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Books on the topic 'Rationality of objects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Deuber-Mankowsky, Astrid, and Christoph F. E. Holzhey, eds. Situiertes Wissen und regionale Epistemologie. Turia + Kant, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-07.

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Wie wird das Leben zum Objekt des Wissens? Und wie gestaltet sich das Verhältnis von Leben, Wissenschaft und Technik? Donna J. Haraway und Georges Canguilhem verstehen diese Fragen als politische Fragen und Epistemologie als eine politische Praxis. Die besondere Aktualität von Canguilhems Denken leitet sich aus der von ihm gestellten Frage her, wie sich eine Geschichte der Rationalität des Wissens vom Leben schreiben lässt. Niemand hat die politische Intention dieser Frage besser verstanden als Foucault, der in Canguilhems Nachfolge den Menschen als Lebewesen und dessen Geschichte als Teil der

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2

Kiesewetter, Benjamin. Structural Requirements of Rationality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754282.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 provides an examination of some elementary questions about structural requirements of rationality. These questions are discussed, as far as possible, in abstraction from the normative question about rationality. The first section introduces the main disagreements about requirements of structural rationality, namely whether they take wide or narrow scope (3.1). The chapter then goes on to discuss several questions about the form of such requirements: whether their objects are propositions or responses (3.2); whether they are conditional or unconditional (3.3); whether they are synchro

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3

Gorodeisky, Keren. Rationally Agential Pleasure? A Kantian Proposal. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190225100.003.0009.

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This chapter argues that, on Kant’s account, aesthetic pleasure is an exercise of rational agency insofar as, when proper, (1) it involves consciousness of its ground (the reasons for having it) and thus of itself as properly responsive to its object, and (2) actually feeling this pleasure involves its endorsement as an attitude to have. I claim that seeing this clearly requires that we divest ourselves of the following dilemma: either pleasures are the noncognitive, passive ways through which we are affected by objects or they are cognitive states by virtue of the theoretical beliefs or pract

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4

Glüer, Kathrin. Triangulation. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0039.

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As an analogy, triangulation was introduced into the philosophy of mind and language in Donald Davidson's 1982 paper ‘Rational animals’. The analogy is used to support the claim that linguistic communication not only suffices to show that a creature is a rational animal in the sense of having propositional thoughts, but that it is necessary as well: ‘rationality is a social trait. Only communicators have it’. The triangulation argument employs the premise that in order to have any propositional thought whatsoever, a creature needs to have the concept of objective truth. To have this concept, h

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5

Smith, Michael. Three Kinds of Moral Rationalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797074.003.0003.

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Moral rationalism can be formulated in three very different ways depending on which of three features the moral rationalist thinks is more fundamental when it comes to explaining what we are obliged to do, permitted to do, and forbidden from doing. The first of these is the relation that holds between certain considerations and intentions or desires when those considerations provide reasons for having those intentions or desires. The second is the choiceworthiness or desirability of the objects of an agent’s intentions or desires. The third is the set of structural relations that an agents’ in

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6

Sousa, Ronald de. 4. Reasons. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199663842.003.0004.

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Love requires an object, but what is an object, and why just this object and not another? There are many reasons—good and bad—for loving someone or something. What reasons are appropriately adduced to explain or justify love? What reasons would you wish to be loved for? The role of reasons for love is confusing. ‘Reasons’ attempts to shed some light on it, by considering three points of view: the lover, an objective observer, and the beloved. It concludes that love does not derive from reason, virtue, or Kantian core rationality. It is largely the offspring of chance: in proximity, order of ac

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7

Beller, Steven. 4. The culture of irrationalism. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198724834.003.0004.

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Why has antisemitism been defined as ‘irrational’ hostility to Jews? This cultural approach was a reaction against the rationalist claim that all human experience and endeavour could be reduced to rational, calculable objects and relations. ‘The culture of irrationalism’ looks at the strong link between German cultural ‘irrationalism’, Romanticism, and antisemitism, and how influential people in the arts contributed to this. Even irrational thinkers who opposed antisemitism, such as Friedrich Nietzsche, also contributed in some way to the antisemitic thrust of German irrationalist culture. Jew

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8

Brafman, Yonatan Y. Critique of Halakhic Reason. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197767931.001.0001.

