history of art and French post-war design but which is though largely unknown. During this period of growth also called « Trente Glorieuses », a line of eleven young French designers impose their self in the landscape of the model’s creation. This generation tries hard to promote the design from the end of the Second World War by basing on the social functionalism’s doctrine which is defended before by Francis Jourdain, father of the French serial furniture and member of the UAM, and then by his disciples René Gabriel and Marcel Gascoin. Their communal training in the best schools or in the design offices of their eldests, the similarity of their careers and the existence of personal affinities may allow us to claim the possibility of a generational phenomenon never identified in itself yet. Together or separately, this designers desire to defend the French rationalism and a production without any artifice, but above all the collaboration of the creator and the manufacturer for relevant forms and the proclamation of the beauty in the utility. Moreover, it is with them that appears the designer status who has to conceive furniture and interior organisations of quality and which is functional and reachable for everyone. This pioneer generation, relegated at the middle ground of the design history, deserves to have their place in the genesis of a profession and a discipline from which we still learn lessons
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Escoda, Pastor Carmen. "El magnetismo del lugar en la arquitectura. Un análisis a través del dibujo de las diferentes estrategias de intervención en el paisaje a partir de la arquitectura del Movimiento Moderno." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84054.

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El emplazamiento es y siempre ha sido un condicionante de la obra arquitectónica, pero ha sido a partir de la arquitectura del Movimiento Moderno que se le ha otorgado un papel protagonista en ese juego de relaciones que se producen entre la obra y su contexto, entrando a formar parte inextricable del proceso proyectual y de su representación gráfica. Para poder formular una reflexión sobre las incidencias diversas del lugar en la arquitectura y alcanzar los principales objetivos de la investigación, a lo largo de esta tesis se muestran, a través de diferentes proyectos, distintas estrategias con respecto a la implantación y conformación de esa arquitectura en la que los hitos del lugar están presentes en cada momento. La incorporación de innovadoras tecnologías de construcción y de nuevos materiales conlleva un nuevo lenguaje arquitectónico, una especial sensibilidad por el entorno y nuevos procesos de experimentación tanto a nivel formal como contextual posibilitando un diálogo más estrecho con el lugar. A partir de ese momento también en el campo de la representación gráfica se producen cambios, en parte debido a la aparición del cine y de la fotografía, que junto a otros factores facilitan la obtención de una visión más amplia, más de conjunto y a la vez más personalizada e intencionada. Aparecen los apuntes de viaje, los fotomontajes y las perspectivas aéreas y se hace especial énfasis en las primeras tomas de contacto con el lugar. Ya desde los años 50, muchos teóricos han definido la arquitectura como arte del lugar, paralelamente a la definición de la arquitectura como arte del espacio. Tanto el espacio como el lugar pasan a considerarse explícitamente como esencia de la arquitectura. A través del análisis de varios proyectos arquitectónicos a partir del Movimiento Moderno, obras emblemáticas por todos conocidas, se trata de observar y de señalar los aspectos más relevantes del proceso creativo del proyecto bajo el prisma de la consecución de ese fin de integración con el lugar. Ello nos llevará a una serie de reflexiones en busca de unas intenciones y de unas estrategias comunes entre los diferentes casos analizados, al margen de los saltos generacionales, ya que tanto se hablará de una obra de Wright como de una obra de Siza. En esta búsqueda se insistirá en una serie de conceptos fundamentales como el de las trazas y fuerzas vivas del lugar, organicidad y proceso orgánico, la ruptura de la caja, el continuum topográfico, el dinamismo de la componente horizontal y la descomposición, conceptos con los que comulgarán todos los arquitectos seleccionados. De este modo la tesis abre un camino de reflexión sobre la importancia del lugar en la arquitectura y de cómo se conforma esa arquitectura que nace en ese lugar de manera que no estropee el paisaje donde se implanta, sino todo lo contrario, que lo reordene y que lo mejore, contribuyendo paralelamente al interés por la formación de nuevas investigaciones en esta línea.
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Howitt, Corin. "Rationality, computational architecture, and the frame problem." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422443.

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Kontoyanni, Florence. "Architecture rationaliste en Grèce : typologie scolaire des années trente /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1195.

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Chen, Hui-Min. "A critique on scientific rationality in the production of architecture." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23114.

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Wu, Yiping. "Bounded rationality for BitTorrent networks." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6681.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Mole, Karen. "A structural rationalist design for the 1996 Olympic Natatorium at Georgia Tech." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22392.

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Thibault, Estelle. "Entre expression et sensations : les esthétiques scientifiques de l'architecture en France, 1860-1950." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082529.

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Dans la France du milieu du 19e au milieu du 20e siècles, une série d'écrits affichent l'ambition récurrente de fonder une " science de l'esthétique architecturale ". Au moment où l'esthétique se constitue progressivement comme discipline, les architectes, de César Daly à André Lurçat, cherchent dans ce nouveau domaine des appuis pour étayer une rationalisation des effets de l'architecture sur le sujet. Au fil de leurs textes apparaît un déplacement des modèles de rationalité, de la philosophie vers les sciences expérimentales. Psychologie, physiologie, sociologie sont mobilisées pour constituer un savoir dont l'objet est l'homme, destinataire de l'architecture, dont on pourrait modéliser les réactions affectives. Ces réflexions ont contribué à infléchir la conception de l'architecture comme " langage " et la manière de considérer le corps humain comme étalon de l'architecture. Elles ont également favorisé la construction de méthodes d'analyse formelle appliquées aux édifices
In France, from the middle of the 19th to the middle of the 20th century, a series of writings repeatedly proclaim the objective of founding a “science of architectural aesthetics”. As aesthetics is gradually becoming a separate discipline, architects, starting from César Daly to André Lurçat, are searching in this new field for the theoretical underpinnings of a knowledge that would aim at the rationalization of the effects of architecture on man. The source of their theoretical models switches from philosophy to experimental science. Psychology, physiology, sociology are brought together to build a knowledge of man as the addressee of architecture, a subject for whose reactions theoretical patterns can be found. The evolution of this knowledge has helped form a conception of architecture as a “language” and a way of considering the human body as the standard of architecture. This thinking has also led to the definition of methods of formal analysis applied to buildings
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Lackner, Tamara M. (Tamara Magda) 1975. "Enhancing children's educational television with design rationales and justifications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16751.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-60).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
This research involves creating a system that provides parents with tools and information to help children learn from television. Children who converse with their parents during television viewing are better able to evaluate and make sense of content. However, children might learn more if they are encouraged to go from simply understanding content to generating questions and problem solving strategies. To do this, we need to deliver teaching and learning strategies to parents so they can initiate dialogues with their children around television. This research describes a system, called the Parent Trap, which sends messages to parents about the television shows that their children watch. The information in the messages tries to model dialogues that promote more frequent and longer conversations, which include inquiry and explanation. These conversations might facilitate additional learning from television and encourage further discourse between parents and children around other programs and activities. In the thesis, I suggest ways that television shows can be augmented with additional, digital information to help parents learn strategies for conversing with their children. I also present preliminary evaluations to show that developing these strategies may help television producers change the ways that they think about the educational value of their content.
Tamara M. Lackner.
S.M.
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ASCHLIMAN, SARA LYNNE. "PROCESS AND IMAGE: INTEGRATING RATIONALITY AND SENSUALITY IN THE DESIGN OF A CHOCOLATE FACTORY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1053619725.

