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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rationalité instrumentale'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Savina, Maïté. "Vers une rationalité instrumentale dans les politiques sociales : l'exemple de l'Ille-et-Vilaine." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010691.

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Notre analyse des dispositifs d'aides sociales dans le departement d'ille-et-vilaine, ces trente dernieres annees, montre l'emprise progressive de la rationalite instrumentale sur les politiques sociales et s'attache a comprendre les mecanismes qui president a cette rationalite en analysant trois systemes d'acteurs concrets. Nous etudions les effets de la rationalite instrumentale sur les dispositifs de politiques sociales, sur leurs modes de regulation et sur les representations des acteurs. Nous montrons que la rationalite de l'outil tend a prendre le pas et a se substituer au sens qui a prefigure la creation de nos systemes de politiques sociales
Our analysis of social assistance systems in departement "ille-et-vilaine", during the last thirty years, shows the progressive hold of the instrumental rationality on the social policies, and tries to understand the mechanism prevailing in that rationality, by analysing three concrete actors'systems. We study the instrumental rationality effects on the social policies'organizations, on their regulation modes and on the actors'representations. We demonstrate that the rationality tends to impose itself and to substitute for the sense wich prefigured the creation of our social policies systems
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2

David, Ronan. "De la différenciation des sexes ou le conformisme à l'époque de la rationalité instrumentale." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1624.

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Le principal objet de ce travail réside dans l'analyse du processus de différenciation des sexes au sein de la modernité capitaliste. Dominés par les principes de la rationalité instrumentale (Jürgen Habermas) et le conformisme généralisé (Cornelius Castoriadis) du monde-marchandise, les individus, en tant qu’êtres sexués, sont soumis à un mouvement de massification qui tend à effacer et maîtriser les réalités sexuées (différence des sexes, sexualité) sous des apparences variées et particulièrement stéréotypées. La thèse soutenue au cours du développement est que nous assistons aujourd’hui à un effacement de la différence des sexes à travers l'homogénéisation marchande qui produit de façon consubstantielle de nombreux fétiches identitaires et sexués se substituant à une véritable singularisation sexuée. A partir d'un questionnement épistémologique portant sur les conditions d'appréhension scientifique du monde sexué, il s'agit d’étudier de manière multiréférentielle et complémentariste, les mécanismes concourant à la formation des stéréotypes sexués. Ceux-ci façonnés depuis l'enfance et reproduits au sein d'institutions organisées autour de la compétition et de la valeur, telle que l'institution sportive, attestent et préfigurent des transformations politiques et sociales majeures dans le rapport au corps, à la sexualité et la définition du couple masculin/féminin
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3

Hiahemzizou, Rafik. "La rationalité et l'irrationalité dans les négociations climatiques : vers une théorie générale de la rationalité appliquée dans les négociations climatiques." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A007.

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Dans cette thèse, nous parcourons la rationalité, la rationalité limitée et l’irrationalité dans les négociations climatiques. Nous avons commencé notre enquête en étudiant la rationalité instrumentale ou substantive des parties dans les négociations climatiques en supposant que ce type de rationalité intervient lorsque les agents dans les négociations agissent et se comportent comme étant des individus animés par des motivations économiques, politiques et sociales reflétant les conditions et les intérêts de leurs pays respectifs. Leur objectif étant la maximisation du profit. Ensuite, nous avons évoqué la théorie des jeux qui est une extension de la rationalité instrumentale dans un environnement marqué par une interaction entre plusieurs individus. Là encore, la rationalité instrumentale s’impose dans les négociations mais les acteurs tiennent compte des positions des autres individus dans le cadre d’accords non-coopératifs. Nous avons étudié un cas particulier qui est l’accord de Paris en tant qu’accord non-coopératif par excellence. Comme entrée de jeu dans le monde de la rationalité limitée et l’irrationalité, nous avons évoqué les paradoxes qui surgissent dans les jeux et nous les avons appliqués aux négociations climatiques à travers des expériences de pensée inspirées des expériences réelles effectuées par les auteurs et qui tendent à montrer que le but des acteurs n’est pas toujours la maximisation du profit. Dès lors que l’insuffisance des capacités cognitives et les facteurs psychologiques déterminent le choix et le comportement des agents, nous avons abordé les travaux de Kahneman et de Tversky sur les heuristiques en les appliquant aux négociations climatiques. Mais en exprimant le doute sur la présence dominante de ces heuristiques dans les décisions, les choix et le comportement des agents dans les négociations climatiques, nous avons critiqué cette approche psychologique. Cette critique nous a amené à voir que finalement l’approche fondationnelle de la rationalité limitée d’Herbert Simon ne s’applique pas vraiment à ce type de négociation. Si la rationalité substantive est inévitable dans l’explication des choix et des décisions des agents, comment alors résoudre le problème de l’insuffisance dans les capacités cognitives des agents qui est à la base de la rationalité limitée ? La solution qui a été adoptée est de recourir à une approche originelle qui consiste à énoncer que les agents compensent ces limites en puisant dans les ressources cognitives de l’environnement mais aussi en exploitant les possibilités offertes par le partage et la distribution de la cognition entre plusieurs agents dans les négociations climatiques. Cette approche a été bien vérifiée dans ces négociations. En récapitulant tous ces enseignements, nous avons conclu que les Etats-parties sont animés d’une rationalité instrumentale dès le départ des négociations et avant même de négocier et devant l’absence d’une autorité régissant le climat. Cette rationalité n’est limitée ni par l‘interaction avec d’autres agents comme l’explique la théorie des jeux ni par les facteurs psychologiques. Ces derniers n’interviennent que de manière fragmentaire et partielle. Par conséquent, la rationalité substantive basée sur la maximisation du profit reste entièrement valable dans les négociations climatiques
In this thesis, we explore the rationality, the limited rationality and the irrationality in the climate negotiations. We began our investigation by studying the instrumental or substantive rationality of the parties in the climate negotiations, assuming that this type of rationality occurs when the agents in the negotiations act and behave as individuals driven by economic, political and social motives reflecting the conditions and interests of their respective countries. Their goal is maximizing profit. Then, we examine the game theory as an extension of the instrumental rationality evolving in an environment charaterised by an interaction between several individuals. Here again, instrumental rationality is essential in the negotiations, but the actors take into account the positions of other individuals in the framework of non-cooperative agreements. We have studied a particular case, which is the Paris Agreement as a non cooperative agreement. Given the latest developments of the game theory, which involve limited rationality and the irrationality, we have evoked the paradoxes that arise in the games. We have applied them to climate negotiations through thought experiments inspired by the real experiences cited in the literature, which tend to show that the goal of the actors is not always the maximization of profit. Since the inadequacy of cognitive abilities or psychological factors determines in large part the choice and behavior of agents, we have used the work of Kahneman and Tversky on heuristics by applying those heuristics to climate negotiations as a real manifestation of irrationality and psychological trend in the agent behavior. At this stage, some doubts arise about the real presence of these heuristics in decision process, choices and behavior of agents in climate negotiations. Thus, we criticized this psychological approach in an effort, which led us to see that ultimately Herbert Simon’s foundational approach to limited rationality, does not really apply to this type of negotiation. If substantive rationality is inevitable in the explanation of agents' choices and decisions, then how can the problem of insufficiency in the cognitive capacities of agents which is at the basis of limited rationality be solved? The solution that has been adopted is to use an original approach, which consists in stating that agents compensate for these limits by using the cognitive resources of the environment but also by exploiting the possibilities offered by cognition distribution and sharing between several agents in climate negotiations. Such approach was fully applied to climate negotiations. We concluded that States Parties are influenced by instrumental rationality from the outset of negotiations and even before negotiations, and in the absence of a climate international regulator. This rationality is not limited by interaction with other agents as explained by game theory or by psychological factors. The latter intervene only in a fragmentary and partial way. Therefore, substantive rationality based on profit maximization remains fully valid in climate negotiations
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4

Samson, David. "La crise environnementale : critique historique et philosophique des notions de conscience écologique et de rationalité instrumentale." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0072.

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En partant de la « crise environnementale », ce travail empirique et théorique interroge deux notions qui structurent les études environnementales et la philosophie de la technique : la « conscience écologique » et la « rationalité instrumentale ». Il met en œuvre une réflexion sur les rapports entre philosophie et sciences sociales et sur l’interdisciplinarité qui caractériseraient tant la « postmodernité » que le « règne de la technique ». Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur des sources diverses (juridiques, politiques, médiatiques et académiques) et plusieurs expériences d’observation participante de dispositifs de démocratie participative (notamment au Haut Conseil des Biotechnologies).En prolongeant la critique du paradigme d’une « Modernité réflexive », la première partie analyse la problématisation de l’ « environnement » en France (1870-1945) et en Allemagne (1900-1945). Cette généalogie de la gouvernementalité environnementale et de l’expertise conduit à interroger l’opposition entre « anthropocentrisme » et « biocentrisme » et à reconceptualiser l’idée d’une « prise de conscience environnementale ». Nous concevrons plutôt l’ « environnement » comme un agencement composite, variable, hétérogène et potentiellement contradictoire.Dès lors, nous substituons au triangle conceptuel « technique-environnement-Modernité » un losange « technique-environnement-Modernité-nazisme ». Outre le rôle de la technique dans l’Holocauste et le statut d’Heidegger, le nazisme conduit en effet à s’interroger sur l’équivocité des appels à vivre « en harmonie » avec la nature et à « maîtriser la technique » et sur l’idée qu’on pourrait déterminer un « rapport occidental à la nature ».Dans notre seconde partie, le commentaire d’Heidegger puis de l’école de Francfort permet d’analyser la notion de « rationalité instrumentale » et l’idée selon laquelle l’anthropocentrisme serait la cause de la crise environnementale. En faisant appel tant à l’histoire de la philosophie qu’à la problématisation de cas historiques et juridiques, nous analysons ainsi des problèmes communs à la critique de la technique et à l’éthique environnementale, dont celui de « conversion écologique » ou d’indétermination des techniques. Nous y traiterons en particulier du projet de démocratie technique et environnementale et de ses limites. Il s’agit de penser autrement notre rapport à l’environnement, aux techniques et aux sciences, mais aussi la manière dont le droit et la politique les régulent et peuvent faire face à la crise environnementale
This theoretical and empirical work aims to question two concepts which structure environmental studies and philosophy of technology: “ecological consciousness” (or “environmental awareness”) and “instrumental rationality”. In itself, it is also a reflexion on the relations between philosophy and social sciences and on transdisciplinarity, often considered as a central trait of “postmodernity” and of the “rule of technology”. In order to do so, il uses various sources (legal, political, mediatics and academics) and several experiences of participant observation to participative democracy apparatuses (in particular at the French High Council of Biotechnologies).By furthering the criticism of the “reflexive Modernity” paradigm, the first part analyzes the problematization of the “environment” in France (1870-1945) and in Germany (1900-1945). The genealogy of environmental governability and of expertise leads to question the opposition between “anthropocentrism” and “biocentrism” and to reconceptualize the idea of a sudden “environmental awareness”. We will rather conceptualize the “environment” as a composite, variable, heterogene and potentially contradictory agencement.This will also lead us to substitue to the conceptual triangle “Technology-Environment-Modernity” a four terms diamond, “Technology-Environment-Modernity-Nazism”. Notwithstanding the role of technology in the Holocaust and Heidegger’s particular status, the analysis of nazism leads us to question the equivocity of calls to live “in harmony with nature” and to “control technology” as well as the idea that we could identify an “occidental relation to nature”.In our second part, the commentary of Heidegger and of the Frankfurt School allows us to analyze the notion of “instrumental rationality” and the idea that anthrpocentrism would be the cause of the environmental crisis. Calling on history of philosophy as well as on the problematization of historical and legal cases, we will henceforth analyze common problems to the critique of technology and environmental ethics, in particular the notions of an “ecological conversion” and of the indermination of technology . We will in particular treat of the project of a technical and environmental democracy and of its limits. The main aim of this work is henceforth to think differently the environment, technology and sciences, but also law and politics which aims to regulate them and thus confront the environmental crisis
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5

Høj, Jeppe Berggreen. "On instrumental rationality." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494975.

