Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rationnalisation des dépenses fiscales'
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Zok, à Moubeke Yves. "De la dépense fiscale au processus de rationalisation par le concept de "dépense fiscale" : expérience française et perception au Cameroun." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010276.
Full textTax expenditure is a policy tool allowing funding public service missions, as well as public spending. Therefore, it firstly appears as the modality and the interventionist process by which the State can encourage action, forbearance or promote social redistribution. However, from its purpose, tax expenditure is also a liberal tool, as it strengthens individual autonomy by reducing the due tax amount and increasing available income for the taxpayer. Rather than raise taxes by authority to fund public service missions, the tax expenditure process includes the taxpayer in a sort of "new deal". Then, he is no more compelled to pay more taxes to public treasury, now he can adjust his tax and select business sectors he will finance. Moreover, the tax expenditure helps correct market imperfections in a neoliberal approach, by allocating or directing resources to lacking sectors. This is called liberal interventionism, illustrating both the public intervention process of tax expenditure, and tool compatible with the neoliberal ideology. However, this articulation of two phenomena or economic doctrines, that are primarily expressed by their antagonism, generate some perverse effects. Indeed, tax is first expressed by its attributes of public authority, and is difficult to reconcile with a compromising or concession approach. Nesting liberal interventionism tries to operate creates perverse effects undermining the legitimacy of the tax institution. Therefore, the liberal interventionism process contributes to undermine ail political, sociological and legal legitimacy on which tax institution is based. This degeneration should have encouraged governments to adopt processing or rationalization first time by Stanley Surrey in the United States in the late 1960s, and in 1979 inside the fourth report of the Tax Council in France was mainly influenced by budgetary and financial considerations. The concept of "tax expenditure" is then carrying a logical rationalization, remaining, however, strongly connoted by the budgetary dimension of public intervention by the tax expenditure. The issue of rationalization seems limited in that logic and rationalization process driven by the concept of "tax expenditure" are only the consequence of a complex fiscal and financial environment, rather than the result of a sui generis thought on intrinsic merits or flaws of the tax expenditure mobilization, as a public policy tool. Rationalization driven by the "tax expenditure" concept has therefore been limited as it restores imperfectly and incidentally fiscal institution legitimacy. Most of our study will focus on the French case, and there will be projections in a developing country like Cameroon when issues problems have arisen in different ways
El, Ktini Hassan. "Les dépenses fiscales en droit marocain." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALD002.
Full textAbstractFor the purposes of economic incentives or social equity, the Moroccan tax system has always had exemptions aimed at reducing the tax burden of certain categories of taxpayers or sectors of activity. These derogations represent a considerable loss of revenue for the state budget, as are budgetary expenditures. It is for this reason that they are called "tax expenditures" because they represent, in fact, a tax product that the State has waived to collect without however ensuring the achievement of the objectives assigned to it. Unlike budget expenditures, these tax expenditures are not subject to quotas. They are not subject to the same control and monitoring rules as budget expenditures.However, according to the latest report annexed to the budget bill of the 2018 budget year the overall amount of the shortfall for the treasury is 34 MDH. This staggering amounts to a few differences, to the overall amount of the budget deficit recorded the same year.To stick to a purely accounting reading, to mop up the public deficit, it is enough to make a clean sweep of all the derogatory provisions undermining the Moroccan tax system and make this rejection in one block with two birds: on the one hand, to stop the costly drift contributing to the widening of the budget deficit; on the other hand, to put an end to the nebulous world of tax expenditures, which calls into question simple and effective simple taxation.But to advocate such an alternative proves to be simplistic and reduces the extent of the issue of tax expenditures. To project, thus, to get rid of all the derogatory arsenal without discernment, it is to question the role conferred with the tax since always, that of instrument of public policy ultimate.Moreover, according to the rules of good governance, any government intervention in the management of public affairs should be effective. To do this, the government, when implementing its economic and social development program, should use the most appropriate and most conducive instrument in terms of performance, but especially at the lowest cost to the community. Thus, and whenever the public authorities resort to the tax expenditure and not to the traditional budgetary expenditure, one would understand that this choice was dictated to them by the feasibility study which would have been carried out before the decision making. The conditional used is by no means insignificant because in the current state of things, the approach thus set out is only wishful thinking. The rationality of tax expenditures is nevertheless one of the flagship recommendations of the National Tax Conference held in 2013. It is therefore a question of assessing the degree of implementation of this recommendation which forced us to review the five finance laws that have succeeded the National Tax Conference in question.But before approaching this stage of analysis, it seemed to us indispensable, given the confusion and the conceptual and juridical vagueness surrounding the notion of tax expenditures, to contribute to giving a definition, now missing in Moroccan tax literature. To do this, we first tried to return to the original version of the concept of tax expenditures as it was coined by its designer Stanley Surrey. This retrospective analysis allowed us to note the conceptual slippage and misuse of language that this notion has experienced. Subsequently, we considered it useful to review the Moroccan management of tax expenditures as well as its imperfections and defects.In conclusion and in order to make a contribution, a clear and concise definition and several recommendations have been proposed in order to rationalize the incentive system by imposing strict and mandatory control and monitoring rules so that the expenditure public is no longer synonymous with the waste of public money.Keywords : Budgetary expenditure, tax expenditures, exemptions, exemptions, budget law, corporation tax, income tax, value added tax
Pichet, Eric. "Essai d’une théorie générale des dépenses socio-fiscales." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020075.
