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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rationality of objects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Ziska, Jens Dam. "Belief, rationality, and truth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2f8bdd1f-cba7-40db-a861-94ae75ed699e.

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Modern philosophy is often said to privilege rationality over received wisdom, but to some extent this is an ideal which we pursue under a measure of uncertainty. It is not always obvious what rationality requires. Nor is it clear how rationality is to be traded against other ideals. This dissertation seeks to clarify both questions as they pertain to the rationality of belief. The choice of topic is apposite, since many argue that the case of belief illustrates that what is rational and what there is most reason to do is one and the same thing. In particular, so-called evidentialists often ar

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2

Pugh, Jonathan David. "Autonomy, rationality and contemporary bioethics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c9107058-df18-4ccb-91ae-aa51f0b25954.

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Personal autonomy is often lauded as a key value in contemporary bioethics. In this thesis, I aim to provide a rationalist account of personal autonomy that avoids the philosophical flaws present in theories of autonomy that are often invoked in bioethics, and that can be usefully applied to contemporary bioethical issues. I claim that we can understand the concept of autonomy to incorporate two dimensions, which I term the 'reflective' and 'practical' dimensions of autonomy. I suggest that the reflective dimension pertains to the critical reflection that agents must carry out on their motivat

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Garner, Stephanie. "McDowell's oscillation, objectivity and rationality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:716edcdd-3b37-4b12-811c-cf7c3355a779.

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Mind and World is written in a Wittgensteinian spirit. It is a work whose aim is to address a specific philosophical discomfort. John McDowell diagnoses a tension between the urge for what he describes as 'minimal empiricism' and its apparent impossibility. Minimal empiricism is defined as the idea that constraint is exercised on our thought by the world through experience. In his view, minimal empiricism stands in tension with the fact that conceptually unstructured impressions can have no rational bearing on our beliefs and judgements. This tension forces an oscillation between two equally u

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4

Dormandy, Katherine Nordskog. "Rationality : an expansive Bayesian theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:002e5f6b-543e-4396-a913-c45e9f5cb84c.

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Bayesian epistemology provides a promising framework for a theory of epistemic rationality. But the way in which this framework has been built upon thus far yields an unfortunately mechanical picture of rationality, on which rational agents are mere data crunchers who receive evidential input and spit out numeric credal output. This picture is rightly criticized, most prominently by Bas van Fraassen, for being too narrow and restrictive and thus failing to account for certain features which rationality plausibly has, such as a degree of permissiveness, and for certain unconventional rational p

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5

Bellorini, Nicolas. "Normativity, rationality and the pragmatic turn." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5f417b92-8fff-4b1d-9b52-9bf83a1f5475.

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The main claim defended is that a notion of discursive rationality emerges from the framework of Austinian speech act theory, and, moreover, is an appropriate tool for the resolution of the identified normativity problem. I thus propose a qualified endorsement of an approach owed in large part to Habermas's concept of communicative action.

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Levy, Yair. "The normativity of rationality : a defense." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:34ea584c-e877-4a92-9e4c-3ca8d49d6855.

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Rationality is very widely regarded as a normative notion, which underwrites various everyday normative practices of evaluation, criticism, and advice. When some agent behaves irrationally, she is likely to be critically evaluated, and advised to change her ways. Such practices seem to presuppose that agents ought to behave as rationality requires. But some philosophers question this thought. They argue that at least some requirements of rationality cannot be ones that we ought to comply with. This thesis aims to dispel such sceptical doubts over the normativity of rationality; it defends the

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7

Freidin, Esteban. "Rationality, foraging, and associative learning : an integraltive approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:76c2b5f0-aa69-4cb7-9bfb-21b14dd510d2.

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One basic requisite for rationality is that choices are consistent across situations. Animals commonly violate rationality premises as evidenced, for example, by context-dependent choices, and such apparent irrationalities stand as paradoxes that instigate re-examination of some assumptions in behaviour ecological modelling. The goal of the present thesis was to study the psychological mechanisms underlying apparent irrationalities in order to assess the functional implications of general processes of valuation and choice. A common thread through the different studies is the hypothesis that mo

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8

Kok, F. Josephine B. de. "Economic rationality and political viability, prerequisites in economic reform? : a case study of China, 1978-1995." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a38a09c3-00b4-4a70-80f1-71d65d471d31.