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It is commonly accepted that the instrumental principle is a fundamental principle of practical rationality. This principle, basically speaking, tells us that if one has an end. yet one does not do what one takes to be necessary to achieve that end, then one is being irrational. The central question in this thesis is why this is so: what it is about having an end that makes it the case that it is a mistake, rationally speaking, to fail to take the means to that end?
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6

Garcia, Naddaf Fernando. "Réseaux sociaux d'internet : pratiques électorales et usages politiques de la classe politique chilienne." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080016/document.

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Au Chili, l’usage des réseaux sociaux a suscité un discours utopique et technologique fort, qui a particulièrement influencé les mobilisations sociales apparues ces dernières années en même temps que des applications comme Facebook et Twitter. Avec 17 millions d’habitants – 4e pays en nombre de comptes de réseaux sociaux per capita – l’histoire politique chilienne s’est distinguée par un processus particulier, toujours accompagné d’un usage singulier des moyens de communication.L’intérêt porté à l’usage effectif des réseaux sociaux par l’élite politique chilienne et à son effet sur la pratique démocratique découle de ce contexte. La thèse s’est donné pour objectif d’approfondir la connaissance de cet usage en périodes d’élections. On a privilégié des approches exploratoires pour observer les traces laissées par l’élite sur le réseau. De là, on a suivi le fil de l’instrumentalisation des médias à des fins électorales. Une partie des informations les plus importantes ont été recueillies lors d’entretiens personnels avec des membres de l’élite politique, parmi lesquels des candidats à la présidence de la république. Les conclusions ont permis d’identifier des usages distincts, liés à la place de l’acteur politique dans la lutte pour le pouvoir. On a pu établir également une analogie avec ce lien en considérant d’autres moyens de communication dans une perspective historique. Enfin, on a relevé des indices de rationalité instrumentale qui pourraient entraîner la normalisation des pratiques et la marchandisation de cet espace social, ce qui produit évidemment des effets sur la pratique démocratique au Chili
The use of social networks in Chile has arise a strong utopian and technological speech, which has particularly influenced social mobilizations during the last years. At the same time, the country has witnessed the emergence and development of social applications as Facebook or Twitter. With 17 millions of inhabitants, Chile - which is credited to be the 4th country of the world having more use of social networks per capita- has had in its recent history a distinctive democratic process which has characterized by a special political use of mass media. The interest shown by the chilean political elite towards the social media in the recent years is having an effect over the democratic practice. Hence, this thesis had the purpose to deepen the knowledge of this type of use during electoral process. Exploratory approaches were favored to observe the virtual footprints of the elite on the social media. Then, we followed the traces of instrumentalization of mass media with electoral means. An important part of the information gathered was risen from personal interviews with presidential candidates. The conclusions permitted to identify different types of uses, linked to the emplacements of the political actors within the struggle for institutional power. It was also stablished an analogy of the uses that were identified with other mass media from an historical perspective. Finally, we identified elements of instrumental rationality which may lead towards normalization and merchantilization of this social space, which has evident impact in the political practice in Chile
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Givel, Reto. "Taming Glaucon through instrumental rationality to the Golden Rule /." Bern : R. Givel, 2006. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Navarro, Julien. "Les députés européens et leur rôle : analyse sociologique de la représentation parlementaire dans l'Union européenne." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193037.

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Le Parlement européen est au cœur du débat sur la légitimité de l'Union européenne. En définissant le représentation à partir de la substance de l'activité représentative et non comme une simple relation de délégation, cette étude à pour ambition d'explorer le travail des députés européens dans ces multiples facettes (élaboration de la législation, encadrement partisan, défense des intérêts locaux, contrôle de la Commission européenne, etc.). Face aux insuffisances des analyses institutionnalistes et utilitaristes des pratiques parlementaires, nous nous inspirons de la théorie motivationnelle des rôles qui définit ceux-ci comme des configurations d'objectifs, d'attitudes et de comportements propres à une personne occupant une position sociale donnée (D. Searing). Nous appliquons aux députés de la 5e législature du Parlement européen (1999-2004) une approche typologique qui se fonde sur la signification que les acteurs donnent à leurs activités. Les données quantitatives et les entretiens mettent à jour une diversité de pratiques de représentation qui s'organisent sur cinq modèles de rôle : l'animateur, le spécialiste, l'intermédiaire, le contestataire et le dilettante. Nous démontrons alors que le choix d'un modèle de rôle obéit, d'une part à des ambitions personnelles et à des objectifs de carrière et d'autre part, à des principes normatifs tels que la conception de la démocratie et d'un ordre politique européen légitime.
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Cicmil, Svetlana. "Knowledge, interaction, and project work : from instrumental rationality to practical wisdom." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4093.

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SARAIVA, LUIZA DE FARIA. "SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION: AN ANALYSIS IN THE LIGHT OF THE INSTRUMENTAL RATIONALITY VERSUS SUBSTANTIVE RATIONALITY DICHOTOMY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24490@1.

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Com base na análise dos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade de 2012 de quatro empresas de diferentes segmentos (Telecomunicações, Seguros e Previdência, Cosmético e Mineração), a presente pesquisa buscou entender qual a racionalidade predominante neste tipo de publicação à luz dos conceitos de racionalidade instrumental e racionalidade substantiva de Guerreiro Ramos. Para alcançar este objetivo, o marco teórico apresentou a discussão na literatura acerca dos conceitos de responsabilidade social, sustentabilidade, racionalidade substantiva, racionalidade instrumental, identidade organizacional e reputação corporativa. No que diz respeito aos procedimentos metodológicos, os conjuntos de documentos coletados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo, o que permitiu a criação de categorias de observação, quais sejam: (1) Relação com Stakeholders; (2) Declarações e Referenciais Institucionais; (3) Aspectos Legais; e (4) Equilíbrio Triple Botton Line. A seguir, cada categoria foi relacionada com um conjunto de elementos característicos das duas racionalidades elencadas gerando duas classificações distintas. Como resultados alcançados, de uma forma geral, foi possível identificar a predominância de elementos de racionalidade instrumental na maioria dos discursos, o que confirma a hipótese inicial e indica o cálculo utilitário presente em grande parte destes documentos. De forma mais aplicada, as conclusões do estudo contribuem para uma gestão das organizações mais holística/humanística, pois torna possível que estas reflitam e problematizem o seu posicionamento e suas ações em relação à Sustentabilidade, observando se a opção por um discurso mais superficial que visa apenas atender à construção de uma boa imagem institucional é tão efetiva quanto um discurso que relate valores e práticas organizacionais que lidem com os reais desafios de uma atual gestão sustentável. Além disso, as conclusões podem suscitar novas questões sobre o tema – como, por exemplo, como seria a evolução do discurso nos relatórios de sustentabilidade de uma mesma empresa com o passar do tempo - que poderão ser melhor exploradas por novos estudos.
Based on the analysis of the 2012 Sustainability Reports from four companies of different segments (Telecommunications, Insurance, Cosmetics and Mining), this research sought to understand the prevailing rationality in this type of publication, in relation to the concepts of instrumental rationality and substantive rationality, based on Guerreiro Ramos. To accomplish this goal, the theoretical framework presented a discussion about the concepts of social responsibility, sustainability, substantive rationality, instrumental rationality, organizational identity and corporate reputation. Regarding the methodological procedures, collected documents were studied using content analysis, which allowed the creation of categories of observation, which are: (1) Relationship with Stakeholders; (2) Institutional statements and frameworks; (3) Legal Aspects, and (4) Triple Bottom Line balance. Next, each category was related to a set of characteristic elements of the two rationales listed, creating two different classifications. According to the results, in general, it was possible to identify the predominance of elements related to instrumental rationality in most speeches, which confirms the initial assumption and indicates the utilitarian calculation largely seen in these documents. As a practical matter, this study’s findings contribute to the management of organizations, once it becomes possible for these companies to ponder over and problematize their positioning and their actions in relation to sustainability, observing if the option for a more superficial discourse that seeks only a good corporate image is as effective as a discourse that reports organizational values and practices that address the real challenges of a current sustainable management. In addition, these findings may raise new questions about the subject – such as how the evolution of speech in sustainability reports of the one company over time would be, which could be better explored by further studies.
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Doody, Ryan (Ryan Dennis). "Doing your best (while making do with less) : the actual value conception of instrumental rationality." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107095.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-141).
In this thesis, I sketch a decision-theoretic picture of instrumental rationality, which I call the Actual Value Conception: roughly, that you should align your preferences over your options to your best estimates of how the actual values of those options compare. Less roughly: for any options, q and 0, you are instrumentally rational if and only if you prefer q to / when, and only when, your best estimate of the extent to which O's actual value exceeds 's is greater than your best estimate of the extent to which O's actual value exceeds O's, where an option's actual value equals the value you assign to the outcome that would actually result from performing it. In the first chapter, I argue that this picture underlies causal decision theory by showing that, given some assumptions, the two are equivalent, and that the picture unifies and underlies the intuitive arguments offered for Two- Boxing over One-Boxing in the Newcomb Problem. I also show that the picture is incompatible with evidential decision theory. Evidential decision theory sometimes recommends preferring one option to another even though you are certain that the actual value of the latter exceeds the actual value of the former. In the second chapter, I develop a decision theory for agents with incomplete preferences - called Actual Value Decision Theory - that, unlike its more popular competitors, is consistent with, and motivated by, the picture of instrumental rationality sketched in the first chapter. I argue that, in addition to being a generalization of causal decision theory, Actual Value Decision Theory is supported by many of the same considerations. In the final chapter, I consider two powerful arguments against Actual Value Decision Theory - the Most Reason Argument and the Agglomeration Argument - and I argue that, while neither proves to be fatal, they each bring to light some interesting consequences of taking the Actual Value Conception seriously. In particular: that, first, we should reject the idea that instrumental rationality consists in doing what you have the most reason to do; and, second, that sometimes it is rationally permissible to have non-transitive (but not cyclic) instrumental preferences.
by Ryan Doody.
Ph. D.
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12

Guasselli, Idair Gaudêncio Girardi. "Razões de fruticultores da Serra Gaúcha para associar-se em organizações cooperativas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18690.