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Jacob, Delphine. "Pierre Guariche designer-architecte d'intérieur (1926-1995) et les nouveaux programmes architecturaux issus de la croissance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010506/document.

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Cette thèse propose une approche monographique du parcours professionnel de Pierre Guariche, décorateur-créateur d’ensembles-Architecte d'intérieur français. Les «Trente Glorieuses» représentent un tournant décisif chez ce professionnel car elles coïncident avec les débuts de l'industrialisation de la filière ameublement. Le contexte historique et politique explique son engagement dans la création de programmes complets d'objets destinés il meuble les logements standardisés de la Reconstruction. Il comprend que le mobilier de série, fabriqué par des procédés industriels et a des prix raisonnables. peut remédier aux effets de l'insuffisance de la politique de l'Etat français. Afin d'adapter son mobilier «moderne» au plan-type. il s'inspire dl' la production des designers américains et crée des objets rationnels normalisés et innovants sur le plan technique et esthétique. En 1954, il sollicite Michel Mortier et Joseph-André Motte, et crée avec eux l' Atelier de Recherches Plastiques. Ils comprennent tous les trois que les jeunes créateurs doivent se fédérer autour d'un projet commun: la promotion de leurs meubles de série auprès des industriels, Par la suite, chacun reprend son indépendance pour se consacrer à ses travaux respectifs. Les nouvelles orientations professionnelles de Pierre Guariche lui offrent la possibilité de collaborer à des programmes inédits d'architecture intérieure, nés de la politique d'aménagement du territoire. Cette thèse aborde donc le contexte social, politique et économique durant lequel il exerce son activité mais également des faits et des acteurs, ce qui ouvre de futurs champs à explorer dans l'histoire du design français
This thesis puts forward a monographic approach to the career of Peter Guariche, designer-creator of French interior designer assemblies. The "Glorious thirty" represent a decisive turning point for this professional because they coincide with the beginning of industrialization in the furniture sector. The historical and political context explains his involveruent in the creation of full programs of articles intended to furnish standardized Reconstruction housing. He realizes that the mass production furniture, produced by industrial processes and at reasonable prices, can solve the effects of the failure of the policy of the French state, To adjust his "modem" furniture in the plan-type, it is inspired by the production of Arnerican designers and creates innovative standardized and rational objects on a technical and aesthetical level. ln 1954, he solicits Michel Mortier and Joseph-André Motte and creates with them L'Atelier de Recherches Plastiques. They understand that ail three young designers must unite around a common project: promoting their mass production furniture with manufacturers. Thereafter. each of them takes their independence and takes back their respective work. The ncw professional guidance of Pierre Guariche offers him the opportunity to collaborate on original interior architectural programs. stemming from the land use policy. This thesis deals with the social, political and economic contexts in which he practices, but also the facts and actors. which open up future areas to explore in the history of French design
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Puppi, Marcelo. "La dimension culturelle du rationalisme structurel : architecture, histoire et utopie chez Léonce Reynaud, Fernand de Dartein et Auguste Choisy." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010517.

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Dans l'histoire de l'architecture, le rationalisme structurel du XIXe siècle a toujours été envisagé du point de vue du rapport entre l'architecture et la science. Si cette perspective a contribué significativement à la compréhension des liens entre l'architecture et son contexte culturel, elle constitue néanmoins encore une approche partielle du sujet. On peut maintenant aller plus loin et appréhender l'autre part du rationalisme à savoir la dimension esthétique qui s'avère au moins aussi importante sinon plus que la dimension scientifique. La pensée de L. Reynaud et de ses élèves F. De Dartein et A. Choisy est une source privilégiée pour élargir l'intelligence du sujet. Jusqu'à présent, elle n'a pas encore été intégralement perçue. D'une part, au motif qu'ils sont ingénieurs, on en déduit un peu trop vite qu'ils n'outrepassent pas les limites de la méthode analytique de Durand. D'autre part, on considère que la mise en valeur de l'art par Reynaud représente simplement une concession faite à la doctrine de Quatremère de Quincy et à l'Académie. Reynaud, Dartein et Choisy restent encore des auteurs à découvrir. Ce travail vise à montrer, d'abord que leur approche théorique et historique relève d'une méthode synthétique ou organiciste, et plus particulièrement de la pensée saint-simonienne; ensuite que la dimension esthétique joue un rôle majeur dans la conception qu'ils se font de la connaissance comme de l'architecture, de la théorie comme de la pratique; et enfin que c'est surtout par l'intermédiaire de la dimension esthétique que l'on peut approfondir l'étude des rapports reliant leur conception de l'architecture au contexte culturel et social de l'époque.
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22

Yazgan, Begum. "Post-war Systems Ecology And Environmentally-appropriate Approaches In Architecture Since 1960s." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607199/index.pdf.

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Environmentally - appropriate architectural works are considered by certain critics as relatively oriented without any theoretical basis other than a technicist perspective. Furthermore, this technicist approach, which puts emphasis on the application of scientific rationality, is supposed as being challenged through an arcadian agenda, which claims the return to pre-industrial values through the revival of the vernacular. In the thesis, it is argued that contrary to the assumptions that the green architecture is highly relativistic depending on the ideological standpoints, it is founded upon a holistic philosophy established on the studies pursued by post-war ecological scientists who followed systems approach. It is claimed that the aforementioned duality between the technicist and the arcadian approaches finds its expression in the contemporary green architecture depending on the philosophical framework provided by the systems approach. Systems sciences deal with the ways in which elements of a certain whole come together to make up an organization. Its main principle is that a particular element can only be studied with regard to the totality of which it belongs. Ecologists who endow a systems perspective study on the assembly rules through which living and nonliving members of biological systems are organized into groups. In this thesis, it is put forward that the philosophical outlook and methodology that came along with the systems thinking offers a basis for green architecture. It is provided a historical-analytical survey of the emergence of the systems approach in the architectural discipline since the 60s. It is argued that the 60s appropriation of the systems approach in architecture is still influential in the contemporary green architecture
that today&
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s architects utilize the theories and methods put forward throughout this process of appropriation in their works, alongside the scientific terminology developed by the systems ecologists.
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Bigot, du Mesnil du Buisson Françoise. "Gustave Serrurier, 1858-1910 (Serrurier-Bovy) : parcours d'un architecte à l'aube du XXème siècle : rationalisme, art social, symbolisation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS019S.

