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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rationalism'
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Österman, Tove. "Rationality and cultural understanding /." Uppsala : Dept. of Philosophy, Uppsala University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8161.
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Dyson, Henry. "Stoic rationalism." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4299.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 13, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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McKay, Steve. "Biological rationalism." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18277.
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I argue that contemporary philosophy of language in the analytic tradition rests on two fundamentally wrong assumptions: empiricism and externalism. After I show why these two assumptions are incorrect, I turn my attention to biological rationalism. Biological rationalism—a research program inspired by the work of Noam Chomsky—is committed to nativism and internalism. I believe biological rationalism provides the best framework to achieve a genuine understanding of language. I try to show this by considering the biological rationalist answers to major problems in philosophy of language.Je soutiens que la philosophie du langage telle qu’élaborée dans la tradition analytique contemporaine repose sur deux hypothèses erronées: l’empirisme et l’externalisme. Après avoir démontré que ces deux hypothèses sont incorrectes, j’examine le rationalisme biologique. Le rationalisme biologique—un programme de recherches inspiré par les travaux de Noam Chomsky—repose sur deux idées directrices: l’innéisme et l’internalisme. Je crois que le rationalisme biologique offre le meilleur cadre afin d’obtenir une compréhension réelle du langage. Je cherche le démontrer en examinant les réponses qu’apporte le rationalisme biologique à certains problèmes majeurs en philosophie du langage.
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Kisner, Matthew J. "Descartes' naturalistic rationalism /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3112874.
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Decker, Jason (Jason Andrew). "Modality, rationalism, and conditionals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39344.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, February 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-108).
This thesis consists of three interconnected papers on apriority, modality, and conditionals. In "Playground Conditionals," I look at three philosophical debates, each of which turns on the epistemic status of a certain kind of conditional-what I call a playground conditional. I argue that a close consideration of playground conditionals gives us a better appreciation of what we can do with conditionals and, ultimately, some guidance concerning what to say about the three philosophical debates. In "Modal Rationalism, Two Dimensionalism, and our Counteractual Sisters", I consider the prospects for modal rationalism in the wake of Kripke's Naming and Necessity. Recently there has been a modal rationalist revival, thanks in part to the development of the "two-dimensional" semantic framework. This framework associates two intensions (a primary intension and a secondary intension) with every sentence. The difficulty comes in finding a definition of primary and secondary intension that would lend the desired support to modal rationalism. After exploring and rejecting some of the proposed definitions in the literature, I sketch an account that can, I think, offer some support to a suitably framed modal rationalism.
(cont.) Finally, in "A Guide to Modal Guidance," I set about to get clearer on how, exactly, we come to know modal truths. I start by considering two arguments that are designed to show that our access to modal knowledge cannot come from conceivability arguments. I show that, these arguments are mistaken. In the process, I attempt to outline a broader and more realistic modal epistemology than one that focuses exclusively on conceivability. I then consider and reject a version of modal rationalism which says that ideal conceivability gives us a priori access to modality. Against this, I argue that our modal knowledge is predominantly a posteriori, and that our knowledge of ideal conceivability is always a posteriori. In the end, however, I attempt to salvage something that preserves the spirit, if not the letter, of modal rationalism.
by Jason Decker.
Ph.D.
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Brunsdon, Edward. "Critical rationalism : a critical essay." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480836.
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Ali, Aun Hasan. "Imamite rationalism in the Buyid Era." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99568.
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The aim of this study is to revise existing theories of the Imamite turn towards rationalism. In the first chapter I discuss trends in Imamite thought during the period of the presence of the Imams; explore the impact of the Occultation on the Imamite community; and assess the character of the Imamite traditionism in the century after the Occultation. The bulk of the second chapter comprises a comparison of two texts: I`tiqadat al-imamiyya by Ibn Babuya, which represents Imamite traditionism during the first century of the Occultation, and Tas&dotbelow;h&dotbelow;ih&dotbelow; i`tiqadat al-imamiyya, which is a correction to Ibn Babuya's creed by his student al-Shaykh al-Mufid, considered the founder of the rationalist school in Imamism. Finally, in the conclusion I will address the conceptual problems found in the intellectual history of this stage of development in Imamite thought with reference to the recent work of Quentin Skinner.Le but de cette étude est de réviser les théories existantes au sujet de la tournéeimamite vers le rationalisme. Dans le premier chapitre, je discute les tendances dans lapensée Imamite pendant la présence des Imams, en éxaminant l'impact de l'Occultationsur la communauté imamite, et considérant le caractère du traditionisme imamite dans lesiècle suivant l'Occultation. La plupart du deuxième chapitre est composée d'unecomparison de deux textes: l'tiqiidiit al-imiimiyya par Ibn Babuya, qui représente letraditionisme imamite pendant le premier siècle après l'Occultation, et Ta~lJiJl i'tiqiidiital-imiimiyya, qui est une correction du credo d'Ibn Babuya, par son étudiant al-Shaykhal-Mufid, qui est considéré le fondateur de l'école rationaliste de l'Imamisme. Enfin,dans la conclusion, j' adresse les problèmes conceptuels trouvés dans l'histoireintellectuelle de cette étappe du développement de la pensée imamite, en référant àl'oeuvre récente de Quentin Skinner.
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Mohammadi, Alamuti Masoud. "Critical rationalism and macrosociology of globalisation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1431.