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O presente trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo analisar as motivações e justificativas dos fruticultores da Serra Gaúcha para associar-se a organizações. Foram utilizadas como fundamento, duas bases teóricas: os princípios, objetivos e características das organizações cooperativas e o paradigma paraeconômico segundo as proposições de Guerreiro Ramos. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em caráter qualitativo, através de contato com associados, ativos e não ativos e ou não associados, com interesse e sem interesse em associar-se à organizações cooperativas agropecuárias, que trabalham com armazenagem, classificação e comercialização de frutas in natura. O contato com esses fruticultores pertencentes a Região 4 da OCERGS – Organização das Cooperativas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, denominada Serra foi realizado através da técnica bola-de-neve e se constituíram então no público-alvo desta pesquisa. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados constituíram-se de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, pesquisa documental e observação direta e, para análise dos dados adotou-se o método de análise de conteúdo. A análise de dados aconteceu levando em consideração o aspecto externo do sistema social de acordo com as dimensões propostas na lei dos requisitos adequados e, por um conjunto de categorias de valores, que configuram o aspecto interno do sistema social. Ao final se expõem as razões que levam os fruticultores a associar-se ou a abandonarem as organizações cooperativas nesta região, identificando que tipo de racionalidade orienta suas decisões.
The present work presents a research that had for objective to analyze the motivations and justifications of Serra Gaucho's fruit growing to associate to organizations. They were used as foundation, two theoretical bases: the beginnings, objectives and characteristics of the cooperative organizations and the paradigm paraeconômico according to Guerreiro Ramos propositions. The field research was accomplished in qualitative character, through contact with associates, assets and no assets and or no associates, with interest and without interest in associating to agricultural cooperative organizations, that work with storage, classification and commercialization of fruits in natura. The contact with those Area 4’ fruit growing of OCERGS Organization of the Cooperatives of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, denominated Serra was accomplished through the technique ball-of-snow and they were constituted then in the public-objective of this research. The data collection instruments were constituted of semi-structured interviews, document retrieval and direct observation. The method of content analysis was adopted for analysis of the data. The data analysis happened taking into account the external aspect of the social system in agreement with the dimensions proposed in the law of the appropriate requirements and, for a group of categories of values, that configure the internal aspect of the social system. At the end the reasons that take the fruit growing to associate or abandon the cooperative organizations in this area were exposed, identifying what rationality type guides their decisions.
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Amegatsevi, Kokou Sename. "L'éthique du futur et le défi des technologies du vivant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30255/30255.pdf.

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Ce travail vise à mettre en avant une éthique du futur à l’ère des technologies du vivant à partir de la biologie philosophique de Hans Jonas en passant au crible a priori les fondements des technosciences. Jonas estime que le problème n’est pas la technique elle-même qui soit en cause mais l’identité qu’elle accorde à l’homme dans cette logique instrumentale envahissante, en d’autres termes, le matérialisme réductionniste. Le problème aussi n’est pas les effets visibles inquiétants et désastreux de la technique mais l’ontologie qu’elle inspire. Outre les manifestations réelles de destruction qu’elle génère, c’est l’être qu’elle confère ou plus exactement dont elle prive l’homme qui est catastrophique. L’homme finit par se considérer comme un fond exploitable. Il s’agira donc de formuler une éthique qui a pour soubassement une biologie philosophique qui récuse une anthropologie mécaniste d’inspiration matérialiste, une ontologie du pas-encore qui fonde les sciences modernes. Réduire l’homme à des lois physico-chimiques, c’est violer notre individualité. Le métabolisme est la preuve de notre individuation. Dans la matière, gît l’esprit. Au-delà de l’anthropomorphisme qui se dégage, l’homme est le seul animal symbolisant doué d’une conscience réflexive. Une responsabilité politique s’impose pour protéger l’intégrité et l’image de l’homme à l’ère des technologies du vivant qui espèrent améliorer ou modifier l’espèce humaine. Mais cette responsabilité politique qui promeut « un marxisme désenchanté » ne tardera pas à renforcer voire devenir une rationalité instrumentale et idéologique à l’image du lyssenkisme. Une autre responsabilité s’impose : une responsabilité scientifique formulée par Charles De Koninck qui interpelle et invite les scientifiques à ne pas sacrifier l’être humain par leurs recherches sur l’autel des subventions financières, du dualisme au relent matérialiste. La science, dans son élan est invitée à tenir compte du facteur « humain ». Cette responsabilité scientifique va au-delà des règles de bonnes pratiques et déontologiques des comités et des expertises scientifiques. Elle nécessite une éducation scientifique pour une science citoyenne pour éviter une science aveugle et idéologique. Bref, à partir de ces paradigmes, nous voulons montrer que les rêves de l’amélioration, de l’augmentation des performances de l’espèce humaine sont des chimères.
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14

Rodrigues, Silvana Terume Koshikene. "Racionalidade instrumental, competitividade e individualismo de estudantes universitários." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2619.

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This study aimed to understand the meaning and motivation that exist in student participation in various extracurricular activities in public universities, particularly in undergraduate research and student organizations. The degree course chosen for this research was Electrical Engineering at Unicamp. A questionnaire was used, which was answered by 111 students, and in a second step, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 of these students. The topics covered in the interviews were: life trajectory; education in public universities; undergraduate research and student movements, focusing on the action of the Centro Acadêmico (CA) and the Diretório Central dos Estudantes (DCE). Other issues were a result of these themes, like the academic performance coefficient and the práticas in other student organizations, like Empresa Júnior, Atlética, Trote da Cidadania, Mercado de Trabalho em Engenharia and Solidare. The discussed analysis categories were: formative trajectory and life project; the meaning of the public university and the confluences with the life project; and the meaning of the student movement and different interpretations of student participation. The analysis was based on concepts of alienation, surplus-value, use-value and exchange-value and relations of production, proposed by Marx, and of alienation, estrangement, suspension, subjectivity, intentionality, teleological pose, possibility and alternative, proposed by Lukács. From the reports of students, one could note the competitiveness and individualism found at the university life, always in the midst of many contradictions. It is concluded that the meaning attributed to student participation in extracurricular activities, permeated by instrumental rationality of this universiy life, rests predominantly on pragmatism and utilitarianism, despite the occasional moments of resistance.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo buscar compreender o sentido e a motivação que existiriam na participação dos estudantes em diferentes atividades extracurriculares na universidade pública, particularmente na iniciação científica e entidades estudantis organizadas. O curso de graduação escolhido para a realização desta pesquisa foi o da Engenharia Elétrica da Unicamp. Foi utilizado um questionário, respondido por 111 alunos e, em uma segunda etapa, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 13 destes estudantes. Os temas tratados nas entrevistas foram: trajetória de vida; formação na universidade pública; iniciação científica e movimento estudantil, com foco na atuação do Centro Acadêmico (CA) e Diretório Central dos Estudantes (DCE). Outros assuntos decorreram destes temas, como coeficiente de rendimento (CR) e as práticas em outras entidades estudantis organizadas, como Empresa Júnior, Atlética, Trote da Cidadania, Mercado de Trabalho em Engenharia e Solidare. As categorias de análise sistematizadas foram: trajetória formativa e projeto de vida; representação da universidade pública e as confluências com o projeto de vida; e representação do movimento estudantil e diferentes interpretações sobre a participação estudantil. A análise realizada foi baseada nos conceitos de alienação, mais-valia, valor de uso e valor de troca e relações de produção, propostos por Marx, e de alienação, estranhamento, suspensão, subjetividade, intencionalidade, pôr teleológico, possibilidade e alternativa, propostos por Lukács. Por meio da análise dos relatos dos estudantes, apontou-se para o cotidiano de competitividade e individualismo na universidade, sempre em meio a várias contradições. Conclui-se que o sentido atribuído à participação dos estudantes em atividades extracurriculares, permeado pela racionalidade instrumental deste cotidiano, recai predominantemente no pragmatismo e utilitarismo, ainda que estejam por vezes presentes átimos de resistência.
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15

Díaz, Rodríguez María Alejandra, and Lucho Yraida Anahí Perez. "La racionalidad instrumental como mecanismo de toma de decisiones en la empresa." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652934.

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La racionalidad instrumental es un término que se ha mantenido en debate a lo largo del tiempo y que se refiere a una forma de razonar que da prioridad al uso de objetos o instrumentos como medios para alcanzar objetivos determinados, sin necesariamente realizar una medición del impacto. Es decir, se privilegia el fin antes que los medios. El presente artículo analiza esta forma pragmática de razonar y, al mismo tiempo, da a conocer las principales definiciones relacionadas a las distintas posturas de este tema. Asimismo, se revisó el concepto de toma de decisiones, poniendo un énfasis especial en el proceso decisorio por el que pasan las personas dentro de las organizaciones, en el que se involucran muchos aspectos que se describirán a detalle. El análisis efectuado permite concluir que existe una estrecha relación entre estos dos conceptos. Finalmente, se considera importante destacar el rol que cumple la ética en la toma de decisiones en las organizaciones, pues en la época actual, donde prima el uso de herramientas tecnológicas reduciendo la participación de las personas, la optimización de los procesos de las organizaciones tiene como base el uso de dichas herramientas para el logro de sus objetivos, principalmente económicos. Por esto, en el presente artículo se trata de contestar la cuestión ¿es correcto que las empresas utilicen una racionalidad instrumental para tomar decisiones?
Instrumental rationality is a term that has been debated over time, and it refers to a kind of reasoning that prioritizes the use of objects or instruments as ways to achieve certain objectives without making an impact measurement necessarily. In other words, the objective is privileged over the ways. This pragmatic form of reasoning is analyzed in this article, and at the same time, the main definitions referring to the different positions on this topic are disclosed. Likewise, the concept of decision-making was reviewed, placing special emphasis on the decision-making process that people done through into their organizations, where many aspects that will be described in detail, are involved. It is concluded that there is a close relationship between these two concepts. Finally, it is considered important to highlight the role that ethics plays in the decision-making process at organizations, due to in the current era, where the use of technological tools prevails over the participation of people, the optimization of organizations processes is based on the use of those tools for the achievement of their mainly objectives. Therefore, it is the matter of answering the question: Is it correct for companies to use instrumental rationality to make decisions?.
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Procópio, Marcos Luís. "Poder e análise organizacional: rompendo os limites da racionalidade instrumental." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2003. http://www.adm.ufba.br/publicacao/poder-analise-organizacional-rompendo-os-limites-racionalidade-instrumental.