Full textYousfi, Mohamed. "Les garanties légales et les avantages fiscaux offerts dans le cadre de la souveraineté de l'Etat aux investisseurs étrangers dans les pays en développement et en Algérie." Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO33003.
Full textThe problem facing the host countries in that of how far they can go in granting guaranties and providing fiscal and financial advantages to foreign investors without for that compromiising their national soverignty. It is also that of knowing what realty the guaranties and advantages are necessary for the holder of capital to accept to inverst in the country. This is all the move true for private capitals whose tendency is to pour in countries in which they are sure to find political stability, legal security and economic profitability. However, the legal and institutional framework necessary to the implantation of foreign enterprises cannot be found in all countries, either they cannot, because of their political systems, garanty a minimal degree of security ans stability, or that their fiscal and financial, economic development, together with the inadequate character of their infrastructures cannot insure the expected profictability. The poor results obtained in a number of developping
Kabil, Soufi. "Dépense fiscale et incitation à l'investissement au Maroc." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100067.
Full textGodbout, Luc. "L'intervention gouvernementale par la politique fiscale : le rôle des dépenses fiscales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32001.
Full textSeveral countries applied the notion of tax expenditures. The comparative analysis (Canada, United States, France) shows that difficulties bound to their identification and to their integration in States activities remain. To operationalize tax expenditures, thesis proposes restrictive definition as well as the elaboration of parameters and a typology frame. These elements allow comparing the budgetary expenditure of tax expenditures having the same objectives of public policy. The application reveals a series of advantages, notably: i) to standardize the way of their identification; ii) to make some tax expenditures completely comparable with budgetary expenditure; iii) to integrate their cost into the budget of the State; iv) to improve the evaluation of the budgetary choices by transferring their management to the concerned ministries. These modifications should lead to a better use of interventionist tax policy
Cassam-Chenai, Natacha. "La rationalisation des dépenses fiscales en faveur des investissements immobiliers ultramarins des personnes physiques." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0024.
Full textTax expenditures in favor of the ultramarine real estate investments of natural persons, established for some thirty years now, may well be erased from the French tax landscape: on the one hand, the expected end of these expenditures is fast approaching and on the other hand, these expenses are the subject of much criticism and part of the doctrine militates for their abolition, mainly on the grounds that such expenditure would violate the principle of equality and that they would be too costly and thus detrimental to the Public finances, knowing that the level of public debt is a matter of concern and that control of public funds is required both at national and at European level. At least, a thorough review of these tax expenditures and the law governing them can be used to refute certain stereotypes and to offer a new approach to these expenditures. This examination reveals, against all odds, that these expenses contribute to the restoration of public finances and thus meet the requirement of control of public funds. Moreover, it shows that these expenditures enjoy great legitimacy and must be maintained and extended; they are not contrary to the principle of equality and even allow this principle to flourish; moreover, they make it possible to give concrete expression to the principle of solidarity (notably because they help to guarantee the right to housing and the right to health) and thus constitute "imperious" expenditure, the urgency of expenditures being a new concept emitted - intended to be used for all tax expenditures - making it possible to differentiate between expenditures that must necessarily be made and which could be converted into budgetary expenditures, and those that could not, given the principle of necessity of the tax. However, for such imperious expenses, the question of the justification of their fiscal nature is crucial, that is why a method has been developed to determine whether the tax nature of such expenditures is justified. This method has shown that the fiscal nature of the said expenses favoring the ultramarine investments is appropriate. As legitimate as these expenditures are, however, they are not without criticism and deserve to be reformed. These include better protecting taxpayers who are investing for the purpose of obtaining a tax advantage (among other things by combating questionable legal insecurity) and reducing certain inequalities caused by such expenditures. In this regard, and in order to better respect the principle of solidarity, a number of proposals have been made (some of which could benefit all tax expenditures), among which is the idea of offering taxpayers the opportunity to make their tax-advantaged investments through the tax department, which would transfer the funds belonging to taxpayers to a publicly run company, a proposal with many advantages
Zambelli, Nicolas. "Recherche sur les techniques d'optimisation fiscale des transmissions d'entreprise." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT3005.