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This thesis employs Critical Rationalism—an inter-subjective theory of rationality originated in Karl Popper’s conjectural theory of knowledge— in order to develop a new macrosociology of globalisation. It describes contemporary globalisation as the formation of a liberal globality through which the centrality of the Hobbesian struggle for political power has been superseded with the Lockean competition for economic interests. But the thesis argues that liberal globalisation suffers from fundamental societal deficits due to a global organisation of people based on economic competition rather than rational dialogue and social cooperation. The central question of thesis therefore is that ‘how emerging utilitarian-based liberal globality can be transformed into a global society of free and equal citizens?’ The thesis argues that people’s potential access to critical rationality enables them to agree upon one set of globally shared values concerning the equality of people and people-centric global institutions, which are required for creating a global society of free and equal citizens. Through its macrosociological analysis the thesis addresses the question of how such a system of globally shared values can operate as the cultural driving force of a radical global institutional change from the Lockean logic of economic competition to the Kantian logic of dialogue and social cooperation. The thesis concludes that intellectuals can employ the ideal-type of an open global society of free and equal persons in order to persuade global social movements to work for realising such a fundamental global institutional change towards a just and free global society.
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Rogalla, Barbara, and com au BarbRog@iprimus. "Framed by Legal Rationalism: Refugees and the Howard Government's Selective Use of Legal Rationality; 1999-2003." RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080122.100946.
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This thesis investigated the power of framing practices in the context of Australian refugee policies between 1999 and 2003. The analysis identified legal rationalism as an ideological projection by which the Howard government justified its refugee policies to the electorate. That is, legal rationalism manifested itself as an overriding concern with the rules and procedures of the law, without necessarily having concern for consistency or continuity. In its first form, legal rationalism emerged as a
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Owen, J. Judd. "Religion and the demise of liberal rationalism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0009/NQ35274.pdf.
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Fox, Nicholas James. "Leibniz's cosmology : transcendental rationalism and kabbalistic symbol." Thesis, Open University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288348.
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Szypula, Wojciech. "Rationalism and miracle the influence of rationalism on the treatment of miracles in the quest for the historical Jesus /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1999.Vita. Appendix I.A brief history of the quest for the historical Jesus -- Appendix II. Historiography of the new quest and the third quest. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-176).
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Byrne, Paul. "Economic rationalism : the new right and new wrongs /." Title page, index and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb9953.pdf.
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Rehan, Naveed. "Rationalism and D. H. Lawrence : a 21st century perspective." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/rehan/RehanN04.pdf.
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Since the time of the Greek philosopher Plato, Western intellectuals have relied on logos or \"the word\" to make philosophical propositions about the world humans find themselves in. Logos or \"the word\" has generally been privileged over mythos or pathos, denoting emotion and feeling. This privileging has sometimes been challenged by intellectuals within the Western tradition. D. H. Lawrence was the most vocal and passionate writer to do so in modern times. This text traces the development of rationalism in the Western tradition and Lawrence\'s resistance to it. It also examines modern theoretical developments and notes their convergence with Lawrence\'s ideas. It concludes by claiming that the postmodern intellectual climate in the West tends towards a critique of rationalism, much like Lawrence.
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Kayal, Sultan. "Revolution and rationalism : Cuban economic development since the revolution /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ark235.pdf.
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Davis, Tim. "Moralism versus rationalism : churches and welfare reform in Australia /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ard2611.pdf.
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Kong, Tae-Woong. "In search of rationalism : architecture of Hendrik Petrus Berlage." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419291.
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Nixon, J. W. "Francis Bacon : Paintings 1959-1979; opposites and structural rationalism." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378605.
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Yoneta, Lawrence Masakazu. "Shelley's reception of Greek antiquity : rationalism, idealism and historicism." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682720.
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The central argument of this thesis is that Percy Bysshe Shelley perceived modern relevance in the experience of the ancient Greeks. While their art, architecture, literature, philosophy and mythology were a constant inspiration for his thought and writing, a knowledge of their moral values, religious beliefs, social customs, political institutions and historical events provided him with clues to ideal society. Three chief factors are identified that determined the ways in which Shelley formed an idea of Greek antiquity: rationalism, idealism and historicism. Rationalism was an intellectual legacy from the Enlightenment of the late-seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It played a principal role in his evaluation of the Greek achievement. Its central criteria were reason, wisdom and benevolence. These qualities were polemically opposed to tyranny and superstition. Greek philosophy, literature and morality were celebrated for their power of reason, as a source of wisdom, and as exemplifying the spirit of benevolence. While rationalism concerned value judgment, idealism was a form of poetic representation. It found expression in Shelley's tendency to present Greece as perfection, often as more perfect than his actual historical perception would have allowed it to be. In his poetic imagination Greece figured either as a metaphor for ideal qualities or as a land where great bards and sages had once lived and bequeathed examples of excellence. Historicism was a habit of mind that became prominent in Shelley's commentary on the Greeks later than the other two elements, namely in the Italian period between 1818 and 1822. The historicist approach -- an approach in which cultural particularities are examined in the light of contextual factors -- led him to conceive the character of the ancients in contradistinction to that of modern Europeans. His exploration of the Greek character was based on the principles of Enlightenment historiography including the spirit of systematisation and the consideration of causality and environmental influence; among notable historians of the eighteenth century were Montesquieu, Voltaire, Hume and Gibbon. The cultural dualism between ancient Greece and modern Europe had its immediate sources and specific intellectual context in the historicist discourse of German Hellenists in the latter half of the century, especially Winckelmann and August Schlegel.
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Clayton, Thompson J. "Law, rights and reproduction : reproductive autonomy in ethical rationalism." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9y598/law-rights-and-reproduction-reproductive-autonomy-in-ethical-rationalism.