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Ce travail a suivi trois axes de recherche : une étude de la vie de Gustave Serrurier (Liège, 1858 - Liège, 1910) et de son entourage socio-politique et culturel, une étude de ses écrits (publications et manuscrits) et de sa bibliothèque personnelle, une réflexion sur quelques unes de ses œuvres majeures (architecturales, décoratives et mobilières). L’analyse et le croisement des faits biographiques, des écrits et des œuvres a permis de renouveler la vision que l’on avait de l’artiste comme celle des soubassements idéologiques de ses travaux. Ainsi mettent-ils en lumière l’action conjuguée de trois forces théoriques dans les créations de cet architecte-designer : sa vision morale d’un mode de vie intimiste et simple dans un monde plus égalitaire, son rationalisme constructif inspiré par son maître à penser Viollet-le-Duc et son attachement à l’expression symbolique. De cette analyse se dégage aussi un autre visage de Gustave Serrurier. Il ne fut pas seulement le designer que l’on sait mais un homme de réflexion et un militant passionné qui explose dans les limites étroites à l’intérieur desquelles on l’étudie généralement, c’est à dire celles de l’art nouveau. Il a posé de vraies questions sur le rôle de l’art dans la vie et sur les conditions optimales de la vie quotidienne de tout un chacun. Il a vraiment cherché à mettre sa vie et son œuvre en cohérence avec ses conclusions. Malgré sa position modeste de facteur de meubles et d’architecte d’intérieur, il apparaît comme un véritable penseur qui influa sur le futur
This work followed three research orientations: a study of the biography of Gustave Serrurier (Liège, 1858 - Liège, 1910) and of his socio-political and cultural environment, a study of its writings (publications and manuscripts) and its personal library, a thinking about some of its major works (architectur, decoration and furniture). The analysis and the crossing of the biographical facts, the writings and works made it possible to renew the vision which one had of the artist like that of the theoretical bases of his work. Thus they clarify the combined action of three theoretical forces in creations of this architect-designer : its moral vision of an intimist and simple way of life in a more egalitarian world, its constructive rationalism inspired by his mentor guide Viollet-le-Duc, his attachment to expres! sion symbolic system. From this analysis also another face of Gustave Serrurier is revealed. He was not only the designer whom one knows but a philosophical man and an impassioned militant who explodes within the narrow limits inside which one generally studies him, i. E. Those of the art nouveau. He raised actual questions about the role of art in life and about the optimum conditions for everyone’s everyday life. He really sought to put his life and his work in coherence with his conclusions. In spite of his modest position as a factor of pieces of furniture and interior architect, he seems an actual thinker who influenced the future
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Martouzet, Denis. "Normes et valeurs en aménagement-urbanisme, limites de la rationalité et nécessité de prise en compte du multi-niveaux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128031.

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Le document est composé de quatre parties. La première relate le parcours personnel de recherche, sur le plan institutionnel et sur celui des thèmes abordés et des travaux effectués. Cependant, plus important que cette simple présentation, est l'exposé du parcours intellectuel en montrant tout d'abord l'importance de la complémentarité entre une recherche en aménagement-urbanisme et une recherche sur l'aménagement-urbanisme. Cela permet par la suite d'approfondir la notion d'interdisciplinarité en aménagement-urbanisme. Alors qu'elle est généralement seulement évoquée ou invoquée, elle nous apparaît comme devant être raisonnée, large et critique. De même, nous expliciterons le parcours méthodologique qui a consisté à partir du choix d'une conception de l'aménagement-urbanisme comme étant essentiellement technique pour arriver ensuite à une conception plus politique de cette pratique.
La deuxième partie entre dans le vif du sujet des valeurs en aménagement-urbanisme, en clarifiant la problématique, en fournissant les définitions nécessaires ainsi que les différents courants de l'aménagement-urbanisme pour montrer la plurivocité des termes utilisés. Au-delà de la terminologie, ces courants reposent sur des fondements idéologiques différents et la situation actuelle apparaît comme un mixte entre ces différents courants et des pratiques qui ne réfèrent à aucun d'entre eux. Un certain pragmatisme ne permet plus au concepteur et/ou au décideur de mouler son projet dans l'idéologie contenue dans les textes d'un théoricien ou dans un courant, quels qu'ils soient. Etre aménageur-urbaniste, c'est être l'utilisateur d'un certain nombre de pratiques, de savoir-faire et de connaissances, mais aussi le vecteur de croyances, plus ou moins fondées, plus ou moins vraies mais absolument nécessaires pour travailler l'espace, concevoir un projet, répondre à une commande. Cet ensemble de croyances qui incluent des valeurs amène la question d'un éventuel déterminisme des valeurs chez l'aménageur-urbaniste, déterminisme non absolu.
Avant d'analyser certaines d'entre elles, il est nécessaire de faire un détour concernant l'apparition des valeurs, non en tant que telles, mais en tant que question : qu'est-ce qui fait que, actuellement, les valeurs, qui ont toujours existé, posent question ? La disparition progressive ou la relativisation du paradigme rationaliste, exposé en général et dans ses applications à l'aménagement-urbanisme, fournit un élément d'explication de l'apparition de nouvelles formes de pratiques qui mettent en avant d'autres valeurs que celles qui tournent autour des notions de rationalité, de déduction, de cohérence. Ainsi, une double approche théorique et historique de l'aménagement-urbanisme, comme pratique identifiable dans l'histoire et comme mise en œuvre d'un paradigme puis des conséquences de la relativisation de celui-ci, est menée.
Les valeurs qui nous paraissent les plus mobilisées dans la pratique de l'aménageur-urbaniste fonctionnent comme des couples fin-moyen : l'équité comme mise en œuvre sur le plan spatial, par la transformation de l'espace, de la justice sociale forme, avec celle-ci, le premier couple. Le second est celui composé de la mixité et de la solidarité. La première permet-elle la seconde ? De quelle manière ? La référence à la loi relative à la Solidarité et au Renouvellement Urbains est évidente et inévitable. Le troisième couple lie cohérence spatiale et cohésion sociale. Quelles sont les relations entre ces deux notions ? Laquelle détermine l'autre ? Enfin, une valeur permet de donner une certaine cohérence à ces trois couples dont les contradictions internes sont mises en évidence. Il s'agit de l'intérêt général. On peut, lui aussi, l'analyser dans un couple, non de type fin/moyen, mais d'opposition entre intérêt particulier et intérêt général. Cependant, il sera plutôt analysé en termes de mise en cohérence, éventuellement arbitraire, entre les couples précédents.
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Forte, Riccardo. "L'architecture coloniale italienne en Libye : les doctrines, les programmes, les pratiques (1930-1940)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010661.