Full textResearch regarding fiscal optimization techniques relating to the transfers of a company , a subject which is currently the focus of a legislative evolution as numerous company leaders are preparing to retire, describes the legal and fiscal means which allow for reduction of taxes weighing both on the seller, subject to capital gains taxes on the sale, and the purchaser, legal debtor for the transfer taxes. Therefore, this thesis will reveal the art of fiscally optimising purchases and sales of companies both for consideration and for no consideration. To perfect the realizable tax savings, it is vital to plan well in advance the transfer of the company because the legislator has imposed certain fixed deadlines necessary to the planned fiscal transactions. Therefore, this anticipation of the transfer will be an additional guarantee for the taxpayer with respect to the theory of misuse of the law, the primary limit on the “creativity” of tax attorneys. .
Girard, Pierre-Olivier. "La défiscalisation des investissements dans les départements d'outre-mer et le droit communautaire des aides d'Etat à finalité régionale." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100070.
Full textArticles 199 undecies A, 199 undecies B and 217 undecies of the French "Code général des impôts" entitle juridical or individual persons subjugated to income tax or coporate tax, to obtain a tax relief for investments made in French overseas departments. Theses tax mitigations can be, "per se", qualified as state aids, in principle incompatible with the common market, in the meaning of the article 87 of the EC Treaty, because they restrictcompetition. But this tax reduction system seems to constitute one of the exceptions provided for in the same article because it has a regional aim. As competition communautary law of state aid is unified in directing lines adopted by the european Commision, we have undertook to compare the French legal system with the european content. . .
Bassole, Boubie. "Financement extérieur et finances publiques : le cas du Burkina." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10026.
Full textThe main aim of this research is to determine the effects of the external financing on the publics finances. In order to reach that aim, we examine in the first section the external financing effect on the public receipts, in the second section, the effect on the public expenditures. So, in the first section, the first chapter evalues the fiscal receipts created by the external financing which has been affected to specific projects. For this, we use the rate of external financing of gross investments by the fiscal receipts which have been created by the investments projects. The second chapter analyses theorically and empirically the relations between the total external financing and the public receipts, then after, the fiscal policy of the state. Concerning the second section, we operate analysis similar to the first section. The first chapter evalues the recurrent costs created by the specific projects which has been realized on the affected external financing. For that, we use a rate of the recurrent cost. Last, the second chapter analyses the theoretical and empirical relations between the total external financing and the volume of budget expenditure and the effect of the external financing on the policy of the affectation of the budget expenditures by the state
Zumer, Frédéric. "Fédéralisme budgétaire et stabilisation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0032.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to identify the conditions requisite for the successful operation and survival of a monetary union. The fiscal instrument being the only one available for the purpose of stabilization, it is fiscal conditions which we must consier. The theoretical foundations and the practical possibility of a shock-absorber mechanism are explored here, that is to say a fiscal transfer scheme between states in the framework of the emu in order that the member states should be able to cope with transitory, asymmetric shocks which represent the main therat to its existence. Econometrics of panel data makes possible the highilighting of the various characteristics of such a system of fiscal federalism and stabilization in existing monetary unions, like that of the USA thus we may examine the components necessary for the creation of a specifically European device of this kind and the fact that its necessity for a successful monetary union is not as yet proven. The implied assumption that such inter-regional stabilisers are still more powerful within unitary states does not appear empirically confirmed, however such a system would seem helpful in ensuring the stability of a monetary union in its initial period
Garatti, Aléxis. "Identification des chocs macroéconomiques et coûts d'ajustement dans la perspective d'une union monétaire." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40042.
Full textCassette, Aurélie. "Concurrence fiscale, offre de biens et services publics et intégration européenne." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-Cassette.pdf.
Full textEbeke, Christian. "Essais sur les effets macroéconomiques des envois de fonds des migrants dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606159.
Full textPamies-Sumner, Stéphanie. "Fédéralisme budgétaire et risque moral au sein de l'Union économique et monétaire européenne (UEM)." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40005.