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As medical technology has advanced, so too have our attitudes towards the level of control we can expect to hold over our procreative capacities. This creates a multi-dimensional problem for the law in terms of access to services which prevent conception, access to services which terminate a pregnancy and recompensing those whose choices to avoid procreating are frustrated. These developments go to the heart of our perception of autonomy. In order to evaluate these three issues in relation to reproductive autonomy, I set out to investigate how the Gewirthian theory of ethical rationalism can be used to understanding the intersection between law, rights, and autonomy. As such, I assert that it is because of agents’ ability to engage in practical reason that the concept of legal enterprise should be grounded in rationality. Therefore, any attempt to understand notions of autonomy must be based on the categorical imperative derived from the Principle of Generic Consistency (PGC). As a result, I claim that (a) a theory of legal rights must be framed around the indirect application of the PGC and (b) a model of autonomy must account for the limitations drawn by the rational exercise of reason. This requires support for institutional policies which genuinely uphold the rights of agents. In so doing, a greater level of respect for and protection of reproductive autonomy is possible. This exhibits the full conceptual metamorphosis of the PGC from a rational moral principle, through an ethical collective principle, a constitutional principle of legal reason, a basis for rights discourse, and to a model of autonomy. Consequently, the law must be reformed to reflect the rights of agents in these situations and develop an approach which demonstrates a meaningful respect of autonomy. I suggest that this requires rights of access to services, rights to reparation and duties on the State to empower productive agency.
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Mann, Fritz. "De la rationalité du débat en bioéthique: essai d'une contribution à la lumière du rationalisme critique de Hans Albert." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212759.
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Reva, V. B., O. O. Karliychyk, O. B. Kolotulo, O. Y. Khomko, P. M. Volyanyuk, I. I. Biluk, R. I. Sydorchuk, and B. V. Petruk. "APPLICATION OF TPS IN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION: EMPHASIZING QUALITY AND RATIONALISM." Thesis, Матеріали навчально-методичної конференції «Актуальні питання вищої медичної та фармацевтичної освіти: досвід, проблеми, інновації та сучасні технології». - Чернівці 2016, 2016. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10586.
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Kim, Young-Ran Roh. "A justification of morality within the rational choice framework /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841311.
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Harvey, Blane L. "Rationality, education, and educational research." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33899.
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This thesis expands upon the discussions of Martha Nussbaum (1991) regarding scientific and Aristotelian conceptions of rationality and how each treats issues of moral reasoning and moral education. It posits that this scientific rationality provides an inherently flawed and limiting conception of the practical reasoner, and that its prevalence within the field of education, as well as in educational research has had damaging effects upon students and educators alike. Thus, it advocates the adoption of an Aristotelian view of reason, one which characterizes the person of practical reason as one who possesses a rich awareness of detail, emotion, context and complexity. Further, it examines the current and potential roles that educational researchers play in either the affirmation or questioning of these conceptions of rationality, and in turn, how these researchers affect change in education, and in society in general.
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Braverman, Charles. "Kant, philosophe français du XIXe siècle : entre science, philosophie et épistémologie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0399.
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Les études kantiennes peuvent se pencher sur l’œuvre de Kant, mais aussi sur sa réception et la manière dont le kantisme a contribué à faire surgir des réflexions philosophiques originales. Cette thèse explore cette deuxième voie, à travers le prisme particulier des circulations entre science, philosophie et épistémologie. Il s’agit de rendre compte de la manière dont des savants ont compris et utilisé Kant, au XIXe siècle en France. Ampère, Brunschvicg, Comte, Couturat, Gergonne, Lacroix, Léchalas, Littré, Milhaud, Poincaré, Renouvier, Rey, Ribot, Paul Tannery, Wronski et Wyrouboff sont quelques exemples de penseurs plus ou moins connus ayant une formation scientifique et faisant usage de Kant. Toutefois, plutôt que de proposer une suite rhapsodique d’études consacrées à ces savants, cette thèse suit les principaux réseaux de circulations des images et usages du kantisme tout au long du XIXe siècle en France. De l’Académie de Berlin aux revues francophones de la fin du siècle, une institutionnalisation des références à Kant se met progressivement en place et elle implique de nombreuses interfaces entre science, philosophie et épistémologie. Kant est utilisé notamment pour souligner l’activité du sujet dans la constitution de la connaissance et pour poser le problème épistémologique de la correspondance des représentations avec la réalité. Ainsi, le réalisme est mis en tension. Plusieurs savants s’emparent du kantisme pour construire des options philosophiques originales repensant les liens et les oppositions entre empirisme, idéalisme et scepticisme. Par exemple, un réalisme structural associé à une réflexion sur la croyance et sur les probabilités émerge dès le début du XIXe siècle. On le retrouve, sous des formes variées, chez Ampère, Cournot ou encore Tannery. Par ailleurs, le kantisme sert de creuset philosophique pour penser le fondement des sciences. La géométrie et l’arithmétique sont au centre des débats. C’est particulièrement vrai à la fin du siècle, avec la renaissance des géométries non-euclidiennes et le développement des liens entre mathématiques et logique. Ces problématiques ont des racines plus anciennes et les matrices des usages de Kant émergent dès le début du siècle. Enfin, il n’est pas rare d’observer que les savants utilisent Kant dans des analyses portant sur la mécanique rationnelle ou encore sur la cosmologie. De manière générale, la présente étude rend compte de la manière dont les références à Kant fonctionnent pour penser ces sciences. En définitive, il s’agit de manifester que Kant est un acteur français décisif de l’épistémologie et de la philosophie des sciences de tout le XIXe siècleKantian studies can look at Kant’s body of work, as well as the way it was received and how it has contributed to the emergence of original philosophical reflections. This thesis examines the latter path, through