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L'architecture moderne en Libye naît au début des années 30 du XXè siècle, lorsque les avant-gardes du rationalisme italien mettent au point les fondements doctrinaux d'une nouvelle discipline architecturale coloniale, les villes de Tripoli et Benghazi étant le laboratoire expérimental de ce processus. La modernisation du "Quatrième Rivage", qui démarre en 1934 sous l 'impulsion du gouverneur Italo Balbo, est la caisse de résonance propagandiste d'un projet urbain et social titanesque fonde sur la création d'une architecture rationnelle qui emploie les matériaux et les techniques d'innovation. Entre 1930 et 1934, la mystique du retour a l'"esprit latin éternel" affirme la vision identitaire d'une architecture méditerranéenne qui aspire au rôle de primauté sur la culture mode me européenne. La conquête de l'Empire en 1936 sanctionne l'affermissement d'une démarche totalitaire, qui impose un langage architectural forge ,sur la mythologie de la romanité et sur le monumentalisme licteur.
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Kim, Hoyoung. "Conceptual expression and depictive opacity: Changing attitudes towards architectural drawings between 1960 and 1990." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54363.

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This dissertation is a study of a remarkable change that came about in the kind of drawings that architects used to present their work between the decades of 1960 and 1990. Drawings in this period, visually rich and compositionally complex, seemed to mark an entirely new sensibility towards their function; their goal seemed to be not so much to clearly depict the forms of a proposed building, but to instead focus on its conceptual aspects. In fact, in several cases, drawings seemed to be treated as graphic projects in their own right, over and above the work they presented. This trend was accompanied by two other developments. Around the same time, there was a sudden increase in theoretical interest in drawings within the architectural community leading to a flurry of published articles, essays and books on the topic. And all this happened to coincide with the time that the Postmodern movement came to dominate architecture. The study aims to understand the relationship between these trends, and to develop a better understanding of the reasons for these changes to have occurred. It does so by, first, developing a theoretical framework to help understand the nature and impact of the changes in drawings. Next, it presents a detailed historical account of these changes. This is followed by an in-depth study of a single architect, James Stirling, to show how the new types of drawings were not simply a means to present ideas, but played a formative role in design as well. Apart from developing a contextualized historical account of an important development in contemporary architectural history, the study also finds that the change in the drawing practice and the theoretical interests were not simply an outcome of Postmodern cultural theory of the period, but were instigated by concerns that arose from within architecture itself. It thus offers a useful case-study on how changes in disciplinary practice are brought about.
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Toshimitsu, Thaís Mitiko Taussig. "O rio, a cidade e o poeta: impasses e contradições na poesia de João Cabral de Melo Neto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8151/tde-27042010-115834/.

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A poesia de João Cabral de Melo Neto sofre por sua indefinição de lugar. Este trabalho, então, vai à busca da especificação do lugar social que ocupa o eu poético na obra do autor e, a partir disso, da definição de seu projeto estético, pautado pela aproximação das formas populares e, ao mesmo tempo, por seu oposto as mais sofisticadas formas de arte de seu tempo, constituídas pela racionalidade e não pela tradição. Trata-se de pensar as duas faces de sua poesia, durante tanto tempo compreendidas como duas vertentes incomunicáveis de sua poética, como definições que se articulam em dependência. O vértice comum teria origem na consciência do poeta acerca do subdesenvolvimento, como condição do país. É a partir disso que Cabral, primeiro, intenta a aproximação com a cultura popular, buscando nela a redução da distância entre as classes sociais no país. Para em seguida, incluir no poema as formas da modernização através das quais o país se transformava, tentando fazer do poema gesto de intervenção rigorosa sobre a matéria local. A racionalidade, por isso, será apresentada em sua poesia como nova alternativa ao subdesenvolvimento.
The poetry of João Cabral de Melo Neto suffers from a lack of definition of place. Therefore, this study seeks to specify the social place occupied by the lyric self in the authors work and, from this, define his aesthetic plan, guided by the contrasting of popular forms and their opposite the most sophisticated art forms of his time, representing rationality instead of tradition. The two faces of his poetry, which for so long time were understood as two independent branches of his poetics, are seen as definitions that articulate dependently. The common vertex originates in the poets awareness of Brazils condition as an underdeveloped country. Cabral first attempts to incorporate popular culture, seeking to reduce the gap between the countrys social classes. Then he includes in the poem the forms of modernization through which the country was being transformed, trying to make the poem a gesture of rigorous intervention on the local material. Rationality, therefore, is presented in his poetry as a new alternative to underdevelopment.
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Petrucci, Guido. "La diffusion du contrôle à la source des eaux pluviales urbaines : confrontation des pratiques à la rationalité hydrologique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00793159.

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La gestion des eaux pluviales urbaines connait une évolution majeure depuis les années 1960 : d'une stratégie basée sur l'évacuation rapide et totale des eaux pluviales de la ville, on passe progressivement à une stratégie de contrôle à la source (CS). Ces 10 dernières années ont vu une généralisation du CS, ainsi qu'en témoigne l'augmentation du nombre de réglementations de rejet. Ces dernières imposent, dans les nouvelles parcelles urbanisées, la réalisation d'ouvrages ayant pour fonction de réguler et/ou de retenir les eaux pluviales : les techniques alternatives (TA). Une systématisation de ces réglementations ne va pas manquer de générer dans l'avenir de nombreux bassins versants urbains fortement équipés en TA, et dont le comportement hydrologique sera déterminé par les réglementations appliquées. Il apparaît que le choix d'une réglementation par une collectivité est un choix complexe et, d'une collectivité à l'autre, des logiques différentes sont appliquées, dont la cohérence globale peut être discutée. Cette thèse questionne et analyse les politiques de CS, et en particulier les réglementations de rejet, dans une perspective de compréhension de leurs effets hydrologiques dans le long terme. Elle comprend deux analyses complémentaires : nous étudions d'abord l'évolution des politiques de CS dans six collectivités en France, afin de déterminer les logiques appliquées dans le choix des réglementations. Nous présentons ensuite une analyse hydrologique des conséquences de ces réglementations sur le comportement de bassins versant urbains "modèles". Cette analyse, centrée sur la modélisation hydrologique des bassins, permet de questionner les politiques de CS actuelles, mais aussi de discuter des outils que l'hydrologie urbaine peut fournir pour permettre la mise en place de politiques de CS cohérentes, en phase avec le fonctionnement hydrologique des bassins versants
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Le, conte des floris Robin. "Effet des biais cognitifs et de l'environnement sur la qualité des données et des informations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLM004.