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To address the research questions - How has the Chinese government been able to produce a successful reform process and what logic has been behind it? - I develop a politico-economic framework that is largely based on a public choice model by Frey and Eichenberger (1992) and a politico-economic research methodology by Bates and Kreuger (1993). Its basic assumption is that all individuals, including bureaucrats and autocrats, maximise their own power and money subject to constraints. Secondly, it assumes that, when a new leadership rises to power, it will try to start an economic reform process

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9

Russell, Jill. "The rationality of rationing : a rhetorical policy analysis of deliberations about resource allocation in the NHS." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5546f951-6747-40a6-901d-86d2b1443986.

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The rationing of health care is one of the most politically sensitive and challenging issues facing policymakers today. Despite long-standing debate about how we should or might make rationing decisions, we still know surprisingly little about how such decisions are accomplished in practice. This thesis opens up the âblack box' of rationing practices. It explores theoretically and empirically what it means for rationing decisions to be made rationally. My work challenges dominant conceptualisations of rationality in health policy, suggesting that rationing is inevitably and inextricably as m

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10

Baker-Hytch, Max. "Reformed Epistemology and naturalistic explanations of religious belief : an inquiry into the epistemological implications of the cognitive science of religion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74c7b127-cf27-4939-9e32-5341465e02a8.

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Reformed Epistemology is an influential view in contemporary philosophy of religion, according to which theistic beliefs that are the product of our native, non-inferential cognitive faculties often constitute knowledge if God exists. My aim in this thesis is to ascertain whether Reformed Epistemology is viable in light of contemporary scientific explanations of the mechanisms of religious belief- formation, especially the Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR). I argue for a qualified “yes.” To begin with, I attempt to carefully reconstruct and scrutinise some currently popular “debunking argume

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11

Lederman, Harvey. "Uncommon knowledge." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:844c4fc7-1cef-4bdb-b559-c6a167fd10c4.

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This dissertation collects four papers on common knowledge and one on introspection principles in epistemic game theory. The first two papers offer a sustained argument against the importance of common knowledge and belief in explaining social behavior. Chapters 3 and 4 study the role of common knowledge of tautologies in standard models in epistemic logic and game theory. The first considers the problem as it relates to Robert Aumann’s Agreement Theorem; the second (joint work with Peter Fritz) studies it in models of awareness. The fifth paper corrects a claimed Agreement Theorem of Geanakop

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12

Monteiro, Pedro Tiago dos Santos. "Experimental studies in simple choice behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ae36e6ba-c4ff-4b5f-9f49-5c921707baa2.

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This thesis addresses decision mechanisms in foraging situations, using laboratory experiments with European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Building on previous work from the Behavioural Ecology Research Group, I chose the Sequential Choice Model (SCM; reviewed in Kacelnik et al., 2011 − Appendix 1) as a starting point, and tested its premises and predictions generalising it to different experimental protocols. Classical decision models do not relate choice preferences to behaviour towards isolated options, and assume that choices involve time-consuming evaluations of all alternatives. However,

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13

Pradelski, Bary S. R. "Distributed dynamics and learning in games." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:37185594-633c-4d78-a408-dfe4978bacb7.

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In this thesis we study decentralized dynamics for non-cooperative and cooperative games. The dynamics are behaviorally motivated and assume that very little information is available about other players' preferences, actions, or payoffs. For example, this is the case in markets where exchanges are frequent and the sheer size of the market hinders participants from learning about others' preferences. We consider learning dynamics that are based on trial-and-error and aspiration-based heuristics. Players occasionally try to increase their performance given their current payoffs. If successful th

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Lund-Jensen, Kasper. "Essays on forecast evaluation and financial econometrics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:01fb58e7-c857-43ff-998f-7b8e928a49bf.