the peculiar prism of circulation between science, philosophy and epistemology. The goal is therefore to show how scholars understood and used Kant. Ampère, Brunschvicg, Comte, Couturat, Gergonne, Lacroix, Léchalas, Littré, Milhaud, Poincaré, Renouvier, Rey, Ribot, Paul Tannery, Wronski and Wyrouboff are but a few examples of more or less renowned thinkers with a scientific education who used Kant. However, rather than offering a litany of studies dedicated to these scholars, this thesis follows the main circulation networks of pictures and uses of Kantianism all through the XIX century in France. From the Prussian Academy of Sciences to the Francophone reviews at the end of the century, references to Kant were being more and more institutionalized, which implied many interactions between science, philosophy and epistemology. However, Kant was notably used to acknowledge the importance of the subject’s activity in constituting knowledge and to raise the epistemological issue of correspondence between representations and reality. The concept of realism was then given a bit of a stretch. Several scholars seized Kantianism to build up original philosophical options, which rethought the connections and oppositions between empiricism, idealism and skepticism. For instance, a form of structural realism associated with a reflection on belief and probabilities appeared as soon as the beginning of the XIX century. It can be found, for example, under various forms in Ampère, Cournot or even Tannery. Moreover, Kantianism was used as a philosophical melting pot to think out the founding principles of sciences. Geometry and arithmetic were at the heart of the debates. It was especially the case at the end of the century, thanks to the rebirth of Non-Euclidian geometries and the development of links between mathematics and logic. However, these problematics had roots that were older and the matrices of Kant’s uses emerged as soon as the beginning of the century. Finally, it is not uncommon to observe that scholars used Kant to think out rational mechanics or even cosmology. As such, this study reports how references to Kant worked to think out these sciences. According to these perspectives, Kant is indeed an influential actor in epistemology and philosophy of science in the XIX century in France
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Culshaw, T. A. "Political troglodytes and economic lunatics : is economic rationalism in Australia's best interests? /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arc968.pdf.
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Uranga, Olivia Michelle. "Reason and Revelation: Averroes and the Evolution of Islamic Rationalism in Egypt." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/464.
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In this work I explored discussions of Islamic rationalism in the medieval Islamic period and the contemporary period in Egypt. I examine the evolution of Islamic rationalism from the works of Averroes (Ibn Rushd) to Muhammad 'Abduh in Egypt and subsequently his influence on the formation of the Wasat (Center) Party in Egypt after the wake of the Arab Spring.
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Kidney, Tyrone Christopher. "Public involvement and civic rationalism in local authority planning and decision making." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56892/.
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This work considers the potential contribution of rational actor and behaviouralist models of political and participatory culture, in understanding specific contemporary issues within the topic of public participation in the decision making activities of UK local authorities. The basis for the research was a range of disruptive or confounding phenomena reported in various literatures, that either generate antipathy during schemes or create negative pre-conceptions that could affect future projects. It is suggested that an appreciation of these confounding factors, when viewed in the context of streamlining local authorities and a rationally acting public, can help us understand issues such as non-participation, apparent apathy in public involvement and certain participatory dynamics. It is argued that understanding these issues is vital, especially given the emergence of the Modernisation Agenda in the UK which places a great deal of importance on the consultative activities of local authorities. The research draws upon Almond and Verba’s Civic Culture theory (1963) and the work of the Public Choice school of political economics, especially the work of James Buchannan and Gordon Tullock, to address issues of political culture and rationalised political activity among both the public and authorities. These provided a framework for a multiple case study research design, looking at public involvement policies and schemes in two English local authorities, against a particularly dynamic policy background. The thesis identifies a range of issues that are linked to the public’s inclination to participate, that are additional to the traditionally quoted issues of apathy or unequal access to democracy. These issues are linked to the perceived effectiveness of participation and its methods, to individuals who are already acting subjectively on the basis of their values and material interests. This work offers and discusses the term ‘Civic Rationality’ to describe this mix of rationales in a participatory culture.
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GONCALVES, VIRGINIA MARIA FONTES. "FROM CRITICAL RATIONALISM TO PLURALISTIC ANARCHISM: A BREAKAWAY IN PAUL FEYERABENDS PHILOSOPHY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5407@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORPaul Karl Feyerabend é geralmente conhecido como o filósofo da ciência contrário à idéia de um método científico único, à racionalidade e à ciência enquanto conhecimento privilegiado. Defendendo o anarquismo epistemológico, Feyerabend afirmou que, em se tratando de regras metodológicas para a ciência, a única regra possível é tudo vale. Por entendermos que essa imagem é excessivamente simplificadora da epistemologia proposta por Feyerabend, pretendemos mostrar que este filósofo foi muito mais um ardoroso crítico da uniformidade e defensor da diversidade quanto às formas de conhecimento e visões de mundo, do que um opositor da ciência per se. Sob esse enfoque, a obra feyerabendiana ocupa uma posição diferenciada no debate sobre a racionalidade ou não da ciência, uma vez que sua abordagem vai além das propostas irracionalistas relativistas que afirmam a influência de fatores não racionais no desenvolvimento do conhecimento dito científico. Nesta pesquisa, daremos ênfase às teses feyerabendianas que trazem um alerta quanto à falta de crítica aos cânones científicos - Objetividade, Razão e Verdade - enquanto legitimadores da primazia da ciência sobre outras formas de conhecimento. Além disso, iremos discutir as conseqüências indesejáveis que a ausência dessa crítica traz, não apenas no âmbito da filosofia da ciência como também ao desenvolvimento desse conhecimento e, principalmente, à realização da individualidade, da liberdade e das potencialidades humanas.