Full textCharland, Gilbert. "Cycles partisans, transferts fédéraux et autonomie des provinces au Canada (1983-2008)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22387.
Full textEbeke, Christian Hubert Xavier Camille. "Essays on the macroeconomic consequences of remittances in developing countries." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066213.
Full textSawadogo, Pegdéwendé Nestor. "Fiscal policy and financing for development in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD007.
Full textThe central question of this thesis is how fiscal policy could be used for development finance purposes. Indeed, we identify and investigate pathways through which developing states can mobilize resources to improve sustainable development. For this purpose, we conduct policy-oriented researches (using suitable statistical and econometrical tools) and provide advices for developing countries. The first part of the dissertation addresses the issue of external resources mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 1 and Chapter 2). In Chapter 1, we investigate the effects of public expenditures on sovereign bond spreads in emerging market countries. We show that developing countries could have a better access to international financial market by supporting public investment and reducing current spending. Specifically, spending on human capital (education and health) and other public infrastructures significantly reduce bond spreads. They should also improve the quality of governance since financial markets award well-governed countries with better borrowing conditions. We examine, in Chapter 2, the strength of fiscal rules in terms of improving financial markets access for developing countries. We find that the adoption of fiscal rules reduces sovereign bond spreads and consequently improve financial market access. Indeed, this result is explained by the credibility of fiscal policy channel: more credible governments are rewarded in the international financial markets with low sovereign bond spreads and high sovereign debt ratings. Our findings confirm that the adoption and sound implementation of fiscal rules is an instrument for policy makers to improve developing countries’ financial market access. The second part of the dissertation focuses on what developing countries could do to improve internal resources mobilization (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4). As a matter of fact, we explore the relationship between fiscal rules and inequality (Chapter 3) and find that fiscal rules adoption contributes to reduce inequality in developing countries. The policy implication is that developing countries could finance their development in a sustainable way (via the reduction of inequalities) by adopting fiscal rules. Moreover, we assess the effects of combating illicit financial flows on domestic tax revenue mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 4). We highlight that countries which cooperate with international standards for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) are more able to mobilize tax revenue than countries which do not cooperate. Consequently, developing countries could mobilize more domestic tax revenue by implementing policies to curtail illicit financial flows. They should establish sound institutions
Soalla, Wendkouni Lydie Sophie. "L'action des institutions financières internationales et leur impact sur les systèmes nationaux : aspects budgétaires et fiscaux. Le cas du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30083.
Full textSince its independence, Burkina Faso is seeking public policy development that allows him to leave his state of "underdevelopment". Fiscal policy has, therefore, been established as a catalyst for sustainable economic and social development. But mistakes budget successive Governments have instead led to a triple crisis: a debt crisis, a crisis of deficits and an economic crisis. Beginning in the 1990s, the IMF and the World Bank intervened alongside Burkinabe authorities, within a double technical and financial assistance to reform structurally fiscal policy. This intervention will settle permanently in the internal politics of Burkina Faso. In two decades, finance policy will be geared to suit the budget doctrine and priorities defined by the IMF and the World Bank: the structural adjustment programs and the political fight against poverty will try to achieve the objectives of economic growth, and economic growth and social reform through policy and budgetary spending policy of budgetary resources. But whatever the goal under consideration, the results achieved are far removed from the expected results in terms of debt restructuring, expenditure and budgetary resources. This dynamic reforms can nevertheless wonder, in view of past experience, the appropriate role for the state in Burkina Faso, fiscal policy, the IMF and the World Bank, the Community institutions in West Africa the development process as Burkina Faso must necessarily raise, so that decades of reforms are not considered necessary
Riskwait, Mirza. "L'interventionnisme financier local." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD015.
Full textThis thesis is about local public financial interventionism, in a context where it is decried. It proposes to study the different characteristics that define local public financial interventionism. The financial competence held by the local authorities to intervene in favor of the private enterprises, granted by the legislator, allows the exercise of a local public financial and fiscal regulatory power while taking into account the rights and freedoms of private enterprises. Local public financial interventionism takes place through conventional legal techniques, such as unilateral administrative act and contract, which go beyond the dichotomy of public and private law, and financial techniques, such as local public expenditure and local tax revenue, and the loss of revenue derived from local taxes, thus offering a multiplicity of legal and financial instruments. The analysis of the effectiveness of local public financial interventionism makes it possible to define the various forms of local public financial intervention and to assess the mechanisms put in place to evaluate, control and sanction it