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Este estudo procura questionar como algumas concepções teóricas do poder, presentes no campo dos estudos organizacionais, podem limitar a apreensão do fenômeno organizacional, devido à inevitável instrumentalização da relação social que elas presumem. Estas concepções são especialmente aquelas que atrelam o poder à capacidade estratégica do indivíduo (ou grupo) de realização de objetivos externos, às quais se dá, neste trabalho, o nome de “poder utilitário”. Partindo-se da premissa de que a teoria sobre o poder é um importante recurso para a atividade de pesquisa e reflexão acerca das organizações, o presente estudo pretende identificar outras concepções teóricas do poder, passíveis de aplicação à investigação organizacional, capazes de complementar aquelas que se baseiam na racionalidade instrumental. A metodologia escolhida para tal tarefa resume-se a um trabalho de revisão de literatura que envolve outros campos das ciências humanas, além do campo dos estudos organizacionais, como a sociologia, ciência política e filosofia. A aplicação destas concepções “alternativas” do poder à investigação das organizações visa a possibilitar uma mais completa compreensão da vida organizacional. Isso não significa, entretanto, que as concepções de poder baseadas nas premissas do utilitarismo sejam totalmente inapropriadas à análise organizacional. Como este estudo pretende demostrar, elas parecem estar adequadas, ao menos em parte, à análise de muitas formas organizacionais, especialmente as burocráticas. Entretanto, são concepções que parecem ser relativamente insuficientes à análise de outras formas organizacionais, onde as relações sociais são menos instrumentalizadas. No intuito de contribuir para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa no campo dos estudos organizacionais, mais especificamente, para o desenvolvimento da atividade empírica de análise organizacional, este trabalho procura trazer reflexões teóricas e metodológicas sobre o poder, úteis para a investigação de organizações burocratizadas ou não. Este trabalho está direcionado, desta forma, ao acadêmico, pesquisador e/ou observador, ocupado com a compreensão e reflexão acerca do fenômeno organizacional.
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17

Medeiros, José Washington de Morais. "A racionalidade comunicativa como ágora de processos educativos emancipatórios." Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4944.

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This study has as object the technicist logic of the pedagogical acting, based on the communicative rationality. Considering this model of reason concerning the utopia of human emancipation, it is hooked on the theory of the Communicative Action (TCA) by Jürgen Habermas. It contextualizes the invasions to which the educative processes are subjected in the contemporaneity prometed by the inbrication between the systemic and the lived worlds. It aimed at understanding the technicist dynamics of the pedagogical acting under the domains of TCA, starting from the following thesis: the technicist pedagogy is a kind of manifestation of the instrumental rationality present in the world lived within school. Through the hermeneutic method, it went in search of the possibilities of emancipation, going from the rationalization and its three universal spheres: a) culture, through educative processes which found the reevaluation of moral and ethical values formerly established; b)society, through consensual norms that only become valid before intelligible argumentations sensitively inclined to redefinitions; c) personality, through a cognitive development beyond mentalism, passing by the evolution of a moral conscience that elaborates stages of intersubjective relations. As a result of the deadlock of education, it brings the possibility to think how much the communicative rationality has lost spaces for the instrumental rationality, consequently coming up several social pathologies. On account of this, it discusses that natural and public channels of the communicative spaces (language as a medium) are deteriorated by the vehicles placed by the systemic imperatives (money and power as craftsmen) of the Western capitalist society. It perceives that the effects by the colonizations of the instrumental reason in the cognitive, expressive and normative spheres interfere much in social formations, binding the rationalizations of the lived world. Thus, the circumstances brought by the extranatural domains of educations facilitated the coming of a set of impositions at school, since the regeneration of the philosophy based on the subject (hyperindividualism) until the instructive normalizations of the technified educations. Aiming at uncovering the genesis of the educational atrophies, it concludes that the communicative rationality can be understood as a new agora ; a fertile alternative to incite a linguistic overturn in the mediations of the subject, in the interactions with others, with the knowledge, with the images (religious and metaphysical) of the world. It emphasizes that the communicative rationality can subsidize educative processes beyond functional ideologies linearly induced by the tecnification of thinking. A reflexive reason that promotes a sort of educations that is open to the multiple voices of rationality. It ends highlighting that, to strengthen the lived world, the paradigm of the communicative rationality propitiates the progressive development of human competence which, under the idea of emancipator education, the utopia of which one is in search becomes a criterion for social evolution.
Este estudo tem como objeto a lógica tecnicista do agir pedagógico, fundamentando-se na racionalidade comunicativa. Considerando esse modelo de razão voltado à utopia da emancipação humana, subsidia-se na Teoria da Ação Comunicativa (TAC) de Jürgen Habermas. Contextualiza as invasões a que os processos educativos estão sujeitos na contemporaneidade, promovidas pelo acoplamento do mundo sistêmico sobre o mundo vivido. Objetivou compreender a dinâmica tecnicista do agir pedagógico, à luz da TAC, partindo da seguinte tese: a lógica do tecnicismo na educação obstrui os ideais da educação emancipatória. Por intermédio do método hermenêutico, buscou referir as possibilidades de emancipação, a partir da racionalização do mundo vivido e de suas três esferas universais: a) cultura, através de processos educativos fundadores de reavaliação de valores morais e éticos pré-estabelecidos; b) sociedade, através de normas consensuais que só se tornam válidas diante de argumentações inteligíveis e sensivelmente dispostas a redefinições; c) personalidade, através de um desenvolvimento cognitivo além do mentalismo, perpassando a evolução de uma consciência moral que elabora estágios de relações intersubjetivos. Como resultado do beco sem saídas da educação, oportuniza pensar o quanto a racionalidade comunicativa tem perdido espaços para a racionalidade instrumental, surgindo diversas patologias sociais. Em razão disso, discute que os canais naturais e públicos dos espaços comunicativos (linguagem como medium) são deteriorados por meio dos veículos interpostos pelos imperativos sistêmicos (dinheiro e poder como artífices) da sociedade capitalista ocidental. Percebe que os efeitos das colonizações da razão instrumental, nas esferas cognitivas, expressivas e normativas, interferem severamente nas formações sociais e comprometem a racionalização do mundo vivido. Assim, as circunstâncias trazidas pelos domínios extranaturais da educação facilitaram a entrada de um conjunto de imposições na escola, desde a regeneração da filosofia do sujeito (hiperindividualismo) até a normatização instrutiva da educação tecnificada. Visando desocultar a gênese das atrofias educacionais, conclui que a racionalidade comunicativa pode ser entendida como uma nova ágora : uma fecunda alternativa para incitar uma reviravolta linguística nas mediações do sujeito, na interação com o outro, com o conhecimento, com as imagens (religiosas e metafísicas) de mundo. Enfatiza que a racionalidade comunicativa pode subsidiar processos educativos muito além das ideologias funcionais e linearmente induzidas pela tecnificação do pensamento, possibilitando o levante reflexivo da razão diante da promoção de uma educação que se coloca aberta à multiplicidade de vozes da racionalidade. Finaliza destacando que, para o fortalecimento do mundo vivido, o paradigma da racionalidade comunicativa propicia o desenvolvimento progressivo da competência humana que, sob o ideário da educação emancipatória, torna-se a utopia a ser buscada como critério para a evolução social.
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18

Ramos, Junior Getulio de Azevedo. "A avaliação de desempenho individual por múltiplas fontes, um estudo sob o viés das racionalidades instrumental e substantiva." Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4366.

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As práticas de avaliação de desempenho não são novas. O ato de avalizar é uma característica humana e uma constante que se reflete nas organizações. No Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear a avaliação do desempenho individual dos servidores ativos é realizada desde 1987. Em junho de 2015 foi implantado o modelo de avaliação por múltiplas fontes utilizando o Sistema de Desempenho Individual – SDI. O presente trabalho verifica se o modelo abrange aspectos da racionalidade instrumental e substantiva, segundo a abordagem de Guerreiro Ramos e se a finalidade da avaliação é vista da mesma forma pelos servidores e pelos gerentes. Também é feita uma comparação da visão da área técnica versus área administrativa. Usa a metodologia quali-quantitativa e, tem como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário com vinte e duas questões onde são abordados aspectos da racionalidade instrumental e substantiva. Como resultado tem-se que a racionalidade substantiva se faz presente na opinião dos respondentes, mas avaliadores e avaliados não reconhecem a utilidade e os benefícios que o sistema de avaliação atual pode proporcionar. Necessário treinamento gerencial sobre avaliação de desempenho individual para os gestores, visando uniformidade da avaliação. A visão das chefias coincide com as dos subordinados na maioria das questões, tanto com viés substantivo quanto instrumental. Não há um acompanhamento sistemático do desempenho dos avaliados. Falta a área administrativa divulgar o que é feito com os resultados das avaliações feitas.
Performance evaluation practices are not new. The act of awarding is a human characteristic and a constantly that is reflected in organizations. In Nuclear Technology Development Center, the evaluate the individual performance of active servers is carried out since 1987. In June 2015 was implemented the model evaluation by multiple sources using the Individual Performance System - SDI. This study verifies that the SDI includes aspects of instrumental and substantive rationality, according to the approach of Guerreiro Ramos and the purpose of evaluation is seen the same way by servers and by managers. Using quanti-qualitative methodology and, with the research instrument a questionnaire twenty-two issues which are addressed aspects of instrumental and substantive rationality. As a result, substantive rationality is present in respondents' opinion, but evaluators and evaluated do not recognize the usefulness and benefits that the current evaluation system can provide. Management training required on individual performance evaluation for managers, aiming at uniformity of evaluation. Bosses' views coincide with those of subordinates on most issues, both substantive and instrumental. There is no systematic monitoring of the performance of the evaluated. It lacks the administrative area to disclose what to do with the results of the evaluations made.
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Siqueira, Daniel Valente Pedroso de. "Habermas e a crítica da razão instrumental: um estudo sobre a Teoria da Ação Comunicativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-18012018-120546/.