Paul Karl Feyerabend is generally known as the philosopher of science against the idea of a unique scientific method, rationality and the view that science is a privileged form of knowledge. He proposed and defended epistemological anarchism and argued that, regarding scientific methodological rules, the only possible rule is anything goes. Since we consider this general image a simplification of Feyerabend´s epistemology, we intend to show that this philosopher was much more a critic of uniformity and a defender of diversity, when it comes to different forms of knowledge and worldviews, than an opponent of science per se. From this point of view, Feyerabend´s writings occupy a special standing in the rationality of science debate, since his approach goes beyond the irrationalist relativist positions that state the influence of irrational factors in the development of so called scientific knowledge. In this research, we shall emphasize those feyerabendian arguments that constitute an alert towards the lack of a critical attitude regarding scientific standards - Objectivity, Reason and Truth - as providers of a legitimate privilege of science in relation to other forms of knowledge. In addition, we shall also discuss the undesirable consequences of this lack of criticism not only within the philosophy of science but also for the development of scientific knowledge itself and, over all, for the accomplishment of individuality, of liberty and of the human potential.
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Hedblom, Karen C. "The persona of rationality." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54404.
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In this dissertation, using Jungian depth psychology, I use the dialectical structure of the human psyche as a foundation to illustrate some problems that develop when an individual identifies her or himself with the requirements of a rational organization. I argue that the unconscious side of the psyche is not acknowledged, and is in fact suppressed, by the rational form of organization. The consequences for the individual have serious side effects. Specifically, the human individuation process is obstructed and the feeling side of life is sacrificed. Basically, the rational organization represents an over assertion of the conscious attitude, that, if adhered to, may lead to an imbalance in the psyche. Consequently, a negative manifestation of the unconscious will be realized. In order to correct this situation, I contend that a more balanced form of organization is needed. A form that will allow the unconscious side of the psyche a wholesome expression. If the human individuation process is to proceed normally, the unconscious must be integrated into the conscious personality. Just what form the organization will take in order to facilitate, instead of obstructing, the individuation process cannot be determined exactly, nor predicted successfully. This is because all real change flows from deep within the unconscious through a symbol generating process, and it is not possible to formulate, rationally, a symbol through an intellectual process. It is evident, however, that the rational, masculine model of organization that heightens thinking, order, authority, objectivity, and impersonality must be mediated by a more feminine, subjective, feeling form of participative structure and process that encourages a wholistic realization of one’s personality, and a genuine opening up of feeling, both of which are prerequisites for the integration of the unconscious.Ph. D.
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Ying, Pui-sze Rosa, and 英佩詩. "Rationality and irrationality in modernist writing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952525.
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Goldbloom, Alexander. "Lay medical culture and its English critics c. 1620 to c. 1720." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324671.
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Mitchell, David Michael Charles. "Conative rationality : study of a truth-centred theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670352.
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Kiorgaard, Simon James. "The Principles of Metaphysical Cognition: Sketch of a Unified Narrative of the Development of Kant’s Metametaphysics in His Precritical Years." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21648.
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Most of the recent scholarly accounts of Kant’s early writings depict the precritical Kant as a committed adherent of the Leibnizian-Wolffian predicate-in-subject theory of truth and its attendant method of conceptual analysis. Such accounts make their case on the basis of Kant’s philosophical output from the 1760s, in particular the “Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morality”, which is regarded as a treatise on the correct use of the rationalist method of conceptual analysis, and the “The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God”, which is seen as an application of that method onto the field of rational theology. These accounts are usually (though not always) motivated by an attempt either a) to put the more important critical works into historical context, or else b) to find the historical antecedents to one of Kant’s critical doctrines in order to lend support to a particular interpretation of that doctrine. Usually, though again not always, these approaches to Kant’s precritical work fail to take into account Kant’s philosophical works during the 1740s and 1750s. In my dissertation, I argue against the dominant interpretation of the precritical Kant as a member of the Leibnizian-Wolffian philosophy, and present an alternative story of Kant’s early philosophical development emphasising the ways in which he pushed back against the school philosophy of his upbringing. In his first strictly philosophical work, “A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition” (1755), Kant effectively repudiated the rationalist method of conceptual analysis through his account of the traditional principle of sufficient reason. Logical analysis has its place, thought Kant, but to cognise the inherence of a predicate-concept in a subject-concept we must apprehend some certain extra- logical conditions which make that relation determinate for us. Later, in his “Attempt to Introduce the Concept of Negative Magnitudes into Philosophy” (1764), Kant extends his critique of conceptual analysis to the predicate-in-subject theory of truth. Where before he was content merely to assert that cognition of metaphysical truths cannot rely solely on conceptual analysis, he now argues that truth itself is not merely a logical affair. Although he later reinstated his acceptance of the predicate-in-subject theory of truth in “Dissertation on the Form and Principles of the Sensible and Intelligible World” (1770), Kant’s temporary rejection of logical truth in “Negative Magnitudes” foreshadows the complete break from the Leibnizian- Wolffian school that would later come in the critical period. Putting the above movement of thought into the context of Kant’s broader precritical development will be the primary aim of my thesis. The precritical Kant, as I hope to show, was far more critical than he is usually portrayed to be. To motivate the proposed investigation, I begin with the simple question: in what way was Kant’s precritical philosophy precritical?