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This thesis consists of three papers that makes independent contributions to the fields of forecast evaluation and financial econometrics. As such, the papers, chapter 1-3, can be read independently of each other. In Chapter 1, “Inferring an agent’s loss function based on a term structure of forecasts”, we provide conditions for identification, estimation and inference of an agent’s loss function based on an observed term structure of point forecasts. The loss function specification is flexible as we allow the preferences to be both asymmetric and to vary non-linearly across the forecast horiz

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15

Ryu, Bobby Jang Sun. "Knowledge of God in Philo of Alexandria with special reference to the Allegorical Commentary." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3a849607-f23b-4d0f-b25f-51e084795c83.

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This thesis is a context-sensitive study of key epistemological commitments and concerns presented in Philo’s two series of exegetical writings. The major conclusion advanced in this thesis is that two theological epistemologies, distinct yet related, can be detected among these writings. The first epistemology is specific to the Allegorical Commentary. The second epistemology is specific to the ‘Exposition of the Law.’ The epistemology of the Allegorical Commentary reflects a threefold conviction: the sovereignty of God, the creaturely contingency of the human mind and its inescapable limitat

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16

Brinkmann, Matthias. "A rationalist theory of legitimacy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6efb1b18-d901-40d3-9131-b83a4a10a642.

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In this thesis, I argue for rationalism, the claim that political legitimacy should be distributed such that justice is promoted best. In chapter 1, I define legitimacy as the permission to rule. I deny that political institutions generally enjoy authority, which is the moral power to directly impose duties on others. I then describe how legitimate political institutions without authority are possible in principle. In the second chapter, I outline a major problem for rationalism. If individuals have strong, moral rights, then it seems that political institutions cannot legitimately operate wit

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17

Lecorre, Thomas. "Des conditions de conception d'une ingénierie didactique relative à la définition de la notion de limite : élaboration d'un cadre basé sur un modèle de rationalités pour l'accès aux objets mathématiques complexes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM049/document.

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Le sujet de ce travail est d'étudier les moyens de permettre aux étudiants de fin de secondaire d'accéder aux raisons de savoir étroitement liées à la construction des concepts de l'Analyse, et à leur formalisation. La thèse explore cette question et développe un cadre théorique pour l’élaboration d’ingénieries qui visent ce sens et cette nécessité. Ce cadre théorique, conçu au sein de celui de la TSD, repose sur l’élaboration d’un modèle de rationalités et d’adaptations de la TSD notamment aux niveaux heuristiques. Le débat scientifique en classe apparait comme un choix adapté pour la mise en

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18

Curto, Millet Fabien. "Inflation expectations, labour markets and EMU." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9187d2eb-2f93-4a5a-a7d6-0fb6556079bb.

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This thesis examines the measurement, applications and properties of consumer inflation expectations in the context of eight European Union countries: France, Germany, the UK, Spain, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden. The data proceed mainly from the European Commission's Consumer Survey and are qualitative in nature, therefore requiring quantification prior to use. This study first seeks to determine the optimal quantification methodology among a set of approaches spanning three traditions, associated with Carlson-Parkin (1975), Pesaran (1984) and Seitz (1988). The success of a quant

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19

Kochem, Ronaldo Luiz. "A fundamentação da decisão judicial : objeto e critérios de controle." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148781.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema der richterlichen Begründungspflicht. Zweck der Arbeit ist es das Objekt der Begründung zu bestimmen und Kriterien zu bezeichnen, mit den man die Entscheidungsbegründung als richtig oder falsch beurteilen kann. Es wird erwartet, dass die Kriterien bei der Rechtspraxis helfen, so dass man Mittel für das Verständnis, die Ausführung und die Überprüfung der Begründungspflicht hat. Dafür wird die Gründung einer Entscheidungsbegründungsdoktrin als Instrument ausgewählt. Diese Doktrin soll den Funktionen der Begründung und den Besonderheiten des R

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20

Ismaïli, Anisse. "Algorithms for Nash-equilibria in Agent Networks and for Pareto-efficiency in State Space Search : Generalizations to Pareto-Nash in Multiple Objective Games." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066148.