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Abstract Norms and obligations are central components of many religious traditions. Yet they have often been neglected as objects of reflection in the study of religion. Moreover, despite the centrality of mitzvah (commandment) in Judaism, halakhah (Jewish law) has only recently become a central topic in modern Jewish thought. This book rectifies these deficiencies while forging new connections between reflection on religion and modern Jewish thought by offering a critique of halakhic reason. It offers fresh assessments of twentieth-century Jewish thinkers as both deeply engaged in reason-givi

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9

Renz, Ursula. Finitude, or the Limited Knowability of Finite Things. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199350162.003.0010.

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This chapter addresses the issue of the limitation of the knowability of particular finite things. Focusing on 2p8 and 2p9, the chapter discerns two sorts of limitations: the empirical origin of the existence of particular objects and the local determination of events. Neither of these limitations undermines the universal validity of the rationalist principle of the intelligibility of any being. Nevertheless, they establish conditions of possibility for the notion of understanding or intellection itself. Rather than being concerned with the paradoxical notion of infinite perspective, Spinoza’s

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10

Wedgwood, Ralph. The Beginnings of an Answer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802693.003.0003.

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This chapter answers the first two of the four objections from the end of Chapter 1. (1) When thinking rationally has disastrous consequences, in one sense (reflecting the ‘wrong kind of reasons’) you ‘ought not’ to think rationally, but in another sense (reflecting the ‘right kind of reasons’) you ‘ought’ to think rationally. This corresponds to the difference, not between ‘state-given’ and ‘object-given’ reasons, but between the norms that are, and those that are not, constitutive of the mental states to which they apply. (2) If it is really possible to have rational false beliefs about what

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11

Steglich-Petersen, Asbjørn. Epistemic Instrumentalism, Permissibility, and Reasons for Belief. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758709.003.0014.

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Epistemic instrumentalists seek to understand the normativity of epistemic norms on the model of practical instrumental norms governing the relation between aims and means. Non-instrumentalists often object that this commits instrumentalists to implausible epistemic assessments. This chapter argues that this objection presupposes an implausibly strong interpretation of epistemic norms. Once we realize that epistemic norms should be understood in terms of permissibility rather than obligation, and that evidence only occasionally provides normative reasons for belief, an instrumentalist account

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12

Shagan, Ethan. The Ecclesiastical Polity. Edited by Lorna Hutson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660889.013.21.

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The ecclesiastical polity, and the laws that governed it, were at the heart of post-Reformation England’s constitution. Yet there was no consensus about where the ecclesiastical polity was located, who made its laws, or how those laws should be enforced; the same theological compromises that helped preserve the peace of the Church rendered religious law incoherent. Famously, Richard Hooker attempted to resolve this incoherence in his Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, but he failed to do so, as did all subsequent early modern attempts. The result was that, well into the nineteenth century

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13

Radcliffe, Elizabeth S. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199573295.003.0001.

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The Introduction offers, first, a brief historical background to Hume’s theory of the passions, which is further elaborated in the APPENDIX. Foremost among the theses of the early modern rationalists—like Reynolds, Senault, Descartes, Cudworth, and Clarke—to which Hume is responding are: that many passions left unregulated lead to the pursuit of unsuitable objects, that reason can overcome the pernicious influence of the passions and control our actions, and that the passions are states that represent good and evil. Second, the Introduction presents a sketch of Hume’s characterization of reaso

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14

Golubev, Alexey. The Things of Life. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752889.001.0001.

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This book is a social and cultural history of material objects and spaces during the late socialist era. It traces the biographies of Soviet things, examining how the material world of the late Soviet period influenced Soviet people's gender roles, habitual choices, social trajectories, and imaginary aspirations. Instead of seeing political structures and discursive frameworks as the only mechanisms for shaping Soviet citizens, the book explores how Soviet people used objects and spaces to substantiate their individual and collective selves. In doing so, the author rediscovers what helped Sovi

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15

Dorsch, Fabian. The Phenomenal Presence of Perceptual Reasons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199666416.003.0009.

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This chapter argues for Phenomenal Rationalism about perceptual experiences: the claim that our basic awareness of reasons for perceptual belief is phenomenal and non-conceptual. The main idea is that, from the inside, perceptual experiences seem to be reason-giving insofar as they seem to be relations to, and determined by, external objects and their features. The argumentation centres partly on the claim that assuming the phenomenal presence of the relationality and determination of perceptual experiences provides the best explanation of why so many good philosophers were convinced of the so

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16

Biernacki, Richard. Rationalization Processes inside Cultural Sociology. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.3.