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Sozek, Jonathan. "After rationalism : the moral and religious implications of Taylor's and Rorty's epistemological critiques." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99393.
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This paper examines and compares the different ways in which Charles Taylor and Richard Rorty critique the representationalism and foundationalism characteristic of modern epistemology (Chapter One), then considers how their critiques affect their respective understandings of morality (Chapter Two) and of the role of religious belief in modern secular societies (Chapter Three). Rorty's and Taylor's epistemological debate is presented as an example of the differences between, on the one hand, 'anti-ontological' or pragmatic post-foundational philosophies (such as Rorty's) and, on the other, 'weak ontological', contact realist alternatives (such as Taylor's). The paper concludes with a defense of Taylor's position over Rorty's, and, in doing so, makes a case for the rejection of strictly naturalist accounts of the moral and religious life in favor of a (weak ontological) picture of the human person as necessarily oriented in relation to transcendent goods of other trans-human realities.
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Grande, F. D. "Empiricism and rationalism in Ernst Mach's and Albert Einstein's conceptions of scientific method." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371542.
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Selman, Mark R. "Critical thinking, rationality, and social practices." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41453.
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Critical thinking is a widely shared educational goal which has been granted
more explicit attention than ever in recent years. Five major approaches to this
area of educational concern have been influential to the development of
educational practices, research programs, and conceptualization in the field. Three
of these approaches (the 'process' or basic skills approach, the problem solving
approach, and the logic approach) are found to be based on unfounded
assumptions about the nature of reasoning and thinking, and inadequate attention
to the purposes which make critical thinking such a widely accepted educational
goal. A fourth (the information processing approach) is found to involve instances
of reductionism which render incoherent many of the terms with which we
understand and assess our own reasoning, and that of others. The fifth approach
(the multi-aspect approach associated with Robert Ennis) is not so essentially
flawed, but is found to contain some significant problems. Most notably there is
a problem with fixing the reference of 'mental abilities' (which is essential for
the issue of generalizability of critical thinking abilities) and with understanding
the relationship between judgment and the other aspects of critical thinking.
It is argued that writers in the field of critical thinking generally have tried to
purchase objectivity for their conceptions by connecting them with the ideal of
disengaged knowledge, either as exemplified by the study of formal logic or the
natural sciences. It is argued that, in contrast with this approach, we ought to
recognize that values and value judgments are at the heart of critical thinking. The ideal of disengagement tends to interfere with our understanding of thinking
as a normative (rule-governed) activity grounded in our social practices. This
thesis argues for the adoption of a realist position with regard to values, an
expressivist understanding of language, an interpretive stance toward the study of
rationality, and a social constructivist conception of rules. Some consequences of
these positions for instruction, teacher preparation, and future research are suggested.Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
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Bhojani, Ali-Reza. "Moral rationalism and independent rationality as a source of Sharī ͑a in Shī ͑ī uṣūl al-fiqh : in search of an ͑Adliyya reading of Sharī ͑a." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8449/.
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Within Shī ͑ī works of Sharī ͑a legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh) there is a theoretical space for reason as an independent source of normativity alongside the Qur’ān and the Prophetic tradition. This space stems from a meta-ethical moral rationalism considered fundamental to Shī ͑ī theology. The position holds that unmediated reason is capable of understanding the morally praiseworthy and the morally blameworthy independently of revelation. Describing themselves as ͑Adliyya (literally the people of Justice) this meta-ethical position allows the Shī ͑a to attribute a substantive rational conception of justice to God, both in terms of His actions and His regulative instructions (aḥkām). Despite the Shīʿī adoption of this meta-ethical position, and the jurisprudential space held for independent rationality that implies rational morality must be a condition for the validity of any Sharī ͑a precept attributed to a Just God, independent judgements of rational morality play little or no role in the actual inference of Sharī ͑a norms within mainstream contemporary Shī ͑ī thought. As part of a search for an ʿAdliyya reading of Sharī ͑a, this study examines the theoretical reason for why this moral rationalism plays no substantive role in the actual inference of Sharī ͑a precpets through a close examination of the notion of independent rationality as a source in modern Shī ͑ī uṣūl al-fiqh. The obstacles preventing the ͑Adliyya moral rationalism from impacting the reading of fiqh in modern Shī ͑ī thought are shown to be purely epistemic. In line with the ‘emic’ approach adopted through the study, these epistemic obstcales are revistsed with the view of identifying scope for allowing a reading of Sharī ͑a that is consistent with the fundamental theological moral rationalism of Shī ͑ī thought. It is argued that judgements of rational morality, even when not definitively certain, can not be ignored in the face of the apparent meaning of texts that are themselves also not certain. A move towards an ͑Adliyya reading of Sharī ͑a demands that the strength of independent rational evidences be reconciled against the strength of any other apparently conflicting evidences such that independent judgements of rational morality act as a substantive condition for the validity of precpets attributed to a Just and moral God.
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Helyar, Frances. "Bureaucratic rationalism, political partisanship and Acadian nationalism the 1920 New Brunswick history textbook controversy /." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92358.
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Gomari-Luksch, Laleh. "Realism, rationalism and revolutionism in Iran's foreign policy : the West, the state and Islam." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13719.