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O presente trabalho é o resultado dos estudos realizados sobre a reconstrução das investigações empreendidas por Habermas acerca da gênese da crítica da razão instrumental, as quais estão contidas no quarto capítulo do primeiro tomo de sua Teoria da Ação Comunicativa. O percurso realizado parte de uma breve apresentação sobre o exercício da racionalidade na modernidade e como as mudanças histórico-sociais implicaram em mudanças teóricas acerca da leitura sobre o exercício da racionalidade. Seguidamente a isto, buscou-se recuperar a conceitualização habermasiana sobre racionalidade, a qual permitiu compreender suas críticas à teoria da racionalização social de Weber; as investigações sobre as teses weberianas ensejam proporcionar a compreensão da análise que Habermas realizou sobre a crítica da razão instrumental a partir da apropriação do marxismo ocidental de Lukács, o qual assumiu a racionalização social como um processo de reificação, visto que, de acordo com Habermas, esta foi a leitura que proporcionou a Horkheimer e Adorno elaborarem uma crítica da razão instrumental que buscou atestar a existência de um mundo totalmente administrado e sem perspectivas de emancipação. O percurso trilhado no presente trabalho recupera a discussão habermasiana de que a perspectiva discursiva assumida pela Teoria Crítica da primeira metade do século XX se enredou em aporias insolúveis por ter assumido que a crise da razão seria resultante do exercício unilateral do modelo cognitivo-instrumental de razão nas modernas sociedades capitalistas.
The current work is the result of the studies undertaken about the preambles of the investigations realized by Habermas about the root of his own critique of instrumental reason, restricted to the fourth chapter of the first volume of his Theory of Communicative Action. The main course taken over here starts with a briefly presentation about rationality and its exercises in Modernity and how the sociological-historical changes boosted into a theoretical change about the development of rationality. After that, the current work aims to recover the Habermasian conceptualization of rationality, which might allow an understanding of his criticism over Webers theory of social rationalization. Habermass investigations on Webers theses aims to provide a further understand of his analysis of his critique of instrumental reason from the Lukacss Western Marxism appropriation of Webers theory, which recognized social rationalization as a reification process. For sure it is close to Habermass thought that this theoretical course allowed Horkheimer and Adornos elaboration of their critique of instrumental reason that sought to attest the existence of an entire administered world with no prospects of emancipation. The path assumed over the current work aims to recover the Habermasian discussion which affirms that the Critical Theory of early XX Century is enclosed into insoluble aporias since it was assumed a crisis of reason in a so large scale, resulted from an unilateral exercise of the cognitive-instrumental reason in modern capitalist societies.
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Damasceno, Francisca JardÃlia Lima. "Quando a soma das partes altera o conteÃdo: (des) Continuidades da racionalidade tÃcnica instrumental na formaÃÃo inicial do professor de geografia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=20345.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
O objetivo desta pesquisa à compreender os percursos (des) contÃnuos da racionalidade tÃcnica instrumental na formaÃÃo inicial do professor de Geografia à luz do Paradigma CrÃtico EmancipatÃrio/Radical (GIROUX, 1983; 1986; 1997). O estudo teve como campo empÃrico o curso de licenciatura plena em Geografia da Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Matos â FAFIDAM/UECE, localizada na cidade Limoeiro do Norte, na regiÃo do Baixo Jaguaribe. As questÃes que nortearam o trabalho foram: Qual a relaÃÃo da racionalidade dominante com os modelos ideolÃgicos de formaÃÃo de professores? Que interseÃÃes tÃcnicas e instrumentais existem entre a âGeografia dos Professoresâ e âGeografia dos Estados Maioresâ (LACOSTE, 2009) no pensamento geogrÃfico no contexto da produÃÃo do espaÃo, especialmente a partir da metade do sÃculo XX? Quais sÃo os (des) caminhos da formaÃÃo de professores de Geografia na FAFIDAM na conjuntura neoliberal de educaÃÃo?Utilizamos as proposiÃÃes da Pesquisa Qualitativa do tipo Estudo de Caso (MINAYO, 2012; MENGA, ANDRÃ, 1998), cujo percurso metodolÃgico foi: levantamento bibliogrÃfico, pesquisa documental, realizaÃÃo de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os professores do curso, sistematizaÃÃo, interpretaÃÃo e discussÃo dos resultados. Os autores fundamentais, dentre outros, sÃo: Adorno (1985;2008), Apple (1994), Benjamin (2002), Gramsci (1978,1982), Frigotto (2010), Duarte (2008), Saviani (2008), Gentili (1998, 2013), Harvey (2005;2010), Rocha (2000;2010;2011). A investigaÃÃo visa contribuir com a reflexÃo crÃtica sobre formaÃÃo e a prÃtica docente do professor de geografia.
The objective of this research is to understand the (dis) continuous paths of instrumental technical rationality in the initial formation of the Geography teacher in light of the Emancipatory / Radical Critical Paradigm (GIROUX, 1983, 1986, 1997). The empirical field was the full degree course in Geography of the Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos - FAFIDAM / UECE, located in the city of Limoeiro do Norte, in the region of Baixo Jaguaribe. The questions that guided the work were: What is the relation of the dominant rationality with the ideological models of teacher training? What technical and instrumental intersections exist between "Geography of Teachers" and "Geography of the Major States" (LACOSTE, 2009) in geographic thought in the context of space production, especially since the mid-twentieth century? We used the propositions of the Qualitative Research of the Case Study type (MINAYO, 2012; MENGA, ANDRÃ, 1998), whose methodological course was: survey Bibliographical research, documental research, semi-structured interviews with the teachers of the course, systematization, interpretation and discussion of the results. The main authors are Adorno (1985, 2008), Apple (1994), Benjamin (2002), Gramsci (1978,1982), Frigotto (2010), Duarte (2008), Saviani (2008), Gentili 1998, 2013), Harvey (2005; 2010), Rocha (2000; 2010; 2011). The research aims to contribute to the critical reflection on training and teaching practice of the geography teacher.
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21

Rodrigues, Rubson Marques. "DIFICULDADES ENTRE RACIONALIDADE INSTRUMENTAL E RACIONALIDADE SUBSTANTIVA NA PRÁTICA GESTIONÁRIA DE PROFISSIONAIS FORMADOS EM CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2006. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1164.

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The present investigation of theoretical-bibliographic-documental aspect was developed on the basis of the dialectic method. Treats with the theme difficulties between instrumental rationality and substantive rationality in the management practice of professionals formed in administration's graduation degree. It focuses on the science and the technique's advance, in with the manager, when size the knowledge technologies, runs with efficiency the modern productive organizations, with the objective of gain profit with effectiveness in the effectivity of the surplus extraction. In this sense, the manager takes part of a group of professionals that maintains the logic of the production relations of capitalist society. This study looked for understand the relation of the manager and the capitalist mode of production with the current state of the work depreciation, in a society sustained by the market laws that imposes to many the rights deprivation, the unemployment anguish, transforming them into "socials ungrouped". Here comes the inquiry: The tension between the substantive rationality and the instrumental rationality leads the professional formed in administration's graduation degree to act in a way that violent his human condition? The tension between substantive rationality and instrumental rationality that goes through the manager's day by day in his management practices of the modern organizations was analyzed from the development on the comparative study with regard to the influences of the referred rationalities in the act of the manager formed in full graduation degree. It demonstrates that the philosophical basis of the modern science in his rational instrumental side is the main theoretical set of formation and qualification of the manager, endowing him with a profile appropriated to the laws of the market society, at the same time that transforms him into an instrument of the capitalists to keep the logic of the production relations of the contemporary world. This occurs, remarkably, because of the "semiformation" that he was submitted. Owner of an acritical formation, the manager has difficulties to exercise the auto-reflection. Therefore, the manager is taken to see the other people and himself as things, because the society that he serves, itself transformed in a thing, has under its commands every social imperatives that just counts and measures results. Things are measured and evaluated by the supply and demand market law, determining his exchanging value, in a dynamic known as fetish of the goods (MARX, 1978). The opposite way can be tracked by the alternative of formative experiences, in which the education headed to the critical auto-reflection favors the transformation of the individual in subject. It suggests, therefore, in this dissertation that the manager theoreticals, the coordinators, teachers and students of the Administration's graduation degree look for deepen their knowledge of the substantive rationality, having in sight what was demonstrated in this work: in the day by day of the manager practice the behaviors of the members of a productive group are not unilaterals, they shift into actions moved by instrumental and substantive rationalities, perpetuating the tense duality between both rationalities.
A presente investigação de cunho teórico-bibliográfico-documental foi desenvolvida com base no método dialético. Trata o tema dificuldades entre racionalidade instrumental e racionalidade substantiva na prática gestionária de administradores formados em Curso de Graduação. Enfoca-se o avanço da ciência e da técnica, em que o administrador, ao deter o conhecimento das tecnologias, gere com eficiência as organizações produtivas modernas, com o objetivo de auferir lucro com eficácia na efetividade da extração de mais-valia. Nesse sentido, o administrador faz parte de um grupo de profissionais que mantém a lógica das relações de produção da sociedade capitalista. Buscou-se neste estudo, compreender a relação do administrador e do modo de produção capitalista com o atual estágio de precarização do trabalho, em uma sociedade sustentada pelas leis mercadológicas que impõe a muitos, a privação de direitos, a angústia do desemprego, transformando-os em desfiliados sociais . Indaga-se então: Como compreender um profissional que, tendo a razão substantiva como imanente à sua condição humana, age movido pela razão instrumental, que não lhe é própria, mas imposta exteriormente, e se transforma em sua segunda natureza? A tensão entre racionalidade instrumental e racionalidade substantiva que atravessa o cotidiano do administrador nas suas práticas gestionárias das organizações modernas foi analisada a partir do desenvolvimento do estudo comparativo a respeito das influências das referidas racionalidades no agir do administrador formado em curso de graduação plena. Demonstra-se que a base filosófica da ciência moderna na sua vertente racional instrumental é o principal arcabouço teórico de formação e qualificação do administrador, dotando-o de um perfil adequado às leis da sociedade de mercado, ao mesmo tempo em que o transforma em um instrumento dos capitalistas para manter a lógica das relações de produção do mundo contemporâneo. Isto ocorre, notadamente, em razão da semiformação a que ele foi submetido. Portador de uma formação acrítica, o administrador tem dificuldade para exercitar a auto-reflexão. Sendo assim, administrador é levado a ver as outras pessoas e a si próprio como coisas, pois a sociedade a que serve, ela mesma transformada em uma coisa em si, tem sob seu comando todos os imperativos sociais que apenas contam e medem resultados. Coisas são medidas e avaliadas pela lei mercadológica da oferta e da procura, determinando o seu valor de troca, em uma dinâmica conhecida por fetichização da mercadoria (MARX, 1978). O caminho inverso pode ser trilhado pela alternativa de experiências formativas, em que a educação dirigida à auto-reflexão crítica favorece a transformação do indivíduo em sujeito. Sugere-se, portanto, nesta dissertação que os teóricos da administração, os coordenadores, professores e discentes dos Cursos de Graduação em Administração busquem aprofundar conhecimento sobre a racionalidade substantiva, tendo em vista o que foi demonstrado neste trabalho: no cotidiano da prática administrativa os comportamentos dos membros de um grupo produtivo não são unilaterais, eles alternam-se em ações movidas pelas racionalidades instrumental e substantiva, perpetuando a tensa dualidade entre ambas racionalidades.
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22