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Du point de vue du philosophe Friedrich Nietzsche, il n’y a pas de réalité qui existe en soi, pas de fait brut, pas de réalité absolue : tout ce que nous définissons comme étant la réalité n’est, en fait, que le résultat de processus d’interprétation qui nous sont propres. Or, les données stockées sur les systèmes d’information ne sont souvent rien d’autre que la représentation codée de déclarations émises par des êtres humains, relevant donc intrinsèquement de l’interprétation humaine et étant par conséquent affectées par les mêmes biais et limites qui caractérisent la psyché humaine. Cette thèse propose un nouveau cadre conceptuel, le modèle "Data Binding and Reification" (DBR), qui décrit le processus d’interprétation des données, puis de réification de l’information, en utilisant une nouvelle approche qui place les mécanismes de perception humaine au cœur de celui-ci. En mobilisant les sciences cognitives et comportementales, cette approche permet d’identifier dans quelle mesure l’intervention de l’homme et la structure de l’environnement auquel il est soumis conditionnent l’apparition de biais cognitifs affectant ces processus. Les résultats expérimentaux valident partiellement ce modèle en identifiant les caractéristiques de l’environnement affectant, dans un contexte organisationnel, le processus de collecte de données et la qualité des informations produites. Ces travaux ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives, telles que l’élaboration d’une architecture de choix au sens de l’économiste Richard Thaler, pouvant améliorer le processus même de collecte de données en modifiant l’expérience des utilisateurs du système d’information
From the perspective of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, there is no reality that exists in itself, no raw fact, no absolute reality: everything that we define as reality is, in fact, only the result of interpretation processes that are unique to us. Mo-reover, the data stored in information systems is often nothing more than the coded representation of statements made by human beings, thereby inherently involving human interpretation and consequently being affected by the same biases and limitations that characterize the human psyche. This thesis introduces a new conceptual framework, the "Data binding and reification" (DBR) model, that describes the process of data interpretation, and then the reification of information, using a new approach that places human-perception mechanisms at the heart of this process. By mobilizing cognitive and beha-vioral sciences, this approach allows us to identify to what extent human intervention and the structure of the environment to which one is subjected condition the emergence of cognitive biases affecting these processes. Experimental results partially validate this model by identifying the characteristics of the environment that affect, in an organizational context, the data-collection process and the quality of the information produced. This work opens up numerous perspectives, such as the development of a choice architecture in the sense of the economist Richard Thaler, which could improve the very process of data collection by modifying the experience of users of the information system
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Manson, Andrew John. "Rationalism and Ruins in Roma Mussoliniana: The 1934 Palazzo del Littorio Competition." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8T43SMK.

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This dissertation examines the intersection of architecture, urban planning and archaeology in Mussolini’s Rome; in particular, it focuses on the first competition to build the Palazzo del Littorio (1934), the Fascist Party headquarters, on the Via dell’Impero. The competition is singularly important as a barometer and benchmark of Italian interwar architectural practice in the period when the country was at the apogee of its self-confidence and international regard. Yet it was also a moment of aesthetic crisis, when the two stylistic poles of modernism and traditionalism oscillated between acceptance and censure in a struggle to be the dominant style of the professional establishment. At issue in the Palazzo Littorio competition was the prized objective of giving monumental definition to Fascist identity that would resound across the ages. This study traces the attempt of modernist critics and architects, such as Pietro Maria Bardi and Giuseppe Pagano, to make avant-garde architecture the de facto architecture of the state. The Palazzo Littorio competition tested Italian modernism’s capacity to create a suitable representative structure and confront the problem of monumentality. The competition was also inextricably linked to the transformation of the central archaeological area through excavations and road building. The palazzo’s site in the ancient center of Rome made it the primary example of the regime’s attempt to associate contemporary buildings with Roman ruins and thereby root itself in imperial Rome. This study describes the vast program of excavations in the city center and the creation of the Via dell’Impero, a road framed by ruins transformed into a scenographic backdrop to urban spectacle. The objective is not only to illuminate the contours of the competition and the intersection of architecture and archaeology, but also to elucidate the means by which architects answered the dual demands of rhetoric and ruins in the heart of the Eternal City.
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Sousa, Jorge Tiago Monteiro Castro e. "Método racionalista na definição da forma : Hotel das Camélias, Porto." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/12248.

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Orientação: Edite Maria Figueiredo Rosa.
A presente Dissertação procurou investigar e refletir sobre a noção de Racionalismo e seus métodos na Arquitetura a partir das conceções teóricas de Josep Maria Montaner e conceções mais técnicas de Kenneth Frampton, e tendo como casos de estudo a obra de Le Corbusier e Oscar Niemeyer. Métodos como o módulo, o protótipo ou a setorização foram importantes para clarificar a importância da noção de “Racionalismo” especifico neste caso um programa de hotel, tendo como fim a concretização e a validação do referido conceito no domínio da organização funcional de um projeto e da sua forma. Com base no projeto do Hotel das Camélias, como exemplo, elaborou-se uma reflexão, autocrítica, inter-relação e justificação segundo a investigação feita acerca da noção de Racionalismo no desenho e na forma. Este projeto tomado como exemplo procura tentar entender os processos que levaram às diferentes fases do mesmo, quer no posicionamento perante a cidade e quer em que medida o conceito de Racionalismo está incutido na determinação da forma deste projeto. A presente dissertação atesta o entendimento que a base dos métodos e ideais Racionalistas, na sua máxima expressão, permitem que o controlo da planta possa ser explícito em alçado e na definição da forma, todos aliados ao conceito inicial, não vedando o resultado final à forma seguir a função, mas permitindo também à forma ser o resultado de um conceito apoiado nesses mesmos métodos para atingir um “objeto” singular.
The present dissertation sought to investigate and reflect on the notion of Rationalism and its methods in Architecture from the theoretical conceptions of Josep Maria Montaner and more technical conceptions of Kenneth Frampton, and having as a case study the work of Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer. Methods such as the module, the prototype or the sectorization were important to clarify the importance of the notion of “Rationalism” specific in this case a hotel program, aiming at the concretization and validation of the referred concept in the domain of the functional organization of a project and its form. Based on the Hotel das Camélias project, as an example, a reflection, self-criticism, interrelationship and justification was elaborated according to the research carried out on the notion of Rationalism in design and form. This project taken as an example seeks to try to understand the processes that led to the different phases of the same, both in positioning in towards the city and to what extent the concept of Rationalism is inculcated in determining the shape of this project. The present dissertation attests to the understanding that the basis of Rationalist methods and ideals, in their maximum expression, allow the control of the plant to be explicit in elevation and in the definition of form, all allied to the initial concept, not forbidding the final result to form follow the function, but also allowing the shape to be the result of a concept supported by these same methods to reach a singular “object”
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De, Paola Pasquale. "A Question of Method: Architettura Razionale and the XV Milan Triennale of 1973." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10488.