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Iran's foreign policy is consistent and is fundamentally realist with a revolutionist vision while the means are rationalist is the central argument of this dissertation. I make use of the English Schools three traditions of realism, rationalism and revolutionism in analyzing the speeches of Iranian statesmen to identify the ways in which the dynamics of the three traditions have evolved since 1997 and what it means for interpreting the developments of Iran's foreign policy ventures. I utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis in examining the speeches of the supreme leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, the presidents since 1997. The quantitative method employs a customized software generating figures that represent the recurrence of realist, rationalist and revolutionist terminologies in all the documents downloaded from the official websites of the Iranian statesmen as well as the United Nations and select news agencies and affiliates. The quantitative phase of the analysis, meanwhile, carefully examined selected statements of the supreme leader and the presidents uncovering the foreign policy argumentations and justifications, which were studied alongside foreign policy actions and classified under the three traditions. The findings suggest that Iran's foreign policy is the same as in the other states of international society – it is consistent and dynamic. It is simultaneously realist, rationalist and revolutionist with each tradition serving a specific purpose, which cannot be disentangled from the other two.
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Mariana, John D. "The indispensability of metaphysical realism." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Martins, Paulo Sérgio. "A imaginação e a elaboração de modelos científicos em Vico /." Marília, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150522.
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Orientador: Kleber CeconCo-orientador: Marcos Antonio Alves
Banca: Max Rogério Vicentini
Banca: Lúcio Lourenço Prado
Resumo: No século XVIII, o filósofo napolitano Giambattista Vico faz uma crítica ao racionalismo cartesiano, refutando a tese de que as ciências naturais pudessem alcançar a verdade. Seu pensamento reivindica, para a imaginação, a linguagem e a história - dimensões negligenciadas pela corrente racionalista - um status prioritário para a obtenção de conhecimento verossímil. A atenção exacerbada para atividades puramente racionais, como a matemática e a lógica, para a obtenção de conhecimento, segundo Vico, conduziria o homem a uma espécie de "barbárie", levando-o à desumanização. De acordo com Vico, fazer é conhecer e vice-versa. Somente se pode conhecer aquilo que se faz. Ao homem, não é possível o conhecimento da natureza em sua essência, pelo fato de não ser o seu criador. No entanto, o homem cria a história e, por isso, pode conhecê-la. Os vestígios históricos trazidos pela filologia, somados à reflexão filosófica, poderão conduzir o homem ao conhecimento. Com a sua máxima verum et factum convertuntur ("conheço porque faço, faço porque conheço"), Vico coloca o homem como um produtor de modelos representativos do mundo, o qual lança mão da imaginação e do engenho (criação), para conceber a realidade. Partindo dessa máxima viquiana, visamos, neste trabalho, analisar a relevância das faculdades da imaginação e do engenho nos processos de elaboração de modelos científicos. No primeiro capítulo, buscamos compreender os principais conceitos do pensamento viquiano; em seguida, no segundo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the 17th century, Neapolitan philosopher Giambattista Vico criticizes Cartesianism, refuting the thesis that the Natural Sciences could reach the truth. His thought reclaims, to imagination, language and history - dimensions neglected by rationalist thinking - a priority status for the acquisition of credible knowledge. The exacerbated attention to purely rational activities such as mathematics and logic for knowledge acquisition, according to Vico, would lead mankind to a sort of "barbarism" taking it to dehumanization. For Vico, to do is to know and vice-versa. We can only know what we do. To men, it is not possible to know nature in its essence, for they are not its creator. However, man creates history and, therefore, may know it. The historical traces brought by philology, added to the philosophical reflection, may lead man to knowledge. With his maxim verum et factum convertuntur, (I know because I do, I do because I know), Vico places man as a producer of depictive models of the world, who makes use of imagination and ingeniousness (creation) to conceive the reality. From this Vichian maxim, we aim, in this study, to analyze the relevance of imagination and ingeniousness faculties in the processes of scientific models development. In the first chapter, we try to understand the main concepts of the Vichian thinking; after that, in the second chapter, we define the concepts aggregated with the imaginative faculty, like the memory, the ingeniousness and the fantasy. Vico suggests expand the validation of knowledge beyond the scrutiny of logic reasoning. Thus, in the third chapter, we investigate the exercise of imagination as a preponderant factor for the hypotheses elaboration and for the generation of new models in science.
Mestre
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Setiawan, Arief B. "Modernity in architecture in relation to context." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33871.
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The thesis questions the ways in which architecture might embody the notion of modernity in different cultures and regions yet achieve appropriateness relative to place. In the early twentieth century in the industrialized world, the issue of modernity in architecture was identified with the notions of abstraction and rationalization that colored the development of the modern movement. The second generation of the modern movement queried the roles of human experiences and urban and architectural contexts in architectural design. With the spread of the modern movement to the rest of the world, the issue of context in architecture grew stronger. Following this line of thought, this dissertation examines the tension between modernist abstractionism and urban and architectural contexts in place in which the presence and the role of local knowledge and traditions in architecture remained influential. It investigates modernity in architecture through a specific Asian reading and through an analysis of the work of Geoffrey Bawa of Sri Lanka. Selected works of Geoffrey Bawa are chosen because the significance of his oeuvre is often contested by interpreters who see it as reflecting various contemporary approaches, including regionalism and vernacularism. Thus, in an effort to refute such simplistic explanations of his work, this thesis examines selected works of Bawa, analyzing their spatial organization, formal arrangement, materials, techniques, and building details. In particular, it attempts to highlight the ways in which Bawa articulated the notions of experience and memory in his architecture. These analyses are then placed within the framework of the social and cultural situations that his architecture confronted in Sri Lanka. It is within this framework that we might determine the ways in which modernity and locality were embodied in Bawa's work. Interpretations of his work take into account the understanding of modernity as a cultural practice and an attitude. Modernity as an attitude relates to a specific modernist subject who is able to use reason for judgment in addressing context. In this dissertation, a reading on the work of Walter Benjamin on modernity, the pasts, and traditions frames this understanding of this modernist subjectivity. In architecture, modernity as an attitude means that is not a style but a way of thinking and formulating design intent. This inquiry is then used as a framework within which this dissertation will interpret the relationship between modernity and local identity. The conclusions of the dissertation contribute to an understanding of the achievement of modernity in architecture in tight relationship to context. On a more focused level, it also hopes to contribute to an appreciation of the extant works of Geoffrey Bawa, which the author of this dissertation deems exemplary of what modern architecture might achieve in Asia.