Dias, Ilane Frank. "As racionalidades instrumental e substantiva nos diferentes níveis de tomada de decisão de uma escola de samba : um estudo de caso na escola de samba União da Ilha da Magia." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/43.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research was conducted to understand the relationship between instrumental and substantive rationality in the different levels of decision making in a samba organization. Substantive rationality was first defended by the author Guerreiro Ramos to operationalize an alternative theory that emphasizes the existence of a substantive reason in social interactions, and maintain symbolic interaction interpersonal relationships in organizations, such as the distinction between work and occupation. Therefore seeks to add substantive rationality in the traditional decision making vision, into that, the human behavior expected by the organization should be transmitted at the highest levels of the administrative hierarchy to reach the employees. When the main organizational goal is to influence the behavior of employees, for achieving the expected result, lives up to instrumental rationality. The main objective was accomplished from a search on the Samba Organization União da Ilha da Magia, the youngest Samba Organization in the city of Florianopolis SC. As we entered the locus of research through documentary analysis, direct observations and interviews, the question of rationality emerged as a prominent theme for the decision-making activity of the organization. This research may contribute to the analysis and possible revision of the decision making processes of this kind of organization, conferring them a deeper organizational and technological understanding, while avoiding the exclusively empirical perception currently existing in the management of arts and social organizations. Through elements of discourse analysis, showed up in the discursive practices of decision makers, the predominance of instrumental rationality in top administration, and substantive rationality at intermediary levels of decision making. By the end, it was found that, paradoxically, in the event of the carnival parade, the leadership of the organization migrates from a recognized formal institutional structure to the operational structure.
Esta pesquisa busca compreender a relação entre as racionalidades instrumental e substantiva nos diferentes níveis de tomada de decisão de uma escola de samba. A racionalidade substantiva é defendida por Guerreiro Ramos que operacionaliza uma teoria alternativa que privilegia a existência de uma razão substantiva dentro dos espaços sociais, e defende a interação simbólica nos relacionamentos interpessoais nas organizações, como a distinção entre trabalho e ocupação. Busca assim agregar a racionalidade substantiva na tomada de decisão tradicional, em que o comportamento humano esperado pela organização deve ser transmitido dos mais altos escalões da hierarquia administrativa até chegar aos empregados de linha. Quando o principal objetivo organizacional é influenciar o comportamento dos empregados de linha, para que se alcance o resultado esperado, vive-se a racionalidade instrumental. Tal objetivo efetivou-se a partir de uma pesquisa na Escola de Samba União da Ilha da Magia, a mais nova escola de samba da cidade de Florianópolis. Conforme se adentrou no lócus de pesquisa, por meio de análise documental, observações diretas e entrevistas, a questão da racionalidade emergiu como um tema proeminente para a atividade de tomada de decisão desta organização. Este estudo poderá contribuir com a análise, e eventual revisão, dos processos de tomada de decisão da Escola de Samba, conferindo-lhe uma compreensão mais organizacional e técnica da mesma, evitando a percepção exclusivamente empírica existente atualmente na gestão de organizações artísticas e sociais. Por meio de elementos da análise do discurso, evidenciou-se, nas práticas discursivas dos tomadores de decisão, a presença predominante da racionalidade instrumental na alta administração, e de racionalidade substantiva nos níveis intermediários da tomada de decisão. Ao final, verificou-se que, paradoxalmente, no evento do desfile de carnaval, a liderança da organização migra de uma estrutura reconhecida como institucional formal para a estrutura operacional.
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Silva, ?lido Santiago da. "Gest?o de pessoas, fato administrativo e racionalidades: um estudo em uma ONG de Natal-RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12167.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
This present work aimed to investigate, through the structuring element Fato Administrativo , the way rationality guides the processes of personnel management at the Associa??o Companhia TerrAmar , which operates in the district of Felipe Camar?o in Natal/RN. This paper is characterized by a descriptive study, as it sought to establish the relationship between the materialization of the studied phenomenon - by means of a theoretical framework consisting of the following theories: Fato Administrativo (GUERREIRO RAMOS, 1983), Substantive and Instrumental Rationality (GUERREIRO RAMOS, 1981) and Proceedings of Personnel Management proposed by Joel Dutra (2004). As the main research findings, time as an intrinsic element of the Fato Administrativo - suffers much interference from external factors, especially from the sponsors of the researched organization and also from their bureaucratic control tools; not directly relating to the processes of Personnel Management, though. Among these, it was noticed that there isn‟t a dialogue between the sponsors and the theory, due to incompatibilities regarding the structure and nature of each organization. Both movement and development have stood out. These are processes that are guided by elements of substantive rationality, literally speaking, including personal, emancipatory and solidarity values. Thus, it is stated that for future research a compatible model of Personnel Management should be built and explored (compatible with the nature of nonprofit organizations). Understanding, in depth, the processes separately aiming to understand each work is also advised. Trying to fully understand the ways of overcoming the lack of skilled workers to perform activities in similar organizations needs to be considered as well
A presente disserta??o teve por objetivo averiguar atrav?s do elemento estruturante do Fato Administrativo, a forma com que as racionalidades norteiam os processos de Gest?o de Pessoas da Associa??o Companhia TerrAmar, que atua no bairro de Felipe Camar?o no munic?pio de Natal/RN. Caracterizou-se por ser um estudo descritivo, pois buscou estabelecer as rela??es existentes na materializa??o do fen?meno pesquisado por meio de um aporte te?rico constitu?do das seguintes teorias: Fato Administrativo (GUERREIRO RAMOS, 1983), Racionalidade Instrumental e Racionalidade Substantiva (GUERREIRO RAMOS, 1981) e modelo Gest?o de Pessoas proposto Joel Dutra (2004). Como principais achados da pesquisa, podem-se destacar que o tempo, elemento constituinte do Fato Administrativo, sofre forte interfer?ncia de fatores externos, principalmente, a influ?ncia dos patrocinadores da organiza??o pesquisada e das pe?as de controle burocr?ticas utilizadas por estes financiadores, entretanto sem rela??o direta com os processos de Gest?o de Pessoas. Dentre estes, notou-se que n?o est?o em conformidade com a teoria, devido a incompatibilidades com a estrutura e natureza da organiza??o. Destacam-se, ainda, a movimenta??o e o desenvolvimento. S?o processos que s?o norteados por elementos da Racionalidade Substantiva, entre eles os valores pessoais, emancipat?rios e solid?rios. Desta forma, indica-se que para pr?ximas pesquisas, deva-se explorar, a constru??o de um modelo de Gest?o de Pessoas que seja compat?vel com a natureza das organiza??es sem fins lucrativos. Como tamb?m, compreender, aprofundadamente, os processos em separado para entender o funcionamento isolado de cada um deles. Ou ainda, buscar compreender a fundo as formas de supera??o a falta de trabalhadores qualificados para exercer atividades em organiza??es similares
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24

Silva, Marcos Paulo da. "A CONSTRUÇÃO CULTURAL DA NARRATIVA NOTICIOSA: noticiabilidade, representação simbólica e regularidade cotidiana." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2013. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/644.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This dissertation is an eminently qualitative theoretical-conceptual discussion about the cultural construction of the newsworthiness criteria inside the journalism practice. Its central proposal is to insert the issue of newsworthiness that is, the debate around the responsible parameters for characterizing certain events as newsworthy events over others inside a wider cultural reflection that targets to dimensionate the news narrative as one of the most consistent elements of the modern everyday experience. The specific research goals are: 1) the theoretical discussion about some of the most significant conceptual approaches that the newsworthiness criteria have historically in the social sciences; 2) the presentation of an alternative group of theoretical conceptions that articulated can explain the complexity of the news selection process; and 3) a proposal of a theoretical-conceptual systematization for these articulations so that this dissertation could be synchronized with the state of art in the field of journalism theory. The debate will arrive, finally, in the creation of an explicative pendulum model that consolidates itself as a possible metaphor for the relation between the journalism practice, the everyday paradoxes and the symbolic parameters that characterize the everyday regularity as a cultural pattern of the modern sociability.
A tese constitui uma discussão teórico-conceitual de natureza eminentemente qualitativa sobre a construção cultural dos chamados critérios de noticiabilidade no jornalismo. Sua proposta central é inserir a problemática da noticiabilidade isto é, a discussão em torno dos parâmetros que levam determinados acontecimentos a receber a valoração de notícia em detrimento de outros no interior de uma reflexão mais ampla, de ordem culturalista, que objetiva dimensionar a narrativa noticiosa como um dos elementos estético-expressivos mais consistentes na sustentação da experiência cotidiana moderna. Como objetivos específicos, busca-se: 1) a discussão teórica de algumas das mais significativas abordagens conceituais que os critérios de noticiabilidade recebem historicamente nas ciências sociais; 2) a apresentação de um conjunto alternativo de concepções teóricas que, articuladas, possam explicitar a complexidade do processo de seleção noticiosa; e 3) a proposição de uma sistematização teórico-conceitual para tais articulações de modo a sintonizar a tese com o estado da arte no campo da teoria do jornalismo. Aporta-se, ao fim, na elaboração de um modelo explicativo pendular que se institui como metáfora possível para a relação entre o jornalismo, os paradoxos cotidianos e os parâmetros simbólicos que caracterizam a regularidade cotidiana como padrão cultural da sociabilidade moderna.
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25

Nilsson, Per. "Naturen, vetenskapen och förnuftet : upplysningens dialektik och det andra moderna." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Filosofi och lingvistik, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60605.