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My doctoral work aims to construct a theoretical and intellectual framework to understand a set of remarkable developments concerning the Italian discourse on architecture from the early 1950s to the mid 1970s. This was when the term Rationalism and its theoretical body of work acquired renewed prestige replacing the ephemeral aesthetic of the modernist movement with a grounded discourse based on a deep understanding of the city as background of all architectural artifacts. The main hypothesis of my research is that this return to a rational methodology characterized by a deep understanding of architecture's internal building logic and identifiable in the work and ideas expressed in the International section of the XV Triennale Exhibition of 1973 had a significant and lasting impact on the thinking and formation of architecture culture in Italy and worldwide. This dissertation will thus attempt to construct a matrix of historical and methodological associations and demonstrations that validate and legitimize that rational methodology through a close examination of the work and key concepts of Tendenza, a group of architects in the Italy of the 1960s, pointing out their importance in preparing the ground for the International section of the XV Triennale Exhibition of 1973, which represented a major point of arrival and a point of departure for architecture culture in Italy and worldwide.
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33

Veselá, Radmila. "Auguste Perret a česká architektura." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322240.

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Auguste Perret made his mark in history as the first architect to make use of ferroconcrete as an expressive material. The Rue Franklin apartments, the Garage Ponthieu, and the Church in Le Raincy are all milestones in the development of world architecture. In my dissertation, I have outlined the situation in the French architectural criticism in the first decades of the 20th century in order to provide background to Perret's career, which is chronologically treated in another part of the dissertation and completed with an overview of Perret's important buildings. I also wanted to demonstrate the interconnection of his projects with his theoretical thinking. I have referred to the sources of Perret's doctrine and presented the themes that this architect consistently developed throughout his creative life. In my research I took advantage of a rich collection of preserved archives of Perret's office, and both historical and contemporary literature. In another part of the dissertation, I attempted to find answers to the questions of Perret's reception in the Czech context and his contacts with Czech architects. I was also interested in Perret's relation to Czech architecture and in the last section I examined whether we can find works in Czech architecture that directly reflect Perret's influence. We...
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34

GUGA, ANDIA. "L'architettura razionalista italiana d'oltremare. Gli edifici teatrali tra analisi e confronto." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1001905.

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Questa ricerca si fonda sull’ individuazione e l'analisi degli edifici teatrali sotto la parabola razionalista in Italia e nelle colonie d'oltremare, due realtà diverse dal punto di vista geografico e linguistico. La prima attingeva le proprie radici nel repertorio di un passato glorioso subendo contemporaneamente l’influenza di altri movimenti d’epoca, mentre l’altra mediava tra il linguaggio mediterraneo caratterizzante ogni singolo paese e l’impronta dell’identità dell’architettura italiana in contesti estranei al paese d’origine. Le tematiche della ricerca sono suddivise in tre capitoli principali. Nel primo capitolo si riporta una sintesi generale del significato dello “Stile Razionalista” come espressione di tradizione, modernità e mediterraneità in Italia. Il secondo capitolo viene interamente dedicato all’ architettura nelle colonie d’oltremare suddividendo i sottocapitoli in base alla cronologia di colonizzazione. Pertanto ho riportato i paesi di Libia, Grecia (Dodecaneso), Etiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Albania ed anche alcuni progetti di architetti italiani d’altri paesi non coloniali. Per ultimo, il capitolo sulla città di Tirana, la capitale albanese, originariamente ottomana, che ha avuto una parabola razionalista occidentale e di cui le maggiori opere pubbliche sono state progettate e costruite negli anni ’20 -‘40. Nell’ ultima parte della tesi ho trattato in breve sintesi il Realismo Socialista, il Teatro dell’Opera all’ interno del Palazzo della Cultura Albanese. La conoscenza delle città, con tutto il patrimonio variegato di edifici costruiti anche in epoche differenti, è tema di studio non solo per i singoli progettisti operanti nel territorio, ma anche per la cultura collettiva. Infatti la ricerca tende a dare una chiave di lettura urbana e architettonica, che va dalla grande alla piccola scala alla quale potremo fare riferimento nella progettazione futura. This research is based on the identification and analysis of the theater buildings in the rationalist period in Italy and in the colonies, two different realities in terms of geography and language. The subjects of the research are divided into three main chapters. The first chapter is a summary of the general meaning of "Rationalist Style" as an expression of tradition, modernity and mediterrenianity in Italy. The second chapter is based entirely on architecture in the colonies overseas, and divided in subchapters based on the history of colonization, Libya, Greece (Dodecanese), Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Albania. The last chapter is based on the city of Tirana, the Albanian capital, originally Ottoman, which has had a western rationalist influence and where the most public works are designed and built in the '20s and 40s. In the last part of the thesis I discussed in brief summary the Socialist Realism and the Opera House inside the albanian Palace of Culture. The knowledge of the city, with all the varied heritage of buildings constructed in different eras, is the subject of study not only for individual architects working in these areas, but also for the collective culture. In fact, the research tends to give a key to urban and architectural design, from large to small scale to which we should refer in the future designing.
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Cucuzzella, Carmela. "Design thinking and the precautionary principle : development of a theoretical model complementing preventive judgment for design for sustainability enriched through a study of architectural competitions adopting LEED." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5174.