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Flach, Miguel Ângelo. "Há lugar para uma “racionalidade científica” no pensamento de Paul Feyerabend?" Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2012. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4191.
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UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
A presente dissertação tem como objeto examinar se há lugar e, se houver, em que termos o seria, para uma concepção de “racionalidade científica” na obra de Paul Feyerabend. Parte-se da crítica radical que esse autor faz à racionalidade em sua visão tradicional e ao racionalismo. Para tanto, inicialmente faz-se necessário examinar a ampla concepção de “racionalismo” proposta por Feyerabend. Neste sentido, o capítulo 2 analisa o contexto da cultura grega arcaica, onde Feyerabend encontra um nascente pensamento racional abstrato, perpassando o surgimento da filosofia e coincidindo com a ascensão de um racionalismo que transforma a “Razão” enquanto fonte de uma dada e privilegiada tradição. Segundo Feyerabend, uma crença exacerbada no poder da “Razão” surge na Antiguidade faz-se presente na essência do racionalismo contemporâneo de Popper e Lakatos. O capítulo 3 examina os pressupostos teóricos e epistemológicos do racionalismo de Popper e Lakatos e, à luz da abordagem de Feyerabend sobre a práxis científica, ganha forma a implosão interna do racionalismo criticado. À luz da adoção de tal estratégia implosiva, avalia-se a pertinência da crítica de Feyerabend, perscrutando a leitura das principais obras de Popper e Lakatos e, assim, pretende-se evitar que o exame esteja condicionado pelo teor da crítica. O capítulo 4 perscruta a filosofia de Feyerabend, examinando no interior de sua obra as mudanças e transformações para aferir se há lugar para uma noção de “racionalidade científica”. Aprofundam-se os termos de tais mudanças esclarecendo sua concepção madura sobre a “racionalidade científica”. Conclui-se que há uma “racionalidade científica”, mas, em oposição à visão do racionalismo de viés popperiano segundo a qual tal racionalidade é universal, absoluta e intrinseca aos objetos do conhecimento científico. Desde a perspectiva da práxis científica adotada por Feyerabend, trata-se de uma racionalidade historicizada e contextualizada, ‘em ação’, aberta e dinâmica.
The aim of this dissertation is to investigate whether there is room for “scientific rationality” in the writings of Paul Feyerabend and, if so, in what terms this concept is expressed. My starting point is Feyerabend’s radical critique of the traditional view of rationality and rationalism. First of all, I examine the full meaning of the concept of “rationalism” which he proposes. In Chapter 1, the context of ancient Greek culture is analysed, since it is within this context that he identifies an incipient abstract rational thought which permeates the origins of philosophy, and which coincides with the ascent of rationalism as a transformer of “Reason” in terms of the source of a given privileged tradition. According to Feyerabend, the excessive belief in the power of “Reason” which began in antiquity is also present in the essence of the modern rationalism of Popper and Lakatos, and Chapter 2 examines the theoretical and epistemological premises of this in the light of Feyerabend’s approach to scientific praxis. In this way, the internal implosion of the view of rationalism criticised takes shape, and it is by means of this strategy that the relevance of Feyerabend’s critique is assessed. Through an analysis of the principal writings of Popper and Lakatos it is my intention to avoid any conditioning which may result from the content of this critique. Chapter 3 analyses Feyerabend’s philosophy and the changes and transformations in his writings in order to verify if there is indeed room for the notion of “scientific rationality”. The terms of these changes are subjected to a more rigorous study so that his mature concept of “scientific rationality” can be clarified. The conclusion I draw is that it is, in fact, possible to identify such a concept, but that this is in opposition to Popper’s view of scientific rationality as something universal, absolute and intrinsic to the aims of scientific knowledge. From the scientific praxis point of view adopted by Feyerabend, this rationality is historicized and contextualized; it is active, open and dynamic.
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Capps, Patrick Michael Alan Graham. "The possibility of perpetual peace? : analytical jurisprudence, moral-rationalism and the concept of international law." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368687.
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Thorslund, Lennart. "Humanism mot rationalism : Mora 1890-1970 : om två förhållningssätt och deras betydelse i småstadens planeringshistoria /." Uppsala : Univ, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37025865r.
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Stephens, Nick. "The North Korean conundrum and the deficiencies of western-rational social theory." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1060.
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Flagg, La Donna M. "To say one thing the poetic of the nineteenth-century Christian apologetic novel /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1995. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9529029.
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Popescu, Florentina C. "Four Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Thinkers on the Truthfulness of Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342103775.
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Rathbone, Dominic. "Economic rationalism and rural society in third-century Egypt : the Heronimos Archive and the Appianus estate /." Cambridge (GB) ; New York ; Port Chester (N.Y.) [etc.] : Cambridge university press, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37454663k.
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