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The topic of this study is one specific area where the tension between instrumental rationality and value rationality becomes prominent: the question whether we have a rational responsibility for nature or not. Such a responsibility cannot be derived from instrumental reason, but it is argued that it can be derived from discourse ethics and communicative rationality. The study begins with an examination of Georg-Henrik von Wright's cultural criticism. It is argued that his subjectivist view of values limits reason to the realm of instrumental rationality. Horkheimer and Adorno's theory of instrumental reason is examined. They claim that instrumental reason, through the negative dialectics of the enlightenment, have created a vacuum with regard to values. Marcuse's anthropological solution to the problem of values, and his theory of an emancipatory science and technology, are examined and rejected as Utopian. The philosophy of Jürgen Habermas is examined, and it is shown how he solves the problem of his predecessors through the dual framework of work and interaction. His hypothesis of three knowledge- constitutive interests is analyzed, and it is concluded that a general theory of communication is needed in order to solve the problem of value rationality. It is shown how Habermas later theory of communicative rationality and discourse ethics overcomes the shortcomings of his earlier theory. It is argued, among other things, that his theory of communicative rationality is compatible with a correspondence theory of truth, ontological realism and epistemological fallibilism. Discourse ethics makes a rational discussion of values and norms possible. It is argued that it solves the problem of value rationality, but without providing a definition of the good or the right. It is shown that revisabilty is an important part of discourse ethics. This is manifested in the hypothetical status of discourse ethics, and in the revisability of the norms proposed. It is argued that we are in fact able to rationally propose a norm, which demands responsibility for nature within the framework of communicative rationality and discourse ethics, although such a norm must be the result of the outcome of a rational discourse and is itself, revisable.
digitalisering@umu
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26

Zanette, Elaine Cristina Casagrande. "O estudo da racionalidade e da qualidade de vida no trabalho percepção dos empregados da diretoria técnica de uma organização distribuidora de energia elétrica do estado de Santa Catarina." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/219.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research is to ascertain a new issue in the study area of Administration. This exploring study aims to make the relations between the study of instrumental rationality, substantive rationality and quality of working life. Instrumental rationality, a kind of rationality attributed to the behavior of organizations since its organ origin, which means an instrument in search of results and goals, for which the purposes are present through intermediary ways that can be materials or diverse resources in the search of the highest financial results, a profit according to their marketing relations. Substantive rationality, another type that is linked to human affairs, social, or values held by the human essence. Quality of Working Life is a way to evaluate the working conditions that promote greater satisfaction and fulfillment to the worker. This study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach and with descriptive, exploratory and interpretive nature, investigated the perception of a sample of 110 individuals who work in areas belonging to the Technical Board of an electricity distributor organization in Florianópolis - SC. The results expose that the greatest need for workers so they can meet their satisfaction and fulfillment at work are: professional recognition, fair wages and compatible with their needs of life, higher ethics and justice in the actions and decisions of managers and team work. The annoyances that have most jumbled the capacity of enjoying the benefits of personal and professional fulfillment at work are: great political interference in technical decisions and professional recognition, and also the lack of growth prospects and improvements in career has brought dissatisfaction with their work. Before the conducted relations, it is possible to infer the propositions that the dominance of instrumental rationality can impair the improvement of quality of working life and that the balance with the presence of elements of substantive rationality, such as autonomy, ethical judgments and emancipatory values, can improve the conditions and generate improvements in the workplace
Esta pesquisa vem averiguar uma questão nova na área de estudos da Administração. O trabalho investigativo tem o objetivo de fazer as relações entre o estudo da racionalidade instrumental, racionalidade substantiva e qualidade de vida no trabalho. Racionalidade instrumental, um tipo de racionalidade atribuída ao modo de comportamento das organizações desde a sua origem organ que significa um instrumento em busca de resultados e objetivos, os quais os fins se fazem presente por meios intermediários que podem ser materiais ou recursos diversos na busca dos mais altos resultados financeiros, um lucro em função das relações mercadológicas. Racionalidade substantiva, outra tipologia que está atrelado às questões humanas, sociais, ou seja, valores defendidos pela essência humana. Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho é a maneira de avaliar as condições de trabalho que favoreçam maior satisfação e realização ao trabalhador. Este estudo, com uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa e com natureza descritiva, exploratória e interpretativa, investigou a percepção de uma amostra de 110 indivíduos que trabalham em áreas pertencentes à Diretoria Técnica de uma organização distribuidora de energia elétrica no município de Florianópolis SC. Os resultados revelam que as maiores necessidades dos trabalhadores para que possam atender a sua satisfação e realização no trabalho são: reconhecimento profissional, salário justo e compatível com suas necessidades de vida; maior ética e justiça nas ações e decisões dos gestores e na equipe de trabalho. Os incômodos que mais tem atrapalhado a capacidade de desfrutar dos benefícios da realização pessoal e profissional no trabalho é: grande interferência política nas decisões e reconhecimento profissional técnico; e, além disso, a falta de perspectiva de crescimento e melhorias na carreira tem trazido insatisfação com o seu trabalho. Perante as relações efetuadas podem-se chegar às proposições de que a predominância da racionalidade instrumental pode prejudicar a melhoria da qualidade de vida no trabalho, e que o melhor equilíbrio com a presença dos elementos da racionalidade substantiva, como: autonomia, julgamento ético e valores emancipatórios podem aprimorar as condições e melhorias no ambiente de trabalho
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27

Heath, Geoffrey. "Performance Management and Rationalityin Public Sector Organisations." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Människa och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73875.

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Abstract and Keywords  The thesis concerns different conceptions of rationality and their implications for organisations, especially in the public sector. The focus is on performance management (as widely defined) within public sector organisations as a subject for exploring these issues. This has long been controversial because seemingly simplistic approaches to performance management persist, despite well recognised shortcomings, such as a tendency to perverse incentives and unintended outcomes.  Therefore, in the kappa, I analyse the notion of instrumental rationality, examine the established critique of instrumental rationality from a ‘political’ perspective and present the dilemma that this creates; i.e. how to improve processes of resource allocation and performance evaluation, while recognising organisational realities such as imbalances in power. The potential of communicative rationality as an alternative conceptualisation of rationality in organisations is then discussed.    The development of public sector management from the fiscal crises of the 1970s is explained, with the rise of the ‘New Public Management’ based on neo-liberal ideas, and the subsequent opposition to it from ‘New Public Governance’ and ‘New Public Services’ paradigms. These potentially give more scope to participative and deliberative processes of generating performance measurement packages and control systems. Moreover, in practice, particularly interesting examples of participatory approaches have been found in developing countries which align with communicative rationality. A critical position is adopted in the thesis, seeking to challenge ‘managerialist’ orthodoxies.  As a theoretical guide to understanding these issues, conceptual frameworks from the management control literature are used. Broadbent and Laughlin’s (2009) conceptual model of performance management systems has been of particular value. They draw on Weber and Habermas to distinguish between instrumental and communicative rationality models and between transactional and relational performance management systems. This enables them to identify two distinct ideal types of ‘rationality clusters’ (instrumental and communicative) to which organisations will incline. They also contend that contingent factors influence where actual organisations are located between these two ideal types.          7  The four papers I have selected for the licentiate from my various publications report on research carried out in three different public sector settings using different methods of investigation. Paper 1 considers the approaches to resource allocation and performance measurement then used by English Health Authorities at the time of writing. In Paper 2 an evaluation carried out at an English police service, utilising cost-consequences analysis, is described and discussed. Papers 3 and 4 concern a performance management regime for the English ambulance service, which became noted for promoting perverse incentives and ‘gaming’, and its subsequent replacement. The first two papers foreground issues of rationality and the last two issues of performance management; but these topics are interrelated and are relevant throughout. It is argued in all the papers that comprehensively ‘rationalistic’ approaches are flawed and that participation, deliberation and dialogue between stakeholders are desirable.
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Chang, Chih-Yao. "Resident Attitudes toward Community Development Alternatives." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/622.

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Utilizing survey data collected in four communities in the State of Utah, this study examined the extent to which rural resident perceptions and attitudes toward local community circumstances influence their own expectations and attitudes subjectively toward future community development alternatives. Understanding perceptions of community and community development, as well as the patterns of localized community development, is crucial and needs to consider residents' opinions and attitudes toward unique rural economic, environmental, and social conditions in order to help preserve the unique characteristics of the way of life while continuing economic improvement and social betterment in rural areas. Three conceptual frameworks of development (economic, environmental, and social) are applied in this study to explore the relationship between local residents' general attitudes toward the current conditions in their community and their attitudes toward development alternatives. I examine how these three development frameworks guide rural scholars to understand whether the pattern of community development is consistent across the region or localized from community to community. Four different types of rural communities were selected in a Utah-wide community survey in the summer of 2008. These communities are facing four different change patterns: an increasing senior community, an energy-development community, a recreational community, and a constant community that has remained stable over the last five decades. Each type of community has its unique economy, lifestyle, culture, and environment, in which local residents have developed a way of life in response to these changes in social and economic structures. Research findings indicate that the local residents' self-perceptions of community economic situation are not significant indictors to support the arguments of the economic development framework. However, indexes of environmental and social development frameworks are found to have strong associations with locals' environmental and social development alternatives. Also, different types of rural community show different demands for community development strategies, implying that a single development framework would not be sufficient to explain the complex of local residents' perceptions and attitudes toward community development unless the researchers integrate other perspectives into the model.
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Lacerda, Daniel da Silva. "Organizações não governamentais (ONGs) e mercado: estudo de campo de um inevitável choque de racionalidades." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/6667.