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This article examines the use of analytic continua with spatial scaling and with potentially similar reifying effects to rationalize social meaning rather than just sound or sight in cultural sociology. It considers the use of the figure of spatial scaling as a point of entry to elucidate the basic logic by which many sociologists interpret the relation between what is culturally meaningful and what lies “outside” culture (or our concept of culture). Four case studies that illustrate how cultural practices generate meanings and reference in social life are presented: one relating to the creati

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17

Radcliffe, Elizabeth S. Hume, Passion, and Action. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199573295.001.0001.

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David Hume’s theory of action is well known for several provocative theses, including that passion and reason cannot be opposed over the direction of action. In Hume, Passion, and Action, the author defends an original interpretation of Hume’s views on passion, reason, and motivation that is consistent with other theses in Hume’s philosophy, loyal to his texts, and historically situated. This book challenges the now orthodox interpretation of Hume on motivation, presenting an alternative that situates Hume closer to “Humeans” than many recent interpreters have. Part of the strategy is to exami

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18

Abacı, Uygar. Kant's Revolutionary Theory of Modality. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831556.001.0001.

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This book offers a comprehensive study of Kant’s views on modal notions of possibility, actuality or existence, and necessity. It aims to locate Kant’s views on these notions in their broader historical context, establish their continuity and transformation across Kant’s precritical and critical texts, and determine their role in the substance as well as the development of Kant’s philosophical project. It makes two overarching claims. First, Kant’s precritical views on modality, which appear in the context of his attempts to revise the ontological argument and are critical of the tradition onl

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19

Smith, Lisa Wynne, Laurence Totelin, Iona McCleery, et al., eds. A Cultural History of Medicine in the Enlightenment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474206037.

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The Enlightenment, as concept and time period, was haunted by ambiguities about the relationships between mind and body, humans and the natural world, and reason and imagination. The 18th century was inherently contradictory, particularly when it came to ideas about medicine and the body. The growing optimism that medicine and science could control nature and disease was counterbalanced by the hierarchies of gender, race and class being fixed on the body. Enlightenment ideals emphasized rationalism and expertise, but they existed alongside religious belief and everyday authority. Focusing on W

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20

Pellizzoni, Luigi. Nature, Neoliberalism, and New Materialisms. Lexington Books, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978748019.

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For a long time Western reason, of which capitalism embodies the most accomplished and radical form, seemed able of acquiring a growing capacity to control the world. Social turmoil and the ecological crisis appear to question such capacity, while in social theory ‘new materialisms’ are committed to denounce its engine – the separation and hierarchization of subject and object, language and matter, cognition and thing, living and inanimate, technology and nature. But what if, with new biotechnologies, geoengineering, ecosystem services, human enhancement, artificial intelligence, and more, the

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21

Hunter, David. On Believing. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192859549.001.0001.

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This book develops original accounts of the logical, psychological, and normative aspects of belief, grounded in ontological views that put the believer at the heart of the story. Hunter argues that to believe something is to be in position to do, think, and feel things in light of a possibility whose obtaining would make one right. The logical aspect is that being right depends only on whether that possibility obtains. The psychological one concerns how that possibility can rationalize what one does, thinks, and feels. But, Hunter argues, beliefs are not causes, capacities, or dispositions. R

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22

Corcilius, Klaus, Andrea Falcon, and Robert Roreitner. Aristotle on the Essence of Human Thought. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198921820.001.0001.

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Abstract This book is concerned with Aristotle’s definition of the human capacity for rational thinking (nous) offered in De anima. For Aristotle, nous is the principle, and ultimate explanans, of all the phenomena of human thinking. The book presents an in-depth interpretation of De anima III 4–8 as a single and coherent philosophical argument. More specifically, the book argues for the following views: (i) Rationalism. Humans come to know the world via two fundamentally different cognitive powers: nous and perception. They are fundamentally different cognitive powers because the nature of th

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23

Matthies-Boon, Vivienne. Breaking Intersubjectivity. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881810023.

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Trauma is commonly understood as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Yet, as this book explains, the concept of PTSD is problematic because it is rooted in a solipsist Philosophy of the Subject. Within such a philosophical perspective, it is not only impossible to account for trauma’s causality, but the traumatic ‘event’ is also prioritised over traumatic social and political structures as trauma is depoliticised as an (individual) internal cognitive object. Rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory, this book thus urges us to rethink the concept of trauma: trauma should not be understood

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