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Cette thèse contribue à une théorie générale de la conception du projet. S’inscrivant dans une demande marquée par les enjeux du développement durable, l’objectif principal de cette recherche est la contribution d’un modèle théorique de la conception permettant de mieux situer l’utilisation des outils et des normes d’évaluation de la durabilité d’un projet. Les principes fondamentaux de ces instruments normatifs sont analysés selon quatre dimensions : ontologique, méthodologique, épistémologique et téléologique. Les indicateurs de certains effets contre-productifs reliés, en particulier, à la mise en compte de ces normes confirment la nécessité d’une théorie du jugement qualitatif. Notre hypothèse principale prend appui sur le cadre conceptuel offert par la notion de « principe de précaution » dont les premières formulations remontent du début des années 1970, et qui avaient précisément pour objectif de remédier aux défaillances des outils et méthodes d’évaluation scientifique traditionnelles. La thèse est divisée en cinq parties. Commençant par une revue historique des modèles classiques des théories de la conception (design thinking) elle se concentre sur l’évolution des modalités de prise en compte de la durabilité. Dans cette perspective, on constate que les théories de la « conception verte » (green design) datant du début des années 1960 ou encore, les théories de la « conception écologique » (ecological design) datant des années 1970 et 1980, ont finalement convergé avec les récentes théories de la «conception durable» (sustainable design) à partir du début des années 1990. Les différentes approches du « principe de précaution » sont ensuite examinées sous l’angle de la question de la durabilité du projet. Les standards d’évaluation des risques sont comparés aux approches utilisant le principe de précaution, révélant certaines limites lors de la conception d’un projet. Un premier modèle théorique de la conception intégrant les principales dimensions du principe de précaution est ainsi esquissé. Ce modèle propose une vision globale permettant de juger un projet intégrant des principes de développement durable et se présente comme une alternative aux approches traditionnelles d’évaluation des risques, à la fois déterministes et instrumentales. L’hypothèse du principe de précaution est dès lors proposée et examinée dans le contexte spécifique du projet architectural. Cette exploration débute par une présentation de la notion classique de «prudence» telle qu’elle fut historiquement utilisée pour guider le jugement architectural. Qu’en est-il par conséquent des défis présentés par le jugement des projets d’architecture dans la montée en puissance des méthodes d’évaluation standardisées (ex. Leadership Energy and Environmental Design; LEED) ? La thèse propose une réinterprétation de la théorie de la conception telle que proposée par Donald A. Schön comme une façon de prendre en compte les outils d’évaluation tels que LEED. Cet exercice révèle cependant un obstacle épistémologique qui devra être pris en compte dans une reformulation du modèle. En accord avec l’épistémologie constructiviste, un nouveau modèle théorique est alors confronté à l’étude et l’illustration de trois concours d'architecture canadienne contemporains ayant adopté la méthode d'évaluation de la durabilité normalisée par LEED. Une série préliminaire de «tensions» est identifiée dans le processus de la conception et du jugement des projets. Ces tensions sont ensuite catégorisées dans leurs homologues conceptuels, construits à l’intersection du principe de précaution et des théories de la conception. Ces tensions se divisent en quatre catégories : (1) conceptualisation - analogique/logique; (2) incertitude - épistémologique/méthodologique; (3) comparabilité - interprétation/analytique, et (4) proposition - universalité/ pertinence contextuelle. Ces tensions conceptuelles sont considérées comme autant de vecteurs entrant en corrélation avec le modèle théorique qu’elles contribuent à enrichir sans pour autant constituer des validations au sens positiviste du terme. Ces confrontations au réel permettent de mieux définir l’obstacle épistémologique identifié précédemment. Cette thèse met donc en évidence les impacts généralement sous-estimés, des normalisations environnementales sur le processus de conception et de jugement des projets. Elle prend pour exemple, de façon non restrictive, l’examen de concours d'architecture canadiens pour bâtiments publics. La conclusion souligne la nécessité d'une nouvelle forme de « prudence réflexive » ainsi qu’une utilisation plus critique des outils actuels d’évaluation de la durabilité. Elle appelle une instrumentalisation fondée sur l'intégration globale, plutôt que sur l'opposition des approches environnementales.
This thesis is a contribution to the general theory of design thinking. In the prevalent demand for a sustainable development, the main objective of this research is the construction of a theoretical model of design thinking that contextualizes standard sustainability evaluation tools. The basis of these normative tools is analyzed in four dimensions: ontological, methodological, epistemological and teleological. Indications of potential counter-productive effects of these norms for design thinking confirm the need for a theory of qualitative judgment. Our central hypothesis revolves around the benefits of the underlying conceptual framework of the ‘precautionary principle’ for design thinking, the first formulations of which goes back to the early seventies in Germany, and was in fact created as a way to address the failures of traditional scientific evaluation tools or methods. The thesis comprises five parts. Beginning with a historical perspective, a review of classical models of design thinking, specifically focuses on the evolving approaches for addressing sustainable development. Theories of “green design” coming from the early sixties, theories of ecological design of the seventies and eighties are finally converging on the developing theories of “sustainable design” formulated in the early nineties. The underlying theories of the precautionary principle are then reviewed and explored for the specific context of design within the perspective of sustainability. Current methods of standard risk assessment methods are compared to a precautionary approach, revealing their conceptual limits for design thinking. A preliminary theoretical model for design thinking is then constructed adopting the theories underlying the precautionary principle. This model represents a global vision for judging the design project in a context of sustainability, rather than on traditional approaches for risk assessment, which are purposive and instrumental. The precautionary principle is further explored for the specific context of architectural design. This exploration begins with a historical perspective of the classical notion of ‘prudence’ for guiding architectural judgment. In light of the contemporary issues related to sustainability, we then examine the challenges of judging architectural projects given the increasing international prominence of such standard evaluation methods (i.e. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, LEED). The thesis proposes a reinterpretation of design thinking as proposed by Donald A. Schön is introduced such that the use of tools, like LEED can be contextualized. This exercise reveals an epistemological barrier, which shall be taken into consideration when reformulating the theoretical model. In accordance with a constructivist epistemology, a new theoretical model is therefore confronted to the study and illustration of three contemporary Canadian architectural competitions adopting the standard evaluation method LEED. A preliminary set of ‘tensions’ identified in the judgment process and design thinking is further categorized into their conceptual counterparts. These are: (1) analogical/logical conceptualization; (2) epistemological/methodological uncertainty; (3) interpretive/analytic comparability; and (4) universal/contextual relevance of the proposal. These conceptual tensions are considered as vectors that come into correlation with the theoretical model, enriching it, yet without validating it, in the positivist sense of the word. These confrontations with the real, help better define the epistemological barrier identified above. This thesis therefore highlights the often underestimated impact of environmental standards on the judgment process and design thinking, with particular, albeit non restrictive, reference to contemporary Canadian architectural competitions for public buildings. It concludes by stressing the need for a new form of “reflective prudence” in design thinking along with a more critical use of current evaluation tools for sustainability founded on a global integration rather than on the opposition of environmental approaches.
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Bouraoui, Dhouha. "Projets des logements à la suite des désastres : analyse du système organisationnel et évaluation de la satisfaction des usagers dans un projet de reconstruction dans la région du Maghreb." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3719.