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What we have assumed as rational and logic from the beginning of the Modern Times provides a mental system, used on decision making, which carries itself a framework of premises and values. These rules aim the functional maximization of the consequences, far from any subjective value. Weber (1994) classified this system as 'instrumental rationality', distinguished as goal-oriented. He also defined the 'substantive rationality', assumed by the values of the subject and not oriented by any consequences of the action. Even though many authors started from these rationalities definitions to expose the duality that separates the world from the trends of market centralization and their instrumental logic, Guerreiro Ramos (1989) was the one who strongly contributed to the study of the organizations, separating different social enclaves, in which the rationalities would be better applied in one or another environment. In this context the marketplace although separated from others is an important and legitimated enclave where social relations are devoted to serve the subject. The present work is based on Critical Theory and assumes that the NGOs (NonGovernmental Organizations) belong to a different field from the one of economic organizations, once they are motivated by different rationalities. A field research was made among five nonprofit organizations, with declared goals of social action (Harmonicanto, Reviverde, ACAM, Observatório de Favelas and Bola pra Frente). The research aimed to identify deviating influences that the instrumental rationality imposes on the achievement of the original goals of these organizations. It was also observed that there are circumstances that support the adoption of the instrumental rationality, such as: necessity of self maintenance, the area of operation, the dimension of the organization, the influence of the leader, etc. The main outcome is that such organizations, despite the fact they are not environments dedicated to the individual’s growth (as the concept of Isonomy of Guerreiro Ramos defines), betray their public purpose, and are driven by the consequences every time they assimilate in a basic form the organizational dynamic of an economic organization.
Aquilo que passamos a entender como racional e lógico a partir da era moderna, provê um esquema mental para tomada de ações que carrega um arcabouço de premissas e valores consigo. Essas regras visam a maximização utilitária das consequências, esvaziadas de qualquer valor subjetivo. Weber (1994) classificou acessoriamente esse esquema como 'racionalidade instrumental', que se caracteriza por ser orientada pelos fins, meios e consequências da ação. Em contraposição, definiu ainda a 'racionalidade substantiva', postulada nos valores do sujeito, que não se orienta por quaisquer consequências da ação. Muitos autores partiram dessas racionalidades para representar a dualidade que acomete o mundo a partir da centralidade do mercado e sua lógica instrumental, mas foi Guerreiro Ramos (1989) quem deu contundente contribuição ao estudo das organizações separando diferentes enclaves sociais, nos quais as racionalidades seriam mais adequadas em um ou outro espaço. Nesse contexto, o mercado é um enclave importante e legítimo, mas apartado de outros, nos quais as relações sociais existem para servir o sujeito. Esse trabalho, fundamentado na Teoria Crítica, reconhece que as ONGs (Organizações Não Governamentais) devem pertencer a um campo distinto daquele das empresas econômicas, por se basearem em racionalidades diferentes das mesmas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo junto a cinco organizações sem fins lucrativos, com fins declarados de ação social (Harmonicanto, Reviverde, ACAM, Observatório de Favelas e Bola pra Frente), buscando identificar as influências desviacionistas que a adoção da racionalidade instrumental impõe sobre a realização dos objetivos previstos para essas organizações. Observou-se que existem contingências que favorecem o uso da instrumentalidade nessas organizações, como: necessidade de autossustentação, área de atuação, tamanho da organização, influência do líder, etc. Conclui-se que tais organizações, apesar de não serem espaços dedicados à atualização do sujeito (como define a Isonomia de Guerreiro Ramos), delatam o seu fim público e orientam-se pelas consequências sempre que absorvem de forma crua a dinâmica organizacional de uma empresa econômica.
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Odhage, John. "Otraditionella lösningar med traditionella medel : Åtgärdsvalstudien som planeringsfenomen." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206993.

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This thesis aims to understand the method of strategic choice (MSC, Sw. metodik för åtgärdsvalsstudier) in Swedish transport planning as a planning phenomenon. Based on a normative interpretative approach and critical theory, underlying ideas and thinking that surround the context of MSC and how they are expressed in practice, in the guidelines and in concrete planning situations were investigated. The starting point was that changing conditions in society have necessitated reform of the transport sector and a new method has been introduced. It aims to enable a broader grip on transport issues by opening them up together with other actors, thus increasing scope and spreading responsibility for more sectors and activities, enabling new and unconventional solutions to transport problems for a sustainable future. MSC is described and interpreted here as a manifold phenomenon that reveals a tension between different perspectives and mindsets, but also leads to certain aspects being more often expressed which complicates wider and deeper perspectives on complex societal problems. More concretely, it was found that the collaboration in MSC is limited prematurely and is often limited at an early stage of the process, and that this leads to a more narrow understanding of the problem to be solved than would otherwise be the case. Furthermore, one specific perspective, namely the transport system perspective, is proposed explicitly as the basis for assessments. The study has also identified challenges related to the consideration of conflicting and contradictory knowledge claims in the process. Assessments of the effects of actions are assumed to be based upon logical premises, and not on judgments in dialogue and argumentation. However, the analysis suggested that the functional instrumental reasoning of success-oriented action does not seem to take normative and political issues into consideration in order to better address sustainable development issues in the complex, democratic and pluralist society. In conclusion, the analysis identifies the need for these processes in addressing a sustainable future to be kept open in a more inclusive and diverse way, drawing on more and different possible futures.

QC 20170515

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Falkenström, Erica. "Verksamhetschefens etiska kompetens : Om identifiering och hantering av intressekonflikter i hälso- och sjukvården." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78843.

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While research concerning ethical competence in medical practice is frequent, ethical competence in health care management is less often studied. This thesis focuses ethical competence and its preconditions, particularly with regard to health care managers’ identification and handling conflicts of interest. Based on the empirical analysis it also discusses what kind of ethical competence health care managers need, and how this competence can be developed in the organization. The study is based in action theory and takes an organizational pedagogical point of departure. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were carried out twice with ten health care managers in the Stockholm region. Data were analysed using a thematic, step-wise method. The analysis revealed several examples of conflicts of interest and different ways in which they were managed. The all-embracing conflict involved weighing and prioritizing patients’ needs, patient safety, and work environment against political and economical goals. In most cases the informants did not manage to strike a balance between professional ethics and business management. The dominance of purposive/instrumental rationality tended to inhibit the managers’ ethical competence. At the same time, as shown by the analysis, some of the managers were able to use ethical competence to pursue value/belief-oriented rationality in achieving such a balance. Of great importance for success are having rational emotions and an adequate ethical language, and organizing for the task of handling conflict of interests in order to support action and provide qualifying experiences to learn from in the work processes. But the political and administrative control system also needs to clearly articulate the ethical dimensions of the managers’ task, allocate resources, and ensure that support systems and evaluation focus not only on finances but also on the value-rational aspects.
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32

Watters, Jordan Austin. "Reproducing Canada's colonial legacy: a critical analysis of Aboriginal issues in Ontario high school curriculum." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/656.

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33

Schmidt, Marcus. "Gotta go fast: Measured rationalities and rational measurements in the context of speedrunning." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67588.

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This thesis studies the Weberian notion of rationality in the context of speedrunning and the speedrunning community. By contrasting the instrumental rationality of the speedrunning practice with the value-oriented rationality of the community, it crystallizes the difference between "performing the metrics" as an extension of community values and as a function of externally imposed constraints. The former is an expression of autonomy, while the latter an expression of heteronomy. This difference, it is argued, is found in many different areas of society, sometimes in the guise of "audit culture", at other times as an unintended side-effect of established forms of practice. In either case, a return to communal values (e.g. the sociological imagination) is seen as an antidote to becoming an extension of someone else’s metrics; autonomy is not a function of performing to external specifications, but of being able to rationally choose which measurements to use and which to leave aside. Speedrunners, in their endeavor to go fast, express such autonomy, albeit implicitly. By analyzing YouTube videos wherein runners explain their tactics and methods, this thesis endeavors to make this aspect of autonomy ever so slightly more explicit.
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34

Guay, Philippe. "Innovation technico-scientifique et rationalité instrumentale dans l'utopie et la dystopie technique moderne." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7925.

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Baril, Jessyka. "Les limites de l'homo oeconomicus par l’analyse du Black Friday : puissance, dépense et rituel de masse." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21290.

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Maunier, Sophie. "Comprendre la mise en place de l'assurance qualité au niveau collégial à l'aide de l'ethnométhodologie." Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9310/1/eprint9310.pdf.

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37

"Toward a critical instructional technology: Instrumental rationality, objectification, and psychologism." UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3279563.

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38

Chia-Hua, Hsu, and 許家華. "The Instrumental Rationality of Taiwan Education : Grom the Concept of Max Weber''s Rationalization Theory." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18287323349461034083.

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碩士
國立師範大學
三民主義研究所
86
The researcher focuses the study on education of Taiwan and the motivesinclude: (1)education concerns not only personal progresses of individuals,butalso the improvements of society and public sphere. (2) there is a close rela-tionship between education and the developments of nation, and it is moreimportant to realize the role and the functions of education policy in thegovernmental regime. With this percipience, the main purpose of this re-search is to analyze the performing processes of educational improvement andsocial reform, and to combine these two issues mentioned above. For the inten-tion,the researcher choices two paths to approach the target. First, using theconcept of Max Weber''s rationalization theory to comprehend the feature ofinstrumental rationality and to introspect our nation policy . Second, usingindependent theory to expound the structures of politics and economy of Taiwansince 1950''s in order to examine the transmutation of education. The followingfindings emerged from this study include : (1) from Weber''s concept of ration-alization ,we have understood that instrumental rationality had been a leadingpower of our modern society. (2) in the processes of political, economic , andsocial reforms, education policy play an influential role. (3) owing to theoverall management of whole resources of politics,economy, culture,and societyby structural hegemony,our education had been executed in a formal rationliza-tional way.
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Xu, Jia-Hua, and 許家華. "The Instrumental Rationality of Taiwan Education : Grom the Concept of Max Weber''s Rationalization Theory." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15379367333457187449.

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40

Sullivan, Paul W. "Nietzsche or Aristotle: The implications for social psychology." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7881.

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Yes
In this article, I argue that there is a divide in social psychology between a mainstream paradigm for investigating the flow of power in a largely competitive social life (such as social cognition, social identity theory, and discourse analysis) and a fringe paradigm for investigating the experience of flourishing in conditions of social learning (such as ‘the community of practice metaphor’, ‘dialogical theory’, ‘phenomenological analysis’). Assumptions of power and flourishing demand different conceptions of the self and the social world (e.g. a strategic subject or motivated tactician in a social group versus a reflective learner/artist in a community of practice). The first goal of this article is to reveal the assumptions that lead to this new classification. The second goal is to draw dotted lines to the blind-spots within these paradigms that each reveals. These blind spots are: 1) internal goods could be useful to consider for the power paradigm and external goods for the flourishing paradigm; 2) communicative rationality is underplayed within the power paradigm; while instrumental rationality is underplayed for the flourishing paradigm; 3) judgements and skill are underplayed in the power paradigm; self-interested motivations are underplayed in the flourishing paradigm.
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Kleňha, Jan. "Racionální Iracionalita v USA." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357892.

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In this thesis, the theory of rational irrationality is used to explore the incentives behind seemingly irrational beliefs held by a large part of the contemporary American society towards anthropogenic climate change. Applying causal analysis, three questions are answered: "is it rationally irrational for people to be indifferent towards climate change?" "Are Americans inherently more likely than others to hold irrational beliefs about global issues such as climate change?" If so, "is this phenomenon rooted in certain values that constitute the American identity?" The author focuses on specific "American values" and uses statistics and recent empirical studies to find correlations and causality between those values and the exhibited behavior of individuals, while discussing its possible causes and implications. The study concludes that the root cause of irresponsibility of the American citizen towards climate change is a lack of social mechanisms rewarding individuals for holding epistemologically accurate beliefs. The author then proposes a set of general measures to be prioritized in order to improve social reward mechanisms in the American society. If implemented, those measures should be able to effectively enforce epistemic rationality in the U.S. political debate, which is desirable...
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