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Un agent est un élément qui décide une action. Par ce formalisme très général on peut aussi bien désigner deux enfants jouant à pierre-papier-ciseaux, des êtres humains choisissant des produits sur un marché, un logiciel de routage calculant un plus court chemin sur Internet pour transporter des informations sur des routes numériques encombrées, qu’une enchère combinatoire automatique pour vendre des liens commerciaux et rapportant des milliards à google. Les chercheurs en théorie de la décision algorithmique et en théorie des jeux algorithmique – des mathématiciens et informaticiens – aiment

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21

Daniel, Dafydd Edward Mills. "Conscience and its referents : the meaning and place of conscience in the moral thought of Joseph Butler and the ethical rationalism of Samuel Clarke, John Balguy and Richard Price." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:427a4657-7701-4c68-bb05-353100ee9a73.

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Joseph Butler's moral thought and the ethical rationalism of Samuel Clarke, and his followers, John Balguy and Richard Price, are frequently distinguished, as a result of: (a) Butler’s empirical method (e.g., Kydd, Sturgeon); (b) Butler's emphasis upon self-love in the 'cool hour passage' (e.g., Prichard, McPherson); (c) Butlerian conscience, where, on a neo-Kantian reading, Butler surpassed the Clarkeans by conveying a sense of Kantian 'reflective endorsement' (e.g., Korsgaard, Darwall). The neo-Kantian criticisms of the Clarkeans in (c) are consistent with (d) Francis Hutcheson's and David H

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22

Gounelas, Frank. "Free curves on varieties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3a7f6dba-fad2-4517-994e-0b51ea311df8.

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In this thesis we study various ways in which every two general points on a variety can be connected by curves of a fixed genus, thus mimicking the notion of a rationally connected variety but for arbitrary genus. We assume the existence of a covering family of curves which dominates the product of a variety with itself either by allowing the curves in the family to vary in moduli, or by assuming the family is trivial for some fixed curve of genus g. A suitably free curve will be one with a large unobstructed deformation space, the images of whose deformations can join any number of points on

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23

Ismaïli, Anisse. "Algorithms for Nash-equilibria in Agent Networks and for Pareto-efficiency in State Space Search : Generalizations to Pareto-Nash in Multiple Objective Games." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066148.

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Un agent est un élément qui décide une action. Par ce formalisme très général on peut aussi bien désigner deux enfants jouant à pierre-papier-ciseaux, des êtres humains choisissant des produits sur un marché, un logiciel de routage calculant un plus court chemin sur Internet pour transporter des informations sur des routes numériques encombrées, qu’une enchère combinatoire automatique pour vendre des liens commerciaux et rapportant des milliards à google. Les chercheurs en théorie de la décision algorithmique et en théorie des jeux algorithmique – des mathématiciens et informaticiens – aiment

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24

CHING, SU CHUNG, and 蘇傳清. "From the Characteristics of Regulated Objects to Discuss the Rationality of Communication Regulation in Taiwan -Focusing on the Communication Fundamental Act." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40089329613528886231.

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碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>法律學系一般生組<br>97<br>This paper contains a discussion about the rationality of administration and communication. The question lies within how we evaluate purposes and methods in the process of regulation. We use some points to check how to complete the task in a rational way. In the system of constitutional law, each part of it needs to take responsibility for its ability. This is why we discuss the rationality of regulation. It is nothing but a straight way to make sure the accurate law and policy of administration. After the Communication Fundamental Act, the characteristics of

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MacLeod, Suzanne. "From the "rising tide" to solidarity: disrupting dominant crisis discourses in dementia social policy in neoliberal times." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5213.

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As a social worker practising in long-term residential care for people living with dementia, I am alarmed by discourses in the media and health policy that construct persons living with dementia and their health care needs as a threatening “rising tide” or crisis. I am particularly concerned about the material effects such dominant discourses, and the values they uphold, might have on the collective provision of care and support for our elderly citizens in the present neoliberal economic and political context of health care. To better understand how dominant discourses about dementia work at t

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