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Plusieurs études ont révélé des problèmes récurrents au niveau de la performance et de la gestion des projets de reconstruction à la suite des catastrophes dans les pays en voie de développement (PEVD). Ces projets doivent faire face à des conditions de vulnérabilité des habitants, engendrées par des facteurs politiques, économiques, sociaux et culturels. Les divers participants - contraints par un accès limité à l’information - sont confrontés à travailler dans un contexte hostile ayant un niveau d’incertitude élevé. Ce niveau d’incertitude augmente les risques du projet de reconstruction, particulièrement le risque d’insatisfaction des usagers. Ce travail vise à mettre en parallèle l’analyse du système organisationnel adopté pour la conduite d’un projet de reconstruction et celle du niveau de satisfaction des usagers. Il émet l’hypothèse suivante: deux facteurs organisationnels influencent largement le niveau de satisfaction de la part des bénéficiaires d’un projet de reconstruction de logements à la suite d’un désastre en PEVD: (i) le niveau de centralisation de la prise de décisions (jumelée au manque d’information) au sein de la Multi-Organisation Temporaire (MOT); et (ii) la capacité de la structure organisationnelle de la MOT d’impliquer la participation active des usagers au niveau de la planification, de la gestion, du financement et du design du projet. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, une recherche empirique fut menée pour analyser le cas des inondations ayant eu lieu en 2003 dans une ville dans la région du Maghreb. Le niveau de satisfaction des usagers a été déterminé grâce à des indicateurs de transfert de technologie qui se basent sur l’analyse du « Cadre Logique » - une méthode d’évaluation largement utilisée dans le domaine du développement international. Les résultats de la recherche ne visent pas à identifier une relation de cause à effet entre les deux variables étudiées (la structure organisationnelle et la satisfaction des usagers). Cependant, ils mettent en évidence certains principes du montage et de la gestion des projets qui peuvent être mis en place pour l’amélioration des pratiques de reconstruction.
Construction projects are temporary endeavors with a defined beginning and end, conducted by a temporary and multi-disciplinary team called a Temporary Multi-Organization (TMO). In the hostile environment of post-disaster reconstruction, participants of the TMO must confront high levels of uncertainty which increases project risks. The non-acceptability of project outcomes is one of the most frequent risks reported in literature (UNDRO, 1982; Barenstein, 2008; Dikmen, 2006). Acceptability is related with users’ satisfaction. However, according to the theory of bounded rationality, actors of the TMO - confronted with limited information and resources - cannot achieve an optimal solution. Instead, both project actors and end-users accept a «satisficing» [SIC] solution (Simon, 2004). This study hypothesizes that two organizational factors have an important influence on user satisfaction in post-disaster housing projects: (i) centralized decision making (coupled with lack of information); and (ii) the capacity of the structure of the Temporary Multi-Organization (TMO) to take into account the active participation of users in project planning, management, financing and design. A case study of a post-disaster housing project in the Maghreb region helps us validate this hypothesis. Building up on this hypothesis, indicators of technology transfer (as proposed by the Logical Framework Analysis) serve as a basis to assess users’ satisfaction. The research does not establish a cause-effect relationship between the two variables of the study. However, the analysis of the structure of the TMO and users’ satisfaction highlight several principles, related with the project initiation and management, that can be implemented to improve reconstruction practices in developing countries.
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Dumas, Simão de Faria Gonçalves. "Habitação : casa modular do barlavento." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9249.

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Orientação: Ana Cristina Santos Bordalo
O presente trabalho é uma reflexão de um modo de habitar, em harmonia, sobre um território virgem. Apresenta uma alternativa à construção tradicional, através do desenvolvimento de um módulo que s complementa com outros módulos e a sua envolvente natural (a paisagem onde se insere). Apresenta-se um tipo de habitação que vai ao encontro de uma nova forma de vida, associada ao êxodo urbano e aos movimentos neo-rurais. Desta forma, desenvolveu-se um módulo de habitação que procura promover uma utilização racional e consciente na utilização das necessidades naturais, como a água e energia. A pesquisa bibliográfica realizada permitiu analizar e interpretar os actuais conceitos de ruralização, de arquitectura modular, bem como formas de habitar junto da natureza ou em espaços pequenos para através deles desenvolver elementos arquitectónicos que permitissem dar resposta aos objectivos iniciais desta investigação. Outro tema predominante para a presente investigação, foi o modo de viver em espaços móveis, como veleiros ou caravanas - estruturas que servem para viver directamente com a envolvente. São móveis e transportam consigo os equipamentos necessários para uma determinada autonomia. Algumas soluções são adaptadas, no projecto que se apresenta. O território do barlavento algarvio tem algumas restrições na construção de novos espaços de habitação ou comércio. Assim, são várias as soluções encontradas para adicionar, criar habitação ou outros espaços comunitários. Desta forma, surgem variadas soluções arquitectónicas nos mais variados pontos deste território. O módulo proposto neste trabalho, com a sua forma hexagonal, e capacidade de adaptação ao local e à tipologia, cria uma identidade arquitectónica ao território. O barlavento do Algarve e Costa Vicentina tem uma identidade própria, na sua morfologia, fauna e flora endémicas. Necessita, também, manter a sua identidade arquitéctónica e salvaguardar a sua autenticidade. Este projecto propõe a construção de um módulo que permite anexar-se a outros, de forma a criar um espaço habitável. Assim, existe a possibilidade de construir espaços de variadas tipologias. São propostos seis módulos equipados de diferentes maneiras. Para além do módulo base, propõe-se outros três, equipados com cozinhas e/ou casa de banho. Outros dois são espaços exteriores de terraço, com ou sem alpendre. Os módulos estão equipados com sistema de painéis fotovoltaicos e armazenamento da energia, tal como depósitos de água e sistema de recolha de água da chuva.
The present work is a reflection of a way of inhabiting, in harmony, on a virgin territory. It presents an alternative to traditional construction, through the development of a module that complements with other modules and its natural surroundings (the landscape where it is inserted). It presents a type of housing that meets a new way of life, associated with urban exodus and neo-rural movements. In this way, a housing module has been developed that seeks to promote rational and conscientious use of natural needs, such as water and energy. The bibliographical research carried out allowed us to analyse and interpret the current concepts of ruralisation, modular architecture, as well as ways of living in nature or in small spaces, through which to develop architectural elements that would allow us to respond to the initial objectives of this research. Another predominant theme for the present investigation was the way of living in mobile spaces, such as sailboats or caravans - structures that serve to live directly with the surroundings. They are mobile and carry the necessary equipment for a certain autonomy. Some solutions are adapted in the project presented. The territory of the western Algarve has some restrictions in the construction of new spaces of housing or commerce. Thus, there are several solutions found for adding, creating housing or other community spaces. In this way, diverse architectural solutions appear in the most varied points of this territory. The module proposed in this work, with its hexagonal shape, and capacity to adapt to the site and typology, creates an architectural identity to the territory. The Western Algarve and Costa Vicentina have their own identity, in their morphology, endemic fauna and flora. It also needs to maintain its architectonic identity and safeguard its authenticity. This project proposes the construction of a module that allows to be attached to others, in order to create a liveable space. Thus, there is the possibility of constructing spaces of various types. Six modules equipped in different ways are proposed. Besides the base module, three others are proposed, equipped with kitchens and / or bathroom. The other two are outside terrace spaces, with or without porch. The modules are equipped with a system of photovoltaic panels and energy storage, such as water tanks and rainwater collection system.
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Mičková, Barbora. "Koncepce libertariánského paternalismu v rekodifikaci českého soukromého práva." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-336727.

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The master thesis The concept of libertarian paternalism in the recodification of Czech private law introduces a concept that works as an efficient synthesis of two different approaches to the relationship between the individual and the state: liberalism and paternalism. Libertarian paternalism deals mainly with the default system setting and setting of the recommendations and mechanism that are helpful in the decision making process of an individual as well as the whole society. The master thesis defines this concept, its main attributes and its tradition in the behavioral economics as well as its means and limits. The thesis shows how the use of this concept provides cheap and effective tools for nudging human decisions and behavior. The libertarian paternalistic approach in the law regulation is demonstrated in the new civil recodification, especially Civil Code 2012 as the fundamental act of civil law. The master thesis uses interdisciplinary approach to the topic, applying the perspectives of philosophy of law, economy, psychology and sociology.
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